Engine

Fact Sheet D12D460, EM-ECPT4

The D12D460 is a 460 hp, 12 litres straight, six-cylinder

diesel engine with turbo and intercooler. The engine meets EU
regulations regarding exhaust emission according to Euro 3.
D12D460, EM-ECPT4 has further reduced emissions for
oxides of nitrogen (NOx). This engine is approved for four
(4) ECO-points according to the Austrian regulations.

The D12D is a new generation of Volvo’s well-proven and

sturdy D12 engine. The D12D is equipped with renewed
fuel injection and the Volvo EMS engine control system
for optimal combustion and low emission.
D12D460 is fitted with a common cylinder head, four
valves per cylinder, overhead camshaft and electronically
controlled unit injectors. There are exchangeable wet
cylinder liners. Modified cooling of cylinder liners and
cylinder head provides improved heat dissipation.
The efficient combustion is made possible through high
charge pressure from the turbo charger, high compression
and precision-controlled high-pressure injection.
The introduction of the second generation unit injectors
with improved injection characteristics, combined with
extensive improvement of the combustion system, makes
the D12D in the Euro 3 version still highly competitive
regarding to efficiency and service intervals, now extended.
The engine is developed for heavy and demanding tran-
sports on hilly roads especially within long haul traffic.
The following product features characterise the D12D460:
• Electronic engine management, EMS, with precise fuel
injection, results in efficient combustion with low
emission values.
• Vertical centrally located unit injectors result in
symmetrical distribution of the fuel.
• From an electronic sensor, the oil level can be read on
the driver’s graphic display.
• Engine brake – VEB – compression brake and exhaust
brake with high brake efficiency and improved Power, kW

adjustment.
• Various power take-offs are available for a directly 360

driven hydraulic pump (option). 338 kW 1500-1800 r/min

(460 hp metric) Net output
according to:
340 ¥ ISO 1585
¥ Dir. 89/491/EEC
¥ ECE Reg 85

320
Torque, Nm

Specification 300 2400

Designation ............................... D12D460, EM-ECPT4 2200 Nm

1100-1450 r/min 2200
Max output at 1500-1800 r/min ........ 338 kW (460 HP)
280

Max engine speed ........................................ 1900 r/min 260 2000

Max torque at 1100-1450 r/min ..................... 2200 Nm
No. of cylinders .......................................................... 6 240 1800

Bore ................................................................. 131 mm

Stroke .............................................................. 150 mm 220 1600

Displacement ..................................................12.1 dm3

1400
Compression ratio ...............................................18.1:1
200
Spec. Fuel
consumption
Exhaust brake output at 2300 r/min ................. 160 kW 180 Economy
g/kWh

Engine brake output (VEB)* at 2300 r/min ...... 285 kW

1100-1700 r/min

Economy engine speeds ...................... 1100-1700 r/min 160 220

Engine oil capacity, including filter .................... 33-38 l 210

No. of oil filters ........................... 2 full-flow, 1 by-pass 200

Cooling system, total volume ................................. 44 l 192 g/kWh ECPT4

190

Weight ..........................................................1115 kg
180

*VEB (Volvo Engine Brake) is available as an option. 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 r/min

2004-11-02 ENG Version 02


Fact Sheet
Electronic engine management
integrated into the vehicle’s
electrical system
The D12D engine is fitted with Volvo
EMS (Engine Management System),
which means that the engine’s functions
are completely electronically
controlled. EMS provides efficient
engine management and advanced
capability for diagnostics and fault-
tracing. The engine’s control unit is
connected to the vehicle’s electrical
system’s data links, and information is
presented in an easy-to-read display
on the instrument panel.
The engine control unit is located in
an aluminium housing on the left side
of the engine, where the electronic
components are cooled by the fuel via
a built-in cooling coil. The engine’s
wiring has been gathered in one place
and is well-protected in a wiring ter-
minal located under the inlet manifold.
The graphical display inform the driver about
for example engine oil temperature
Electronically controlled fuel
injection results in low emission
values.
In order to allow operating data to be
registered, the engine is fitted with
several sensor functions. The engine
control module compares current
readings with stored data and regulates
the amount of fuel and the injection
timing.
The entire combustion process is pre-
cision-controlled in all operating
situations, resulting in low fuel
consumption and a minimum of noise
and exhaust emissions.
The engine meets the EU regulations
regarding exhaust emission according
to the requirements and additional
requirements for Euro 3 and the
Austrian regulations for 4 ECO-points.
Unit injectors with quick
injection provide efficient
combustion
D12D460 is equipped with unit
injectors with a 17-mm pump stroke,
which results in high injection pressure.
The high pressure is created
mechanically through a rocker arm,
which is driven by the overhead
camshaft. The centrally located
injector has been renewed and prov-
ides a quick and well-controlled
injection with symmetrical distribu-
tion of the fuel in the combustion
chamber.
The cylinder head has only one com-
mon fuel channel to the injectors and
large diameter inlet channels and valves
for low pressure drop.
Designed for high reliability and
long service life
The D12D engine is built for a long
and reliable service life. It is provided
with a common cylinder head with a
steel gasket and with induction-
hardened camshaft and crankshaft.
The camshaft is equipped with a vi-
bration damper to reduce sound out-
put. The heavy-duty cylinder block is
also fitted with reinforcement ribs of
nodular iron, a design feature that
also offers lower noise levels and less
vibration.
Engine-mounted fuel filter with water
separator is available as option.
Engine
D12D460, EM-ECPT4
Sturdy two-part articulated
piston provides optimal sealing
D12D460 is equipped with a two-part
articulated piston. The articulated
piston crown is made of steel and the
body is made of aluminium. Both the
piston crown and the body have
separate bearings on the gudgeon pin.
An articulated piston results in even
piston temperature and allows less
piston ring play, due to better sealing
of the piston rings. This contributes
among other things to lower oil
consumption.
The engine is equipped with piston
cooling. The upper section of the pis-
ton and the piston ring zone are cooled
efficiently as oil is sprayed underneath
the piston.
Well-dimensioned cooling
system with high efficiency
The thermostat is integrated in the
cylinder head, providing a compact
construction.
The engine has wet cylinder liners for
efficient heat dissipation. They are
exchangeable and are made without a
flame edge. D12D has improved
internal cooling for the cylinder head
and for the oil system. Inside the
engine, all the calibrated cooling
channels co-operate in order to bring
about a balanced cooling process. The
cooling flow is distributed between
the lower and upper cooling casings
and the cylinder head.