Academy of Technology

Department of Electrical Engineering

Subject: Electric and Hybrid Vehicle
Subject Code: PE-EE602A
6th semester
Question Bank for 2nd Internal Examination 2022

(1 Mark Questions)
1. The capacity of a battery is expressed in terms of
   a) Current rating b) Voltage rating
   c) Ampere hour rating d) None of the above

2. Cells are connected in series in order to

   a) Increase the voltage rating
   b) Increase the current rating
   c) Increase the life of the cells
   d) None of the above

3. One (1) Ah = ________?

a) 1C b) 1200C c) 2400C d) 3600C

4. What gets deposited on the plates of a discharged lead-acid battery?

a) PbO2 b) Pb2O4 c) Pb d) PbSO4

5.Standard open circuit voltage for Lead-acid battery at standard conditions is——-
 a) 3 Volts
 b) 2.048 Volts
 c) 2.50 Volts
 d) 3.508 Volts

6. Which of the following is an advantage of a lithium-ion battery?

a) Complex to manufacture
b) Sophisticated chargers
c) More expensive
d) High energy density

7. A 100 Ahr battery is labelled with 0.1C rate having a discharge current of
a) 1 A b) 5 A c) 10 A d) 20A

8. Which of the following is not an advantage of Lithium-ion battery?

a) High specific energy density
b) More expensive
c) Reliability
d) Lower self-discharge rate

9. With the increase of load current the terminal voltage of a battery

a) increases b) decreases c) remain constant d) at first increases then decreases

10. The energy stored per unit kg of a battery is called

a) specific power b) specific charge c) energy density d) specific energy
11. Specific power of a battery
a) depends on temperature of a battery b) depends on load connected to battery
c) remain constant d) depends on battery capacity

12. The negative plate of a lead acid battery uses

a) PbSO4 b) lead dioxide c) spongy lead d) sulphuric acid

13. Choose the correct option

a) lead acid battery is costly compared to other rechargeable batteries
b) Energy density of a lead-acid battery is high compared to other rechargeable batteries
c) Lead-acid battery has a very wide operating temperature range
d) lead-acid battery is more toxic due to presence of lead

14. Which rechargeable battery has higher specific energy?

a) Lead-acid b) Ni-Fe c) Ni-Cd d) Ni-MH

15. The electrolyte of a lead acid battery uses

a) Water b) dilute H2SO4 c) lead sulphate solution d) concentrated H2SO4

16. During discharging of the battery each cell within the battery does not lose the same amount of
charge because
a) same current does not flw through each cell
b) same voltage does not appear across each cell
c) each cell does not have the same self-discharge rate
d) Each cell not charged equally

17. Which of the switches is not a self-commutated switch

a) MOSFET b) SCR c) GTO d) IGBT

18. A chopper can be used on

a) pulse-width modulation only b) frequency modulation only
c) amplitude modulation only d) both PWM and FM

19. A class C chopper can drive a motor in

a) 1st quadrant only b) 2nd quadrant only
c) 1 and 2 quadrant
st nd
d) 1st and 4th quadrant

20. In case of TRC (Time ratio control)

a) Duty cycle is varies b) Supply frequency is varied
c) firing angle is varied d) supply voltage magnitude is varied

21.In type C chopper

a) current can never be zero
b) current can flow in both the directions of the load
c) voltage can never be zero
d) none of the mentioned

22. For a battery having depth of discharge of 20% and charge capacity is 500 Ahr, the maximum
charge can be drawn from the battery is
a) 20 Ahr b) 100 Ahr c) 400 Ahr d) 500 Ahr
23. In which type of battery has the highest nominal cell voltage
a) Lead-acid b) Li-ion c) Ni-Cd d) Ni-MH

24. In a Buck-Boost converter the output voltage is given by

a) DV b) V/(1-D) c) DV/(1-D) d) –DV/(1-D)

25. The output voltage is of reverse polarity with respect to input voltage in
a) Buck Converter b) Boost Converter c) Buck-Boost converter d) NOTA

26. Class E chopper can operate in (a) I & II quadrants (b) I & IV quadrants (c) III & IV quadrants (d)
all four quadrants

27.During light load operation of series hybrid the ICE

a) supply the propulsion energy
b) charges the battery
c) does not operate
d) supply the propulsion energy as well as charges the battery

28. Axle balancing mode of operation is obtained in a complex HEV when the vehicle
a) is starting up b) is at standstill
c) front wheels slip d) is running at light load

29. High specific power of a battery determines

a) high life of the battery b) high SOC of the battery
c) high driving range of the vehicle d) high pick up of the vehicle

30. In order to shorten the mechanical transmission path from EM to driven wheel the EV
configuration uses
a) Multi-gear system b) Fixed gear system
c) multi-motor system d) In-wheel drive

(5 marks questions)

1. Why different power control strategies are required in different HEV configuration? (5)

2. What are the considerations to design power control strategies? (5)

3. Why EVs are more flexible than HEVs? (5)

4. Mention the different sub-systems of EV. (5)

5. Explain with diagram the general configuration of EV. (5)
6. Explain with diagrams EV drive train alternatives based on drive train configuration. (5)
7. Explain with diagrams EV drive train alternatives based on power source configuration. (5)
8. Briefly explain with diagram the key features of complex hybrid configuration. (5)

9. What is the purpose of using different power electronic converters in EV or HEVs? What is the
basic design procedure of DC-DC converters? (3+2)

10. What are isolated converters? Why isolated converters are very much necessary for EVs and
HEVs? (2+3)

11. Make a comparison in terms of their parameters between Buck, Boost & Buck-Boost converters.
(5)
12. A buck-boost converter has following parameters:
Vs = 24 V; L= 20 µH; D= 0.4 ; C = 80 µF ; R = 5 ohm ; f = 100 kHz. Determine the output voltage,
average inductor current, maximum and minimum inductor current and the output voltage ripple. (5)

13. Design a buck converter to produce an o/p voltage of 18V across a 10 ohm load resistor. The o/p
voltage ripple must not exceed 0.5 %. The DC supply voltage is 48V. Design for continuous inductor
current. Specify the duty ratio, the switching frequency, the values of the inductor and capacitor, the
peak voltage rating of each device and the rms current in the inductor and capacitor. Assume ideal
components. (5)

14. A boost converter has input voltage of 5V and it operates at 20 kHz. When the average output
voltage Vo = 10V, the average load current Io = 0.8 A ; L = 100 µH and C = 147 µF. Determine : a)
Duty cycle b) ripple inductor current c) max current that flows through the inductor Imax. d) Ripple
voltage across capacitor e) critical value of inductor and capacitor (5)

15. A buck converter has input voltage of 220V and it operates at 500 Hz. The average load current is
50 A. The load resistance is 2 ohms. Determine the value of inductance to limit the maximum peak to
peak ripple current through inductor of 10 %. Also find out the value of inductor for maximum ripple
current. (5)

16. Design a boost converter that will have an output of 30 V from a 12 V source. Design for
continuous inductor current and output ripple voltage of less than 1 %. The load resistance is 50 ohms.
Assume ideal components for this design. (5)

17. What is the purpose of using multi-input DC-DC converter in EVs and HEVs? Classify multi
input DC-DC converters. (2+3)

18. What is the difference between primary and secondary cells? Explain with examples. Why cells
are connected in series or parallel or series-parallel combination in any EV or HEV applications?
Explain with examples. (2+3)

19. When cells are connected in series and parallel which ratings of the battery is increased
respectively? What are the components of a battery pack used in EV or HEV? (2+3)

20. What is C rate? Is C rate constant for battery charging and discharging? What is the difference
between fast charging and slow charging in terms of C rate? (2+1+2)

21. Write a short note on State of Charge (SOC) and depth of discharge (DoD). (5)

22. Write down the names of major types of rechargeable batteries considered for EV and HEV
applications. What are specific energy, specific power and energy density of a battery? (2+3)

23. What are the charge capacity and energy capacity of a battery? Derive the relationship between
charge and energy capacity. (5)

24. What is calendar life of a battery and how is it dependent on self-discharge rate of the battery?
What is the second life of battery? (3+2)
25. What are the parameters on which the life cycle of a battery depends? What are the conditions to
be maintained to obtain the maximum no. of cycles from Li-ion battery? (2+3)

26. Write short note on BMS with its block diagram. (5)

27. Define life cycle of a battery. What is EOL and BOL? (2+3)

28. What are the control strategies taken to vary the duty cycle in a DC-DC converter? (5)

29. Find out the battery charge capacity in Ahr if battery voltage is 48 V and its energy capacity is
15kWhr. What is Coulomb counting method of SOC calculation of a battery? (3)

30. How many cells are there in a 2012 Tesla Model S EV? What is the cell matrix of the battery-pack
of this this car? (1+4)