Project Report

On

Biomaterial Science

Submitted By:

SAMEEKSHA SUKHDEVE

Roll Number:20120086

<:Under the Supervision of:>

Dr.Manoj K.Chopkar

Associate Professor

National Institute Of Technology,Raipur

 INTRODUCTION
What is biomaterial science?

Biomaterials Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that explores the underlying

science behind the function, interactions and design of biomaterials.
It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.

What are biomaterials?

It is a non viable material used in medical device, intended to interact with biological
system.
A biomaterial is defined as any systemically, pharmacologically inert substance or
combination of substance utilized for implantation within or incorporation with a
living system to supplement or replace functions of living tissues or organs.

.The ability to replace or argument damaged organs, or blood vessels or tissues in

part or as a whole has improved the scope of human life.
.In addition , a variety of extracorporeal devices, such as the heart, lung and blood
dialysis machine are used commonly in medical technology .
.The availability of human organs is difficult which has paved the way for the use of
synthetic materials.
Characteristics of Biomaterials:-

Physical Requirements

.Hard Materials

.Flexible Materials

Chemical Requirements

.Must not react with any tissue in the body

.Must be non-toxic to the body

.Long-term replacement must not be biodegradable

Main Features For Medical Application:

Biofunctionality

.Playing a specific function in physical and mechanical terms

Biocompatibility

.Concept that refers to a set of properties that a material must have

to be used

.safely in a biological organism

Use Of Biomaterials
1.Replacement of diseased or damaged part:Artificial hip joint,
kidney dialysis machine

2.Aid to treatment Catheters, drains

3.Aid to diagnosis is:probes and catheters

4.Correct cosmetic problem:Augmentation mammoplasty, chin

augmentation

5.Correct functional abnormality:Cardiac pacemaker

6.Improve function:Cardiac pacemaker, intraocular lens

7.Assist in healing Sutures, bone plates, and screws

 Biomaterial Science
1.Grow cells in culture.

2.Apparatus for handling proteins in the laboratory.

3.Devices to regulate fertility in cattle.

4.Aquaculture of oysters.

5.Cell-silicon “Biochip”.
Functions of Biomaterials:

.Load bearing or transmission

.The control of fluid flow in order to stimulate normal physiological

function or situation

.Passive space filling either for cosmetic reasons or functional

reasons

.Generation of electric stimuli and transmission of light and sound

 Application of biomaterials
.Heart Valve
.Artificial Tissue
.Dental Implants
.Intraocular Lenses
.Vascular Grafts
.Hip Replacements

 Intraocular Lenses
.By age 75 more than 50%of
population suffers from
cataracts

.Made of PMM, silicon

elastomers, and other materials.

.1.4 million implantation in the

united states yearly

.Good vision is generally

restored almost immediately
after lens is inserted.
 Vascular Grafts
.Must be flexible.
.Designed with open porous
structure.
Good structure retention.
.High fatigue resistance.
.Biostable.

Hip-Replacements
.Most common medical practice
using biomaterials.

.Very high molecular weight

polymers.

.Thermoset Plastics.

 Heart Valve
.Fabricated from carbons,
metals, elastomers, fabrics, and
natural valves.

.Must not react with chemicals in

body.

.Attached by polyester mesh.

.Tissues growth facilitated by

polar oxygen-containing groups.

.Almost as soon as valve

implanted cardiac function is
restored to near normal.
 Dental Implant
.To hold artificial tooth in replacing
dysfunctional/damaged tooth.

Joint Replacement
.It helps in replace dysfuntional/
damaged joint organs.

Bio-Porous Materials
Artificial Porous Materials
 Biomaterials-An Emerging Industry
.Next generation of medical implants and therapeutic modalities.
.Interface of biotechnology and traditional engineering.
.Significant industrial growth in the next 15 years potential of a multi-billion
industry.
Future Scope(Surgical Robotics)
.Instead of manipulating surgical instruments, surgeons use their thumbs
and fingers to move joystick handles on a control console to manoeuvre
two robot arms containing miniature instruments that are inserted into
ports in the patient. The surgeon’s movements transform large motions on
the remote controls into micro-movements on the robot arms to greatly
improve mechanical precision and safety.

.A third robot arm holds a miniature camera, which is inserted through a

small opening into a patient. The camera projects highly magnified 3-D
images on a console to give a broad view of the interior surgical site.

 Surgical Robotics
.UCI Medical Center’s da Vinci Surgical System is currently approved for all gall bladders,
prostate, colorectal, gynaecological, oesophageal, and gastric bypass procedures.

Conclusion:-

Biomaterials plays an important role in everyday life, it also helps in restoring function and
facilitating healing for people after injury or disease. These are natural or synthetic and are used
in medical application to support , enhance, or replace damaged tissue or a biological function.