FMIMDMB IAUAXM_MPML
IAUAXM_MPML FA@KIMD HA@MB KK
MZQBML IAUAXM_MPML @ALOML OMLOOQML ZKZPAF
AL@GIXKL (BKUGPKXGK@)

@KZQZQL GDAB>
XMBFM_MPK LKLOZKB (H2:85=8553)
FGJBMFFM@ MPGF FQ^MIIK (H2:85=8550)
ZQIBG[ MXKCKL (H2:85=855?)

UXG@K Z= IAUAXM_MPML (LGL XAOQDAX)

ZPKIAZ LM^BMPQP PBQDDMH ZMFUMLO

858=
 

IMPM UALOMLPMX 

Uunk `ml syuiur imfk pmlnmtiml iabm`krmt Pubml [mlo Fmbm Asm, harimt
rmbfmt `ml bk`mymb-Lym smym `mpmt falyadasmkiml smdmb smtu tuoms pm`m fmtm iudkmb
Iaparmwmtml Fa`kimd Ha`mb KK.
Ualyusulml
Ualyusulml fmimdmb
fmimdmb klk tk`mi
tk`mi tardap
tardapms
ms `mr
`mrkk m`mlym
m`mlym `uiulo
`uiuloml
ml `ml hmltum
hmltuml
l
`mrk `gsal ymlo sadmdu fafhkfhklo imfk, iapm`m khu Cmrk`mtud Kstkhsmrgb, F.Pr.Iap
imfk faloujmpiml tarkfm imskb. Ualyusulml fmimdmb klk fmskb nmub `mrk safpurlm,
ultui ktu smrml `ml fmsuiml ymlo fafhmloul smlomt `kbmrmpiml ultui parhmkiml
 hmki `mrk saok fmtark fmupul skstafmtkim paludksmllym.
Mibkr imtm safgom fmimdmb klk `mpmt harfmlcmmt `ml `mpmt `kparoulmiml
sahmomkfmlm fastklym.

Zmfpmlo, 8 Nulk 858=

Ualudks
 

@MCPMX KZK

Imtm Ualomltmr .................................................................................................k

......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................

@mctmr Ksk ...................................................................................................

................................................. .....................................................kk
...kk
HMH K Ual`mbuduml
=.= Dmtmr
Dmtmr Hadmim
Hadmimlo
lo ....
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.........
..........=
.....=
=.8 Xufusm
Xufusml
l Fmsmdm
Fmsmdmb...
b.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.........
..........:
.....:
=.: Punuml
Punuml ...
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
........
..........
..........
.........
......:
..:
HMH KK Uafhmbmsml
8.= Ualoar
Ualoartkm
tkml
l `mr
`mrkk Bkpgtk
Bkpgtkrgk
rgk`...
`......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.......0
..0
8.8 Idmskc
Idmskckim
kimsk
sk `mr
`mrkk Bkpgtk
Bkpgtkrgk
rgk`...
`......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
........
.........
..........
..........
..........0
.....0
8.: Atk
Atkgdg
gdgok
ok `mrk
`mrk Bkpgtk
Bkpgtkrgk
rgk`...
`......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
........
......1
.1
8.0 Umtgck
Umtgckskg
skgdgo
dgokk `mrk
`mrk Bkpgtk
Bkpgtkrgk
rgk`
` ....
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
........
..........
..........
..........3
.....3
8.1 Pml`m
Pml`m `ml Oanm
Oanmdm
dm `mrk
`mrk Bkpgt
Bkpgtkrg
krgk`.
k`....
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.........
.........
.........
..........
..........
......3
.3
8.3 Uafark
Uafarkism
ismml
ml pm`m Bkp
Bkpgtk
gtkrgk
rgk`...
`......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.........
..........?
.....?
8.? Ual
Ualmtm
mtmdmi
dmisml
smlmml
mml pm`m Bkpgtkrg
Bkpgtkrgk`.
k`.....
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
........
.........2
.....2
HMH KKK MZIAU Umskal Omloouml Al`girkl (Bkpgtkrgk`)..............................;
HMH KS Ualutup
0.= Zkfpud
Zkfpudml
ml ...
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
........
..........
..........
..........=
.....=0
0
0.8 Zmr
Zmrml
ml ...
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
......
........
..........
.........
.........
..........
.......=0
..=0

@mctmr Uustmim ..................................................................................................=1

 

HMH K
UAL@MBQDQML

=.= Dmtmr Hadmimlo

Iasabmtml farupmiml smdmb smtu cmitgr paltklo `mdmf paloafhmloml
su
sufh
fhar
ar `mym
`mym fmlus
fmluskm
km.. Punu
Punuml
ml `mdm
`mdmf
f pa
palo
loaf
afhm
hmlom
loml
l iasabm
iasabmtm
tml
l ym
ymlo
lo
tarjmltuf `mdmf culosk iasabmtml lmskglmd m`mdmb tarjmpmklym iafmfpuml
ultui
ultui bk`up
bk`up sabmt
sabmt hmok satkmp
satkmp pal
pal`u`u
`u`ui
i momr `mpmt faw
fawunu
unu`iml
`iml `ar
`armnm
mnmtt
iasabmtml lmskglmd.
Puhub iktm tar`krk `mrk skstaf-skstaf ymlo fafkdkik parml paltklo hmok
tuhub. Zmdmb smtulym skstaf al`girkl. Zkstaf klk fadkputk skstaf `mdmf tuhub
fmluskm ymlo tar`krk `mrk haharmpm iadalnmr palobmskd bgrfgl, `ksahut `aloml
skstaf mtmu iadalnmr al`girkl.
Iasakf
Iasakfhmlo
hmloml
ml bgrfgl
bgrfgl pal
paltkl
tklo
o ultui
ultui falnmo
falnmomm cul
culosk
osk tuh
tuhub
ub tatmp
tatmp
lgrfmd.. Nkim taromloou miml tarnm`k
lgrfmd tarnm`k fmsmd
fmsmdmb
mb iasabmtml
iasabmtml tarfmsui
tarfmsui palymikt
ogl`gi. Culosk iadalnmr ogl`gi ymlo fafhasmr `ml fatmhgdksfa tuhub ymlo
falkloimt
falkloimt (bkparfatmh
(bkparfatmhgdks
gdksfa)
fa) nuom tarim`mlo
tarim`mlo `ksartmk
`ksartmk iadad
iadadmbml,
mbml, nmrk
nmrk-nmrk
-nmrk
oafatmr mtmu trafgr `ml fmtm falglngd. Parnm`k ogktar mtmu palymikt ogl`gi 
fafmlo
fafmlo tar
tarimk
imktt iadmkl
iadmklml
ml ymlo
ymlo fal
falyar
yarmlo
mlo iadaln
iadalnmr
mr tkrgk`
tkrgk` ymlo datmil
datmilym
ym
`k`apml
`k`apml dabar `khmwmb nmiul. Iadalnmr
Iadalnmr klk falobmskd
falobmskdiml
iml bgrfgl tkrgk` ymlo
culosk
culosklym
lym fal
faloal`
oal`mdk
mdkiml
iml iajapm
iajapmtml
tml fatmhgd
fatmhgdksf
ksfaa tuh
tuhub
ub sasagr
sasagrmlo.
mlo. Nki
Nkimm
iadalnmr
iadalnmr iurmlo mitkc fafprg`uisk
fafprg`uisk bgrfgl, tarnm`kdmb
tarnm`kdmb `kckskal
`kckskalsk
sk bgrfgl.
bgrfgl.
Haoktu nuom nkim tardmdu mitkc, bgrfgl ymlo `kbmskdiml miml hardahkbml.
Iadalnmr tkrgk` tar`krk `mrk `um dghus ymlo tardatmi `ksahadmb imlml
trmiam, `kkimt harsmfm gdab nmrkloml tkrgk` `ml ymlo fadkltmsk trmiam `ksahadmb
`apml. Iadalnmr klk farupmiml iadalnmr ymlo tar`mpmt `k`mdmf dabar hmokml
`apml
`apml hmwm
hmwmb,
b, fadaim
fadaimtt pm`m
pm`m `kl`kl
`kl`klo
o dmrklo
dmrklo.. Mtm
Mtmss palo
palomru
mrub
b bgrfgl
bgrfgl ymlo
ymlo
`kbmsk
`kbmskdim
diml
l gda
gdab
b iad
iadaln
alnmr
mr bkpgck
bkpgcksa
sa dghus
dghus mltark
mltarkgr,
gr, iad
iadaln
alnmr
mr tkrgk`
tkrgk` klk `mp
`mpmt
mt

fafprg`uisk bgrfgl tkrgiskl. M`mpul culosk `mrk bgrfgl tkrgiskl m`mdmb

 

falo
falomt
mtur
ur part
partuim
uimrm
rml
l zmt
zmt mt
mtmu
mu fa
fatm
tmhg
hgdk
dksf
sfaa `md
`mdmf
mf tuhu
tuhub
b `ml fa
falo
lomt
mtur 
ur 
 partufhubml nmsfmlk `ml rgbmlk.
Ztruitur iadalnmr tkrgk` tar`krk mtms sanufdmb hasmr vaskiad-vaskiad ymlo
`khmtm
`khmtmsk
sk gdab
gdab apktmd
apktmdkuf
kuf skdkl`
skdkl`ar,
ar, `ksmtu
`ksmtuiml
iml gdab
gdab nmrklo
nmrkloml
ml kimt.
kimt. Zad
Zad-sa
-sadly
dlymm

faloadumriml jmkrml ymlo harskcmt daimt ymktu igdgk` tkrgk` ymlo faloml`ulo
zmt salymwm yg`kuf `ml `klmfmiml bgrfgl tkrgiskl. Bkpgculosk iadalnmr klk
falyahmhiml
falyahmhiml palymik
palymiktt iratklksfu
iratklksfuss `ml palymik
palymiktt fkisa
fkisa`afm.
`afm. Bkpar
Bkparculos
culoskk
iadalnmr klk falyahmhiml palymikt ogktar. Zairask tkrgk` `kmtur gdab sahumb
bgrfgl `mrk dghus mltarkgr iadalnmr bkpgcksks ymktu gdab bgrfgl tkrgtrgpki.
Iadalnmr tkrgk` falomdmfk pafhasmrml mikhmt partmfhmbml uiurml sad
mtmu
mtmu nmr
nmrklo
kloml
ml tml
tmlpm
pm `ks
`ksart
artmk
mk palklo
palkloimt
imtml
ml mtm
mtmu
u pal
paluru
urulml
lml sai
sairas
raskk bgr
bgrfgl
fgl--
bgrfgl
bgrfgl iadaln
iadalnmr
mr tk
tkrgk
rgk`.
`. @ksahu
@ksahutt nuo
nuomm sah
sahmom
momkk ogk
ogktar
tar lglt
lgltgis
giskk mtmu
mtmu skf
skfpad
pad
ogktar mtmu strufm al`afki. Imsus omlooumliadalnmr tkrgk` falafpmtk urutml
ia`um satadmb `kmhatas faddktus lmful `mdmf Xksias`ms tmbul 855? tk`mi 
`kdmiuiml paladktkml sabkloom nufdmb pmstklym tk`mi `kiatmbuk. Umskal `mtmlo
ia dm
dmym
ymlml
lml iasa
iasabm
bmtm
tml
l hkms
hkmsmly
mlymm su
su`m
`mb
b falo
falomd
mdmf
mfkk igf
igfpd
pdki
kims
mskk sa
sabk
bkloo
loomm
 prgolgsks falnm`k dahkb hurui. Ia`um iadmklml skstaf al`girkl klk
fafhutubiml palmlomlml igfprabalskc ymlo fadkhmtiml prkvk`ar iasabmtml
`ml pmskal. Iahutubml utmfm ymlo `kparduiml pmskal m`mdmb paloatmbuml,
 pmskal ymlo fal`mpmt klcgrfmsk juiup miml falnm`k pmskal ymlo hmki imralm
 pmskal fafmbmfk paruhmbml ymlo tarnm`k `mdmf tuhublym.

Um`m igl`ksk klk `kfmlm pafhasmrml iadalnmr tk`mi `ksartmk palurulml

mt
mtmu
mu palk
palklo
loim
imttml saira
airassk bgrf
bgrfgl
gl--bgr
bgrfg
fgll
lly
y fmim
mim `mfp
`mfpmi
mi ymlo
ymlo
`ktkfhudimllym bmlym harskcmt dgimd ymktu sanmub fmlm pafhasmrml tarsahut
fafpalo
fafpalomru
mrubk
bk groml
groml `ksaik
`ksaiktmr
tmrlym
lym sapart
sapartkk pal
palomr
omrubly
ublymm pm`
pm`mm trm
trmiba
ibamm `ml
asgpbmo
asgpbmous.
us. Mpmhkd
Mpmhkdmm pafhas
pafhasmrm
mrml
l tar
tarsah
sahut
ut har
harpal
palomr
omrub
ub pm`m
pm`m trm
trmiba
ibamm fmi
fmimm
smdmb smtu `mfpmi ymlo tarnm`k ymktu palyafpktml nmdml lmcms pm`m pmskal
`aloml
`aloml paf
pafhas
hasmrm
mrml
l tkrgk`
tkrgk` ymlo
ymlo `mpmt
`mpmt fal
falomik
omikhmt
hmtiml
iml omo
omomd
md lmc
lmcms.
ms. Zad
Zadmkl
mkl
 harpalomrub pm`m nmdml lmcms, harpalomrub nuom pm`m bgrfgl sabkloom `mym
 

tmbml tuhub pmmskal smlomt raltml fal`arktm palymikt trgpki sapartk hmtui `ml
 pkdai.
=.8 Xufusml fm
fmsmdmb
m. Na
Nadm
dmsi
siml
ml pal
paloa
oart
rtkm
kml
l `mrk
`mrk bk
bkpg
pgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k` 7

 h. Hmomkfmlm idmskckimsk `mrk bkpgtkrgk` 7

j. Hmom
Hmomkf
kfml
mlmm at
atkg
kgdg
dgok
ok `m
`mrk
rk bk
bkpg
pgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k` 7
`. Hm
Hmomk
omkfm
fmlm
lm pmtgc
pmtgcks
kskg
kgdg
dgok
ok `mrk
`mrk bkpgt
bkpgtkr
krgk
gk`
`7
a. Mpm
Mpm sm
smnm
nm tml
tml`m
`m `ml
`ml oan
oanmd
mdmm `mrk
`mrk b
bkp
kpgt
gtkr
krgk
gk`
`7
c. Hmomk
Hmomkfm
fmlm
lm p
paf
afar
arki
kism
smml
ml palu
paluln
lnulo
ulo pm
pm`m
`m bkpg
bkpgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k` 7
o. Hm
Hmomk
omkfm
fmlm
lm palmt
palmtmd
mdmi
mism
smlmm
lmml
lppm`
m`mm b
bkp
kpgt
gtkr
krgk
gk`
`7
=.: Punuml
m. Falo
Faloat
atmb
mbuk
uk pal
paloa
oart
rtkm
kml
l `mrk
`mrk bkp
bkpgt
gtkr
krgk
gk`
`
 h. Faloatmbuk idmskckimsk `mrk bkpgtkrgk`
j. Falo
Faloat
atmb
mbuk
uk at
atkg
kgdg
dgok
ok `m
`mrk
rk bk
bkpg
pgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k`
`. Fa
Faloa
loatm
tmbuk
buk pmtg
pmtgck
cksk
skgd
gdgo
gokk `mrk
`mrk bkpgt
bkpgtkr
krgk
gk`
`
a. Fa
Faloa
loatm
tmbuk
buk tm
tml`m
l`m `ml oanm
oanmdm
dm `mrk
`mrk bkpgt
bkpgtkr
krgk
gk`
`
c. Faloa
Faloatm
tmbuk
buk pafa
pafark
rkis
ismm
mml
l palul
palulnm
nmlo
lo p
pm`
m`mm bkpg
bkpgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k`
o. Fa
Faloa
loatm
tmbuk
buk palm
palmtm
tmdm
dmis
isml
mlmm
mml
l pm`m
pm`m bkpg
bkpgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k`
 

HMH KK
UAFHMBMZML

8.
8.=
= Ua
Ualo
loar
artk
tkml
ml `mrk
`mrk Bkpg
Bkpgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k`

Bkpgtkrgk`ksfa farupmiml iam`mml ymlo `ktml`mk `aloml tarnm`klym

bkpg
bkpgcu
culo
losk
sk tk
tkrg
rgk`
k` ymlo
ymlo harn
harnmd
mdml
ml dmfh
dmfhmt
mt `m
`ml
l `kki
`kkiut
utkk gdab
gdab oa
oanm
nmdm
dm-o
-oan
anmd
mdmm
iaomomd
iaomomdml
ml tkrgk`
tkrgk`.. Iam`mm
Iam`mml
l klk tar
tarnm`
nm`kk mik
mikhmt
hmt im`
im`mr
mr bgr
bgrfgl
fglaa tkrgk`
tkrgk` harm`m
harm`m
`khmwmb lkdmk gptkfmd.
Bk
Bkpg
pgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k`ks
ksfa
fa m`mdm
m`mdmb
b sm
smtu
tu ia
iam`
m`mml
mml pa
paly
lymik
miktt `ksa
`ksahmh
hmhim
iml
l gdab
gdab
iurmlolym palobmskdml bgrfgla tkrgk` gdab iadalnmr tkrgk`.
Bkpgtk
Bkpgtkrgk
rgk`ks
`ksfa
fa m`mdmb
m`mdmb sum
sumtu
tu iam`mml
iam`mml `kf
`kfmlm
mlm iad
iadlmn
lmnrr tkrgk
tkrgk`
` iur
iurmlo
mlo
mitkc `ml falombskdiml tardmdu sa`kikt bgrfgla tkrgk`. Bkpgtkrgk` ymlo smlomt
 harmt `ksahut fkisa`afm.
8.
8.8
8 Id
Idms
mskc
kcki
kims
mskk `m
`mrk
rk Bkpg
Bkpgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k`
m. Idmskc
Idmskckim
kimsk
sk bkp
bkpgtk
gtkrgk
rgk`
` falur
falurut
ut pal
palyahm
yahmhlym
hlym >
=. Bkp
Bkpgtk
gtkrgk
rgk`ks
`ksfa
fa prkfa
prkfarr (t
(tkrg
krgk`m
k`md)
d)
Falomj
Falomju
u pm`m
pm`m `kscul
`ksculosk
osk iad
iadaln
alnmr
mr tkrgk
tkrgk`
` ktu sal
sal`kr
`krk,
k, `kf
`kfmlm
mlm
dahkb `mrk ;1 % pal`arktm bkpgtkrgk`ksfa falomdmfk tkpa klk.
Hkms
Hkmsml
mlym
ym fadk
fadkput
putkk paly
palymik
miktt bm
bmsb
sbkf
kfgt
gtg
g tkrg
tkrgk`
k`kt
ktks
ks (s
(san
anal
alks
ks
 palymikt mutgkful) `ml tarmpk rm`kgkg`kla.
8. Bkpgt
Bkpgtkrgk
krgk`ksfa
`ksfa saltr
saltrmd
md (saiul`ar/
(saiul`ar/pktuk
pktuktmry)
tmry)

M`md
M`mdmb
mb `k
`ksc
scul
ulos
oskk tk
tkrg
rgk`
k` ymlo
ymlo `k
`ksa
sahm
hmhi
himl
ml gd
gdab
ab ia
iada
daln
lnmr 
mr 
bkpgcksks, bkpgtmdmfus mtmu ia`umlym. Hkmsmlym tarnm`k mpmhkdm
tar`mpmt tufgr `kiadalnmr bkpgcksks, rm`kmsk/pafha`mbml ymlo
falyah
falyahmhim
mhiml
l iadaln
iadalnmr
mr tkrgk`
tkrgk` tk`mi
tk`mi `mpm
`mpmtt dmo
dmokk fal
falobms
obmskdi
kdiml
ml
bgrfgla ymlo juiup.
:. Bkp
Bkpgtk
gtkrgk
rgk`ks
`ksfa
fa tarskar
tarskar (bkpg
(bkpgtmd
tmdmfu
mfus)
s)
@ktkfhudi
@ktkfhudiml
ml gdab iadmklml
iadmklml bkpgtmdmfus
bkpgtmdmfus ymlo falomi
falomikhmtim
khmtiml
l
sairask PZB tk`mi m`aiumt mikhmt palurulml stkfudmsk PXB.
 

 h. Idmskckimsk bkpgtkrgk`

bkpgtkrgk` falurut uskm >
=. Iratklksfa (bkpgtkrgk`ksfa jglokatmd)
M`mdmb
M`mdmb `kcksk
`kckskals
alskk tk
tkrgk
rgk`
` ymlo `k`ark
`k`arktm
tm sah
sahadu
aduf
f mtm
mtmu
u sao
saoarm
arm
sasu`mb dmbkr. Um`m iam`mml klk, khu fuloikl nuom fal`arktm

`kckskalsk tkrgk`.
8. Bkpgtkrgk`ksfa nuvalkdks
Pkfhud sasu`mb uskm = mtmu 8 tmbul
:. Fkisa`afm
M`md
M`mdmb
mb pa
palu
lufp
fpui
uiml
ml fuig
fuigpg
pgdk
dksm
smim
imrk
rk`m
`m `m
`mdm
dmf
f nmrk
nmrklo
loml
ml
suhiutml `ml kltarskskmd dmkllym. Fasikpul fkisa`afm tarnm`k
 pm`m bkpgtkrgk`skfa ymlo su`mb hardmlosulo dmfm `ml harmt,
kstkdm
kstkdmb
b tar
tarsah
sahut
ut bmlym
bmlym `mpm
`mpmtt `ko
`koulmi
ulmiml
ml ult
ultui
ui falymt
falymtmim
miml
l
oanmdm aistrkf pm`m bkpgtkrgk`ksfa ymlo harmt.
8.: Atkgdgok
M`ml
M`mlym
ym omloo
omlooum
uml
l cu
culo
losk
skgl
glmd
md `mdmf
`mdmf pa
pafh
fhal
altu
tuim
iml
l bgr
bgrfg
fgla
la tkrg
tkrgk`
k`
farupmiml cmitgr palyahmh pafhasmrml iadalnmr tkrgk` mltmrm dmkl >
m) Ualy
Ualymik
miktt bmsb
bmsbkf
kfgt
gtg
g ta
tarn
rnm`
m`kk mikh
mikhmt
mt m`mly
m`mlymm mltk
mltkhg
hg`y
`y ym
ymlo
lo fa
faru
rusm
smi 
i 
 nmrkloml iadalnmr tkrgk`, `kfmlm bmd tarsahut `ktml`mk pafhasmrml
iadalnmr tkrgk` `ml bkpgtkrgk`ksfa tarnm`k haharmpm hudml iafu`kml.
 h) Ogl`gi al`afkj m`mdmb bkpgtkrgk`ksfa mikhmt `ackskalsk kg`kuf `mdmf
fmimlml. Umm`m `ackskalsk kg`kuf tarnm`k ogl`gi imralm sad-sad tkrgk`

falnm`k mitkc hardahkbml `ml bkpartrgcki `mdmf usmbm ultui falyarmp

safum kg`kuf ymlo tarsksm `mdmf `mrmb.
j) Ia
Iadm
dmkl
klml
ml fa
fatm
tmhg
hgdk
dkjj igloa
igloalk
lktm
tmdd ym
ymlo
lo falo
falobmf
bmfhmt
hmt sk
sklt
ltas
asmm bgr
bgrfg
fgla
la
tkrgk`
`) Ua
Ualo
lobm
bmfh
fhmt
mtml
ml sk
sklt
ltas
asmm bg
bgrf
rfgl
glaa gd
gdab
ab zm
zmtt ik
ikfk
fkmm `m
`ml
l pa
palo
logh
ghmt
mtml
ml
bkpartkrgk`ksfa hmki yg`kuf rm`kmitkc fmupul pafha`mbml jal`arulo
falyahmhiml bkpgtkrgk`ksfa.
8.
8.0
0 Um
Umtg
tgck
cksk
skgd
gdgo
gokk `mrk
`mrk Bkp
Bkpgt
gtkr
krgk
gk`
`
 

Bkpgtkrgk` `mpmt `ksahmhiml gdab omloouml skltasks bgrfgla tkrgk` mtmu

omloouml pm`m raspgl nmrkloml tarbm`mp bgrfgla tkrgk`. Zkltasks bgrfgla
tkrgk` `kmtur sahomk harkiut >
=) Bkp
Bkpgtm
gtmdmf
dmfus
us fafhumt
fafhumt Pbyrg
Pbyrgtrg
trgpkl
pkl Xadam
Xadamskl
sklo
o Bgrfgl
Bgrfglaa (PX
(PXB)
B) ymlo

farmlosmlo bkpgcksk mltarkgr 

8) Bkp
Bkpgck
gcksks
sks mltar
mltarkgr
kgr falskl
falskltas
tasks
ks Pby
Pbyrgk
rgk`
` Ztkfud
Ztkfudmtk
mtklo
lo Bgr
Bgrfgl
fglaa (PZ
(PZB)
B)
ymlo farmlosmlo iadalnmr tkrgk`
:) Iad
Iadaln
alnmr
mr tk
tkrgk
rgk`
` fal
falskl
skltas
tasks
ks bgrfgl
bgrfglaa tkrgk`
tkrgk` (P:)
(P:) Prk
Prkkg`
kg`gtb
gtbyrg
yrglkl
lkl `ml
(P0) Patrm kg`gtbyrglkl ymlo farmlosmlo fatmhgdksf nmrkloml ymlo
fadkpu
fadkputk
tk iglsufs
iglsufskk giskoa
giskoal,
l, prg`ui
prg`uisk
sk pml
pmlms
ms tuh
tuhub,
ub, cul
culosk
osk symrmc
symrmc,,
fatm
fatmhg
hgdk
dksf
sf prgt
prgtak
akl,
l, imrh
imrhgbk
gbk`r
`rmt
mt,, dafm
dafmi
i `m
`ml
l vktm
vktmfk
fkl
l sa
sart
rtmm ia
iarn
rnmm
`mrkpm`m bgrfgla-bgrfgl dmkl.
Bypgtkrgk` `mpmt tarnm`k mikhmt fmdculosk iadalnmr tkrgk`, bkpgcksk mtmu
bkpgtmdmfus
bkpgtmdmfus.. Mpmhkdm
Mpmhkdm `ksah
`ksahmhiml
mhiml gdab fmdcu
fmdculosk
losk tkrgk` fmim im`mr BP ymlo
ral`mb
ral`mb miml
miml `ks
`ksart
artmk
mk gdab
gdab pal
palklo
kloimt
imtml
ml im`mr
im`mr PZB `ml PXB imr
imralm
alm tk`
tk`mi 
mi 
m`
m`ml
mlym
ym ufpm
ufpml
l hm
hmdk
dki
i la
laom
omtk
tkva
va gd
gdab
ab BP pm`m
pm`m bk
bkpg
pgck
cksk
skss ml
mlta
tark
rkgr
gr `m
`ml
l
bkpgtmdmfus.
Mpmhkdm bkpgtkrgk` tarnm`k mikhmt fmdculosk bkpgcksks fmim im`mr BP
ymlo ral`mb `ksahmhiml gdab ral`mblym im`mr PZB. PXB `mrk bkpgtmdmfus
tklook imralm tk`mi m`mlym ufpml hmdki laomtkva hmki `mrk PZB fmupul BP.
bkpgtkrgk` ymlo `ksahhmiml gdab fmdculosk bkpgtmdmfus miml falyahmhiml
ral`mblym im`mr BP, PZB `ml PXB.
8.
8.1
1 Pm
Pml`
l`m
m``ml
ml Oanm
Oanmdm
dm `mrk
`mrk Bk
Bkpg
pgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k`
Bkpgtkrgk`ksfa `ktml`mk `aloml oanmdm-oanmdm sahmomk harkiut >
m. Lmcs
Lmcsu
u fmim
fmiml
l hari
hariur
urml
mlo
o
 h. Zafhadkt
j. Uartuf
Uartufhubm
hubml
l tudmlo
tudmlo `ml
`ml okok
okok ymlo
ymlo dmfh
dmfhmt
mt
`. Zum
Zumrm
rm sar
sarmi,
mi, harhkj
harhkjmrm
mrm dmf
dmfhmt
hmt
a. Iadgpm
Iadgpmi
i fmtm
fmtm tur
turul
ul `ml
`ml mdks
mdks f
fmtm
mtm rgl
rgltgi 
tgi 
c. _mnmb hal
alo
oimi 
 

o. Xmf
Xmfhut
hut tkpks,
tkpks, iarklo
iarklo `ml imsmr 
imsmr 
b. Iud
Iudkt
kt ia
iark
rklo,
lo, imsmr
imsmr,, harsks
harskski
ki `ml
`ml falahmd
falahmd
k. @a
@aly
lyut
ut lm`k
lm`k dm
dmf
fhmt
hmt
 n. Oarmiml tuhub dmfhml

i. Dafm
Dafmb,
b, pu
pusk
sklo,
lo, jmp
jmpai
ai `m
`ml
l pu
pujmt
jmt
d. Zm
Zmik
iktt pm`m
pm`m sa
sal`
l`kk mtm
mtmu
u gtgt
gtgt
f. Pk`
Pk`mi
mi tmb
tmbml
ml tar
tarbm`m
bm`mp
p `klo
`klokl
kl
l. Ual
Ualuru
urulml
lml culosk
culosk kl
kl`ar
`armm paloa
paloajmpm
jmpml
l `ml paljk
paljkufm
ufml
l
g. @aprask
Oanmdm `klk bkpgtkrgk`ksfa tk`mi spaskcki, lmful iadadmbml ymlo aistrkf
falyudktiml pal`arktmlym ultui fadmismlmiml paiarnmml sabmrk-bmrk sajmrm
 palub. Dmpgrml taltmlo m`mlym iargltgiml rmfhut, iuiu ymlo rmpub sartm
iudkt ymlo iarklo sarklo `ktafuiml `ml iadubmml rmsm hmmd sartm pmrmsaskm
 pm`m nmrk-nmrk tmloml `mpmt
` mpmt tarnm`k. Bkpgtkrgk`ksfa falyarmlo wmlktm dkfm imdk
dahkb sarklo `khml`kloiml
`khml`kloiml dmik-dmik
dmik-dmik `ml pmdklo
pmdklo sarklo
sarklo tarn
tarnm`k
m`k pm`m uskm :5-35
tmbul.
Um`m bkpgtkrgk`ksfa dmlnut miml falyahmhiml `kfalskm `ksartmk paruhmbml
igolktkc `ml iaprkhm`kml ymlo ibms. Xaspkrmsk ymlo tk`mi fafm`mk `ml mplau
smmt tk`ur `mpmt tarnm`k pm`m bkpgtkrgk`ksfa harmt. Zadmkl ktu, `ksartmk `aloml
ialmkiml im`mr igdastargd saruf, palymikt nmltulo jgrglar. Igfm fkisa`afm
faloomf
faloomfhmr
hmriml
iml st
stm`k
m`kuf
uf bkpgtk
bkpgtkrgk
rgk`ks
`ksfa
fa yml
ymlo
o pmdklo
pmdklo aistrk
aistrkf
f `ml harmt,
harmt,
`kfmlm pmskal falomdmfk bkpgtarfk `ml tk`mi sm`mriml `krk.
8.
8.3
3 Ua
Uafa
fark
rkis
ismm
mml
l Ual
Ualul
ulnm
nmlo
lo pm
pm`m
`m Bkpg
Bkpgtk
tkrg
rgk`
k`
M`m haharmpm pafarkismml pm`m pal`arktm bkpgtkrgk` ymktu >
m. Uafa
Uafark
rkis
ismm
mml
l dmhg
dmhgrm
rmtg
tgrk
rkuf
uf
Uafarkismml `mrmb ymlo falouiur im`mr BP (P: `ml P0), PZB `ml
PXB
PXB mim
miml
l `mpmt
`mpmt fa
fal`
l`km
kmol
olgs
gsks
ks ig
igl`k
l`ksk
sk `ml dgimd
dgimdks
ksms
mskk fm
fmsm
smdm
dmb
b
`ktk
`ktklo
loim
imtt su
susu
sulm
lml
l sm
smrm
rmcc pusm
pusmtt mtmu
mtmu iad
iadal
alnm
nmrr tkrg
tkrgk`
k`.. Ua
Uafa
fark
rkis
ismml
mml
dmhgrmtgrkuf ultui faloatmbuk culosk tkrgk` (bkpgtkrgk`ksfa prkfar)
 hkmsmlym falulnuiiml im`mr P0 ymlo ral`mb `ml im`mr PZB ymlo
 

tk
tkloo
look.
k. Zahmd
Zahmdki
kily
lymm P0 `ml
`ml PZ
PZB
B miml
miml ral`m
ral`mb
b pm
pm`m
`m pm
pmsk
skal
al `a
`alom
loml
l
bkpgtkrgk`ksfa saiul`ar.
 h. Uafarkismml rm`kgdgok
Uafarkismml rm`kgdgok rmloim falulnuiiml tudmlo ymlo falomdmfk

iat
iatar
arddmf
mfhm
hmttml `md
`mdmf part
partuf
ufhu
hubm
bml,
l, `k
`koa
oala
lask
skss apk
apkcks
ksks
ks,, `ml
`ml
iat
iatar
arddmf
mfhm
hmttml pari
pariaf
afhm
hmlo
loml
ml ok
okok
ok.. Ig
Igf
fpdk
pdkims
imsk utmf
utmfmm `mr
`mrk
bkpgtkrgk`ksfa jgloalktmd `ml nuvalkdks ymlo tk`mi `kiatmbuk `ml tk`mi 
`kghmtk m`mdmb ratmr`msk faltmd.
8.
8.?
? Ua
Ualm
lmtm
tmdm
dmis
isml
mlmm
mml
l pm`m
pm`m B
Bkp
kpgt
gtkr
krgk
gk`
`
Punuml prkfar palmtmdmismlmml bkpgtkrgk`ksfa kmdmb fafudkbiml fatmhgdksf
 pmskal iafhmdk iapm`m iam`mml fatmhgdkj lgrfmd, `aloml jmrm faloomltk
bgrfgla ymlo bkdmlo. Dkvgtkrgiskl skltatki farupmiml prapmrmt tarpkdkb ultui 
 paloghmtml bkpgtkrgk`ksfa `ml suprask palymikt
paly mikt ogktar lgltgiski. @gsks tarpk
 paloomltk bgrfgla har`msmriml pm`m iglsaltrmsk PZB `mdmf saruf pmskal.
Urap
Urapmr
mrmt
mt tkr
krgk
gk`
` ymlo
ymlo `k
`kia
iark
rklo
loim
iml
l nmrml
mrmlo
o `k
`kou
oulm
lmim
iml
l imra
imralm
lm sark
arklo
falyahmhiml ialmkiml safaltmrm iglsaltrmsk P: `ml im`mlo-im`mlo `ksartmk
`aloml oanmdm bkpartkrgk`ksfa.
Bmd-bmd ymlo hkms `kdmiuiml pm`m pmskal `aloml bkpgtkrgk` mltmrm dmkl >
 Uafadkbmrmml culosk vktmd

 Oms `mrmb mrtark

 Uafharkml jmkrml `kdmiuiml `aloml bmtk-bmtk imralm hmbmym kltgiskimsk
mkr 
 Klcus dmrutml oduigsm paimt

 Parmpk igrtkigstkrgk`
 

HMH KKK
MZQBML IAUAXM_MPML UM@M UMZKAL @ALOML OMLOOQML ZKZPAF
AL@GIXKL (BKUGPKXGK@)

:.= UALOIMNKML
@mfpmi
@mfpmi paluru
palurulml
lml im`mr
im`mr bgrfgl
bgrfglaa `md
`mdmf
mf tuhub
tuhub sml
smlomt
omt har
harvmr
vmrkms
kmsk,
k, gda
gdab
b
imralm ktu dmiuimldmb paloimnkml tarbm`mp bmd-bmd paltklo sahmomk harkiut >
m. K`
K`al
altk
tktm
tmss pm
pmsk
skal
al
 h. Iadubml utmfm hksm harupm sasmi lmcms, sudkt faladml, m`mlym
 pafhaloimiml `ml rmsm lyark
l yark pm`m dabar, pmskal lmfpmi oadksmb, tk`mi 
lmcs
lmcsu
u fmim
fmiml,
l, fu`m
fu`mb
b jmpai
jmpai/d
/dad
admb
mb,, kltg
kltgda
darm
rml
l tarb
tarbm`
m`mp
mp `klok
`klokl
l `m
`ml
l
safhadkt
j. Xkwmym
Xkwmymtt ias
iasabm
abmtml
tml fksm
fksmdly
dlymm ghmt-ghm
ghmt-ghmtml
tml ymlo sarklo
sarklo `kigl
`kiglsuf
sufsk,
sk, m`m
rkwmymt
rkwmymt fafarkismi
fafarkismiml
ml hmokml dabarlym, parlmb fal`mp
fal`mpmtiml
mtiml tarmp
tarmpkk
ghmt tarimkt oanmdm ymlo `kmdmfk
`. Iah
Iahkms
kmsmml
mml bk`u
bk`up
p sab
sabmrk
mrk-bmr
-bmrkk harupm fmim
fmimlml
lml ymlo `kiglsu
`kiglsufsk
fsk hmki 
hmki 
`aloml im`mr kg`kuf ymlo ral`mb `ml lmcsu fmiml ymlo `kmdmfk
a. Uaf
Uafark
arkism
ismml
ml ckski
ckski sajmr
sajmrmm bam` tg
tg tga falj
faljmiup
miup >
- Zy
Zyssta
taf
f klt
ltao
aouf
ufal
altt > iudk
iudktt `k
`klo
lokkl, pujm
pujmtt, iark
iarklo
lo hars
harsks
kski
ki `ml
`ml
falahmd, partufhubml iuiu hurui, iuiu falahmd, rmfhut iarklo,
imsmr `ml rgltgi 

- Zys
Zystaf
taf parl
parlmcm
mcmsml
sml > bkpgva
bkpgvaltk
ltkdms
dmsk,
k, pd
pdaur
aurmd
md ac
acusk
usk `
`ml
ml `kspa
`kspalkm
lkm
- Zys
Zystaf
taf imr`kg
imr`kgvms
vmsiud
iudar
ar > hrm`k
hrm`kimr
imr`k,
`k, `k
`ksrk
srktfk
tfkm,
m, pafahsm
pafahsmrml
rml nmltul
nmltulo,
o,
bkpgtalsk `ml tgdarmlsk tarbm`mp mitkcktms falurul
- Fa
Fattmhgd
mhgdkj
kj > palu
paluru
rulm
lml
l fa
fattmhgd
mhgdks
ksf
f hms
hmsmd,
md, palu
palurrulml
ulml subu,
ubu,
kltgdarmlsk tarbm`mp `klokl
- Zy
Zyssta
taf
f fusj
fusjud
udgs
gsia
iada
dattmd > lyar
lyarkk gt
gtgt
gt `ml
`ml rkdais
daisms
mskk gt
gtgt
gt ymlo
ymlo
fadmfhmt
 

- Zys
Zysta
taf
f laur
laurgd
gdgok
gok > cu
culos
loskk klta
kltada
dait
itumd
umd yml
ymlo
o fa
fadm
dmfh
fhmt
mt,, har
harhk
hkjm
jmrm
rm
dmfhmt
dmfhmt `ml tar
tarhmt
hmtm-h
m-hmtm
mtm,, omlooum
omloouml
l fafgrk
fafgrk,, par
parbmt
bmtkml
kml iur
iurmlo,
mlo,
 hkloulo `ml bkdmlo pal`alomrml
- Om
Omst
strg
rgkl
klta
tast
stkl
klmd
md > mlgra
mlgrais
iskm
km,, pa
palk
lklo
loimt
imtml
ml har
harmt
mt hm`
hm`ml
ml,, igl
iglst
stkp
kpms
mskk

`ml `kstalsk mh`gfal

c. Ua
Uafa
fark
rkis
ismm
mml
l palu
paluln
lnml
mlo
o>
- Uafa
Uafark
rkis
ismm
mml
l im`m
im`mrr P
P:
: `ml
`ml P0
P0 pm
pm`m
`m pms
pmska
kal
l
- Uafarkismml PZB
:.8 MLMDKZM @MPM
m) @mtm
@mtm Zuhnaitkc
Zuhnaitkc (`m
(`mtm
tm ymlo hksm
hksm `k`mpmt
`k`mpmt `mrk idk
idkal
al mtmu iadu
iadumro
mromm idkal)
idkal)
 harupm palymfpmkml dmlosulo tarnm`klym iai
iaiarmsml
armsml tarsahut, parmsmml
idkal `ml mikhmt ymlo `k`mpmtiml gdab idkal tarsahut
 h) @mtm Ghnaitkc ( `mtm ymlo `k`mpmt `mrk mpm ymlo `kdkmt gdab parmwmt
ymlo fadmiuiml paloimnkml) harupm paloimnkml ckski idkal, aisprask
wmnmb idkal smmt `kimnk
:.: @KMOLGZM IAUAXM_MPML
=. Iat
Iatk`m
k`misa
isakfh
kfhmlom
mloml
l lutrks
lutrkskk iur
iurmlo
mlo `mrk
`mrk iah
iahutu
utubml
bml tuh
tuhub
ub harbuhu
harbuhuloml
loml
`aloml bkparfatmhgdksfa
8. Om
Omlo
looum
ouml
l pars
parsaps
apskk sa
sals
lsgr
grki
ki harb
harbuh
uhul
uloml
oml `a
`alom
loml
l trml
trmlsf
sfks
kskk kf
kfpu
puds
ds
salsgrki (gctmdfgpmtk)
:. Kltgdarml mitkvktms harbuhuloml `aloml iadadmbml `ml palurulml prgsas
igolktkc 
:.0 KLPAXSALZK
=. @R = > Iatk
Iatk`m
`mis
isak
akfh
fhml
mlom
oml
l lu
lutr
trks
kskk iu
iurm
rmlo
lo `mrk
`mrk iahu
iahutu
tubm
bml
l tuhu
tuhub
b
 harbuhuloml `aloml bkparfatmhgdksfa
Punuml > momr lutrksk pmskal `mpmt tarpalubk
Kltarvalsk >
m) @gr
@grglo
glo pal
palklo
kloimt
imtml
ml msupml
msupml jmkrml
jmkrml
 h) Harkiml fmimlml ymlo imym miml sarmt
 

j) Mnmr
mri
iml iapm`
m`mm idkal talt
ltmmlo nalks-nalks fmiml
mlmml ym
yml
lo
faloml`ulo hmlymi mkr 
`) Umlt
Umltmu
mu cu
culo
losk
sk usus
usus
a) @gr
@grglo
glo idkal
idkal ultui
ultui fal
falklo
kloimt
imtiml
iml fghkdksm
fghkdksmsk
sk `mdmf hmtms
hmtms-hmt
-hmtms
ms

tgdarmlsk dmtkbml
8. @R 8 > Omloouml parsapsk salsgrki harbuhuloml `aloml trmlsfksk kfpuds
salsgrki (gctmdfgpmtk)
Punuml > momr pmskal tk`mi falomdmfk palurulml vksus ymlo dahkb hurui 
`ml tk`mi tarnm`k trmufm/ja`arm pm`m fmtm
Kltarvalsk >
m) Mlnuriml pm`m pmskal hkdm tk`ur `aloml
`alo ml pgsksk adavmsk iapmdm
h) Hmsmbk fmtm `aloml hgrwmtar starkd
j) Nki
Nkimm m`m pbgtgp
pbgtgpbghk
bghkm,
m, mlnuri
mlnuriml
ml pms
pmskal
kal fal
falooul
ooulmiml
miml imjm
imjmfmt
fmtmm
rmyhal
`) Nk
Nkim
im pmska
pmskal
l tk
tk`m
`mi
i `mpmt
`mpmt fa
falu
lutu
tup
p fmtm
fmtm rmpmt
rmpmt pm
pm`m
`m sm
smmt
mt tk`ur
tk`ur,,
oulmiml pdastar lgl mdarok
a) Igdmhgrmsk `mdmf pafharkml ghmt-ghmtml stargk` sasumk prgormf
:. @R : > Kltgdarml mitkvktms harbuhuloml `aloml iadadmbml `ml palurulml
 prgsas igolktkc 
Punuml > momr pmskal `mpmt harkstkrmbmt
Kltarvalsk >
m) Mtur kltarvmd wmitu mltmr mitkvktms ultui falkloimtiml kstkrmbmt
`ml dmtkbml ymlo `mpmt `ktgdarkr 
h) Hml
Hmltu
tu mitkvk
mitkvktms
tms parmwm
parmwmtml
tml fml`kr
fml`krkk iat
iatkim
kim pms
pmskal
kal har
harm`m
m`m `md
`mdmf
mf
iam`mml dadmb
j) Har
Harkim
kiml
l st
stkfu
kfudms
dmskk fadmdu
fadmdukk par
parjmim
jmimpml
pml `ml mit
mitkvk
kvktms
tms ymlo tk`
tk`mi 
mi 
falkfhudiml strass
`) Umltmu raspgl pmskal tarbm`mp palkloimtml mitkvktms
 

:.1 KFUDAFALPMZK
=. @R = > Iatk
Iatk`m
`mis
isak
akf
fhmlo
hmloml
ml lutr
lutrkksk iur
iurmlo
mlo `mrk
`mrk iahu
iahuttubml
ubml tu
tuhu
hub
b
 harbuhuloml `aloml bkparfatmhgdksfa
Kfpdafaltmsk >

m) Fal`gr
Fal`grglo
glo palk
palkloim
loimtml
tml msup
msupml
ml jm
jmkr
krml
ml
 h) Fafharkiml fmimlml ymlo imym miml sarmt
j) Falom
alomnnmr
mrim
iml
l iapm
iapm`m
`m id
idka
kal
l talt
altmlo
mlo nalk
alks-nal
-nalks
ks fmiml
mimlml
ml ymlo
ymlo
faloml`ulo hmlymi mkr 
`) Fa
Fafm
fmlt
ltmu
mu ccul
ulos
oskk u
usu
suss
a) Fal`gr
Fal`grglo
glo idkal ultui falkloimt
falkloimtiml
iml fghkdk
fghkdksms
smskk `md
`mdmf
mf hmt
hmtms-
ms-hmt
hmtms
ms
tgdarmlsk dmtkbml
8. @R 8 > Oml
Omloouml
oouml parsapsk
parsapsk salsg
salsgrki
rki harbuhulom
harbuhuloml
l `aloml trmlsfk
trmlsfksk
sk kfpu
kfpuds
ds
salsgrki (gctmdfgpmtk)
Kfpdafaltmsk >
m) Faloml
Falomlnurim
nuriml
l pm`m pmskal
pmskal hkdm
hkdm tk`ur `aloml p
pgsksk
gsksk adavmsk
adavmsk iapmd
iapmdmm
 h) Fafhmsmbk fmtm `aloml hgrwmtar starkd
j) Nk
Nkim
im m`m pbgtg
pbgtgpbg
pbghkm
hkm,, falomln
falomlnuri
uriml
ml pmskal
pmskal fa
faloo
looulmi
ulmiml
ml imjmfm
imjmfmtm
tm
rmyhal
`) Nk
Nkim
im pmskal
pmskal tk`mi `mpmt
`mpmt falutup
falutup fmtm rmpm
rmpmtt pm`m smmt tk`u
tk`ur,
r, oulmi
oulmiml
ml
 pdastar lgl mdarok
a) Harig
Harigdmhgrm
dmhgrmsk
sk `md
`mdmf
mf pafha
pafharkml
rkml ghmt-ghmt
ghmt-ghmtml
ml sta
stargk`
rgk` sa
sasumk
sumk prgormf
prgormf
:. @R : > Kltgd
Kltgdarm
arml
l mitkv
mitkvktm
ktmss harbuhulo
harbuhuloml
ml `aloml
`aloml iadad
iadadmbml
mbml `ml palu
palurul
rulml
ml
 prgsas igolktkc 
Kfpdafaltmsk >
m) Falomt
Falomtur
ur klt
kltarv
arvmd
md wmitu mltmr mitkv
mitkvktm
ktmss ultui
ultui fal
falklo
kloimt
imtiml
iml kstkrm
kstkrmbmt
bmt
`ml dmtkbml ymlo `mpmt `ktgdarkr 
 h) Fafhmltu mitkvktms parmwmtml fml`krk iatkim pmskal harm`m `mdmf
iam`mml dadmb
j) Fafhar
Fafharkim
kiml
l st
stkfu
kfudms
dmskk fadmdu
fadmdukk par
parjmi
jmimpm
mpml
l `ml mitk
mitkvkt
vktms
ms ymlo tk`mi 

falkfhudiml strass
 

`) Fafml
Fafmltmu
tmu ra
raspgl
spgl pm
pmskal
skal tarbm`m
tarbm`mp
p palkl
palkloimtml
oimtml mitkv
mitkvktms
ktms
:.3 ASMDQMZK
Xaljmlm ymlo tadmb `ktkl`mi dmlnutk mtmu `kkfpdafaltmsk pm`m mibkrlym
miml
miml `kav
`kavmd
mdum
umsk
sk sa
sanm
nmub
ubfm
fmlm
lm tk
tkl`
l`mim
miml
l `mp
`mpmt
mt fa
faljm
ljmpm
pmkk tunu
tunuml
ml sa
sabk
bkloo
loomm

tkl`miml `mpmt `kdmlnutiml, `kfg`kckimsk mtmu `komltk.

Avmdum
Avmdumsk
sk iapa
iaparmw
rmwmtm
mtml
l `kd
`kdmiui
miuiml
ml sajmrm
sajmrm par
parkg`
kg`kj,
kj, sk
sksta
stafmt
fmtks
ks `ml
 haraljmlm, ultui falkdmk pariafhmloml pmskal `aloml irktarkm satkmp
tkl`miml iaparmwmtml `kdmiuiml avmdumsk tarbm`mp kl`kjmtgr ymlo m`m pm`m
rufus
usmml tunu
unuml, sadmlnutlym bmskd avmdu
mdumsk saoarm `kj
`kjmtmt `ml
`kigfulkims
`kigfulkimskiml,
kiml, avmdum
avmdumsk
sk fadk
fadkhmtiml
hmtiml pmska
pmskal,
l, iadumr
iadumrom
om `ml tkf iasabmtml
sasumk stml`mr.
 

HMH KS
UALQPQU
0.= Zkfpudml
Bkpgtkrgk`ksfa farupmiml iam`mml ymlo `ktml`mk `aloml tarnm`klym
bkpg
bkpgcu
culo
losk
sk tk
tkrg
rgk`
k` ymlo
ymlo harn
harnmd
mdml
ml dmfh
dmfhmt
mt `m
`ml
l `kki
`kkiut
utkk gdab
gdab oa
oanm
nmdm
dm-o
-oan
anmd
mdmm
iaomomd
iaomomdml
ml tkrgk`
tkrgk`.. Iam`mm
Iam`mml
l klk tar
tarnm`
nm`kk mik
mikhmt
hmt im`
im`mr
mr bgr
bgrfgl
fglaa tkrgk`
tkrgk` harm`m
harm`m
`khmwmb lkdmk gptkfmd. Puhub iktm tar`krk `mrk systaf-skstaf ymlo fafkdkik
 parml paltklo hmok tuhub. Zmdmb smtulym systaf al`girkl. Iasakfhmloml
bgrfgla paltklo ultui falnmom culosk tuhub tatmp lgrfmd.
0.8 Zmrml
@mrk palymikt klk `mpmt `kbkl
`kbkl`mriml
`mriml `aloml jmrm tk`mi
tk`mi stra
strass,
ss, tk`mi fargigi,
tk`mi
tk`mi faloigl
faloiglsuf
sufsk
sk ghmt-gh
ghmt-ghmtm
mtml
l safhmr
safhmrmlo
mloml
ml `ml tk`mi
tk`mi fal
faloigl
oiglsuf
sufsk
sk
kg`k
kg`kuf
uf sa
sajmr
jmrmm hard
hardah
ahkb
kbml
ml imra
imralm
lm `mpmt
`mpmt tarn
tarnm`
m`kk rm`k
rm`kms
mskk pm
pm`m
`m daba
dabarr `ml
gromlk
gromlksfa
sfa ymlo
ymlo fal
falyah
yahmhim
mhiml
l klcais
klcaisk.
k. Zad
Zadmkl
mkl ktu pms
pmskal
kal-pm
-pmska
skal
l fmf
fmfpu
pu
fal`ataisk paruhmbml `mdmf `krklym tarimkt oanmd-oanmdm `mrk bkpgtkrgk`.
 

@MCPMX UQZPMIM

(8553).  Lursklo Pbagrkas mlo Pbakr _gri. (3tb A`ktkgl).

Mddkogg`, F.X, Pgfmy, M.F. (8553). Lursklo
QZM > Fgshy Adsavkar 

Mfarkjml Pbyrgk` Mssgjkmtkgl. (85=:). Pbyrgk` ml` _akobt , QZM > Fmry Mll Dkhart
Klj Uuhdksbar 

@ngigfgadnmltg, X.N. (855?). Ualymikt Iadalnmr Ogl`gi 9 Zahumb Pklnmuml Ugpudar.

Zafmrmlo > Hmdmk Ualarhkt Qlkvarsktms @kpglaogrg

Omodkm, N.D., _yjigcc., Mhrmbmfsgl, F.N. (8550). Mjuta Byparodkjafkj Jrksks kl

Ad`ardy. Fa`. Jdk. Lmf Ngurlmd. =53:-=520