Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C.

Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 56
Volumes of Borrow-Pit Excavation

Determine the volume in cubic meters of the borrow-pity sketched below. Corner
heights are in meters.

Solutions:
ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3 (5.0)(5.0) 4.1 + 4.4 + 5.8
𝑉𝐴 = 𝐴 ( ) = 𝑉𝐴 = ( )( ) = 𝑽𝑨 = 𝟓𝟗. 𝟓𝟖 𝒎𝟑
3 2 3
ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3 + ℎ4 4.4 + 4.9 + 6.2 + 5.8
𝑉𝐵 = 𝐴 ( ) = 𝑉𝐵 = (5.0)(5.0) ( ) = 𝑽𝑩 = 𝟏𝟑𝟑. 𝟏𝟑 𝒎𝟑
3 4
ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3 (5.0)(5.0) 5.8 + 6.2 + 6.2
𝑉𝐶 = 𝐴 ( ) = 𝑉𝐶 = ( )( ) = 𝑽𝑪 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟖𝟑 𝒎𝟑
3 2 3
ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3 + ℎ4 6.2 + 4.3 + 5.7 + 6.2
𝑉𝐷 = 𝐴 ( ) = 𝑉𝐷 = (5.0)(5.0) ( ) = 𝑽𝑫 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝟑
3 4
ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3 (5.0)(5.0) 6.2 + 5.7 + 4.8
𝑉𝐸 = 𝐴 ( ) = 𝑉𝐸 = ( )( ) = 𝑽𝑬 = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟓𝟖 𝒎𝟑
3 2 3
𝑉 = 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑉𝐵 + 𝑉𝐶 + 𝑉𝐷 + 𝑉𝐸
𝑉 = 𝟓9.58 𝑚3 + 133.13 𝑚3 + 75.83 𝑚3 + 140 𝑚3 + 69.58 𝑚3
𝑽 = 𝟒𝟕𝟖. 𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝟑
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 57
Trigonometric or Indirect Leveling

Find the quantity in cubic meters of the borrow-pit given in the figure below.
Corner heights (cuts) indicated are in meters.

Solutions:
Tabulated Solution:
Corner h1 h2 h3 h4
A-1 4.3
A-2 5.1
A-3 6.5
A-4 3.1
B-1 3.4
B-2 6.2
B-3 5.7
B-4 3.8
C-1 4.5
C-2 6.2
C-3 7.9
C-4 7.6
 D-1 5.3
D-2 7.5
D-3 5.7
D-4 7.9
D-5 4.7
E-1 4.9
E-2 5.2
E-3 6.1
E-4 4.0
E-5 3.5
Sums Σh1 = 20.5 Σh2 = 51.5 Σh3 = 7.9 Σh4 = 39.2

𝐴 = (11.0 𝑚)(9.0 𝑚) = 𝐴 = 99 𝑚2
(Σℎ1 + Σℎ2 + Σℎ3 + Σℎ4 )
𝑉=𝐴
4
99 𝑚2
𝑉=( ) [20.5 + (2)51.5 + (3)7.9 + (4)39.2]
4
𝑽 = 𝟕𝟓𝟐𝟒 𝒎𝟑
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 58
Interpolating Contours Analytically

On a map the scaled distance between points A and B is 15.45 cm, and the given
elevation of the two points are 815.26m and 836.45m, respectively. Assuming uniformity
of slope between the two points, calculate the distance from point A on the map where
each of the following contour lines will cross the line joining the two points: 820, 825, 830,
and 835m.

Solution:

a) Difference in Elevation:
𝐷𝐸 = 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑏 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎 = 𝐷𝐸 = 836.45 m − 815.26 m 𝐃𝐄 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟏𝟗 𝐦
𝑑𝑒1 = 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣1 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎 = 𝑑𝑒1 = 820 m − 815.26 m 𝒅𝒆𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟕𝟒 𝒎
𝑑𝑒2 = 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣2 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎 = 𝑑𝑒2 = 825 m − 815.26 m 𝒅𝒆𝟐 = 𝟗. 𝟕𝟒 𝐦
𝑑𝑒3 = 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣3 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎 = 𝑑𝑒3 = 830 m − 815.26 m 𝒅𝒆𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟒 𝐦
𝑑𝑒4 = 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣4 − 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎 = 𝑑𝑒4 = 835 m − 815.26 m 𝒅𝒆𝟒 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟕𝟒 𝒎

b) Horizontal Distance of contours from A:

𝑑𝑒1 4.74 𝑚
ℎ1 = ( ) 𝐻 = ℎ1 = ( ) 15.45 cm = 𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟓 𝒄𝒎 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑. 𝟓 𝒄𝒎
𝐷𝐸 21.19 m
𝑑𝑒1 9.74 m
ℎ2 = ( ) 𝐻 = ℎ2 = ( ) 15.45 cm = 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟕. 𝟏 𝒄𝒎
𝐷𝐸 21.19 m
𝑑𝑒1 14.74 m
ℎ3 = ( ) 𝐻 = ℎ3 = ( ) 15.45 cm = 𝒉𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝒄𝒎 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖 𝒄𝒎
𝐷𝐸 21.19 m
𝑑𝑒1 19.74 𝑚
ℎ4 = ( ) 𝐻 = ℎ4 = ( ) 15.45 cm = 𝒉𝟒 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟗 𝒄𝒎 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟏𝟒. 𝟒 𝒄𝒎
𝐷𝐸 21.19 m
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 59
Interpolating Contours Graphically

The accompanying tabulation gives elevations of points over the ares of a 30m by
40m city lot. The elevations were obtained by the Checkerboard Method using 10-m
squares. Point A-1 is located at the northwest corner of the lot and point E-4 at the
southeast corner. All elevations are in meters.
Point 1 2 3 4
A 878.8 882.5 883.5 883.6
B 883.2 885.9 893.7 887.2
C 882.8 888.6 891.8 889.3
D 882.5 890.4 892.6 889.5
E 883.2 888.5 892.8 893.6

Requirements:
a. Plot the contours using a horizontal scale of 6cm = 10m and a contour interval of
1 meter.
b. Arrange the plotting paper so that the longer side is vertical (Use 81/2" by 11" bond
paper)
c. All corner designations and corresponding elevations must be indicated, including
all vertical and horizontal lines.
d. Show the direction of north and indicate the scale used.
e. Indicate the elevations of the following index contours: 880, 885, 890, and 895m.
The thickness of the index contours must be drawn about twice the thickness of
intermediate contours.
f. Use a pencil for the initial plot and ink the final plot using a technical pen.
Solution:
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A
WORKSHEET NO. 60
Slopes From Contours

On a map of scale 1cm = 50m with a contour interval of 1.5m, two adjacent contour
lines are 1.37cm apart. What is the slope of the ground in percent?

Solution:
𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒: 1 𝑐𝑚 = 50 𝑚
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 (𝐶𝐼): 1.5 𝑚
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠: 1.37 𝑐𝑚
𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐻𝐸) = 1.37 𝑐𝑚 𝑥 50 𝑚 = 𝐻𝐸 = 68.5 𝑚
𝐶𝐼 1.5 𝑚
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 = = 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 = 𝑥 100%
𝐻𝐸 68.5 𝑚
𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑮𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟗%
 Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A

WORKSHEET NO. 61
Three-Point Problem

In the accompanying figure, triangulation stations A, B, and C are observed from

P, a hydrographic station whose location is to be established by the principle of the three-
point problem. The known data are: the angle BAC (the exterior angle) = 102°45'20",
alpha (angle BPA) = 26°34'50", beta (angle APC) = 44°15'15", b or side AC = 6883.4m,
and c or side AB = 6605.3m. By the analytical method determine the values of X, Y, d, e,
and m which are needed to locate P.

Solution:

At Point A:

"2𝜃 = 360° − 102°45′20"

2𝜃 + 102°45′ 20=360° =
2
𝜃 = 128°37′20′′

Consider Triangle BPA, Use Sine Law

𝑑 𝑐 𝑚
= =
sin 𝜃 sin 𝛼 sin 𝑋
To find Angle X,

𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑋 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑃 = 180° = 𝜃 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑋 + 𝛼 = 180°

128°37′ 20′′ + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑋 + 26°34′50" = 180°

𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑋 = 180° − 128°37′ 20′′ − 26°34′50"

𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑿 = 𝟐𝟒°𝟒𝟕′𝟓𝟎′′

To find the value of d and m,

𝑑 𝑐 𝑚 𝑑 6605.3 m 𝑚
= = = = =
sin 𝜃 sin 𝛼 sin 𝑋 sin 128°37′ 20′′ sin 26°34′50" sin 24°47′50′′

𝒅 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟑. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎; 𝒎 = 𝟔𝟏𝟗𝟏. 𝟐𝟔 𝒎

In Triangle APC, Use Sine Law

𝑒 𝑏
=
sin 𝜃 sin 𝛽

To find Angle Y,

𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑌 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑃 = 180° = 𝜃 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑌 + 𝛽 = 180°

128°37′ 20′′ + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑌 + 44°15′15" = 180°

𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑌 = 180° − 128°37′ 20′′ − 44°15′15"

𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒀 = 𝟕°𝟕′𝟐𝟓′′

To find the value of e,

𝑒 𝑏 𝑒 6883.4 m
= = ′ ′′
=
sin 𝜃 sin 𝛽 sin 128°37 20 sin 44°15′15"

𝒆 = 𝟕𝟕𝟎𝟔. 𝟒𝟎 𝒎
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A

WORKSHEET NO. 62
Discharge by Velocity-Area Method

At a certain section of a river the left and right water edges are 3.0 and 45.0 meters
respectively from an initial reference point. Verticals are located at distances 7.0, 12.0,
16.5, 19.5, 23.0, 27.0, 32.0, 35.0 and 39.5 meters from the initial point. Depths of verticals
are 1.8, 3.5, 4.6, 3.4, 5.8, 6.6, 5.7, 3.6, and 1.2 meters. Mean velocities in the verticals
are 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.50, 0.48, 0.55, 0.54, 0.48, and 0.20 meters per second,
respectively. Determine the following:
a. Cross sectional area of the river (sq.m.)
b. Discharge of the river (cum/sec)
c. Average velocity of flow of the river (m/sec)
Sketch the cross section of the river. Assume that the discharge in the end zones
to be negligible or zero.

Solution:
a. Cross sectional area of the river
1 1
𝑎1 = ( ) (𝑙1 + 𝑙2 )𝑑1 = 𝑎1 = ( ) (4.0 + 5.0)1.8 = 𝑎1 = 8.1 𝑚2
2 2
1 1
𝑎2 = ( ) (𝑙2 + 𝑙3 )𝑑2 = 𝑎2 = ( ) (5.0 + 4.5)3.5 = 𝑎2 = 16.63 𝑚2
2 2
1 1
𝑎3 = ( ) (𝑙3 + 𝑙4 )𝑑3 = 𝑎3 = ( ) (4.5 + 3.0)4.6 = 𝑎3 = 17.25 𝑚2
2 2
1 1
𝑎4 = ( ) (𝑙4 + 𝑙5 )𝑑4 = 𝑎4 = ( ) (3.0 + 3.5)3.4 = 𝑎4 = 11.05 𝑚2
2 2
1 1
𝑎5 = ( ) (𝑙5 + 𝑙6 )𝑑5 = 𝑎5 = ( ) (3.5 + 4.0)5.8 = 𝑎5 = 21.75 𝑚2
2 2
1 1
𝑎6 = ( ) (𝑙6 + 𝑙7 )𝑑6 = 𝑎6 = ( ) (4.0 + 5.0)6.6 = 𝑎6 = 29.7 𝑚2
2 2
1 1
𝑎7 = ( ) (𝑙7 + 𝑙8 )𝑑7 = 𝑎7 = ( ) (5.0 + 3.0)5.7 = 𝑎7 = 22.8 𝑚2
2 2
1 1
𝑎8 = ( ) (𝑙8 + 𝑙9 )𝑑8 = 𝑎8 = ( ) (3.0 + 4.5)3.6 = 𝑎8 = 13.5 𝑚2
2 2
1 1
𝑎9 = ( ) (𝑙9 + 𝑙10 )𝑑9 = 𝑎9 = ( ) (4.5 + 5.5)1.2 = 𝑎9 = 6 𝑚2
2 2

𝐴 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + 𝑎4 + 𝑎5 + 𝑎6 + 𝑎7 + 𝑎8 + 𝑎9
𝐴 = 8.1 𝑚 + 16.63 𝑚2 + 17.25 𝑚2 + 11.05 𝑚2 + 21.75 𝑚2 + 29.7 𝑚2 + 22.8 𝑚2
2

+ 13.5 𝑚2 + 6 𝑚2
𝑨 = 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟕𝟖 𝒎𝟐
 b. Discharge of the river
𝑚
𝑞1 = 𝑎1 𝑣1 = 𝑞1 = (8.1 𝑚2 ) (0.15 ) = 𝑞1 = 1.22 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑠
𝑚
𝑞2 = 𝑎2 𝑣2 = 𝑞2 = (16.63 𝑚2 ) (0.30 ) = 𝑞2 = 4.99 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑠
𝑚
𝑞3 = 𝑎3 𝑣3 = 𝑞3 = (17.25 𝑚2 ) (0.45 ) = 𝑞3 = 7.76 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑠
𝑚
𝑞4 = 𝑎4 𝑣4 = 𝑞4 = (11.05 𝑚2 ) (0.50 ) = 𝑞4 = 5.53 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑠
2
𝑚
𝑞5 = 𝑎5 𝑣5 = 𝑞5 = (21.75 𝑚 ) (0.48 ) = 𝑞5 = 10.44 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑠
𝑚
𝑞6 = 𝑎6 𝑣6 = 𝑞6 = (29.7 𝑚2 ) (0.55 ) = 𝑞6 = 16.34 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑠
𝑚
𝑞7 = 𝑎7 𝑣7 = 𝑞7 = (22.8 𝑚2 ) (0.54 ) = 𝑞7 = 12.31 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑠
𝑚
𝑞8 = 𝑎8 𝑣8 = 𝑞8 = (13.5 𝑚2 ) (0.48 ) = 𝑞8 = 6.48 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑠
𝑚
𝑞9 = 𝑎9 𝑣9 = 𝑞9 = (6 𝑚2 ) (0.20 ) = 𝑞9 = 1.2 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑠

𝑄 = 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + 𝑞3 + 𝑞4 + 𝑞5 + 𝑞6 + 𝑞7 + 𝑞8 + 𝑞9
𝑄 = 1.22 𝑚3 /𝑠 + 4.99 𝑚3 /𝑠 + 7.76 𝑚3 /𝑠 + 5.53 𝑚3 /𝑠 + 10.44 𝑚3 /𝑠 + 16.34 𝑚3 /𝑠
+ 12.31 𝑚3 /𝑠 + 6.48 𝑚3 /𝑠 + 1.2 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑸 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔
c. Average velocity of flow of the river
𝑄 66.27 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒈 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓 𝒎/𝒔
𝐴 146.78 𝑚2

Illustration:
Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 2A

WORKSHEET NO. 63
Capacity of Reservoir by Contours

A hydrographic survey of a lake produced the following approximate data:

13,340 sq.m. = area enclosed by the water line
8,550 sq.m. = area enclosed by contour 1
5,149 sq.m. = area enclosed by contour 2
2,088 sq.m. = area enclosed by contour 3
1,975 sq.m. = area enclosed by contour 4
If the vertical distance between contour levels is 3.0 meters determine the
approximate total volume of the lake above the level of contour 4.

Solution:
𝐴𝑡 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 = 𝐴𝑡 = 8,550 𝑚2 + 5,149 𝑚2 + 2,088 𝑚2
𝐴𝑡 = 15,787 𝑚2

𝐴𝑎 𝐴4 13,340 𝑚2 2
1,975 𝑚2
𝑉 = ℎ( + 𝐴𝑡 + ) = 𝑉 = 3.0 𝑚 ( + 15,787 𝑚 + )
2 2 2 2

𝑽 = 𝟕𝟎, 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟓 𝒎𝟑