Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 MCQs

Questions with Answers

Question 1.
The bond length between hybridised carbon atom and other carbon atom is
minimum in
(a) Propane
(b) Butane
(c) Propene
(d) Propyne

Answer
Answer: (d) Propyne
Explanation:
The C – C bond length = 1.54 Å, C = C bond length = 1.34 Å and C ≡ C bond length =
1.20 Å.
Since propyne has a triple bond, therefore it has minimum bond length.

Question 2.
The number of nodal planes present in s × s antibonding orbitals is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 0
(d) 3

Answer
Answer: (a) 1
Explanation:
In an antibonding molecular orbital, most of the electron density is located away
from the space between the nuclei, as a result of which there is a nodal plane (i.e, a
plane at which the electron density is zero) between the nuclei.

Question 3.
The hybrid state of sulphur in SO2 molecule is :
(a) sp²
(b) sp³
(c) sp
(d) sp³d

Answer
Answer: (a) sp²
Explanation:
The hybridisation of sulphur in SO2 is sp². Sulphur atom has one lone pair of
electrons and two bonding domains. Bond angle is <120° and molecular geometry is
V-shape, bent or angular

Question 4.
Which one of the following does not have sp² hybridised carbon?
(a) Acetone
(b) Acetic acid
(c) Acetonitrile
(d) Acetamide

Answer
Answer: (c) Acetonitrile
Explanation:
Acetonitrile does not contain sp² hybridized carbon.

Question 5.
Which of the following will have the lowest boiling point?
(a) 2-MethylButane
(b) 2-MethylPropane
(c) 2,2-Dimethylpropane
(d) n-Pentane

Answer
Answer: (d) n-Pentane
Explanation:
Boiling point increases with increase in molecular mass. For the compounds with the
same molecular mass, boiling point decreases with an increase in branching.
The molecular mass of 2-Methylbutane: 72 g mol-1
The molecular mass of 2-Methylpropane: 58 g mol-1
The molecular mass of 2, 2-Dimethylpropane: 72 g mol-1
The molecular mass of 2-Methylbutane: 72 g mol-1
2-Methylpropane has the lowest molecular mass among all of the given compounds.
Thus, 2-Methylpropane has the lowest boiling point among the given options.

Question 6.
Among the following the maximum covalent character is shown by the compound
(a) MgCl2
(b) FeCl2
(c) SnCl2
(d) AlCl3

Answer
Answer: (d) AlCl3
Explanation:
We know that, extent of polarisation ∝ covalent character in ionic bond. Fajans rule
states that the polarising power of cation increases, with increase in magnitude of
positive charge on the cation Therefore, polarising power ∝ charge of cation.

The polarising power of cation increases with the decrease in the size of a cation.
Therefore, polarising (power) ∝ (1)/ (size of cation)
Here the AlCl3 is satisfying the above two conditions i.e., Al is in +3 oxidation state
and also has small size. So it has more covalent character.

Question 7.
Among the following mixtures, dipole-dipole as the major interaction, is present in
(a) benzene and ethanol
(b) acetonitrile and acetone
(c) KCl and water
(d) benzene and carbon tetrachloride

Answer
Answer: (b) acetonitrile and acetone
Explanation:
Dipole-dipole interactions occur among the polar molecules. Polar molecules have
permanent dipoles. The positive pole of one molecule is thus attracted by the
negative pole of the other molecule. The magnitude of dipole-dipole forces in
different polar molecules is predicted on the basis of the polarity of the molecules,
which in turn depends upon the electro negativities of the atoms present in the
molecule and the geometry of the molecule (in case of polyatomic molecules,
containing more than two atoms in a molecule).

Question 8.
The value of n in the molecular formula BenAl2Si6O18 is
(a) 3
(b) 5
(c) 7
(d) 9

Answer
Answer: (a) 3
Explanation:
BenAl2Si6O18
The oxidation states of each element
Be = +2
Al = +3
Si = +4
O = -2
(2n) + (3 × 2) + (4 + 6) + (−2 × 18) = 0
or 2n + 30 − 36 = 0
or 2n = 6
or n = 3

Question 9.
Which of the following types of hybridisation leads to three dimensional geometry of
bonds around the carbon atom?
(a) sp
(b) sp²
(c) sp³
(d) None of these

Answer
Answer: (b) sp²
Explanation:
sp² hybrid structures have trigonal planar geometry, which is two dimensional.

Question 10.
An atom of an element A has three electrons in its outermost orbit and that of B has
six electrons in its outermost orbit. The formula of the compound between these two
will be
(a) A3B6
(b) A2B3
(c) A3B2
(d) A2B

Answer
Answer: (b) A2B3
Explanation:
A has 3 electrons in outermost orbit and B has 6 electrons in its outermost orbits. So
A can give three electrons to complete its octet and B needs 2 electrons to complete
its octet. So 2 atoms of A will release 6 electrons and 3 atoms of B will need six
electrons to complete their octet
So, the formula will be A2B3

Question 11.
The maximum number of hydrogen bonds that a molecule of water can have is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

Answer
Answer: (d) 4
Explanation:
Each water molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds with neighboring
water molecules. The two hydrogens of the water molecule can form hydrogen
bonds with other oxygens in ice, and the two lone pair of electrons on oxygen of the
water molecule can attract other hydrogens in ice. Hence, 4 possible hydrogen
bonds.

Question 12.
The number of types of bonds between two carbon atoms in calcium carbide is
(a) Two sigma, two pi
(b) One sigma, two pi
(c) One sigma, one pi
(d) Two sigma, one pi

Answer
Answer: (b) One sigma, two pi
Explanation:
A single bond between two atoms is always considered as sigma bond.
A double bond between two atoms is always considered as one sigma and one pi
bond
A triple bond between two atoms is always considered as one sigma bond and two
pi bonds.
So according to the given structure CaC2 (Calcium carbide) has 1 sigma and 2 pi
bonds

Question 13.
Based on lattice enthalpy and other considerations which one the following alkali
metals chlorides is expected to have the higher melting point?
(a) RbCl
(b) KCl
(c) NaCl
(d) LiCl

Answer
Question 14.
Dipole-induced dipole interactions are present in which of the following pairs?
(a) H2O and alcohol
(b) Cl2 and CCl4
(c) HCl and He atoms
(d) SiF4 and He atoms

Answer
Answer: (c) HCl and He atoms
Explanation:
HCl is polar (μ ≠ 0) and He is non-polar (μ = 0) gives dipole-induced dipole
interaction.

Question 15.
Among the following mixtures, dipole-dipole as the major interaction, is present in
(a) benzene and ethanol
(b) acetonitrile and acetone
(c) KCl and water
(d) benzene and carbon tetrachloride

Answer
Answer: (b) acetonitrile and acetone
Explanation:
Dipole-dipole interactions occur among the polar molecules. Polar molecules have
permanent dipoles. The positive pole of one molecule is thus attracted by the
negative pole of the other molecule. The magnitude of dipole-dipole forces in
different polar molecules is predicted on the basis of the polarity of the molecules,
which in turn depends upon the electro negativities of the atoms present in the
molecule and the geometry of the molecule (in case of polyatomic molecules,
containing more than two atoms in a molecule).
Question 16.
The charge/size ratio of a cation determines its polarizing power. Which one of the
following sequences represents the increasing order of the polarizing order of the
polarizing power of the cationic species, K+, Ca++, Mg2+, Be2+?
(a) Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Be+ < K+
(b) Mg2+ < Be2+ < K+ < Ca2+
(c) Be2+ < K+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+
(d) K+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Be2+

Answer
Answer: (d) K+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Be2+
Explanation:
High charge and small size of the cations increases polarisation.
As the size of the given cations decreases as
K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Be2+
Hence, polarising power decreases as K+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Be2+

Question 17.
The species having pyramidal shape is
(a) SO3
(b) BrF3
(c) SiO32-
(d) OSF2

Answer
Answer: (d) OSF2
Explanation:
The species having a pyramidal shape according to VSEPR theory is OSF 2. The
central S atom has 3 bonding domains (one S = O double bond and two S−F single
bonds) and one lone pair of electrons.

The electron pair geometry is tetrahedral and molecular geometry is pyramidal. This
is similar to the ammonia molecule.
Question 18.
The structure of IF7 is
(a) Pentagonal bipyramid
(b) Square pyramid
(c) Trigonal bipyramid
(d) Octahedral

Answer
Answer: (a) Pentagonal bipyramid
Explanation:
IF7 Hybridization is sp³d³
Structure is Pentagonal bipyramidal.

Question 19.
The outer orbitals of C in ethene molecule can be considered to be hybridized to give
three equivalent sp² orbitals. The total number of sigma (s) and pi (p) bonds in
ethene molecule is
(a) 1 sigma (s) and 2 pi (p) bonds
(b) 3 sigma (s) and 2 pi (p) bonds
(c) 4 sigma (s) and 1 pi (p) bonds
(d) 5 sigma (s) and 1 pi (p) bonds

Answer
Answer: (d) 5 sigma (s) and 1 pi (p) bonds
Explanation:
According to valence bond theory, two atoms form a covalent bond through the
overlap of individual half-filled valence atomic orbitals, each containing one unpaired
electron. In ethene, each hydrogen atom has one unpaired electron and each carbon
is sp² hybridized with one electron each sp² orbital. The fourth electron is in the p
orbital that will form the pi bond. The bond order for ethene is simply the number of
bonds between each atom: the carbon-carbon bond has a bond order of two, and
each carbon-hydrogen bond has a bond order of one.

Question 20.
Which of the following is a linear molecule?
(a) ClO2
(b) CO2
(c) NO2
(d) SO2

Answer
Answer: (b) CO2