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Design and Implementation of Solar Power Wireless Battery Charger

Conference Paper · May 2019

DOI: 10.1109/ICASERT.2019.8934579

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 1st International Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering and Robotics Technology 2019 (ICASERT 2019)

Design and Implementation of Solar Power Wireless

Battery Charger
1Abu
Shufian, 1Md. Mominur Rahman, 2Koushik Ahmed, 1Riadul Islam, 1Mahmodul Hasan, and 1Toufiqul Islam
1,2Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
1American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
2Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh

shufian2aiub@gmail.com, mominur18aiub@gmail.com, koushik5699@gmail.com, riadul999@gmail.com, mahmodul033@gmail.com, and

toufiq.sajib@gmail.com

Abstract—This paper deals with wireless power transmission
technology. A battery of an electronic device will be charged
wirelessly. The solar panel converts the sun light into electrical
energy. Power from a solar panel is sent through a transmitter
circuit and received by a receiver circuit wirelessly based on
Faraday’s law of induction. As magnetic resonance coupling is
more efficient and useful than magnetic inductive coupling, in
this paper, magnetic resonant coupling is used. There are a
transmitter and receiver coil. The transmitter coil is driven at
the same frequency of the resonant frequency of the receiver
coil. For those reasons, the LC tuned circuit has been built to
maintain the same frequency. As power is transmitted
wirelessly, some power is wasted. As a result, efficiency is
decreased to only 11 %. After all, it will be a future charging
solution in the modern world. With the help of wireless battery
charger technology, power can be supplied to the electric cars,
drones, hospital’s equipment, and smartphones. This device also
helps to reduce the necessity of using wires.
Keywords— copper coil, inductive coupling, receiver coil,
resonant, solar power, transmitter coil, wireless battery charger.
I. INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is a very environment-friendly power source
and one type of renewable energy. Besides that, the charge
controller makes it more efficient for use as it gives the
necessary maximum power to the battery or appliances. Solar
panel uses photovoltaic cells that convert light energy from
the source of light into electricity. This renewable energy can
be used for various purposes, i.e. to run the home appliances,
to operate machines and motors. In this study, solar power is
used to charge batteries wirelessly. Wireless power
transmission system follows the rules of inductive coupling by
Faraday's laws. Where transmitting power is converted into
high frequencies AC current that is sent to a transmitter coil
for which magnetic field is created. The same magnetic field
produces current within the receiver coil. This current is
converted into usable DC current. Normally wired charger
charges batteries but some devices such as, electric toothbrush
which is not suitable for a wired charger. Mobile phones can
also be charged by wireless, charger station can offer this type
of feature.
The solar or photovoltaic system is a very effective energy
resource that has established a great impact on the society and
industries. In remote areas, it is quite difficult for people to
charge their devices because of unavailability of electricity.
With this proposed system, it is possible to charge any device
without electricity. In this study, an inductive coupling has
been used which creates a magnetic field between two objects
and transfers energy from source to receiver. With this energy,
the battery can be charged without any physical connection.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW WITH IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION
Transmitting power through a wireless system was
invented by Faraday. His research was about current
conduction in the wire. If current flows through one wire of a
conductor then another wire near to it will gain some current
as well. For this, the second wire has to be placed very near to
the current carrying wire. This principle was developed by
Tesla who built towers to transmit power through the entire
world. But the project was unsuccessful because his sponsor
discontinued providing financial support for the transmission.
The reason for this was, the experiment results were not
satisfactory [1].
Many research work has been done for wireless power
transmission. A wireless sensor network along with a charging
car can increase the lifespan of a network with the help of
wireless power conversion technology. The wireless energy
can be radiated in every direction as well as a specific
direction. So, the charging model can be divided into two
model, point-to-point and point-to-multipoint [2]. An ideal
case was first mentioned by assuming zero traveling time for
the charger. A provably near-optimal solution was obtained
based on the discretization and logic point representation
techniques. Finding the shortest Hamiltonian cycle helps to
discover the moving path of the original problem.A feasible
solution is derived with this moving path [3]. Research had
been done in the same field and the proposed device’s
efficiency was very high [4]. In a project named “Automatic
wireless mobile charger”, the researchers tried to develop a
better device to deliver power wirelessly [5]. One more study
states that mobile will be charged automatically and wirelessly
through radio frequency harvesting [6]. The demand for fossil
fuel is increasing day by day. An electric vehicle, developed
by wireless technology can lessen the use of fossil fuel [7]. A
wireless remote control sysem is applied for protection of the
linear generator where the electrical power is supplied from a
solar panel connected with a battery and a charger [8]. Another
automatic portable grass cutter machine is proposed in which
a solar panel, a charger and a battery are used for power supply
[9].
In recent years, it has been proved that electricity can be
transferred at a distance of about two meters. The efficiency
of this technology is 40% where 60% power was wasted.
Later, the efficiency has been improved [5].
III. METHODOLOGY AND MODELING
Wireless power transmission means transferring power
without physical wire. Transmission is possible for inductive
coupling. The system implementation is done in two parts, one
is transmitting side and another one is receiving side.

978-1-7281-3445-1/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE

 Firstly, solar array takes energy from the sun. Then, this
DC power goes to maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
Secondly, MPPT looks at the output of the panels and
compress it to the battery voltage. Actually, it figures out what
is the best power that the panel can put out to charge the
battery and converts received voltage to the best voltage to get
maximum ampere into the battery. Thirdly, maximum DC
power goes to the wireless charger circuit. In there, wireless
battery charging uses an inductive or magnetic field between
two objects. At the receiver end, a typical battery is connected.
Finally, the battery will be charged. Part by part
implementation has been described below.
Battery PV panel
USB port Charge controller
Receiver Transmitter
Inductive
coupling
Fig. 1. Block diagram for wireless battery charger.
A. Transmitter Side
Transmitter side is comprised of IC 555 timer, general
purpose transistor BC547, n-channel MOSFET IRF540N,
some capacitors, some resistors, and a tuned LC circuit. This
tuned LC circuit is also called the tank circuit.
Fig. 2. Design of a transmitter circuit for this system.
B. Solar Setup for Power Supply
During the hardware implementation portion, a storage
device is required to store the produced energy by
photovoltaic cells.
VOC=19.7V ISC=0.8A
(a) (b)
Fig. 3. (a) Measurement of open circuit voltage, (b) measurement of short
circuit current.
A battery is a common storage device which is used to
store electrical energy produced by photovoltaic cells. To
charge a battery by using a solar PV, a charge controller is an
important device. Therefore, it will be necessary to connect a
charge controller in series between the solar panels and the
battery.
C. Setup of Voltage Regulator
The voltage regulator IC 7805 maintains a constant
voltage output for fluctuating of an input voltage and the
output voltage is +5 volt. It has 3 pins. Pin number 1 is for
input, pin number 3 is for output and pin number 2 is for
ground. In this system, pin number 1 is connected with the
source as well as a capacitor C5. It is also connected with the
tuned LC circuit.
Pin number 2 is connected with capacitor C5 and C6 and
then connected with the ground. Pin number 3 is connected
with capacitor C6 and also connected with IC 555 timer
through its pin number 4.
7805
Input GND Output
(a) (b)
Fig. 4. (a) Voltage regulator setup, (b) voltage regulator IC.
D. Setup of IC 555 Timer
This is an integrated circuit which is used for pulse
generation purpose. There are three types of moods of a timer
IC, i.e. Astable, Monostable, Bistable. In this system, Astable
mood is used. It puts out a continuous spectrum of rectangular
pulses. Each pulse has a specified frequency.
In this system, pin 1 is grounded. Triggering pin 2 is
shorted with pin 6 and also connected with a capacitor C6. A
transistor is connected with resistor R3 and pin 3. Pin 4 is
connected with pin 3 of voltage regulator IC 7805. A grounded
capacitor C4 is connected with controlling voltage pin 5. The
threshold pin 6 and discharging pin 7 is connected through a
single register R2. Pin 8 is shorted with 4.
(a) (b)
Fig. 5. (a) Setup of IC 555 timer, (b) rectifier setup of the system.
E. Tuned LC Circuit (transmitting end)
The tuned LC circuit is made with capacitors C1 and C2.
An inductor is parallelly connected with C1 and C2. This
inductor is made with 45 turns of copper wire. The diameter
of copper coil is 7.3 cm. This circuit acts as a load circuit. It
determines the frequency of oscillation. For this tuned circuit,
both the transmitter and receiver circuit is inductively coupled.
A voltage is induced at both transmitter and receiver circuit.
F. Receiver End
Transmitted oscillating induced voltage from the magnetic
field is received here. The induced voltage is used to charge
the battery. In the receiving part, some equipment are used
such as LC tuned circuit, a current regulator IC MC34063,
Schottky diode 1N5819, and some passive equipment.
Buck converter helps to maintain the adjustable voltage
and current. Switch collector pin 1 is shorted with driver
collector pin 8 and Ipk pin 7, then the common point of them
is connected with resistor R8. Switch emitter pin 2 is
connected with a diode and an inductor. Then, the other parts
of the inductor are connected with two capacitor C12 and C13.
A load is connected with this common point of two capacitors.
IV. SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE INTERFACE
Transmitter side is assembled with a solar panel, two IC,
transistors, and some other passive devices. The receiver side
is assembled with a rectifier, one IC and some passive
components. The range of source voltage should be 06 volt to
20 volts. And current should be maintained up to 1 ampere.

Fig. 6. Receiver side of the proposed system.

G. Tuned LC Circuit (receiving end)

An inductor made of 50 turns of copper wire is parallelly
connected with two capacitors C7 and C8. Rotating magnetic
flux comes over this copper coil. This coil is assembled with
7.3 cm in diameter.

Fig. 9. Circuit diagram for transmitter side.

(a) (b)
Fig. 7. (a) Copper coil for transmitting end, (b) Copper coil for receiving end.

H. Setup of Bridge Rectifier

A bridge rectifier is made with 4 diodes. Tuned LC circuit
is connected with the rectifier. This bridge rectifier extracts
DC current from the rotating magnetic field. The rectifier is
connected with C9 capacitor. Here, DC voltage is ripple free
for that capacitor. Rectifier setup has been shown in Fig. 5(b).
I. Setup of IC MC34063 Fig. 10. Circuit diagram for receiver side.
This IC is a buck/boost converter. In this system, it works
as a buck converter.

Switch Drive
1 8
controller collector
Transmitting
Switch 2 7 Ipk sense end
emitter
MC34063A
Timing Copper
3 6 Vcc Solar
capacitor coil
Comparator
panel
GND 4 5 inverting
input
Mobile Receiving
phone end
Fig. 8. Buck-boost converter IC.
Fig. 11. Final setup for solar power wireless battery charger.
 Table I. COMPONENTS OF SOLAR POWER WIRELESS BATTERY CHARGER.
Components Amount
ICMC34063 1 pcs
Heat sink 2 pcs
3.3 resistor 10 pcs
Copper wire 25 Gauge
Solar panel 1 pcs
1n 4007 diode 4 pcs
IC 555 timer 1 pcs
Capacitor 8 pcs Fig. 14. Wave shape for the output voltage.
Inductor 3 pcs
VI. CALCULATION
PCB 2 pcs
As the IC 555 timer is wired in “astable multivibrator” so,
Schottky diode 1 pcs pulse oscillation has to calculate. It is known that there are
BC547 (General purpose NPN three modes for IC 555 timer, i.e. bistable, monostable,
1 pcs
transistor)
LM7805 (Series voltage regulator,
astable. Astable multivibrator puts out a continuous stream of
5V)
1 pcs rectangular pulses.
IRF540N (N-channel MOSFET) 1 pcs

V. RESULTS ANALYSIS
This proposed model is related to wireless power
transmission. Power transmission happens because of the
electromagnetic field. Transmitter side receives the input solar
power and converts it into an oscillating magnetic field with
the help of copper coil. At the receiver end, this oscillating
magnetic field creates an induced voltage and finally, the
battery of a device is charged.
The charging operation of a mobile phone is shown in Fig.
12. Fig. 15. Transmitter Circuit of the system.

Now, high time or charging time for each pulse

= ln(2)  C3  ( R1 + R2) (1)
= 0.693×0.01×10−6×(1000+3300)
= 29.79μ sec.
The low time or discharging time from each pulse
= ln(2)  C3 ( R1 + R2) (2)
= 0.693×0.01×10−6×(3300)
= 22.87μ sec.
The oscillating frequency of 555 timer IC or frequency of
pulse stream,
Fig. 12. Charging a mobile phone.
1
f = (3)
ln(2)  C 3  ( R1 + R 2)
= 18.94 kHz.
L-C tuned frequency for the transmitter,
1
Ft = (4)
2 LC

1
=
−6
2 180 10  0.2 10− 6
Fig. 13. Wave shape for the input voltage.
= 26 kHz.
 L-C tuned frequency for the receiver,
1 Basically, the wireless solar charger is designed to charge
Fr = (5)
2 LC
1
= With the development of the extended distance wireless
−6
2 180 10  0.2 10 −6
= 26 kHz.
Output voltage = 3.8 Volt and Output current = 0.35 A
Output power =Voltage × Current
= 3.8 V × 0.35 A
= 1.3312 watt
Input Voltage = 12 V and Input Current = 1 A
Input power = Input Voltage × Input Current
= 12 V × 1 A
= 12 watt
Now, Efficiency = Output power / Input power
= 1.3312 / 12
= 0.11
= 11%
In this study, the efficieny is low (11%) because power
loss occurs due to the power transferring process through
some passive devices.
VII. ADVANTAGES OVER THE TRADITIONAL MODEL
The handset is usually charged these days by using
electricity, generated and supplied from different power
stations. But this proposed system does not need any
connection with this type of conventional power sources to
charge a handset. The handset will be charged through solar
power. So, additional electricity is no longer needed to charge
a phone’s battery. In addition, this wireless system does not
require any wire to connect with the device for charging.
Handset just needs to drop onto the charging dock and things
start working without having to plug anything into the phone.
This is significantly easier than traditional wired charging
method. So, plugging and unplugging a cable is no longer
necessary in every time to charge a phone.
VIII. LIMITATIONS OF THE SYSTEM
As we know, nothing is perfect and long lasting in today’s
world. Same goes with wireless charging. One of the main
reason behind unsuccessful of wireless charging on extended
large distance. The charging transmitter still needs to be
connected to a power source so we cannot be moved
everywhere. Certain wireless chargers cannot reach the same
level of efficiency as traditional charging, so the process tends
to be slower. As our project is solar based so sometimes it is
very difficult to produce sufficient power as needed. In
addition, the heat generation of wireless charging technologies
is generally higher with the conventional charging method.
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IX. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
the mobile battery. But in the future, by making some
modifications, it can be used for different portable devices,
for example, Laptop, iPad, digital camera, electric vehicles.
charging, it is possible to charge the devices by walking
outside on the street. It will work like a hotspot area similar
to a Wi-Fi hotspot, the device gets charging while users are
walking or speaking. Now, wireless charging would allow the
vehicles to power up. This wireless charging vehicle would
not use plugs or charging cords. Drivers would park their
electric vehicles over a wireless energy source. Then the
system will automatically transfer power to the battery
charger on the vehicle. These electrochemical high rate
batteries can be used for wireless charging vehicles. So within
very short times vehicles will be charged.
X. CONCLUSION
Solar power wireless charger can charge the battery very
efficiently without any wire. This wireless charging system is
ideal to use for many portable devices such as mobile phones
and other wireless applications. This study is based on solar
power and wireless technology. So during load shedding and
traveling, electronic devices can be easily charged without any
wire and charger. This system is actually very efficient and
environment friendly.
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