Fourier Series

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Room: DO 210
Course code:TECE3791

Fourier Series
This Lecture · · ·

I Introduction to Fourier Series

I Trigonometric Fourier Series
I Symmetry Considerations
I Exponential Fourier Series
I Circuit Applications
I Fourier Analysis with PSpice
I Applications
I Filters
I Spectrum Analyzers

Fourier Series
 Introduction to Fourier Series

I Fourier Series is used for periodic signals to expand them in terms of

their harmonics which are sinusoidal & Orthogonal to one another.
I Key words
I Periodic Signals
I Harmonics
I Sinusoidal
I Orthogional

Fourier Series
 Recall: Periodic Signals
I A signal is said to be periodic if it repeats itself after a regular interval of
time.
I By repeatition means the signal have the same value after a particular
time interval
I Example: ∆t = 5s
For a periodic signal f (t):
f (t) will remain the same if we oncrease the time by 5 s
I f (t) = f (t + 5)
f (t + 5) = f (t + 10)
f (t + (n−1)5) = f (t + n5)
=⇒ We can generalized it and say f (t + n5) = f (t + nT0 )
I T0 is a fundamental time period.
I Fundamental time period:(T0 ), =⇒ is the smallest positive value of
time for which signal is periodic
I PERIODICITY:f (t) = f (t ± nT0 )

Fourier Series
 Recall: Periodic Signals
I What is T0 and why is smallest?

I When
θ = 0, sinθ = 0
θ = π, sinθ = 0
θ = π2 , sinθ = 1
θ = 3π
2
, sinθ = −1
θ = 2π, sinθ = 0
I At: T0 = 2π The signal repeats itself, hence T0 = 2π

Fourier Series
 Recall: Periodic Signals
I What is T0 and why is smallest?

I At: T0 = 2π The signal repeats itself, hence 2π is a fundamental TIme

period
I Adding 2π to θ or Substracting 2π from θ:
The value of signal f (t) will remain the same as sinθ
I Therefore: sinθ = sin(θ ± n2π)
where 2π =⇒ Fundamental Time Period n is an integer
I When n = 2: sinθ = sin(θ ± 4π)
When n = 3: sinθ = sin(θ ± 6π)

Fourier Series
 Recall: Periodic Signals

I What is T0 and why is smallest?

I When n = 2: sinθ = sin(θ ± 4π)

When n = 3: sinθ = sin(θ ± 6π)
I It means 4π and 6π are time period for which signal of f (t) is periodic
but they are not fundamentals because they are not smallest.
I Fundamental time period:(T0 ) = 2π

Fourier Series
 Recall: Periodic Signals

I Fundamental frequency
1
f0 =
T0
I If we have the value of T0 than we can caluclate f0
I Fundamental Angular frequency ω0 = 2πf0 or

2π
ω0 =
T0

Fourier Series
 Introduction to Fourier Series: Harmonics
I Fourier Series is used for periodic signals to expand them in terms of
their harmonics which are sinusoidal & Orthogonal to one another.
I Understand the use of Fourier Series expansion in terms of
harmonics

Fourier Series
 Introduction to Fourier Series:Harmonics
I Fourier Series is used for periodic signals to expand them in terms of
their harmonics which are sinusoidal & Orthogonal to one another.
I Understand the use of Fourier Series expansion in terms of
harmonics
I Example:
f (t) = 2sinωt + sin2ωt + 7sin3ωt + · · · +

Fourier Series
 Introduction to Fourier Series:Harmonics

I Fourier Series is used for periodic signals to expand them in terms of

their harmonics which are sinusoidal & Orthogonal to one another.
I Example:
f (t) = 2sinωt + sin2ωt + 7sin3ωt + · · · +

I Focus on the Coefficients

I Second harmonic coefficient is: 1
I Third harmonic coefficient is: 7
I Third harmonic is dominant than the third harmonic

Fourier Series
 Introduction to Fourier Series:Sinusoidals

I Fourier Series is used for periodic signals to expand them in terms of

their harmonics which are sinusoidal & Orthogonal to one another.
I Sinusoidals

I Example: a0 + cosine terms + sine terms

I Orthogonal =⇒ of or involving right angles; at right angles,

(perperndicular)

Fourier Series