r ..,_.-.

•
ROMl\,
'-f ,; uf
I
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I' VV:u.stA

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j < •1

- ...

SICILIA

Quintus in Apiilia habitat. Apiilia est in

Romanus. Italia.

\' -'

. .. -

haec femina est Scintilla. Scintilla mater '

Scintilla in casa I borat. cce! in hac •

est. pictiira Scintill in culina est; cenam

parat. •

II .- - I
'
•
y ""
-
I
..,.
,,. .
_

'------'

•I

C .. e...
-
_ . .,.

I
I

·I •

•
. I
' .

haec puella est Horatia. Horatia filia est. Horatia in culina est. ecce! in hac pictura
Scintillam iuvat.

7
 · . . . . SO if OU
O
know
the English words, you will soon grasp the meaning t e
words. For instance
habitat habitation, inhabit pictiira picture
laborat labour •

•
•

Scintilla in culina lab6rat; cenam parat. Scintilla fessa fessa tired

est; ad ianuam it et Horatiam vocat. puella culinam it she goes •

intrat et Scintillam saliitat; Scintillam iuvat. Quintus

hidit he is playing; es rit is
culinam intrat. n6n lab6rat sed liidit. puer esurit; s- 1 t' n·+ .:.J, ,,.:,; .J ,,,_
hungry e v 1,,
· •

· cenam videt. Scintilla in hortum exit et Horatiam videt he sees; in hortum into
vocat.. the garden; exit goes out
Quintus cenam rapit et exit. Scintilla in culinam redit; rapit seizes; redit returns
cenam n6n videt; Quintum vocat, sed puer n6n respondet replies
irata angry; alia1n another
respondet. Scintilla irata est; aliam cenam parat. •

V Leam the following words. Give an English word that

comes from the La ·n wherever you can
puella girl
-
DO D not
•

parat prepares \
et and t-el\a.lort
vocat - dinner \
calls cena t

sed · but
'I •
)
c n,t./t:. I

intrat·-· enters ianua-:door 1

· helps •
poer· boy- \ I

ad to
•
•
•

iuvat
rilia daughter I
saliitat greets •

\.. •
•
• •

labor.. at works
•
•
•

-
,

G Subject, object, verb

•

Sentences tend to be of the f01&1n '

•

.s
•

•
s V
•
V

(Someone) (is-doing-something) .
Quintus is helping Quintus iuvat. •

is working. Scintilla laborat.

•

Scintilla •
•

Column s gives the answer to the question

Who is doing something? , .
•

We call this the subject. •

•

What is doing? •

We call this the verb.

•
•
 •

•••
•
•

•
 Note: Scintilla in casa lab or at · Horatia1n vocat.
- in-
Scintilla is working the - ' She calls Horatia. .
house;
laborat= either 'she works' or 'she is working' (English has two •

forms of the verb, Latin only one). . . .

Very often there is no separate word for the subject 1n a Latin
,sentence: laborat he/she works. Columns and column v come •

together here: s+v, e.g. •

s v s+v
• • •
•
•

•
•
Scintilla lab6rat; cenam parat. •

Many sentences have a column o.

• •
•

S V O S O V
Scintilla is calling Quintus Scintilla Quintum vocat.
Scintilla· is preparing dinner Scintilla cenam parat.
• •

Column ogives the answer to the question

•

What is Scintilla calling/preparing?

. We call this the object.

•

•
Notice that in Latin the noun endings change: •

•
S O V
•

Scintill cenam parat. •

These changes in noun endings are called cases and have na1nes.
The subject ·case is called nominative.
•

The object case is called accusative.

•

•
•
•
In the example above
Scintill! (subject) ends•!(nominative case). •

cenam (object) ends -am (accusative case). '

SO.puell! is nominative (subject); puella1n is accusative (object). •

• •
•

In what case are the following nouns? •

ianuam, filia, cena, puellam, Horatia •

Exercise 1.1 Exercise 1. 2 •

)
Copy out the Latin of each of the
following sentences and mark 's' over·the Copy out the fallowing sentences in :
subject, 'o' over the object, and 'v' over Latin. Fill in the blanks with the
the-verb. We call this to 'analyse' the correct endings and translate
•

sentences. Then·translate them 1 Horati-in culina laborat.

•

1 Scintilla cenam parat. 2 puella Scintill-vocat. ·

2 Scintilla filia1n vocat. 3 Scintill- culin- intrat.
4 Scintilla puell- salutat.
•

3 puella casam intrat.

5 Scintill- filia111 iuvat.
•

4 Horatia Scintillam saliitat. •

- puella.Scintillam iuvat.
•

• 9
•
•
 •
•
-

Exercise 1.3 · Exercise ·1.4 -

-
• -

. .,. 1.e. no
Translate into Latin
1 Horatia helps Scintilla. · ill be
2 Scintilla greets Horatia.
3 The girl calls Scintilla. 0 s+v ·
4 Julia enters the house; she closes cenam para
the •

door.
she closes claudit

,t ,t-
I f'°' JP'
t
--1 vocat.
-
•
I,;
•

\
-
•
•

The Latin poet Quintus Horatius Flaccus was born in Ve usia, a large
• •

• • town in Apulia in south east Italy, on 8 December 65 BC. In his poetry •

he tells us a great deal abeut himself and this book gives the story of •

his life. From now on we shall call him by the English version of his
• • •

name, Horace. He came from a very humble background, though he

- was later -to know the Roman Emperor and other great men. We •

•
know nothing about his mother and have invented the name of
Scintilla for her, but Horace tells us.inuch about his father, whom he •

loved and admired. He was an auctioneer who owned a small fa1·111.

•

•
•

•
•

•
•
•

He was also a freedman. , •

•

• I

-
'
· A freedman was somebody who had been a slave and then been •

given his freedom. The ancient Roman world depended heavily on

•

I- .
· slave labour. Men and women pecame slaves by being captured in war
I -
'I

or by pirat s. There was a flourishing slave-trade and it is said that at

' ..one of its main centres, the Greek island of Delos, 20,000 slaves
II
•

,
changed hands in a day. .- •

• Once a master
• h.ad bought his slaves, any children of the slaves .-
', • '
' •.

became his property as well. Sla,ves perfo1·111ed household tasks or

•

.' or work in the mines, his life was very unpleasant indeed.
• •
•

•
their slaves to work hard and be loyal was to show them kindness. ·
•

•
•

•
•
•

•
•
•
10 • •

•
•
 •
•
•

still alive or in their wills. In fact almost

all slaves who had a reasonably close
relationship with their master could
expect to be set free quite soon.
Though slaves won Roman
citizenship with their freedom, they were
expected to show obedience and loyalty
to their former owner, who became their •

'patron' instead of their 'master'. Most

freedmen lived humble lives but some
gained considerable money, power, and
influence. •

Horace himself, the son of a

•
• •

•
-1:.i,•·
'.

freedman, was never allowed to forget

that his father had been a slave. There
were always people about who would
look down on some.body with his
• background, e.ven though he was a • •

Roman citizen and was accepted at

the Emperor's court.
•
.I.·-.
•

. . • ..•
·" •
•
•

- - -. - .
• •
• .-'.. •
·,
-: . ; -! -- ,
•
. , .. ,/ , ,,\'• • •
•.
•
·-·
•,

, 't .
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'l
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s•. : .. \ ,

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• •
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• • •

• •

,T •

A Roman nobleman carrying busts of his ancestors

'

- .

. '

• ,
11