1.

List types of Warehouses in various industries and job descriptions of

Warehouse Managers.
Warehouse managers oversee the efficient receipt, storage and dispatch of a range of goods
As a warehouse manager, you'll be responsible for a vital part of the supply chain process, you'll manage
people, processes and systems in order to ensure goods are received and dispatched appropriately, and
that productivity targets are met.
You'll also be responsible for workplace health and safety standards and for the security of the building
and stock. Specialist warehouses may store temperature-controlled products, such as food and
pharmaceuticals, and hazardous materials.
Responsibilities

As a warehouse manager, you'll need to

 liaise with customers, suppliers and transport companies

 coordinate and monitor the receipt, order, assembly and dispatch of goods
 use space and mechanical handling equipment efficiently, making sure quality, budgetary targets
and environmental objectives are met
 have a clear understanding of the company's policies and vision and how the warehouse
contributes to these
 coordinate the use of automated and computerised systems where necessary

Qualifications
Although you don't need a specific degree to become a warehouse manager, the following subjects are
particularly relevant:

 business information systems

 business, management or economics
 business with languages
 operational research
 retail management
 supply chain management
 transport, distribution or logistics.

What to expect
 Work is divided between the shop floor, warehouse and the office, though this depends on the
size of the operation.
 Opportunities are available throughout the UK, commonly located within easy reach of
motorways and rail, sea and air terminals.
 It may occasionally be necessary to travel during the working day.

Salary
  Salaries for graduate training schemes in warehouse management range from
50,000 to 60,000.
 Junior management roles that are not part of a graduate training scheme usually
attract salaries of 30,000 to 40,000.

5 Types of Warehouses
Private Warehouses:
These are owned and managed by the channel suppliers
(manufacturers/traders) and resellers and are used exclusively for their own
distribution activities.

Examples:
(a) Warehouses constructed by farmers/producers near their
fields/places of work.
(b) Warehouses owned and managed by wholesalers and retailers close
to their selling centers.
(c) Warehouses constructed by manufacturers near their production
units.

Public Warehouses:
These warehouses are owned by government and semi government bodies and
are made available to private firms to store goods on payment of rent. The
public warehouses are usually set up to help small traders who are not in
position to have their own warehouses due to financial constraints.

Therefore, in order to promote trade and industry, central or state

governments come forward to cater such storage needs of traders/retailers.
Anyone can avail these facilities to solve its short-term distribution needs.

For example, before festivals or before marriage seasons, retailers may order
extra merchandise to avoid ‘out of stock’ situations. These warehouses are
typically regulated by the government bodies. Costs incurred by the private
firms for the use of public warehouses are considered as variable. These
warehouses are mainly used by manufacturers/producers, exporters and
importers.

Bonded Storage:
These warehouses are owned, managed and controlled by government as well
as private agencies. Bonded warehouses are storage facility used to store
imported goods for which import duty is still to be paid. The bonded
warehouses run by private agencies have to obtain license from the
government.

In actual, this enables the government bodies to hold control on private firms
to pay their taxes on time. Without paying duties, importers cannot take over
or open the goods. Globally, it has been seen that these warehouses are found
near the ports and are usually owned by dock authorities. Bonded warehouses
are subject to two types of taxes: (a) Excise duty and (b) Custom duty.

4. Co-operative Warehouses:
As the very name implies, these warehouses are owned, managed and
controlled by co-operative societies. These societies provide storage facilities
on the most economical rates to their members only. The basic purpose to run
such warehouses is not to earn profit but to help their members.

5. Distribution Centres:
This type of storage facility usually has large space, which enables fast
movement of large quantities of stores for short period. While, on the other
hand, conventional warehouses hold goods for long time, say 2 months or 1
year.
These warehouses basically by nature, serve as points in the distribution
system at which goods are procured from different suppliers and quickly
transferred to various customers. These centers provide computerized control,
which make movement of goods quick, fast and reliable.

2.List the Environmental effects of Hazardous waste

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency defines hazardous waste as a “waste

with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a harmful effect on
human health or the environment.” 

Here are a few of the most common types of hazardous waste you may have in your
facility.
Chemicals

The simplest definition of a chemical is a substance that cannot be broken down into
simpler parts without changing it into something else through a reaction. A chemical
is a pure substance, and can be a gas, liquid or solid. 

Chemical waste can be found in a variety of settings, from manufacturing facilities

to high school labs and hospitals. Proper disposal is incredibly important because of
the risk chemical waste posts to not only the environment, but to lab workers,
students and residents who live in the surrounding areas of lab facilities as well.

 
Medical Waste

Medical waste can come from a variety of sources, from testing facilities to labs,
pharmacies, dental offices and hospitals. Each year, hospitals alone account for 5.9
million tons of medical waste in the United States.
Electronic Waste

Electronic waste is a growing problem worldwide. In fact, nearly 53.6 million metric

tons of e-waste was generated in 2019. While e-waste accounts for 70% of toxic
waste in the United States, it only accounts for 2% of trash found in landfills.

Toxic materials from electronic waste can significantly harm both the environment

and human health. That’s because electronics can contain chemicals and
substances like mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead. Lead, in particular, can cause
neurological damage. 

Short-Term Effects

The main danger in the short term is water pollution. The chemicals that are
disposed of into our waterways make streams, rivers, lakes and aquifers unsafe to
use for drinking or agricultural purposes. 

Animals and plants sicken and die when they drink from these waters, and human
health in areas downstream may be affected. 

In 2014, a Freedom Industries facility near Charleston, WV, released crude 4-

Methylcyclohexanemethanol into the Elk River. The river, which is a tributary of
the Kenawha River, occurred upstream from a West Virginia American Water intake,
treatment and distribution center. Nearly 300,000 residents were without access to
clean water for nearly a week.

However, it is the long-term results that truly terrify.

 
Long-Term Effects

Long-term effects include signs of mutation in animals, cancer and other diseases in
humans, trash in our waterways and green spaces, and the destruction of many
natural resources. Populations of insects such as bees, which are crucial to
preserving the fertility of plant life, are dying off faster than they can repopulate due
to human pollution.

Even if spills are quickly contained, the chemicals can seep into soil, interrupting
plants’ normal growth processes. 

Another long-term impact of hazardous waste is the danger it poses to our water
table. Chemicals can soak through soil and enter underground aquifers. What may
have been a spill that occurred in a small area can quickly grow to impact an
extremely large area. Even more frightening, the true impact of this can go
undetected for a long period of time.

Because bodily fluids are another kind of hazardous waste that often gets disposed
of improperly, we now have to worry about the spread of human disease as well.
Other forms of chemical contamination, such as mercury and lead, pose major
human health risks – especially to developing children. They accumulate in tissue,
build up over time, and can lead to cancer, seizures, poisoning and death.

3.Explain Service blue printing concept and give appropriate example

What Is a Service Blueprint? 

Definition: A service blueprint is a diagram that visualizes the relationships
between different service components — people, props (physical or digital
evidence), and processes — that are directly tied to touchpoints in a specific
customer journey.

Think of service blueprints as a part two to customer journey maps. Similar to

customer-journey maps, blueprints are instrumental in complex scenarios spanning
many service-related offerings. Blueprinting is an ideal approach to experiences that
are omnichannel, involve multiple touchpoints, or require a crossfunctional effort
(that is, coordination of multiple departments).
A service blueprint corresponds to a specific customer journey and the specific user
goals associated to that journey. This journey can vary in scope. Thus, for the same
service, you may have multiple blueprints if there are several different scenarios that
it can accommodate. For example, with a restaurant business, you may have
separate service blueprints for the tasks of ordering food for takeout versus dining in
the restaurant.

Service blueprints should always align to a business goal: reducing redundancies,

improving the employee experience, or converging siloed processes.

Benefits of Service Blueprinting

Service blueprints give an organization a comprehensive understanding of its

service and the underlying resources and processes — seen and unseen to the user
— that make it possible. Focusing on this larger understanding (alongside more
typical usability aspects and individual touchpoint design) provides strategic benefits
for the business.

Blueprints are treasure maps that help businesses discover weaknesses. Poor

user experiences are often due to an internal organizational shortcoming — a weak
link in the ecosystem. While we can quickly understand what may be wrong in a
user interface (bad design or a broken button), determining the root cause of a
systemic issue (such as corrupted data or long wait times) is much more difficult.
Blueprinting exposes the big picture and offers a map of dependencies, thus
allowing a business to discover a weak leak at its roots.

In this same way, blueprints help identify opportunities for optimization. The

visualization of relationships in blueprints uncovers potential improvements and
ways to eliminate redundancy. For example, information gathered early on in the
customer’s journey could possibly be repurposed later on backstage. This approach
has three positive effects: (1) customers are delighted when they are recognized the
second time — the service feels personal and they save time and effort; (2)
employee time and effort are not wasted regathering information; (3) no risk of
inconsistent data when the same question isn’t asked twice.

Blueprinting is most useful when coordinating complex services because it bridges

crossdepartment efforts. Often, a department’s success is measured by the
touchpoint it owns. However, users encounter many touchpoints throughout one
journey and don’t know (or care) which department owns which touchpoint. While a
department could meet its goal, the big-picture, organization-level objectives may
not be reached. Blueprinting forces businesses to capture what occurs internally
throughout the totality of the customer journey — giving them insight to overlaps and
dependencies that departments alone could not see.

4.Elaborate the major factors which influences Buying behavior of any consumer?

Consumer behavior is
influenced by many different factors. A marketer should try to
understand the factors that influence consumer behavior. Here are 5 major factors that
influence consumer behavior: 
1. Psychological Factors
Human psychology is a major determinant of consumer behavior. These factors are
difficult to measure but are powerful enough to influence a buying decision.
Some of the important psychological factors are:
i. Motivation
When a person is motivated enough, it influences the buying behaviour of the person.
A person has many needs such as the social needs, basic needs, security needs, esteem
needs and self-actualization needs. Out of all these needs, the basic needs and security
needs take a position above all other needs. Hence basic needs and security needs
have the power to motivate a consumer to buy products and services.
ii. Perception
Consumer perception isa major factor that influences consumer behavior. Customer
perception is a process where a customer collects information about a product and
interprets the information to make a meaningful image about a particular product.
When a customer sees advertisements, promotions, customer reviews, social media
feedback, etc. relating to a product, they develop an impression about the product.
Hence consumer perception becomes a great influence on the buying decision of
consumers. 
iii. Learning
When a person buys a product, he/she gets to learn something more about the product.
Learning comes over a period of time through experience. A consumer’s learning
depends on skills and knowledge. While a skill can be gained through practice,
knowledge can be acquired only through experience.
Learning can be either conditional or cognitive. In conditional learning the consumer
is exposed to a situation repeatedly, thereby making a consumer to develop a response
towards it.
Whereas in cognitive learning, the consumer will apply his knowledge and skills to
find satisfaction and a solution from the product that he buys.
social Factors
Humans are social beings and they live around many people who influence their
buying behavior. Human try to imitate other humans and also wish to be socially
accepted in the society. Hence their buying behavior is influenced by other people
around them. These factors are considered as social factors. Some of the social factors
are:
i. Family
Family plays a significant role in shaping the buying behavior of a person. A person
develops preferences from his childhood by watching family buy products and
continues to buy the same products even when they grow up.
ii. Reference Groups
Reference group is a group of people with whom a person associates himself.
Generally, all the people in the reference group have common buying behavior and
influence each other.
iii. Roles and status
A person is influenced by the role that he holds in the society. If a person is in a high
position, his buying behavior will be influenced largely by his status. A person who is
a Chief Executive Officer in a company will buy according to his status while a staff
or an employee of the same company will have different buying pattern.  
Cultural factors
A group of people are associated with a set of values and ideologies that belong to a
particular community. When a person comes from a particular community, his/her
behavior is highly influenced by the culture relating to that particular community.
Some of the cultural factors are:
i. Culture
Cultural Factors have strong influence on consumer buyer behavior.  Cultural Factors
include the basic values, needs, wants, preferences, perceptions, and behaviors that are
observed and learned by a consumer from their near family members and other
important people around them.
ii. Subculture
Within a cultural group, there exists many subcultures. These subcultural groups share
the same set of beliefs and values. Subcultures can consist of people from different
religion, caste, geographies and nationalities. These subcultures by itself form a
customer segment.
iii. Social Class
Each and every society across the globe has form of social class. The social class is
not just determined by the income, but also other factors such as the occupation,
family background, education and residence location. Social class is important to
predict the consumer behavior.
Personal Factors
Factors that are personal to the consumers influence their buying behavior. These
personal factors differ from person to person, thereby producing different perceptions
and consumer behavior.
Some of the personal factors are:
i. Age
Age is a major factor that influences buying behavior. The buying choices of youth
differ from that of middle-aged people. Elderly people have a totally different buying
behavior. Teenagers will be more interested in buying colorful clothes and beauty
products. Middle-aged are focused on house, property and vehicle for the family.
ii. Income
Income has the ability to influence the buying behavior of a person. Higher income
gives higher purchasing power to consumers. When a consumer has higher disposable
income, it gives more opportunity for the consumer to spend on luxurious products.
Whereas low-income or middle-income group consumers spend most of their income
on basic needs such as groceries and clothes.

Economic Factors
The consumer buying habits and decisions greatly depend on the economic situation
of a country or a market. When a nation is prosperous, the economy is strong, which
leads to the greater money supply in the market and higher purchasing power for
consumers. When consumers experience a positive economic environment, they are
more confident to spend on buying products.

i. Personal Income
When a person has a higher disposable income, the purchasing power increases
simultaneously. Disposable income refers to the money that is left after spending
towards the basic needs of a person.
When there is an increase in disposable income, it leads to higher expenditure on
various items. But when the disposable income reduces, parallelly the spending on
multiple items also reduced.
ii. Family Income
Family income is the total income from all the members of a family. When more
people are earning in the family, there is more income available for shopping basic
needs and luxuries. Higher family income influences the people in the family to buy
more. When there is a surplus income available for the family, the tendency is to buy
more luxury items which otherwise a person might not have been able to buy.
iii. Consumer Credit
When a consumer is offered easy credit to purchase goods, it promotes higher
spending. Sellers are making it easy for the consumers to avail credit in the form of
credit cards, easy installments, bank loans, hire purchase, and many such other credit
options. When there is higher credit available to consumers, the purchase of comfort
and luxury items increases.

5. Explain the Challenges of Visual Merchandising in Indian Market?

Challenges of Visual Merchandising

1. Limited Display Space
Space allocation for various SKUs is a strategically pre-planned process. So, in case
visual merchandisers want to make changes and allocate space for VM props, it
becomes a highly demanding task. Also, with the number of products that keep
pouring into retail stores, there is limited shelf space to accommodate them. This
adds to the problem of space allocation for VM.
2. Limited Flexibility
Competing suppliers want their goods displayed in the most prominent position in
the store. Furthermore, large products require and occupy a considerable amount of
space. They also need adequate circulation space that enables customer view from
all angles. Moreover, it isn’t easy to create flexibility with large merchandise such as
furniture, electric appliances, and home improvement tools. This affects the
merchandising efforts to a large extent.

3. Low Budget
Retail stores generally tend to allocate low budgets for visual merchandising and
related props. This is done to reduce costs and maximize profits. However, it
becomes challenging for visual merchandisers to work within this allocated budget.
The budget might fall short of getting the desired result. This limits the capabilities of
the VM team to put out their best efforts and gain the expected outcome.
4. Conflicting Interests
Conflicting interests of top management, visual merchandisers, and staff can pose a
major challenge in VM. In most cases, the decision as to where products are
displayed is predetermined by top management and the supplier and not by the
visual merchandiser. Furthermore, sometimes what the visual merchandiser sees as
appropriate could be difficult for the sales staff to implement. These conflicting
interests result in a lack of coordination and cooperation in retail stores.
5. Risk of Security
Theft and robbery often happen in retail stores and supermarkets, even in broad
daylight. This is a common problem facing retail establishments, and even those
equipped with security cameras and tracking devices still fall victim to this.
Therefore, merchandisers have to ensure that their display also takes into
consideration the security of the products.