Course Code: QTTM509 Course title: Research Methodology1

Course Instructor: Dr. Pooja Kansra Section: Q2141

Academic Task no: 1 Academic Task Title: Elderly In India

2021

Date of allotment:10/9/2021 Date of Submission: 22/9/2021

Student’s Roll no: RQ2141A03, Students: Ishmeet Kaur, Priyanka Sharma,

RQ21411A01, RQ2141A02, RQ2141A04 Libin Lalu, Manmeet Juneja.

Learning Outcomes- What is the most effective method for writing a research report?
How to utilise MS-Excel to make statistical tools more accessible?
What is the way to write a research report?

Declaration:
I declare that this assignment is my individual work. I have not copied I from any other students
work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made explicitly in the
text, nor has any other part been written for me by any other person.

Evaluator’s comments (For Instructor’s use only)

General Observations Suggestions for Improvement Best part of assignment

Evaluator’s Signature and Date:Marks Obtained: _________________ Max.

Marks: _______________
 An empirical study on
Elderly in India: An analytical study on
The Economic status

By
Ishmeet Kaur, Priyanka Sharma
Libin Lalu, Manmeet Singh Juneja

On Research Methodology Project

Lovely Professional University

FACULTY GUIDE
Dr. Pooja Kansra
 PREFACE

A research report is an essential component of management studies. In the realm of

business management, it is extremely significant. It allows students to gain significant

experience and exposure to real-world work cultures, allowing them to bridge the gap

between the theories presented in the book and their actual application.

Research is critical to an individual's future development so that we can comprehend

the real environment in which he will work in the future. Theoretical knowledge is

substantially enhanced by theories, and they provide possibilities to combine theoretical

and practical knowledge, allowing researchers to get familiar with certain aspects of

research. We are pleased that I was chosen to conduct research on the topic of

ELDERLY IN INDIA 2021.

 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.NO. TOPIC

1 INTRODUCTION

2 SCHEMES FOR ELDERLY IN INDIA

3 OBJECTIVES

4 RASEARCH METHODOLOGY

5 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

6 CONCLUSION

7 RECOMMENDATIONS

8 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION

Human aging is a global phenomenon. Over time, all countries in the world are experiencing
growth in size and the number of older people in their population. It is an inevitable fact
associated with the development of the health system and medical care. With longevity and
declining fertility rates, the number of older people, i.e., 60 and older is growing faster than
most people around the world. This condition is known as population aging.

As people age faster, this has an impact on the socio-economic status and health of older people.
The United Nations adopted the First International Convention on Aging in Vienna in 1982,
and it was adopted by the General Assembly in 1991. The Committee on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights welcomed the general comment on economic and social and cultural rights and
welcomed general comment on the economic, social and cultural rights of older persons. In
1999, during the World Year of Adults, Strategic Framework based on the 4 Principles and
Principles of priority 4

(i) Adult status, (ii) Individual growth, (iii) Intergenerational relationships, (iv) Interpersonal
relationships, aging and development.

The Second World Conference on Aging (WAA) has unanimously welcomed Politics
Declaration and Action Plan of the Aging Strategy for Madrid in 2002. The 2004 Report of the
Secretary-General of the National Assembly commends it “Giving points focused on the aging
phase and providing them with adequate resources to continue to do the work.” World Elderly
Day is always celebrated year on 1 October.

Decreased fertility and long-term growth lead to an increase in old numbers people and the
ever-growing share of adults in people. Human aging has long-lasting effects on sustainable
development. Sustainable Development Goal 3 focuses on the well-being of all people at all
ages and thus speaks for itself aging again. India is committed to the SDGs and has been
pushing the world forward indicators on national development indicators.

Without further decline in fertility and life expectancy, human aging another positive influence
on the reduction in infant, child and maternal mortality, reduction in infectious diseases and
better control of non-communicable diseases. People now live longer than before. Human
aging, therefore, requires adequate policies as well the government's move to ensure that
countries retain sustainable economic growth, and eradicate it poverty and redress of inequality.
Although aging is a natural part of human life, it is it also brings countless problems to the
elderly. Great the problems of adults, as found in various studies, are given below:

• Economic Crisis: These are the most important of all the other problems faced by the elderly.
As the years go by, more and more people have to go out and work resulting in job losses and
income. This includes the reduction of self-confidence and well-being. Lack of adequate
financial resources makes it even worse It is difficult to manage the issues and needs related to
aging.

• Physical Problems: As you grow older, older people become more diverse physical and
physiological changes. These changes bring many minds, behavioural and thinking changes in
them. Loss of energy and body it becomes more difficult when a person is growing up and
needs systematic management.

• Housing-related problems: Older people's homes need to be eligible deteriorating conditions

and illnesses, often associated with recent years health viz. visual impairment hearing, hearing
loss and uncertainty of steps, severe dehydration and disability, such as blindness, forgetfulness
etc.

• Crime targeting older persons: Older people are at greater risk of attack any crime, because
they are soft victims. Crime cases against the elderly they wake up. Older people face many
challenges, such as murder, theft, assault, and cheating and bag snatching known and unknown
people.

The problem of aging requires the availability of relevant information at demographic, various
problems of the elderly and their environment, etc. Population Aging analysis in Ratio of old
age as a representative of economic dependence of the elderly. Human aging has many societies
as well policy outcomes. Transformation of people threatens to reduce staff participation and
savings, increase health costs, and pension and health schemes.

The spread of non-communicable diseases is increasingly burdensome for the elderly.

Technological innovations and institutions that can reduce the effects of aging is very important
to deal with problems.

To reduce the negative effects of the elderly, social well-being as well economic policies must
be developed. For society to adapt to old age and creativity society to adapt to a changing
society, the welfare policies of the elderly must be the same it needs to be evaluated with proper
scrutiny and reconstruction. New priorities must be added in the rare resources of older people's
social programs, while they still have to deal with problems for young people. Women's issues
are also very important in consideration of community policies for older persons. Because of
the better life span for women live longer than men. Exacerbated risks for women across their
life course make them more vulnerable in old age. Appropriate care and support for them is a
priority area.

SCHEMES FOR ELDERLY IN INDIA

International Day of Older Persons

Between 2015 and 2030, the Sustainable Development Goals' target dates, the global
population of older people will grow by 56%, from 901 million to more than 1.4 billion. By
2030, the number of people aged 60 and up will outnumber those aged 15 to 24 years.
Ageism is a widespread and discriminatory condition that originates from the belief that age
discrimination, as well as the neglect and abuse of the elderly, is commonplace and hence
acceptable in society.
It manifests itself in people's attitudes, institutional actions and policies, as well as media
representation that demoralises and excludes older people in all societies. Governments all
over the world ratified a resolution by the Council on Economic and Social Affairs in 2014,
recognising age as a "common, justified, and discriminatory source of age discrimination."
The United Nations National Council (resolution 45/106) designated 1 October as
International Day of Older Persons (UNIDOP) on 14 December 1990, with the goal of
promoting an age-appropriate agenda.
The 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) perceive that improvement
might be accomplished on the off chance that it covers each year. Enabling more established
people in every aspect of improvement, including advancing their dynamic interest in
friendly, financial and political life, is one approach to guarantee comprehensiveness and
lessen imbalance.
The year 2020 imprints the 30th commemoration of International Adult Day. This year
likewise saw the arrival of COVID-19, which has created a worldwide ruckus. Given the
high danger that more established individuals face during flare-ups of illnesses, for example,
COVID-19, approach and program intercessions ought to be pointed toward bringing issues
to light of their extraordinary necessities. Perceiving the commitment of more seasoned
individuals to their wellbeing and the numerous jobs they play in the phases of planning and
reaction to ebb and flow and future pestilences are likewise significant.

This year was additionally hailed as the "Extended period of Nurses and Midwives". World
Adult Day 2020 will feature the job of wellbeing experts in adding to the prosperity of the
older, with uncommon acknowledgment for nursing work, and a solid spotlight on the job of
ladies - who are minimized and by and large unduly redressed.

The 2020 festival will likewise advance the Decade of Healthy Aging (2020-2030) and assist
with uniting UN specialists, common society, government and wellbeing experts to talk about
the five key goals of the Global Strategy and Action Plan on Aging and Health at the hour of
composing. progress and difficulties in their execution. The worldwide procedure is very
much incorporated into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while maturing issues
decrease 17 objectives, most remarkably Johannesburg 3 which plans to "guarantee a solid
life and advance the prosperity surprisingly at all ages".
The 2020 subject intends to:
• Raise attention to the unique wellbeing needs of more seasoned people and their
commitment to their wellbeing and prosperity in the networks in which they live.
• Raise mindfulness and consciousness of the job of wellbeing laborers in keeping up
with and working on the soundness of more seasoned people, by zeroing in on nursing
• Current proposition to lessen the wellbeing hole between more established people in
created and agricultural nations, so that "nobody is abandoned".
• Raise familiarity with the effect of COVID-19 on the old and its effect on medical
care strategy, arranging and mentalities.
Indira Gandhi Adult Pension Scheme
The Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS), earlier known as the
"Public Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS)" is a social area program and is important for
the National Assistance Program (NSAP) which became effective on August 15, 1995. This
program furnishes with social help for the old.

Qualification measures
To look for unified help, the accompanying conditions will apply:
• The age of the candidate (male or female) will be 60 years or more
• The candidate should have a place with a poverty stricken family as per the models set
by the Government of India.
Example of help
The middle help gave as an annuity is Rs. 200pm for individuals between the ages of 60 and
79. F or people 80 years and more established of benefits Rs.500/ - each month. Countries
are firmly encouraged to give no less than an equivalent add up to the help given by the
Central Government with the goal that the recipients can get quality consideration.

Jeevan Pramaan

Jeevan Pramaan is an advanced enabled computerized retired people administration. Retired

people of the Central Government, the State Government or one more organ of state might
profit from this office. The program was dispatched on November 10, 2014. The recipients
of the program are multiple crore workers who have resigned from government and PSU.
One more prerequisite for beneficiaries to resign is to give life endorsements to annuity
administrative bodies like Banks, Post Offices, and so on To get this wellbeing testament a
retired person is needed to introduce oneself before the Pension Disbursing Agency or be
given with a Life Certificate of past business and to carry it to the responsible organization.
• Through Jeevan Pramaan, a retired person would now be able to give evidence of their
life to the experts on the continuation of the yearly benefits as opposed to requiring that
person to substantiate oneself through a Life Certificate gave by specific specialists.
• The Digital Life Certificate isn't accessible for Retired Pensioners or Re-Employees.
They are mentioned to present a wellbeing endorsement in the typical way to their Pension
Disbursing Authority.
Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY) is a Pension Scheme reported by the
Government of India solely for the senior residents matured 60 years or more which was
accessible from fourth May, 2017 to 31st March, 2020. The plan is currently reached out up
to 31st March, 2023 for a further time of three years past 31st March, 2020.

Advantages of the plan

Following are the significant advantages under the Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana
(PMVVY):
• Scheme gives at first a guaranteed pace of return of 7.40 % per annum for the year 2020-
21 for each annum and from there on to be reset each year. For Financial Year 2021-22, the
Scheme will give a guaranteed annuity of 7.40% p.a. payable month to month. This
guaranteed pace of annuity will be payable for the full strategy term of 10 years for every
one of the arrangements bought till 31st March, 2022.
• Pension is payable toward the finish of every period, during the strategy term of 10 years,
according to the recurrence of month to month/quarterly/half-yearly/yearly as picked by the
retired person at the hour of procurement.
• The conspire is absolved from GST.
• On endurance of the beneficiary to the furthest limit of the approach term of 10 years,
Purchase cost alongside definite benefits portion will be payable.
• Loan upto 75% of Purchase Price will be permitted following 3 strategy years (to meet the
liquidity needs). Credit interest will be recuperated from the annuity portions and advance to
be recuperated from guarantee continues.
• The conspire additionally considers untimely exit for the treatment of any basic/terminal
disease of self or companion. On such untimely exit, 98% of the Purchase Price will be
discounted.
• On passing of the retired person during the strategy term of 10 years, the Purchase Price
will be paid to the recipient.
• The roof of greatest benefits is for a family all in all, the family will include retired person,
his/her companion and dependants.
Qualification Conditions and Other Restrictions
1. Minimum Entry Age: 60 years (finished)
2. Maximum Entry Age: No breaking point
3. Policy Term : 10 years
4. Investment breaking point : Rs 15 lakh for each senior resident
5. Minimum Pension:
• Rs. 1,000/- every month
• Rs. 3,000/- per quarter
• Rs. 6,000/- every half-year
• Rs. 12,000/- annually
Maximum Pension:
• Rs. 9,250/- each month
• Rs. 27,750/- per quarter
• Rs. 55,500/- per half-year
• Rs. 1,11,000/- annually
 OBJECTIVES

1. To investigate the existing situation of India's elderly people's needs and rights.
2. To have a better understanding of the different issues that India's elderly face.
3. To examine the older population in India, their economic condition, sources of income,
and their dependency as well as the health challenges they face.
4. Advocate for or recommend certain points to policy makers, planners and decision-
makers in order to formulate effective older age policies.

REFERENCE

We have collected our data referring the following:

1. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI):

It is the Indian Government Department responsible for coverage and quality features of
the published statistics. The research conducted by the Department is based on sampling methods
of science. The Department of Statistics and Performance Management (MOSPI) became the
Independent Minister on 15 October 1999 following the merger of the Department of Statistics
and the Department of Program Implementation.

2. Agewell Research and Advocacy centre:

It is an organization of more than 1,500 NGOs and 6500 volunteers spread across 540 Indian
counties, committed to establishing better intergenerational
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making decisions.

Publication research, interviews, surveys, and other research approaches may be used as part
of the process, which could contain both current and historical data. Descriptive research,
analytical research, fundamental research, conceptual research, and empirical research are all
examples of research.

This research is based on descriptive research to complete this study secondary source of
information is used. The secondary data is collected from published thesis, reputed journals,
magazines and related websites. The information gathered is inspected, compiled, analysed,
and then used for the study.

Research Design:

Descriptive research design was adopted for this study as this research sheds light on existing
challenges or problems through a data collection technique that allows them to characterise
the situation more fully than could be done elsewhere

 Sampling Design: The following factors have been decided within the scope of
sample design:
Universe: Universe of the study means all the persons who are the Elders in India.

Sampling technique: A convenient sampling technique will be applied for the aim of
research because of the convenience of volunteering or selecting units due of their availability
or ease of access.

Sampling frame: It consisted of various sources from where information about the sample
universe can be collected.

 Data collection sources: The secondary data are used for the collection of
information for the study.
 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
ELDERLY IN INDIA
(IN MILLIONS)

ELDERLY POPULATION(ABOVE THE AGE OF 60YRS) IN INDIA

SOURCE TOTAL RESIDENCE
MALE FEMALE PERSON RURAL URBAN
Cencus 1961 12.4 12.4 24.7 21 3.7
Cencus 1971 15.8 16.9 32.7 27.3 5.4
Cencus 1981* 21.1 22 43.2 34.7 8.5
Census 1991** 27.3 29.4 56.7 44.3 12.4
Cencus 2001*** 38.9 37.8 76.6 57.4 19.2
Cencus 2011*** 52.8 51.1 103.8 73.3 30.6
Cencus 2021 66.8 71.1 137.9 NA NA
Cencus 2031 92.9 100.9 193.8 NA NA

TABLE-1
November 2019 Population Census Data and Report of the Technical Group on Population
Projections, Population Projections for India and States 2011-2036, Census of India 2011
* Due to tumultuous conditions, the 1981 Census could not be held in Assam. The population
figures for Assam in 1981 were calculated using 'interpolation.'
** Jammu and Kashmir did not participate in the 1991 Census. 'Interpolation' was used to calculate
the population of Jammu and Kashmir in 1991.
*** The data include the estimated population of Manipur's Senapati district's MAO Maram,
Paomata, and Purul sub-divisions.
(A Census in 2021 and 2031 is expected.)

Source: MOSPI

Sex- w i se Di stri buti on of Elderly Popul ation ( Aged 60

Years &Above) in India

Male Graph-1.1
Female

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021(P) 2031 (P)

Population Census/Projections
P: Projected
 Distribution of Elderly population (aged 60 years & above) in India
by residence

30.6
Rural Urban

19.2

12.4

8.5 73.3
5.4 57.4
3.7 44.3
34.7

21
27.3
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population Census
Graph-1.2
ANALYSIS OF PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN POPULATION FROM ONE CENSUS
TO ANOTHER

YEARS CHANGE IN POPULATION

1961-71 32.39%
1971-81 32.110%
1981-91 31.250%
1991-2001 35.097%
2001-11 35.509%
2011-21 32.852%
2021-31 40.537%

Calculated with the use of MS-Excel.

INTERPRETATION- There is a continuous change seen at every census and the expected
change from 2011-2021 may be 32.852% and from 2021-2031 may be 40.537%.
 ECONOMIC STATUS OF ELDERLY IN INDIA
(AVERAGE)

OLD AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO BY SEX AND RESIDENCE IN INDIA

YEAR DEPENDANT RESIDENCE
MALE FEMALE PERSON RURAL URBAN
1961 10.9 10.9 10.9 11.4 8.7
1971 11.4 11.6 11.5 12.2 8.9
1981 11.8 12.2 12 13 9.2
1991 12.2 12.2 12.2 13.2 9.7
2001 12.5 13.8 13.1 14.4 10.8
2011 13.6 14.9 14.2 15.1 12.4
2021 14.8 16.7 15.7
2031 18.8 21.5 20.1

Source: MOSPI TABLE-2

NUMBER OF DEPENDANTS

2031
2021
2011
2001
1991
1981
1971
1961

0 5 10 15 20 25

PERSON FEMALE MALE

GRAPH-2.1

Old age dependency ratio in India by Place of Residence

13 14.4
11.4 12.2 13.2
12.4
8.7 8.9 9.2 9.7 10.8

Rural
Urban

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

2011
Graph2.2 Population Census
 ANALYSIS

Average old age dependency ratio (1961-2011) 148

Male 48.92%
Female 51.08%

Expected average old age dependency ratio(2021-2031)

Male 46.80%
Female 53.20%

(COFFICIENT OF VARIENCE)- The variance in the given period of time-

Male-19.355, Female-24.616

(Calculated with the help of MS-Excel)

INTERPRETATION - The average age dependency ratio from 1961 to 2011 is 148, out of
which 48.92% are male and 51.08% are female.And the expected average age dependency
ratio from 2021-31 is 71.8, of which 46.8% are male and 53.20% are female.
 OLD AGE INDEPENDENT ELDERS IN INDIA BY SEX AND RESIDENCE
YEAR INDEPENDENT ELDERS RESIDENCE
MALE FEMALE RURAL URBAN
1995-96 101 24 61 64
2004 107 31 65 73
2017-18 105 21 58 68

Source: MOSPI table-3

120

101
107 105 INDEPENDENT ELDERS IN INDIA
100

80 73
65 68
61 64
58
60

40 31
24 21
20

0
MALE FEMALE RURAL URBAN
INDEPENDENT ELDERS RESIDENCE
1995-96 2004 2017-18

GEAPH-3

INTERPRETATION - With the given information, we can see that there are more
economically independent males than female
 Percentage distribution of economicaly dependent aged persons by category of person supporting them
Year Population sub-group Spouse Own Children Grand Children Others Total

Male 7 85 2 6 100
Rural Female 16 75 3 6 100
Person 13 78 3 6 100
2004
Male 6 87 2 6 100
Urban Female 19 71 3 7 100
Person 15 76 3 6 100
Male 4 92 1 3 100
Rural Female 21 72 3 5 100
Person 15 79 2 4 100
2017-18
Male 4 91 1 4 100
Urban Female 24 70 2 4 100
Person 18 76 2 4 100
Source: MOSPI TABLE-4

INTERPRETATION-As per the given data 12.625% of the total elderly’s are dependent on
their spouse, 80.375% on their own children, 2.125% are dependent on their grandchildren,
5.125% are dependent on others.

SOURCE OF INCOME
SOURCE PERCENTAGE
Pension 41.43%
Interest, Rent etc. 18.75%
Job/ Gainful Engagements 11.69%
Business/ Profession 10.50%
Old age pension 12.36%
NO 5.27%
SOURCE- AGEWELL FOUNDATION TABLE-5

Source of income

50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
INTERPRETATION - In India, 41.43% of the elderly rely on pensions, 18.75% on interest
rents, 12.69% on gainful employment, 10.50% on business/profession, and 12.36% on old
age pensions, with 5.27% having no source of income.

MONTHLY INCOME OF ELDERLY

AMOUNT PERCENTAGE
No 17%
<5000 23%
5000-10000 25%
10000-20000 19%
>20000 16%

SOURCE—AGEWELL FOUNDATION TABLE-6

MONTHLY INCOME OF ELDERLY

>20000, 16%, No, 17%, 17%

16%
10000-20000,
19%, 19% <5000, 23%, 23%

5000-10000, 25%,
25%

No <5000 5000-10000 10000-20000 >20000

Graph-6

INTERPRETATION- In India, 16% of the elderly earn more than 20,000, 19% earn
between 10,000 and 20,000, 25% earn between 5,000 and 10,000, 23% earn 5,000, and 17%
earn nothing and are completely reliant on the government, family and friends.

.
 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF ELDERLY PERSONS BY USUAL STATUS(ps+ss)
RESIDENCE SEX AGE GROUP(in years)
60-64 65 and above
Employed Unemployed Not as a labour Employed Unemployed Not as a labour
2011-12
Rural Male 82.8 0 17.8 53.4 0 46.6
Female 31.8 0 68.2 14.1 0 85.9
Person 56.7 0 43.3 33.9 0 66.1
Urban Male 49.4 0 50.6 28.6 0 71.4
Female 11.5 0 88.5 5.4 0 94.6
Person 29.9 0 70.1 16.8 0 83.2
2018-19
Rural Male 71.8 0.1 28.2 37.3 0.2 62.5
Female 21.2 0 78.8 9.9 0 90.1
Person 45.6 0 54.3 24.3 0.1 75.6
Urban Male 51.1 0.3 48.6 23.1 0.2 76.6
Female 10 0 89.9 5.9 0 94.3
Person 29.8 0.2 70 14.3 0.1 85.6
Source: MOSPI TABLE-7

INTERPRETATION- The share of senior people in the age range 60-64 years participating
in economic activity has declined from 49.3 percent in 2011-12 to 40.9 percent in 2018-19, as
shown in the table. A similar trend in economic activity involvement has been observed
among those aged 65 and up.
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONS AGED 60 YEARS AND ABOVE BY
STATE OF ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE, 2917-18
States Male Female
Independent Partially Dpendent Fully Dependent Independent Partially Dpendent Fully Dependent
Andhra Pradesh 103 44 54 31 50 119
Arunachal Pradesh 97 57 47 40 98 62
Assam 75 59 66 17 41 142
Bihar 103 47 49 14 38 147
Chattisgarh 89 46 65 23 48 129
Delhi 138 43 19 6 28 166
Goa 70 68 63 3 96 103
Gujrat 94 38 68 17 38 145
Haryana 115 40 45 31 85 83
Himachal Pradesh 141 43 14 29 62 109
Jammu & Kashmir 123 38 39 5 32 164
Jharkhand 83 66 51 11 52 137
Karnataka 113 41 46 20 51 130
Kerala 100 55 45 20 69 111
Madhya Pradesh 118 43 39 24 45 131
Maharashtra 98 44 57 22 40 140
Manipur 83 80 38 37 89 74
Meghalaya 134 27 51 40 27 134
Mizoram 121 34 45 60 47 92
Nagaland 91 67 42 8 88 104
Odisha 92 54 54 16 44 140
Punjab 99 41 61 7 33 160
Rajasthan 110 38 52 18 41 140
Sikkim 79 37 85 11 66 123
Tamil Nadu 111 41 49 26 54 120
Telengana 100 43 57 26 43 132
Tripura 127 37 35 27 29 149
Uttarakhand 65 20 15 6 24 69
TABLE-8
Source: MOSPI

ANALYSIS

MALE FEMALE
Total Population 11022 5514 5508
Male 50.03% INDEPENDENT PARTIALLY DEPENDENT DEPENDENT INDEPENDENT PARTIALLY DEPENDENT DEPENDENT
Female 49.97% 52.086% 23.413% 24.501% 10.802% 26.471% 62.727%
 Calculated with the use of MS-Excel

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ELDERS IN ANY STATE

Independent 103
Male Partially dependent 43
Fully dependent 45
Independent 31
Female Partially dependent 41
Fully dependent 140

Calculated mode with the use of MS-Excel

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ELDERS IN ANY STATE

Fully dependent
Female

Partially dependent

Independent

Fully dependent
Male

Partially dependent

Independent

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Graph-8

Standard deviation of the males and females with in the given

states

Standard deviation
Independent 20.034
Male Partially dependent 13.062
Fully dependent 15.669
Independent 13.014
Female Partially dependent 21.677
Fully dependent 27.975

Calculated with the help of MS-Excel

 HEALTH STATUS

Percentage distribution of aged persons

Characteristics Rural Urban
Male Female Person Male Female Person
2004
Percentage of aged persons reporting illness
all-India 29 29 29 36 39 38
Own perception about current state of health with chronic illness
Excellent/very good 2 1 2 3 2 2
Good/fair 57 51 54 63 61 62
Poor 39 45 42 32 35 34
all 100 100 100 100 100 100
Own perception about current state of health without chronic illness
Excellent/very good 8 4 6 11 7 9
Good/fair 73 73 73 75 75 75
Poor 14 18 16 11 14 12
all 100 100 100 100 100 100
2017-18
Percentage of aged persons reporting illness
all-India 24 25 25 34 34 34
Own perception about current state of health with chronic illness
Excellent/very good 2 2 2 7 4 5
Good/fair 62 56 59 67 67 67
Poor 36 43 39 26 29 28
all 100 100 100 100 100 100
Own perception about current state of health without chronic illness
Excellent/very good 11 7 9 15 11 13
Good/fair 74 73 74 75 76 76
Poor 15 19 17 9 13 11
all 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE-9

Note: Chronic illnesses include respiratory, cardiovascular, central nervous, musculoskeletal,

gastrointestinal, genito-urinary, skin disorders, goitre, elephantiasis, eye issues/diseases, ENT
difficulties/diseases, mouth and dental problems, and others.
Source: MOSPI

INTERPRETATION- Among the elderly with sickness, the proportion of those who
consider themselves to be in good or fair health increased in 2017-18 compared to 2004.
 CONCLUSION

1. The most important demographic indicator for a country is its population. Since 1961,
India's old population has been gradually expanding. After the census of 1981, the
older population grew at a quicker rate, owing to a fall in the death rate as a result of
numerous health efforts. Between 2001 and 2011, the senior population increased by
more than 27 million people.
2. The old age dependence ratio indicates the number of people aged 60 and up per 100
people in the 15-59 age group. In the old age dependence ratio, there is a rising trend.
The ratio has risen from 10.9 percent in 1961 to 14.2 percent in 2011, with further
increases expected in 2021 and 2031, respectively, to 15.7 percent and 20.1 percent.
In addition, the reliance ratio for females and males is increasing, with estimated
dependency ratios of 14.8 percent and 16.7 percent for girls and boys, respectively, in
2021. However, there are considerable changes in old age dependence ratios between
rural and urban areas over time, which could be attributable to a higher concentration
of working-age population in urban areas.
3. According to the NSS 75th Round: Social Consumption on Health in India, which
was done in 2017-18, nearly 70% of the elderly had to rely on others for day-to-day
upkeep. The position of senior ladies was not encouraging, with only 10% and 11%
being economically self-sufficient in rural and urban areas, respectively, whereas
elderly males fared much better, with 48 percent and 57 percent being economically
self-sufficient in rural and urban areas, respectively.
4. In 2017-18, it was discovered that the majority of economically dependent older
males in both rural and urban areas were financially supported by their own children,
followed by their spouses, grandchildren, and others. A similar pattern has been
noticed in the case of older women. There has been no substantial movement in this
direction since 2004.
5. According to the 2018-19 Periodic Labor Force Survey (PLFS), around 65 percent of
elderly men and 18 percent of elderly women in the age group 60-64 years engaged in
economic activity. In rural and urban areas, however, there is a greater disparity. In
rural areas, 72 percent of old men and 21% of senior women were involved in
economic activities, whereas in urban areas, just 51% of elderly men and 10% of
elderly women were involved. Similarly, participation in economic activity by the old
 male and female is shown to be at a substantially lower level in the age group 65
years and above.
6. In India, 41.43% of the elderly rely on pensions, 18.75% on interest rents, 12.69% on
gainful employment, 10.50% on business/profession, and 12.36% on old age
pensions, with 5.27% having no source of income.
7. In India, 16% of the elderly earn more than 20,000, 19% earn between 10,000 and 20,000,
25% earn between 5,000 and 10,000, 23% earn 5,000, and 17% earn nothing and are
completely reliant on the government, family and friends
8. Among the elderly with sickness, the proportion of those who consider themselves to
be in good or fair health increased in 2017-18 compared to 2004.
 RECOMMENDATIONS

1. POVERTY AND INCOME SECURITY IS TO BE CONSIDERED - It’s a matter of

survival for many, Without virtually any source of income in old age.43.6% of the
elderly (60 years and above) in India suffer from financial crisisand are totally
dependent on others for their financial requirements.
The Indian government and society should pay attention to the elderly, their financial
aspirations, and their needs.
2. UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE- Two generation of older people are living alone
without family support is a huge challenge for the universal healthcare
At the age of 60, life expectancy was found to be about 18 years16.9 for men and 19
for women.
3. More flexible and user-friendly financial systems are needed to assist the elderly.
4. For many people, finding gainful re-employment is a major worry. Many people
desire it because they are entirely active but retired. Some people require it due to
unfinished commitments. For the most part, it's a matter of survival; for others, it's
simply a matter of keeping themselves occupied.
5. It is necessary to make their rights more obvious.
6. The most vital aspect is family support, as nothing else can truly alleviate the anguish
of loneliness.
7. Abuse of the elderly- As the nuclear family has grown in popularity, older people
have become victims of elder abuse.Misbehavior, for example, is an example of
abuse. Mistreatment, a lack of social opportunities,Abuse/torture of the mind, denial
of basic human rights ,physical harassment/assault, and so on.
“A SOCIETY THAT DOES NOT VALUE ITS
OLDER PEOPLE DENIES ITS ROOTS AND
ENDANGERS ITS FURTURE. LET US
STRIVE TO ENHANCE THEIR CAPACITY
TO SUPPORT THEMSELVES FOR AS
LONG AS POSSIBLE AND, WHEN THEY
CANNOT DO SO ANYMORE TO CARE FOR
THEM.”
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

elderly india 2021.cdr (mospi.nic.in)

Human Rights of Older People in India - A Reality Check - July 2014.pdf

(agewellfoundation.org)

PEER MARKING
Ishmeet Kaur- 10 /10
Priyanka Sharma- 10/10
Libin Lalu- 9/10
Manmeet Singh Juneja 7 /10