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MATHEMATICS PAPER IB

COORDINATE GEOMETRY(2D &3D) AND CALCULUS.

TIME : 3hrs Max. Marks.75

m
Note: This question paper consists of three sections A,B and C.

co
SECTION A

n.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS. 10X2 =20

tio
1. Show that the straight lines (a –b)x + (b –c) y = c – a, (b-c) x+ (c-a)y= (a – b)
and (c –a)x + (a – b)y b - c are concurrent.

ca
1 2
2. Find the angle between the following straight lines y = 3x 5, y x
3 3
du
3. Find the coordinates of the vertex C of ABC if its centroid is the origin and
ie

the vertices A, B are (1, 1, 1) and (–2, 4, 1) respectively.

4. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1) and parallel to
sh

the plane
x + 2y + 3z – 7 = 0.
ak

5. Compute ax 1
Lt x
a 0, b 0, b 1.
x 0b 1

3x 1
.s

Lt
6. x 0 1 x 1
w

dy
7. y log tan 5x ,find .
dx
w

1 dy
8. If y cot cos ec 3x find .
dx
w

9. Find approximate value of 3 7.8

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10. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the following functions. x2 – 1 on [–1, 1]

SECTION B
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS.

m
ANSWER ANY FIVE OF THE FOLLOWING 5 X 4 = 20
11. Find the equation of locus of a point, the difference of whose distances from (–

co
5, 0) and (5, 0) is 8 units.
1 1 2h
12. Show that the axes are to be rotated through an angle of Tan so as
2 a b

n.
to removethexy term from the equation ax 2 2hxy by 2 0 , if a b and

tio
through the angle , if a = b
4

ca
13. Line L has intercepts a and b on the axes of co-ordinates. When the axes are
rotated through a given angle, keeping the origin fixed, the same line L has
1 1 1 1
intercepts p and q on the transformed axes. Prove that .
du
a2 b2 p2 q2
ie

a 2x 3x
Lt
x a 3a x 2 x
14. Evaluate
sh

15. find the derivative of the function f x cos2 x from first principle.
16. Find the value of k so that the length of the sub-normal at any point on the curve x.yk ak 1
ak

is constant.

17. The volume of a cube is increasing at the rate of 8 cm3/sec. How fast is the
.s

surface area increasing when the length of an edge is 12 cm?

w

SECTION C
w

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS.

ANSWER ANY FIVE OF THE FOLLOWING 5 X 7 = 35.
w

18. Find the equation of the straight lines passing through the point (-3,2) and
making an angle of 45 with the straight line 3x – y + 4 =0.

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19. The product of the perpendiculars from ( , ) to the pair of lines ax 2 2hxy by 2 0 is
2 2

m
a 2h b
2
a b 4h 2

co
20. Show that the straight lines represented by 3x2 + 48xy + 23y2 = 0 and 3x – 2y

n.
13
+ 13 =0 form an equilateral triangle of area sq. units.
3

tio
21. The vertices of a triangle are A(1, 4, 2), B(-2, 1, 2) C(2, 3, -4). Find A, B, C

ca
1 1 x2 1 x2 dy
22. If y Tan for 0 < |x| < 1, find .
1 x2 1 x2 dx
du
23. Find the angle between the curves x y 2 0; x 2 y 2 10y 0
ie

24. Find the point on the graph y2 = x which is the nearest to the point (4, 0).
sh

SOLUTIONS
ak

SECTION A

Show that the straight lines (a –b)x + (b –c) y = c – a, (b-c) x+ (c-a)y= (a – b)

.s

1.
and (c –a)x + (a – b)y b - c are concurrent.
Sol. Equations of the given lines are
w

L1=(a – b) x + (b – c) y - c + a=0 --- (1)

L2=(b – c) x + (c – a) y - a + b=0 --- (2)
w

L3=(c – a) x + (a – b) y - b + c=0 --- (3)

w

If three lines L1, L2, L3 are concurrent , then there exists non zero real numbers
1, 2 , 3 , such that 1L1 2 L2 3L3 0 .
Let 1 1, 2 1, 3 1 , then 1.L1 1.L2 1.L3 0

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Hence the given lines are concurrent.

2. Find the angle between the following straight lines
1 2
y= 3x 5, y x
3 3

m
Sol. slope of 1st line is m1 3
1 1

co
Slope of 2nd line is m2 . m1m2 3 1.
3 3

The lines are perpendicular

n.
2

tio
3. Find the coordinates of the vertex C of ABC if its centroid is the origin and
the vertices A, B are (1, 1, 1) and (–2, 4, 1) respectively.
Sol. A(1, 1, 1), B(–2, 4, 1) and (x, y, z) are the vertices of ABC.
G is the centroid of ABC
ca
du
Coordinates of G are :
1 2 x 1 4 y 1 1 z
, , (0, 0, 0)
3 3 3
ie

x 1 y 5 z 2
0, 0, 0
3 3 3
sh

x 1 0, y 5 0, z 2 0
x 1, y 5, z 2
ak

Coordinates of c are (1, –5, –2).

4. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1) and parallel to the
.s

plane
x + 2y + 3z – 7 = 0.
w

Sol. Equation of the given plane is

w

x + 2y + 3z – 7 = 0
Equation of the parallel plane is
w

x + 2y + 3z = k

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This plane passing through the point P(1, 1, 1)

1+2+3=k k = –6
Equation of the required plane is

m
x + 2y + 3z = 6

co
5. Compute ax 1
Lt x
a 0, b 0, b 1.
x 0b 1

n.
ax 1
x
a 1 x
Sol : For x 0,
bx 1 bx 1

tio
x

ax 1

ca
Lt
a x
1 x 0 x log ea
Lt
x 0 bx 1 bx 1 logbe
Lt
x 0 x
du
3x 1
Lt
6. x 0 1 x 1
ie

3x 1
Lt
sh

x 0 1 x 1
Sol : 3x 1 1 x 1
Lt
x 0 1 x 1 1 x 1
ak

rationalise Dr.

3x 1 1 x 1
.s

Lt
x 0 1 x 1
x
3 1
w

Lt . Lt 1 x 1
x 0 x x 0
w

log 3 1 0 1 2.log 3
w

dy
7. y log tan 5x ,find .
dx

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sol :
dy d 1 d
log tan 5 x tan 5 x
dx dx tan 5 x dx

m
5sec2 5 x 1
5.
tan 5 x sin 5 x
cos2 5 x.

co
cos 5 x

10
2sin 5 x.cos5 x

n.
10
10.cos ec10 x
sin10 x

tio
1 dy
y cot cos ec 3x find .
dx
8. If

ca
dy d 1
cot cos ec 3x
dx dx
sol :
1 d
du
2
. cos ec 3x
1 cos ec dx
1 d 3.cos ec 3x. cot 3x
2
cos ec 3x.cot 3x 3x
dx cos ec 2 3x
ie

1 cos ec 3 x 1
sh

9. Find approximate value of 3 7.8

ak

3
Sol: Let x = 8, x 0.2, f (x) x
f (x x) f x f1 x x
.s

2
3 1 3. 3 1
x x x 8 2
0.2
= 3
3
w

3.8
2 0.0166 1.9834
10. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the following functions. x2 – 1 on [–1, 1]
w

Sol. Let f(x) = x2 – 1

w

f is continuous on [–1, 1]

since f(–1) = f(1) = 0 and

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f is differentiable on [–1, 1]

By Rolle’s theorem c ( 1,1)

m
Such that f (c) = 0

f (x) = 2x = 0

co
= f (c) = 0

n.
2c = 0 c=0

The point c = 0 (–1, 1)

tio
Then Rolle’s theorem is verified.

ca
SECTION B
11. Find the equation of locus of a point, the difference of whose distances from (–
5, 0) and (5, 0) is 8 units.
du
Sol. Given points are A(5, 0), B(–5, 0)
Let P(x, y) be any point in the locus
Given |PA – PB| = 8
ie

PA – PB = 8
PA = 8 + PB
sh

Squaring on both sides

PA2 = 64 + PB2 16PB
ak

(x – 5)2 + y2 – (x + 5)2 – y2 – 64 = 16PB

4 5 x – 64 = 16PB
–5x – 16 = 4PB
.s

Squaring on both sides

25x2 + 256 + 160x = 16(PB)2
w

= 16[(x+5)2 + y2]
= 16x2 + 400 + 160x + 16y2
w

9x2 – 16y2 = 144

w

Dividing with 144, locus of P is

9x 2 16y 2 x2 y2
1 1
144 144 16 9

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1 1 2h
12. Show that the axes are to be rotated through an angle of Tan so as
2 a b
to removethexy term from the equation ax 2 2hxy by 2 0 , if a b and

m
through the angle , if a = b
4

co
Sol: Given equation is ax 2 2hxy by 2 0
Since the axes are rotated through an angle , then x X cos Y sin ,
y X sin Y cos

n.
Now the transformed equation is
2 2
a X cos Y sin 2h X cos Y sin X sin Y cos b X sin Y cos 0

tio
a X 2 cos2 Y 2 sin 2 2 XY cos sin 2h X 2 cos sin XY cos 2 sin 2 Y 2 sin co

b X 2 sin 2 Y 2 cos 2 2 XY cos sin 0

AX 2 2 XY
It
a cos sin h cos2
is
sin 2
ca in
b cos sin BY 2 0
the form
du
Since XY term is to be eliminated, b a cos sin h cos2 sin 2 0
2h cos 2 2 a b sin cos a b sin 2 -------------(1)
ie

sin 2 2h
tan 2
cos 2 a b
sh

1 1 2h
Angle of rotation Tan
2 a b
ak

If a=b, then from (1) , 2h cos 2 0 cos 2 0 2

2 4
.s

13. Line L has intercepts a and b on the axes of co-ordinates. When the axes are
rotated through a given angle, keeping the origin fixed, the same line L has
w

1 1 1 1
intercepts p and q on the transformed axes. Prove that 2 2 2
.
a b p q2
w

Sol. Equation of the line in the old system in intercept form is

x y x y
w

1 1 0
a b a b

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| 0 0 1|
Length of the perpendicular form origin ---(1)
1 1
a2 b2
Equation of the line in the new system in intercept form is

m
x y x y | 0 0 1|
1 1 0 Length of the perpendicular form origin
p q p q 1 1

co
p2 q2

n.
tio
---(2)

Since the position of origin and the given line remain unchanged
,perpendicular distances in both the systems are same. ca
du
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a b p q a b p q2
ie

1 1 1 1
2 2 2
a b p q2
sh

a 2x 3x
Lt
x a 3a x 2 x
ak

14.
Sol. Rationalize both nr.and dr.
.s

a 2x 3x a 2x 3x
Lt
x a a 2x 3x
w

3a x 4x
3a x 4x 3a x 4x
w

a 2x 3x 3a x 4x a x 3a x 4x
Lt Lt
w

x a a 2x 3x 3a x 4x x a a 2x 3x 3 a x
2 2a 2
2 3a 3 3 3

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15. f x cos2 x

f x h f x
f1 x Lt
sol : h 0 h

m
1 cos 2 x h cos 2 x
f x Lt

co
h 0 h

cos2 x cos2 x h
Lt

n.
h 0 h
sin x h x sin x h x
Lt

tio
h 0 h
sin h
f' x Lt sin 2 x h Lt .

ca
h 0 h 0 h

sin 2 x.1 sin 2 x

16. Find the value of k so that the length of the sub-normal at any point on the curve x.yk ak 1
du
is constant.
Sol: Let P(x1,y1) be a point on the curve.
ie

Equation of the curve is x.yk ak 1 .

Differentiating w.r.to x
sh

dy dy
x.k.yk 1 yk .1 0 k.xyk 1. yk
dx dx
dy yk y
ak

dx k 1 kx
k.x.y
y1 y12
Length of the sub-normal = y1m = y1
kx1 kx1
.s

y12 y1k y1k 2

.
k ak 1 k.a k 1
w

Length of the sub-normal is constant at any point on the curve is independent of x1 and
w

y1k 2
is independent of y1 k 2 0 k 2
k .a k 1
w

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17. The volume of a cube is increasing at the rate of 8 cm3/sec. How fast is the
surface area increasing when the length of an edge is 12 cm?
Sol. Suppose ‘a’ is the edge of the cube and v be the volume of the cube.

m
v = a3 …(1)
dv
given 8cm3 / sec

co
dt

a = 12 cm

n.
Surface area of cube S = 6a2

tio
ds da
12a …(2)
dt dt

dv da

ca
From (1), 3a 2
dt dt

da
8 3(144)
du
dt

da 8
cm / s
dt 3(144)
ie

ds da
12a
dt dt
sh

8 8 8 2
12(12) 144 cm / s
3(144) 3(144) 3
ak

SECTION C
18. Find the equation of the straight lines passing through the point (-3,2) and
.s

making an angle of 45 with the straight line 3x – y + 4 =0.

Sol. Given point P (-3,2)
w

Given line 3x – y + 4 = 0 ------(1)

a
Slope m1 = - = 3
w

b
w

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m
Let m be the slope of the required line.

co
m 3
Then tan 45
1 3m
m 3 m 3
1 1

n.
1 3m 1 3m
m-3 = 1+ 3m 2m = -4 or m = -2

tio
m 3
=- m – 3 = - 1 – 3m
1 3m
4m = 2 m= ½

ca
case (1) m = - 2 and point (-3,2)
Equation of the line is
y -2 = -2(x + 3) = -2x – 6 2x + y + 4 = 0
du
1
case (2) m = ,point (-3,2)
2
Equation of the line is
ie

1
y–2= (x 3) 2y – 4 = x + 3 x -2y + 7 = 0
2
sh

19. The product of the perpendiculars from ( , ) to the pair of lines ax 2 2hxy by 2 0 is
2 2
a 2h b
ak

2
a b 4h 2
Proof: Let ax 2 2hxy by 2 0 represent the lines l1 x m1 y 0 -- (1) and l2 x m2 y 0 -- (2).
.s

Then l1l2 a , l1m2 l2m1 2h , m1m2 = b.

The lengths of perpendiculars from ( , ) to
w

l1 m1
the line (1) is p=
l12 m12
w

l2 m2
and to the line (2) is q=
w

l22 m22
The product of perpendiculars is

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l1 m1 l2 m2
pq = .
l12 m12 l22 m22
2 2
l1l2 (l1m2 l2 m1 ) m1m2

m
=
l12l22 l12 m22 l22 m12 m12 m22
2 2

co
a 2
2h b 2 a 2h b
= =
(l1l2 m1m2 ) 2
2l1l2 m1m2 (l1m2 l2 m1 ) 2
2l1m2l2 m1 ( a b ) 2 4h 2

n.
20. Show that the straight lines represented by 3x2 + 48xy + 23y2 = 0 and
13
3x – 2y + 13 =0 form an equilateral triangle of area sq. units.

tio
3
Sol. Equation of pair of lines is 3x 2 48xy 23y2 0 ………….(1)
Equation of given line is 3x – 2y + 13 = 0 ……(2)
slope = 3/2

the line (2) is making an angle of tan 1 3

ca
with the positive direction of x-axis.
du
2
Therefore no straight line which makes an angle of 600 with (2) is vertical.
ie

Let m be the slope of the line passing through origin and making an angle of 60 0
with line (2).
sh

3
m1 m2 m 3 2m
tan 60 0
3 2 3
1 m1m2 3 2 3m
ak

1 m
2
2
3 2m
Squaring on both sides , 3 23m2 48m 3 0 ,which is a quadratic
.s

2
2 3m

equation in m.
w

Let the roots of this quadratic equation be m1,m2, which are the slopes of the lines.
w

48 3
Now , m1 m2 and m1.m2 .
23 23
w

The equation of the lines passing through origin and having slopes m1,m2 are m1x
–y = 0 and m2x –y =0.

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Their combined equation is (m1x –y )( m2x –y )=0

m1m2 x 2 m1 m2 xyy 2 0
3 2 48
x xy y2 0

m
23 23
3 x 2 48 xy 23 y 2 0

co
Which is the given pair of lines.
Therefore, given lines form an equilateral triangle.

n.
n 2 h 2 ab 169 576 69
Area of
am2 2hlm bl 2 3 2
2
48.3 2 23 3
2

tio
169 507 169.13 3 13 3 13
sq.units.
12 288 207 507 3 3

ca
du
21. The vertices of a triangle are A(1, 4, 2), B(-2, 1, 2) C(2, 3, -4). Find A, B, C
ie
sh

Sol:

Vertices of the triangle are A 1, 4, 2 , B 2, 1, 2 , C 2, 3, 4

ak

D.rs of AB are 3, 3,0 i.e., 1, 1, 0

D.rs of BC are -4, -2, 5 i.e., 2, 1, -3
D.rs of AC are -1, 1, 6
.s

|1.2 1.0 0 3 | 3 3 1 3
cos ABC B cos
1 1 4 1 9 28 2 7 2 7
w

1 1 1.1 3 6 19 19 1 19
cos BCA C cos
4 1 9 1 1 36 19 28 28 28
w

| 1.1 1.1 6.0 |

cos CAB 0 A /2
w

1 1 36 1 1 0

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1 1 x2 1 x2
22. If y Tan for
1 x2 1 x2
dy
0 < |x| < 1, find .

m
dx
Sol. Put x2 = cos 2

co
1 1 cos 2 1 cos 2
y Tan
1 cos 2 1 cos 2

n.
1 2 cos 2 2sin 2
tan
2 cos 2 2sin 2

tio
1 cos sin
tan
cos sin

ca
1 1 tan
tan
1 tan
1
tan tan
du
4

4
ie

1
cos 1 (x 2 )
4 2
sh

dy 1 ( 1) x
2x
dx 2 1 x 4 1 x4
ak

23. Find the angle between the curves x y 2 0; x 2 y 2 10y 0

.s

Sol: x y 2 0 x y 2 ----(1)

Equation of the curve x 2 y2 10y 0 --(2)

w

2
Solving 1 and 2, y 2 y2 10y 0 y2 4y 4 y 2 10y 0
w

2y2 6y 4 0 y 2 3y 2 0 y 1 y 2 0
y 1 or y 2
w

x y 2
y 1 x 1 2 3

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y 2 x 2 2 4
The points of intersection are P 3,1 and Q 4, 2 ,
equation of the curve is x 2 y2 10y 0

m
Differente x 2 y2 10y 0 w.r.to x.
dy dy dy dy x

co
2x 2y 10 0 2 y 5 2x
dx dx dx dx y 5
Equation of the line is x y 2 0
Slope is m2= -1.

n.
Case (i):
dy 3 3

tio
slope m1 atP and Slope is m2 = -1.
dx 1 5 4
m1 m2
Let θ be the angle between the curves, then tan
1 m1m2
3
4
1
1
tan 1 1
ca
du
3 7 7
1
4
Case (ii):
ie

dy 4 4
slope m1 atQ and Slope is m2 = -1.
dx 2 5 3
4
sh

m1 m2 1
3 1
tan
1 m1m2 4 7
1
3
ak

1 1
tan
7
.s

24. Find the point on the graph y2 = x which is the nearest to the point (4, 0).
Sol.
w

Y
P(x,y)
P(x,y) P(x,y)
w

X
O A(4,0)
w

Let P(x, y) be any point on y2 = x and

A(4, 0). We have to find P such that PA is minimum. Suppose PA = D. The quantity to be minimized is D.

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D (x 4)2 (y 0) 2 …(1)
P(x, y) lies on the curve, therefore
y2 = x …(2)
from (1) and (2), we have

m
D (x 4)2 x

(x 2 7x 16) …(3)

co
D
Differentiating (3) w.r.t. x, we get
dD 2x 7 1

n.
dx 2 x 2 7x 16
dD
Now 0
dx

tio
Gives x = 7/2. Thus 7/2 is a stationary point of the function D. We apply the first derivative test to verify whether
D is minimum at x = 7/2
dD 1 1

ca
dx x 3 2 9 12 16
and it is negative
dD 1 1
du
dx x 4 2 16 28 16
and it is positive
dD
changes sign from negative to positive. Therefore, D is minimum at x = 7/2. Substituting x = 7/2 in (2) we
ie

dx
have y2 = 7/2.
sh

7
y
2
7 7 7 7
ak

Thus the points , and , are nearest to A(4, 0).

2 2 2 2
.s
w
w
w

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