MGM’s POLYTECHNIC, AURANGABAD

2021-2022
Micro Project Report
On

“Design Knuckle Joint”

Submitted in partial fulfillment for ‘I’ Scheme Fifth semester of

Diploma in MECHANICALENGINEERING By

Nanak Shinde (1915010298)

Vrushab Annadate (1915010320)
Aryan Borude (1915010335)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Bhalekar B.D.

(Lecturer in mechanical
engineering)

In Pursuit of Excellence

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

Certificate of Completion

This is to certify that Mr. Nanak Shinde, Vrushab Annadate, Aryan Borude with Enrollment No.

1915010298, 1915010320, 1915010335 has successfully completed we Micro-Project entitled “Design of

Knuckle Joint” in the Course/Subject of “Elements of Machine Design (22564)” in the Fifth semester during

their tenure of completing the Diploma programmed in Mechanical Engineering From MGM's Polytechnic

Institute with institute code 1501.

Prof. BhalekarB.D Prof. Bhalekar B.D

Guide HOD
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering

Dr. B.M. Patil

Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our gratitude towards guide Prof. Bhalekar B.D For the useful

comments, remarks and for giving his valuable guidance and inspiration throughout the learning

process of this report. Furthermore, we would like to thank our Prof. B. D. Bhalekar (HOD) for

making available all the facilities for the successful completion of this work and other staff

members of Mechanical Engineering Department for their valuable help. It is with humble

gratitude & sense of indebtedness; we thank my respected and esteemed Dr. B. M. Patil

(Principal) for his valuable guidance, suggestion and constant support which lead towards

successful completion of this work.

Date: 20 / 12 / 2021
Place: Aurangabad

Nanak Shinde (1915010298)

Vrushab Annadate (1915010320)
Aryan Borude (1915010335)
 INDEX

Sr. Content Page

No. No.
1
Micro-Project Proposal (ANNEXURE-I)

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 1

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed 1

3.0 Proposed Methodology 1

4.0 Action Plan 1

5.0 Resources Required 1

Micro-Project Report(ANNEXURE-II)

1.0 Rationale 3

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 3

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved 3

4.0 Literature Review 3

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed 4

6.0 Actual Resources Used 4

7.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects 4

8.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project 4

9.0 Applications of this Micro-Project 5

 Design of Knuckle joint

“Design of Knuckle Joint”

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project

The ultimate Aim of the Micro- Project is to Design Knuckle Joint, How does
Knuckle Joint working, Where Knuckle Joint are used, which stresses act on
Knuckle Joint , finding this things is our aim.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

A knuckle joint is a type of pin joint used to join two components that are loaded in
tension.

3.0 Proposed Methodology

First of all, we decided our project title, we are went to search about our topic then we
collect data and Information related our topic then we sort out the important data for
collected data. Then, we work on the data, we start working on project. Then we collect
the required resources for making the Project and then we understand the importance of
our project. We discuss the points with the guide then we work on the project as the
guideline of our guide.

4.0 Action Plan

Name of
Planned Start Planned Responsible
S. No. Details of activity
date Finish date
Team Members
1 Finalization of Micro Project Team 10/12/2021 10/12/2021
2 Finalization of Topic 11/12/2021 11/12/2021
3 Literature Survey 12/122021 12/12/2021
Submission of Micro-Project Proposal Nanak Shinde,
4 (ANNEXURE-I) 13/12/2021 13/12/2021
Vrushab
5 Proposed Methodology 14/12/2021 15/12/2021
Annadate,
Aryan Borude
Submission of Micro-Project Report
6 (ANNEXURE-II) 15/12/2021 16/12/2021

5.0 Resources Required

MGM’s Polytechnic Aurangabad 1

 Design of Knuckle Joint

S. No. Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty.

1 Computer system 4 GB Ram 1

2 Search Engine - 1
3 Creo parametric 4.0 1

6.0 Name of Team Members with Roll Nos.

1) Nanak Shinde [32135]

2) Vrushab Annadate [32150]
3) Aryan Borude [32161]

*********

MGM’s Polytechnic Aurangabad 2

 Design of Knuckle Joint

“Design of Knuckle Joint”

1.0 Rationale

A knuckle joint is a type of pin joint used to join two components that are loaded in tension.
One component has a fork with a hole passing through both sides, forming a double eye,
while the other component has a single eye. The single eye is inserted between the double
eyes so that all three holes are concentric and a pin is used to secure the components.

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

The ultimate Aim of the Micro- Project is to Design Knuckle Joint, How does
Knuckle Joint working, Where Knuckle Joint are used, which stresses act on
Knuckle Joint , finding this things is our aim.

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved

Design of power transmission element like shaft, keys and coupling.

4.0 Literature Review

A mechanical joint is a section of a machine which is used to connect one or more
mechanical part to another. Mechanical joints may be temporary or permanent, most types
are designed to be disassembled. Most mechanical joints are designed to allow relative
movement of these mechanical parts of the machine in one degree of freedom, and restrict
movement in one or more others.
A pin joint, also called a revolute joint, is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic pair. It
constrains the motion of two bodies to pure rotation along a common axis. The joint doesn't
allow translation, or sliding linear motion. This is usually done through a rotary bearing. It
enforces a cylindrical contact area, which makes it a lower kinematic pair, also called a full
joint.
A knuckle joint is used to connect the two rods which are under the tensile load when there is
requirement of a small amount of flexibility or when angular movement is necessary. There
is always axial or linear line of action of load.
The knuckle joint assembly consists of the following major components:

1. Single eye.
2. Double eye or fork
3. Knuckle pin.

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 Design of Knuckle Joint

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed

a. First of all, we decided the topic of our project i.e. Prepare a Report on ‘Design
Knuckle Joint ’.
b. Then we collected the necessary data, information required for our project.
c. Then we pick the important data for the collected data.
d. Then we collect required study material for making the project.
e. Then we discuss the points with the Guide.
f. Then we planned the schedules.
g. Then we started working us per our plan.
h. Then we started working on project.
i. And finally, we completed our project.

6.0 Actual Resources Used

S. No. Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty.

1 Computer system 4 GB Ram 1

2 Search Engine - 1
3 Creo parametric 4.0 1

7.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects

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 Design of Knuckle Joint

8.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

a. We understood the use of Knuckle Joint.
b. We learned design of Knuckle Joint.
c. We understood the need of Knuckle Joint.

9.0 Applications of this Micro-Project

• To connect the trolley to the tractor.

• To connect tie rod of jib crane.
• Tension link in bridge structure
• Link of roller chain
• To connect the tie rod of a roof truss.
• To connect robotic arms.

**********

MGM’s Polytechnic Aurangabad 5

 Design of Knuckle Joint

Introduction to Knuckle Joint

A knuckle joint is a temporary joint used to connect 2 rods subjected to tensile loads. The joint permits
angular misalignment between the rods in the same plane. Knuckle joints are capable of taking large
tensile loads. However, it cannot withstand large compressive loads. Unlike couplings, a knuckle joint
cannot transmit torque.
The end of one rod which is to be connected is made into a fork shape and is also known as the Fork or
Yoke or Double-eye end as shown in the figure. One end of the rod which is to be connected is made
into the fork shape. The other rod end is made into the single eye end (the one with 1 hole).

The single eye is placed between the 2 eyes of the fork end such that all the 3 holes (i.e. 2 of fork end
and 1 of single end) coincide. Knuckle pin is used to connect the single eye and double eye together.
The knuckle pin passes through the hole and connects them. It has a small hole in it at its end.

A collar is placed at the end of the knuckle pin such that the hole in the collar coincides with the hole in
the knuckle pin. A tapered pin is passed through the holes to secure the collar & knuckle pin and prevents
them from sliding off.

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Polytechnic Aurangabad 6
 Design of Knuckle Joint

Design Procedure of Knuckle Joint:

The assembly diagram of knuckle joint is as shown in fig.

The dimension of knuckle joints are:

 Diameter of rod = d
 Diameter of knuckle pin = dp
 Outside diameter of single eye = doe
 Outside diameter of double eye = dod
 Thickness of single eye = t
 Thickness of fork = t1
 Axial tensile force on rod = P


(1) Diameter of rod

Consider the rod is subjected to a direct tensile stress

ς = P / π d2

From above equation, diameter of rod’d’ is obtained.

(2) Design of pin (dp)

(a) Consider the failure of pin under double shear due to tensile force.
Therefore, direct shear stress induced in knuckle pin is given by Equation

ς = P / 2A = (P/2) / (π/4) dp2 = 2P / π dp2

(b) Failure of knuckle pin in bending

Assume there is no clearance or slack but in actual, knuckle pin is loose in forks to permit angular
moment of one with respect to other, so it is subjected to bending moment in addition to shear,
consider uniformly distributed load along the portion of pin.
Taking moment about axis XX

M = [(-P/2) × (t/4)] + { (P/2) × [ (t/2)+(t1/3) ] }

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 Design of Knuckle Joint

= P/2 [(t1/3)+(t/2)-(t/4) ]

= P/2 [ (t1/3)+(t/4) ]

Section modulus,

Z = (π/ 32)dp3

Maximum bending stress, σb

σb= M/Z = { P/2 [(t1/3)+(t/4)] } / {(π/ 32)dp3}

Here, we check the pin in bending and find the value of dp

(2) Design of single eye:

(a) To find the outside diameter of single eye (doe) the single eye is subjected to a direct tensile stress,
due to this single eye under tear.

σt = P/A = P/ (doe-dp)× t

(b) Due to direct tensile strength, the single eye is subjected to double shear.

Resisting shearing area = 2(doe-dp)×(t/2)

The direct shear stress induced is

ς=P/(doe-dp)×t

From this equation the outside diameter of single eye doe is obtained.
(C) Failure of single eye or pin due to tensile load in crushing

Resisting crushing area = dp × t

σc = P/(dp×t)

Form this equation crushing stress checked if fail, increase the thickness of eye (t).

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 Design of Knuckle Joint

(3) Design of fork (double eye):

(a) The tearing of the double eye at weakest section due to tension

Area resisting tear = (dof – dp) × 2 t1

σt = p/ [(dof – dp) × 2 t1]

From this equation, find the outside diameter of fork (dof).

(b) Failure of double eye (fork) in double shear due to tensile load.

Area resisting shear = 4 × [(dof – dp) ]/2 × t1

= 2 × (dof – dp) t1

The shear stress is given by,

ς = p/[(dof – dp) × 2 t1]

From this equation, check shear stress if less than design, increase thickness of fork t1.
(c) Failure double eye in crushing (thickness of fork)
Double eye may fail in crushing due to tensile load
The crushing stress is given by,

σc = P/( 2×dp ×t1)

Check crushing stress or find t1

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Polytechnic Aurangabad 9
 Design of Knuckle Joint

Part Modelling of Knuckle Joint

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Polytechnic Aurangabad 10
 Design of Knuckle Joint

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Polytechnic Aurangabad 11
 Design of Knuckle Joint

Assembly of Knuckle Joint

We assemble all element of Knuckle Joint.

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Polytechnic Aurangabad 12
 Design of Knuckle Joint

Advantages and Disadvantage of Knuckle Joint

 Advantages

1. Knuckle joint can be easily assembled & dismantled.

2. The design is simple.
3. It is easy to manufacture.
4. It can endure large tensile loads.
5. Knuckle joints have good mechanical rigidity.
6. It permits angular movement between the 2 rods.

 Disadvantages

1. The knuckle joint cannot hold up against large compressive load.

2. It is not as flexible as a Universal joint.
3. The angular movement is permitted in only one plane.

 Application

1. To connect the trolley to the tractor.

2. To connect tie rod of jib crane.
3. Tension link in bridge structure
4. Link of roller chain
5. To connect the tie rod of a roof truss.
6. To connect robotic arms.

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 Design of Knuckle Joint

Conclusion
Hence we conclude that design procedure of Knuckle Joint as well as the stress
analysis of Joint we made 3d model on creo 8.0 hence the Joint is very important
to transmit the power.

Reference
1. Nirali publication book.
2. https://mechanicalpost.site/2021/04/knuckle-joint.html
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuckle_joint_(mechanical)
4. A textbook of Machine Design by R.S. KHURMI and J.K. GUPTA.

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Polytechnic Aurangabad 14
 Design of Knuckle Joint

 Maximum Principal Stress

 Shear Stress

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Polytechnic Aurangabad 15
 Design of Knuckle Joint

 Equivalent Stress

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Polytechnic Aurangabad 16
 Project*
First Saved Friday, December 17, 2021
Last Saved Friday, December 17, 2021
Product Version 2021 R2
Save Project Before Solution No
Save Project After Solution No
Contents
 Units

 Model (B4)
o Geometry
 Parts
o Materials
o Coordinate Systems
o Connections
 Contacts
 Contact Regions
o Mesh
o Static Structural (B5)
 Analysis Settings
 Loads
 Solution (B6)
 Solution Information
 Results

 Material Data
o Structural Steel

Units
TABLE 1
Unit System Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) Degrees rad/s Celsius
Angle Degrees
Rotational Velocity rad/s
Temperature Celsius

Model (B4)
Geometry
TABLE 2
Model (B4) > Geometry
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined
Definition
Source C:\Users\ascre\Desktop\Knuckle joint\knuckle_joint.igs
Type Iges
Length Unit Inches
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Color
Bounding Box
Length X 6.4826 m
Length Y 2.3368 m
Length Z 1.3321 m
Properties
Volume 5.3496 m³
Mass 41994 kg
 Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 5
Active Bodies 5
Nodes 5382
Elements 2605
Mesh Metric None
Update Options
Assign Default Material No
Basic Geometry Options
Solid Bodies Yes
Surface Bodies Yes
Line Bodies No
Parameters Independent
Parameter Key ANS;DS
Attributes No
Named Selections No
Material Properties No
Advanced Geometry Options
Use Associativity Yes
Coordinate Systems No
Reader Mode Saves Updated File No
Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update Yes
Compare Parts On Update No
Analysis Type 3-D
Mixed Import Resolution None
Import Facet Quality Source
Clean Bodies On Import No
Stitch Surfaces On Import Program Tolerance
Decompose Disjoint Geometry Yes
Enclosure and Symmetry Processing Yes

TABLE 3
Model (B4) > Geometry > Parts
Object Name taper pin collar knuckle pin Single eye fork
State Meshed
Graphics Properties
Visible Yes
Transparency 1
Definition
Suppressed No
Stiffness Behavior Flexible
Coordinate System Default Coordinate System
Reference
By Environment
Temperature
Treatment None
Material
Assignment Structural Steel
Nonlinear Effects Yes
Thermal Strain
Yes
Effects
Bounding Box
 Length X 0.16512 m 0.96595 m 0.96577 m 3.5741 m 4.1913 m
Length Y 0.1651 m 0.254 m 2.3368 m 0.98583 m 1.651 m
Length Z 1.2094 m 0.97238 m 0.96572 m 1.3321 m 1.2706 m
Properties
2.1702e-002 9.9994e-002
Volume 0.83305 m³ 1.8938 m³ 2.5011 m³
m³ m³
Mass 170.36 kg 784.95 kg 6539.5 kg 14866 kg 19633 kg
1.0569e-006 3.8601e-007 3.7633e-008
Centroid X -1.0114 m 1.2534 m
m m m
-4.9448e-002 5.2933e-010 8.6209e-007
Centroid Y 0.96522 m 0.9652 m
m m m
-6.1392e-002 2.3593e-003 9.3368e-005 -1.9699e-002 -1.3646e-004
Centroid Z
m m m m m
Moment of Inertia Ip1 19.524 kg·m² 66.568 kg·m² 3565.8 kg·m² 1781. kg·m² 5336.8 kg·m²
Moment of Inertia Ip2 19.524 kg·m² 130.94 kg·m² 423.6 kg·m² 15121 kg·m² 26519 kg·m²
Moment of Inertia Ip3 0.50056 kg·m² 73.149 kg·m² 3567.5 kg·m² 14666 kg·m² 29010 kg·m²
Statistics
Nodes 263 636 1187 1199 2097
Elements 108 272 600 584 1041
Mesh Metric None

TABLE 4
Model (B4) > Materials
Object Name Materials
State Fully Defined
Statistics
Materials 1
Material Assignments 0

Coordinate Systems
TABLE 5
Model (B4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System
Object Name Global Coordinate System
State Fully Defined
Definition
Type Cartesian
Coordinate System ID 0.
Origin
Origin X 0. m
Origin Y 0. m
Origin Z 0. m
Directional Vectors
X Axis Data [ 1. 0. 0. ]
Y Axis Data [ 0. 1. 0. ]
Z Axis Data [ 0. 0. 1. ]

Connections
TABLE 6
Model (B4) > Connections
Object Name Connections
State Fully Defined
 Auto Detection
Generate Automatic Connection On Refresh Yes
Transparency
Enabled Yes

TABLE 7
Model (B4) > Connections > Contacts
Object Name Contacts
State Fully Defined
Definition
Connection Type Contact
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Auto Detection
Tolerance Type Slider
Tolerance Slider 0.
Tolerance Value 1.7546e-002 m
Use Range No
Face/Face Yes
Face-Face Angle Tolerance 75. °
Face Overlap Tolerance Off
Cylindrical Faces Include
Face/Edge No
Edge/Edge No
Priority Include All
Group By Bodies
Search Across Bodies
Statistics
Connections 6
Active Connections 6

TABLE 8
Model (B4) > Connections > Contacts > Contact Regions
Contact Contact Contact Contact Contact Contact
Object Name
Region Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 Region 5 Region 6
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Contact 2 Faces 1 Face 2 Faces 3 Faces 2 Faces
Target 4 Faces 2 Faces 1 Face 2 Faces 5 Faces 2 Faces
Contact Bodies taper pin collar knuckle pin Single eye
Target Bodies collar knuckle pin fork Single eye fork
Protected No
Definition
Type Bonded
Scope Mode Automatic
Behavior Program Controlled
Trim Contact Program Controlled
Trim Tolerance 1.7546e-002 m
Suppressed No
Advanced
Formulation Program Controlled
 Small Sliding Program Controlled
Detection Method Program Controlled
Penetration
Program Controlled
Tolerance
Elastic Slip
Program Controlled
Tolerance
Normal Stiffness Program Controlled
Update Stiffness Program Controlled
Pinball Region Program Controlled
Geometric Modification
Contact Geometry
Correction None
Target Geometry
None
Correction

Mesh
TABLE 9
Model (B4) > Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Display
Display Style Use Geometry Setting
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Element Order Program Controlled
Element Size Default
Sizing
Use Adaptive Sizing Yes
Resolution Default (2)
Mesh Defeaturing Yes
Defeature Size Default
Transition Fast
Span Angle Center Coarse
Initial Size Seed Assembly
Bounding Box Diagonal 7.0185 m
Average Surface Area 0.37508 m²
Minimum Edge Length 4.7428e-004 m
Quality
Check Mesh Quality Yes, Errors
Error Limits Aggressive Mechanical
Target Quality Default (0.050000)
Smoothing Medium
Mesh Metric None
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No
Advanced
 Number of CPUs for Parallel Part Meshing Program Controlled
Straight Sided Elements No
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
Topology Checking Yes
Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Statistics
Nodes 5382
Elements 2605

Static Structural (B5)

TABLE 10
Model (B4) > Analysis
Object Name Static Structural (B5)
State Solved
Definition
Physics Type Structural
Analysis Type Static Structural
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Options
Environment Temperature 22. °C
Generate Input Only No

TABLE 11
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Analysis Settings
Object Name Analysis Settings
State Fully Defined
Step Controls
Number Of Steps 1.
Current Step Number 1.
Step End Time 1. s
Auto Time Stepping Program Controlled
Solver Controls
Solver Type Program Controlled
Weak Springs Off
Solver Pivot Checking Program Controlled
Large Deflection Off
Inertia Relief Off
Quasi-Static Solution Off
Rotordynamics Controls
Coriolis Effect Off
Restart Controls
Generate Restart Points Program Controlled
Retain Files After Full Solve No
Combine Restart Files Program Controlled
Nonlinear Controls
Newton-Raphson Option Program Controlled
Force Convergence Program Controlled
Moment Convergence Program Controlled
Displacement Convergence Program Controlled
 Rotation Convergence Program Controlled
Line Search Program Controlled
Stabilization Program Controlled
Advanced
Inverse Option No
Contact Split (DMP) Off
Output Controls
Stress Yes
Surface Stress No
Back Stress No
Strain Yes
Contact Data Yes
Nonlinear Data No
Nodal Forces No
Volume and Energy Yes
Euler Angles Yes
General Miscellaneous No
Contact Miscellaneous No
Store Results At All Time Points
Result File Compression Program Controlled
Analysis Data Management
C:\Users\ascre\Desktop\Knuckle joint\knuckle_joint_files\dp0\SYS-
Solver Files Directory
1\MECH\
Future Analysis None
Scratch Solver Files
Directory
Save MAPDL db No
Contact Summary Program Controlled
Delete Unneeded Files Yes
Nonlinear Solution No
Solver Units Active System
Solver Unit System mks

TABLE 12
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Loads
Object Name Fixed Support Force
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face
Definition
Type Fixed Support Force
Suppressed No
Define By Components
Applied By Surface Effect
Coordinate System Global Coordinate System
X Component -25000 N (ramped)
Y Component 0. N (ramped)
Z Component 0. N (ramped)

FIGURE 1
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Force
Solution (B6)
TABLE 13
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution
Object Name Solution (B6)
State Solved
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Max Refinement Loops 1.
Refinement Depth 2.
Information
Status Done
MAPDL Elapsed Time 6. s
MAPDL Memory Used 285. MB
MAPDL Result File Size 2.25 MB
Post Processing
Beam Section Results No
On Demand Stress/Strain No

TABLE 14
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution (B6) > Solution Information
Object Name Solution Information
State Solved
Solution Information
Solution Output Solver Output
Newton-Raphson Residuals 0
Identify Element Violations 0
Update Interval 2.5 s
Display Points All
FE Connection Visibility
 Activate Visibility Yes
Display All FE Connectors
Draw Connections Attached To All Nodes
Line Color Connection Type
Visible on Results No
Line Thickness Single
Display Type Lines

TABLE 15
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution (B6) > Results
Maximum Principal
Object Name Equivalent Stress Shear Stress
Stress
State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Equivalent (von-Mises) Maximum Principal
Type Shear Stress
Stress Stress
By Time
Display Time Last
Calculate Time
Yes
History
Identifier
Suppressed No
Orientation XY Component
Global Coordinate
Coordinate System
System
Integration Point Results
Display Option Averaged
Average Across
No
Bodies
Results
Minimum 313.94 Pa -13715 Pa -35195 Pa
Maximum 1.4899e+005 Pa 1.8991e+005 Pa 35866 Pa
Average 26210 Pa 24555 Pa 21.221 Pa
Minimum Occurs On taper pin fork
Maximum Occurs On fork
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration Number 1

FIGURE 2
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution (B6) > Equivalent Stress
 TABLE 16
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution (B6) > Equivalent Stress
Time [s] Minimum [Pa] Maximum [Pa] Average [Pa]
1. 313.94 1.4899e+005 26210

FIGURE 3
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution (B6) > Maximum Principal Stress
 TABLE 17
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution (B6) > Maximum Principal Stress
Time [s] Minimum [Pa] Maximum [Pa] Average [Pa]
1. -13715 1.8991e+005 24555

FIGURE 4
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution (B6) > Shear Stress
 TABLE 18
Model (B4) > Static Structural (B5) > Solution (B6) > Shear Stress
Time [s] Minimum [Pa] Maximum [Pa] Average [Pa]
1. -35195 35866 21.221

Material Data
Structural Steel
TABLE 19
Structural Steel > Constants
Density 7850 kg m^-3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 1.2e-005 C^-1
Specific Heat 434 J kg^-1 C^-1
Thermal Conductivity 60.5 W m^-1 C^-1
Resistivity 1.7e-007 ohm m

TABLE 20
Structural Steel > Color
Red Green Blue
132 139 179

TABLE 21
Structural Steel > Compressive Ultimate Strength
Compressive Ultimate Strength Pa
0
 TABLE 22
Structural Steel > Compressive Yield Strength
Compressive Yield Strength Pa
2.5e+008

TABLE 23
Structural Steel > Tensile Yield Strength
Tensile Yield Strength Pa
2.5e+008

TABLE 24
Structural Steel > Tensile Ultimate Strength
Tensile Ultimate Strength Pa
4.6e+008

TABLE 25
Structural Steel > Isotropic Secant Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Zero-Thermal-Strain Reference Temperature C
22

TABLE 26
Structural Steel > S-N Curve
Alternating Stress Pa Cycles Mean Stress Pa
3.999e+009 10 0
2.827e+009 20 0
1.896e+009 50 0
1.413e+009 100 0
1.069e+009 200 0
4.41e+008 2000 0
2.62e+008 10000 0
2.14e+008 20000 0
1.38e+008 1.e+005 0
1.14e+008 2.e+005 0
8.62e+007 1.e+006 0

TABLE 27
Structural Steel > Strain-Life Parameters
Cyclic Strain
Strength Strength Ductility Ductility Cyclic Strength
Hardening
Coefficient Pa Exponent Coefficient Exponent Coefficient Pa
Exponent
9.2e+008 -0.106 0.213 -0.47 1.e+009 0.2

TABLE 28
Structural Steel > Isotropic Elasticity
Young's Modulus Pa Poisson's Ratio Bulk Modulus Pa Shear Modulus Pa Temperature C
2.e+011 0.3 1.6667e+011 7.6923e+010

TABLE 29
Structural Steel > Isotropic Relative Permeability
Relative Permeability
10000