10

Electronics
Quarter IV – Module 4
Understanding Audio electronics, video technology
and industrial control
Lesson 3: Identify standards for digital flatscreen TV
Electronics – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Regional Director: Ramir B. Uytico EdD, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director: Arnulfo M. Balane, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jessan C. Verano
Language Editors: Name
Content Editors: Name
Illustrators: Name
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Management Team:
Rosemarie M. Guino EdD, OIC – Chief, CLMD
Ryan R. Tiu EdD, EPS, CLMD – Science
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Name, Chief, CID
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
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Thank you.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Research 7 Self – Learning Module 1on (Lesson Title)!

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Explore
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are encouraged to think about the lessons
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At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
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If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 Explore

Introduction:
In past topics you were able to find out the segment of LED display, you also
learn how colored produces varied colors of picture. In this topic you will more be
enlightened on how television works specially that we called as the digital flat
screen TV compared to the analog type of television.

Digital Television (DTV) is the transmission of television audio signals using

digital encoding, in contrast to the earlier analog television which has the analog
signals. It is one of the innovative advancement of technology in the evolution of
television technology.

At the end of this module you will be able to:

1. Identify the standards of the digital flat screen television,
2. Examine your television at home if it is a digital television

Let’s have a short exercise!!!!!!!

Pre-assessment:
Direction: Choose the letter of your answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. How will you identify if a television is digital?

a. If it transmit audiovisual signals.
b. If it can transmit below 704 x 480 pixels
c. It it can transmit 20p to 24p frame rate
d. If it can transmit few channels at the same time
2. At what portion of UHF will a DTV operate?
a. 4MHz c. 6MHz
b. 5MHz d. 7MHz
3. What Digital TV Standard is applied in the Philippines?
a. ATSC c. ISDB
b. DVB d. DTMB
4. What DTV standard that is a digital radio transmission technology which is
used as part of national IT project in South Korea?
a. DTMB c. DMB
b. ATSC d. ISDB
5. What does “108i” frame rate in HDTV means?
a. 1930 x 1080 pixels display
b. 1920 x 1008 pixels display

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 1 of 18

 c. 1920 x 1800 pixels display
d. 1920 x 1080 pixels display
6. In “108i” what does “i” means?
a. integrated scan
b. interplayed scan
c. interlaced scan
d. interchange scan
7. In Digital Television , High definition only implies__________________.
a. that the digital television is the same as the analog type of TV.
b. that resolution of the digital television has a very high signal.
c. that resolution of digital television is lower than 1080i
d. that the digital television has a black and white color.
8. The HDTV format used by ABC and probably Fox. Has an image just about
1080i, while allowing other 480p signals to broadcast at the same time. What
does number 480 in “480p” represents?
a. refers to the scan of lines of images
b. it refers to the number of colors in a picture
c. it refers to the number of lines passing per unit of time
d. it refers to the number of lines of vertical resolution.
9. What is the highest resolution of a Digital Television?
a. 704 x 480 pixels
b. 1920 x 1080 pixels
c. 1050 x 1000 pixels
d. 1200 x 1080 pixels
10. The following are standards of Digital Television, which is not?
a. ATSC c. ISDB
b. DMB d. OFDM

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 2 of 18

 Learn

Digital Television (DTV) is the transmission of television audiovisual

signals using digital encoding, in contrast to the earlier analog television technology
which used analog signals. At the time of its development it was considered an
innovative advancement and represented the first significant evolution in television
technology. Since color television in the 1050’s. Modern digital television is
transmitted in high definition (HDTV) with higher resolution than analog TV. It
makes more economical use of scarce radio spectrum, it can transmit into several
channels in the same bandwidth as a single analog channel, also it provides many
features that analog television cannot.
DTV will generally use the UHF portion of the radio spectrum with a 6MHz,
just like analog TV signals. The Advanced Television Standards Committee (ATSC)
has set voluntary standards for digital television. Which includes sound and video
are encoded and transmitted. All digital standards are better in quality than analog
signals.
The ATSC (Advanced television Standards Committee) has set voluntary
standards for digital televisions including sound and video. It also set guidelines for
different levels of quality. They created 18 commonly used digital broadcast formats
for video quality than analog TV which cover different formats.

DTV usually uses MPEG-2 encoding, the industry standard for most DVDs,
to compress the signal to a reasonable size. It reduces the size of the data by a
factor of about 55:1 and it discards a lot of the visual information the human eye
would not notice.

ASPECT RATIO- standard television has only 4:3 aspect ratio, four units wider and
three unit high. The High Definition TV (HDTV) has an aspect ratio of 16:9, like a
movie screen.

RESOLUTION – the lowest standard resolution (SDTV) will be about the same as
the analog TV and will go up to 704 x480 pixels. The highest HDTV resolution is
1920 x1080 pixels. HDTV can display about ten times as many pixels as an analog
TV set.

FRAME RATE- this describes how many times it creates a complete picture on the
screen every second. Digital TV frame rates usually end in “I” or “p” to denote
whether they are interlaced or progressive. Frame rates range from 24p or (24
frames per second, progressive) to 60p (60 frames per second, progressive) for a
Digital TV. Some will have “108i” for an HDTV, it talks about a resolution of
1920x1080 pixels and can display 60 frames per second, interlaced. The HDTV is
the highest of all DTV standards.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 3 of 18

Progressive scan- means that the TV draws line 1 of the image , then draw line 2,
then line 3,etc. until it reaches the bottom screen. Them starting again for the next
page just like the computer monitor.

Interlaced scan- means drawing line 1 of the image , then line 3, line 5, every odd
number then comes back for the even numbered line. This how a regular TV works.

Computer images looks better than the image on your TV. In todays
technology progressive scan looks sharper than an interlaced scan. So the 480p
will look sharper than a 480i image.

Figure 1. Digital Television Format

STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL TELEVISION

 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) uses code orthogonal frequency-division

multiplexing (OFMD) modulation and supports hierarchical transmission.
Adopted in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. A fundamental decision of the
DVB Project was the selection of MPEG-2, one of a series of MPEG standards
for compression of audio and video signals. MPEG-2 reduces a single signal
from 166 Mbits to 5 Mbits allowing broadcasters to transmit digital signals
using existing cable, satellite, and terrestrial systems. MPEG-2 uses the lossy
compression method, which means that the digital signal sent to the television
is compressed and some data is lost. This lost data does not affect how the
human eye perceives the picture. Two digital television formats that use MPEG-
2 compression are standard definition television (SDTV) and high definition
television (HDTV). SDTV's picture and sound quality is similar to digital
versatile disk (DVD). HDTV programming presents five times as much
information to the eye than SDTV, resulting in cinema-quality programming.

 Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) uses eight-level vestigial

sideband (8VSB) for terrestrial broadcasting. Adopted in US, Canada, Mexico,
South Korea, Dominican Republic, Honduras.
 Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) is a system designed to provide
good reception to fixed receivers and also portable or mobile receivers. It
utilizes OFDM and two-dimensional interleaving. It supports hierarchical
transmission of up to three layers and uses MPEG-2 video and Advanced Audio

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 4 of 18

 Coding. This standard has been adopted in Japan and Philippines. ISDB-T
International is an adaptation using the standard of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC,
which has been adopted in South America and Portuguese Speaking African
Countries.
 Digital Terresitial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB) adopts time-domain
synchronous (TDS) OFDM technology with a pseudo-random signal frame to
serve as the guard interval of the OFDM block and the training symbol. The
DTMB has been adopted in China, Hong Kong, and Macau.
 Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) is a digital radio transmission
technology developed in South Korea as a part of the national IT project for
sending multimedia such as TV, radio and data casting such as mobile phones,
laptops and GPS navigation.

Figure 2. How a Digital TV works over Old Analog TV.

Engage

Activity 1:1. What type of Television do you have at home Analog or Digital? How
did you identify them? Below is a picture of a Television showing Analog channel
and Digital Channel. Make a short assessment on the picture and answer the
questions after.

A B

1. What side of the TV shows the Digital Channel? Why?

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 5 of 18

__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. What proof Digital Channel is seen on the TV? You can use its frame rate, data
casting, or resolution in explaining.
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. What type of Television you have at home? Give its specifications regarding on its
frame rate, resolution, and aspect ratio.
__________________________________________________________________________________

Apply

Activity 1.2.

I. Direction: Identify the following Standard of Digital Television. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

_____________1. Adopts the time-domain synchoronous OFDM technology with

pseudo-random signal frame. Adpoted in Peoples Republic of China, Hongkong,
Macau.
_____________2. Adaptation of this standard using H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, which is
adopted in South America.
_____________3. Uses the eight level vestigial sideband for terrestrial broadcasting,
which has adopted by U.S., Canada, Mexico.
_____________4. System designed to provide good reception to fixed receivers and
also portable or mobile receivers. Which is adopted in the Phillippines.
_____________5. It uses coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).
_____________6. It is a digital radio transmission technology developed in South
Korea as part of their national IT project.
II. Direction: Fill-in the table below.
DTV FORMATS

Horizontal Vertical lines Aspect ratio Frame Rate

lines
SDTV 640 1.___________ 4:3 2._____
SDTV 3._________ 480 4._________ 60p,60i,24p
5.______ 1280 720 16:9 6.___________
_
HDTV 7.__________ 1080 8.___________ 64i,24p,30p

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 6 of 18

 Assess

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What is the highest resolution of a Digital Television?
a. 704 x 480 pixels
b. 1920 x 1080 pixels
c. 1050 x 1000 pixels
d. 1200 x 1080 pixels
2. In Digital Television , High definition only implies__________________.
a. that the digital television is the same as the analog type of TV.
b. that resolution of the digital television has a very high signal.
c. that resolution of digital television is lower than 1080i
d. that the digital television has a black and white color.
3. Which of the two type of Digital TV has the cinema-quality programming?
a. SDTV c. DTV
b. HDTV d. Analog TV
4. What standard of Digital Television is good for mobile receivers?
a. DMB c. ISDB
b. ATSC d. DTMB
5. DVB uses MPEG -2, what does MPEG-2 do to make a high quality picture and
sound?
a. It decodes the picture once it is transmitted.
b. It produces more vibrant colors and transmit clear audio
c. It reduces a single signal from 166 Mbits to 5 Mbits allowing broadcasters
to transmit digital signals using existing cable, satellite, and terrestrial
systems.
d. All that is mentioned.
6. . What Digital TV Standard is applied in the Philippines?
a. ATSC c. ISDB
b. DVB d. DTMB
7. Which is used in most Digital Television that is also used in many computers?
a. interlaced scan c. terrestrial
b. progressive scan d. digital
8. What is the difference between interlaced scan and progressive scan?
a. Progressive scan draws a line on a picture from odd to even numbers
while interlaced scan draws a line from even to odd numbers.
b. Progressive scan draws a line vertically while interlaced scan do in
horizontal manner
c. Progressive scan present the picture at once while interlaced scan do it
gradually

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 7 of 18

 d. Progressive scan draws a line 1 in a picture followed by 2,3 until it
reaches the bottom while interlaced scan draws a line on odd numbers until it
reaches the bottom.
9. The HDTV format used by ABC and probably Fox. Has an image just about
1080i, while allowing other 480p signals to broadcast at the same time. What
does number 480 in “480p” represents?
a. refers to the scan of lines of images
b. it refers to the number of colors in a picture
c. it refers to the number of lines passing per unit of time
d. it refers to the number of lines of vertical resolution
10. . How will you identify if a television is digital?
a. If it transmit audiovisual signals.
b. If it can transmit below 704 x 480 pixels
c. It it can transmit 20p to 24p frame rate
d. If it can transmit few channels at the same time

II. Give the Acronym of the following.

1.ISDB=__________________________________________________________
2.DVB=___________________________________________________________
3.DMB=__________________________________________________________
4.ATSC=__________________________________________________________
5. DTMB=_________________________________________________________

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 8 of 18

 Answer Key

Assessment
1. B
2. B Engage
3. B
4. C (answer may vary depends
5. C on how the learner explain
6. C the teacher will set its own
7. B rubric in checking the
8. D learners answer. Pre-Assessment
9. D
10. C 1. A
11. ISDB-Integrated Apply 2.C
Services Digital 3.C
Broadcasting 1. DTMB 1. 480
4.C
12. DVB- Digital Video 5.D
2.ISDB-T 2.60p/60i
Broadcasting 6.C
13. DMB- Digital 3.ATSC 3.704 7.B
Multimedia 8.D
Broadcasting 4.ISDB 4.4.3 & 16:9 9. B
14. ATSC- Advanced 10.D
Television System 5.DVB 5. HDTV
Committee
15. DTMB- Digital 6. DMB 6.60p/30p
Terrestrial
Multimedia 7.1920
Broadcasting
8.16:9

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 9 of 18

 Reflect

Reflection guide questions / statement..

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 10 of 18

References
ecee.colorado.edu
electronics.howstuffworks.com
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-television
electronics.howstuffworks.com>HDTV
www.brittanica.com
www.dvb.org
www.techtarget.com

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 11 of 18

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