1.1.
CHILD WELFARE
AGENCIES
1.1.1. ICDS (Integrated
Child Development
Services)
The Integrated Child Development Services
(ICDS) scheme was launched on 2nd
October, 1975. It is a flagship programme
of the Government of India, and is one of the
world’s largest and unique programmes for
early childhood care and development. The
beneficiaries under this scheme are children
of 0-6 years age, pregnant women, and
lactating mothers.
1.1.2.1. Objectives
1) To enhance nutritional and health
status of children of 0-6 years age.
2) To establish the foundation for
proper psychological, physical and
social development of the child.
3) To minimise the occurrence of
mortality, morbidity, malnutrition,
and school dropout.
4) To achieve efficient co-ordination of
policy and implementation between
the various department to promote
child development.
5) To build-up the potential of mother
to take care of the health and
nutritional demands of her child via
proper nutrition and health
education.
1.1.2.3. Services
1) Supplementary Nutrition
Programme: Supplementary feeding,
growth monitoring, preventing vitamin
A deficiency, and controlling
nutritional anaemia are the services
provided through this programme. For
identifying children below 6 years of
age and pregnant and lactating
mothers, all the families in a
community are surveyed.
Supplementary feeding is provided to
SERVICES AND
1.1.2. lefUor cky fodkl
lsok,¡ ¼vkbZ-lh-Mh-,l-½
dk;ZØe
lefUor cky fodkl lsok ¼vkbZ-lh-Mh-,l-
½ ;kstuk 2 vDVwcj] 1975 dks çkjEHk dh
xbZ FkhA ;g Hkkjr ljdkj dk ,d çeq[k
dk;ZØe gS rFkk ;g cPpksa dh ns[kHkky
o fodkl ds fy, fo'o ds lcls cM+s ,oa
vuwBs dk;ZØeksa esa ls ,d gSA bl ;kstuk
ds vUrxZr ykHkkFkhZ 0-6 o"kZ dh vk;q
ds cPps] xHkZorh efgyk,¡ rFkk Lruiku
djkus okyh ekrk,¡ gSaA
1.1.2.2. mn~ns';
1) 0-6 o"kZ dh vk;q ds cPpksa ds
iks"k.k rFkk LokLF; fLFkfr esa
lq/kkj djukA
2) cPpksa ds mfpr euksoSKkfud]
'kkjhfjd rFkk lkekftd fodkl dh uhao
LFkkfir djukA
3) e`R;q nj] :X.krk] dqiks"k.k rFkk
Ldwy NksM+us dh ?kVukvksa dks
de djukA
4) cky fodkl dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy,
fofHkUu foHkkxksa ds e/; uhfr o
dk;kZUo;u ds dq’ky leUo; LFkkfir
djukA
5) mfpr iks"k.k rFkk LokLF; f'k{kk
ds }kjk vius cPpksa ds LokLF; o
iks"k.k lEcU/kh ek¡xksa dh
ns[kHkky djus ds fy, ekrkvksa dh
{kerk dk fuekZ.k djukA
1.1.2.4. lsok,¡
1) iwjd iks"k.k dk;ZØe&iwjd vkgkj]
fodkl dh fuxjkuh] foVkfeu&A dh
deh dks jksduk rFkk iks"k.kh
lEcU/kh vjDrrk dks fu;fU=r djuk bl
dk;ZØe ds }kjk çnku dh tkus okyh
lsok,¡ gSaA 6 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds
cPpksa rFkk xHkZorh o Lruiku
djkus okyh ekrkvksa dh igpku djus
ds fy, ,d leqnk; ds lHkh ifjokjksa dk
losZ{k.k fd;k tkrk gSA mUgsa 300
fnuksa rd iwjd vkgkj çnku fd;k tkrk
 them for 300 days. The caloric gap gSA vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa
between the national recommended ds }kjk iwjd vkgkj miyC/k djkdj
and average intake of children and jk"Vªh; vuq'kaflr rFkk vYi vk; okys
women of low income families is ifjokj ds cPpksa o efgykvksa ds
linked via Anganwadi workers by vkSlr lsou ds e/; dSyksjh varj dks
providing supplementary feeding. tksM+k x;k gSA
2) Immunisation: Pregnant women 2) Vhdkdj.k&xHkZorh efgykvksa
and infants are immunised against rFkk f'k'kqvksa dks 6
6 vaccine-preventable diseases, oSDlhu&jksdFkke ;ksX; chekfj;ksa
i.e., poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tSls& iksfy;ks] fMIFkhfj;k] iVqZfll]
pertussis, tetanus, tuberculosis, and fVVsul] risfnd rFkk [kljs ds fo#)
measles. Child mortality, çfrjf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA cky e`R;q nj]
disability, morbidity, and related fodykaxrk] :X.krk rFkk lEcfU/kr
malnutrition are the major results dqiks"k.k bu chekfj;ksa ds çeq[k
of these diseases, which can be ifj.kke gSa] ftUgsa jksdk tk ldrk gSA
prevented. xHkZorh efgykvksa dks fVVsul ds
fo#) çfrjf{kr djds ekr` ,oa uotkr
Maternal and neonatal mortality are e`R;q nj dks Hkh de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
also reduced by immunising 0-6 o"kZ dh vk;q ds cPpksa] fd'kksj
pregnant women against tetanus. The rFkk xHkZorhZ efgykvksa ds fy,
immunisation schedule for children Vhdkdj.k vuqlwph fuEufyf[kr
of 0-6 years age, adolescent girls, lwphc) gSa&
and pregnant women is listed below:
Immunisation/Supplementation ¼Vhdkdj.k@iwjd½
nd 2nd dose of TT, booster, iron and folic acid tablets as recommended by the health staff.
okLF; deZpkfj;ksa }kjk vuq'kaflr TT] cwLVj] vk;ju rFkk Qksfyd vEy dh xksfy;ksa dh
h o nwljh [kqjkd½
G at birth or within 1 month. ¼tUe ds le; ;k 1 ekg ds vUnj ch-lh-th-½

ta I, II 3 doses at 6th, 10th, and 14th week. ¼isUVk dh I, II dh 3 [kqjkd 6 osa] 10osa rFkk 14 osa
g esa½
asles vaccine starting from 9 months with 1 st dose of vitamin A (5 doses of vitamin A up to
ears of age). ¼[kljs dk Vhdk 9 ekg ls foVkfeu&A dh igyh [kqjkd ¼rhu o"kZ dh vk;q rd
kfeu&A dh 5 [kqjkd½ ds lkFk çkjEHk gksrk gSA½
T/polic booster dose at 11/2 years. ¼11/2 o"kZ ij Mh-ih-Vh-@iksfy;ks cwLVj [kqjkd½
at 5 years. ¼5 o"kZ ij Mh-Vh-½
MR immunisation after 18 months. ¼18 ekg ds i'pkr~ ,e-,e-vkj- Vhdkdj.k½
rubella/iron and folic acid tablets. ¼Vh-Vh-@:csyk@ykSg rFkk Qksfyd vEy dh
fy;k¡ ½
3) Health Check-ups: Health care of 3) LokLF; tk¡p&6 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds
children below 6 years of age, cPpksa dh LokLF; ns[kHkky]
antenatal care of pregnant women, xHkZorh efgykvksa dh çloiwoZ
and postnatal care of lactating ns[kHkky rFkk Lruiku djkus okyh
mothers are the services provided ekrkvksa dh çloksÙkj ns[kHkky bl
through this programme. Regular dk;ZØe ds ek/;e ls çnku dh tkus okyh
health check-ups, monitoring weight, lsok,¡ gSaA fu;fer LokLF; tk¡p] otu
immunisation, management of dh fuxjkuh] Vhdkdj.k] dqiks"k.k dk
malnutrition, treatment of diarrhoea, çcU/ku] nLr dk mipkj] Mh&ofeZax]
de-worming, distribution of simple lk/kkj.k nokvksa dk forj.k vkfn ,slh
medicines, etc. are the health LokLF; lsok,¡ gSa tks cPpksa dks
 services provided by Anganwadi
workers and PHC staff for children.
4) Referral Services: Sick or
malnourished children are in need
of quick medical attention and
should be referred to the hospitals
or its sub-centres during health
check-ups and growth monitoring.
Anganwadi workers also detect
disabilities in young children.
They record such cases in a special
register and refer them to the
medical officer of the
dispensary/sub-centre. Children of 0-
6 years age, pregnant women, and
lactating mothers are at risk, and thus
are provided with referral services.
They are referred to dispensaries,
PHCs, general hospitals, Prayas,
GMCH, etc.
5) Non-Formal Pre-School Education
(PSE): It forms the backbone of the
ICDS programme as all its services
meet at the Anganwadi. The main
platform for delivering these services
is the Anganwadi Centre (AWC),
which has been established in every
village slum/colony/urban slum in
the country. Children of 3-6 years
age are provided with non-formal
PSE on the working days of the
AWC, according to the time table
prepared for them. Pre-school kits
are also available in each AWC.
6) Nutrition, and Health Education
(NHED):  It is the key element of
the work of Anganwadi workers and
forms a part of Behaviour Change
Communication (BCC) strategy.
NHED has a long-term goal of
building capacity of 15-45 years
aged women so that they can look
after their own health, nutrition and
development needs, as well as that of
their children and families. In each
vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa rFkk
çkFkfed LokLF; dsUæksa }kjk çnku
dh tkrh gSaA
4) jsQjy lsok,¡&chekj ;k dqiksf"kr
cPpksa dks Rofjr fpfdRlk lgk;rk dh
vko';drk gksrh gS rFkk mUgsa LokLF;
dh tk¡p o fodkl dh fuxjkuh ds nkSjku
mUgsa vLirkyksa ;k mi&dsUnzksa
dks Hkstk tkuk pkfg,A vk¡xuokM+h
dk;ZdrkZ Hkh NksVs cPpksa dh
v{kerk dk irk yxkrh gSa] os ,sls
ekeyksa dks ,d fo'ks"k jftLVj esa ntZ
djrs gSa rFkk mUgsa
vkS"k/kky;@mi&dsUnzksa ds
fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh ds ikl Hkstrs gSaA
0&6 o"kZ dh vk;q ds cPpksa]
xHkZorh efgykvksa rFkk Lruiku djkus
okyh ekrkvksa dks vf/kd [krjk gksrk
gS rFkk blfy, mUgsa jsQjy lsok,¡ çnku
dh tkrh gSaA mUgsa vkS"k/kky;ksa]
çkFkfed LokLF; dsUnzksa] lkekU;
vLirkyksa] ç;kl] th-,e-lh-,p- vkfn esa
jsQj fd;k tkrk gSA
5) xSj&vkSipkfjd çkFkfed Ldwy
f'k{kk ¼ih-,l-bZ-½&;g lefUor cky
fodkl dk;ZØe dk vk/kkj gS D;ksafd
bldh leLr lsok,¡ vk¡xuokM+h esa feyrh
gSA bu lsokvksa dks çnku djus dk eq[;
eap vk¡xuokM+h dsUnz ¼,-MCY;w-
lh-½ gS] ftls ns'k ds çR;sd
xk¡o@dkWyksuh@'kgjh >qXxh
cfLr;ksa esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA 3 ls
6 o"kZ dh vk;q ds cPpksa dks
vk¡xuokM+h dsUnz ds dk;Z fnol esa
muds }kjk rS;kj fd, x, le; lkj.kh ds
vuqlkj vukSipkfjd çkFkfed Ldwyh
f'k{kk çnku fd;k tkrk gSA çR;sd
vk¡xuokM+h dsUnz esa çh&Ldwy
fdV Hkh miyC/k gksrk gSA
6) iks"k.k ,oa LokLF; f'k{kk ¼,u-,p-
bZ-Mh½&;g vk¡xuokM+h
dk;ZdrkZvksa ds dk;Z dk ,d çeq[k
rRo gSa rFkk O;ogkj ifjorZu
lEçs"k.k ¼ch-lh-lh-½ j.kuhfr dk ,d
Hkkx gSA iks"k.k ,oa LokLF; f'k{kk
¼,u-,p-bZ-Mh-½ dk nh?kZdkyhu
mn~ns'; 15&45 o"kZ dh vk;q dh
efgykvksa dh {kerk dk fuekZ.k djuk
gS rkfd os vius LokLF;] iks"k.k ,oa
fodkl dh vko';drkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk
 AWC, meetings are held for mothers vius cPpksa o ifjokj dh ns[kHkky dj
on every Monday. ldsaA çR;sd vk¡xuokM+h dsUnz
esa] çR;sd lkseokj dks ekrkvksa ds
Every month a sectoral level meeting fy, cSBdsa vk;ksftr dh tkrh gSA
is held in each supervisor’s area. 5 çR;sd i;Zos{kd ds {ks= esa çR;sd
home visits per day are conducted by ekg ,d {ks=h; Lrj dh cSBd vk;ksftr
the Anganwadi workers for dh tkrh gSA LokLF; o iks"k.k
providing health and nutrition lEcU/kh f'k{kk çnku djus ds fy,
education. vk¡xuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa }kjk
çfrfnu 5 ?kj dk nkSjk fd;k tkrk gSA
The Food and Nutrition Board [kk| ,oa iks"k.k cksMZ fu;fer :i ls
regularly visits the centres, provides dsUnzksa dk nkSjk djrk gS]
nutrition and health education to ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh ekrkvksa dks
mothers of the beneficiaries, and iks"k.k rFkk LokLF; lEcU/kh f'k{kk
demonstrates nutritious low cost çnku djrk gS] rFkk vk¡xuokM+h Lrj
recipes at Anganwadi level. ij ikSf"Vd de ykxr okys O;atuksa dk
Án’kZu djrk gSA
1.1.2.5. Beneficiaries
Services Target Group
1) Supplementary Nutrition Children below 6 year, pregnant and Lactating Mothers
(P and LM)
2) Immunisation Children below 6 years, Pregnant and Lactating Mothers
(P and LM)
3) Health Check-up Children below 6 years, Pregnant and Lactating Mother
(P and LM)
4) Referral Services Children below 6 years, Pregnant and Lactating Mothers
(P and LM)
5) Pre-School Education Children 3-6 years
6) Nutrition and Health Education Women (15-45 years)
1.1.3. Mid-Day Meal
Programme (MDMP)
In India, mid-day meal is a healthful freshly-
cooked lunch, which is delivered to children
in government and government-aided
schools. On 28th November, 2001, an
instruction was passed by the Supreme
Court of India stating, “We direct the State
Governments/Union Territories to
implement the Mid-Day Meal Scheme by
providing every child in every Government
and Government-assisted Primary School
with a prepared midday meal”.
1.1.4.1. Objectives
1) To protect children from classroom
hunger.
2) To increase school admission and
attendance.
3) To improve socialisation among
children belonging to all castes.
4) To address the issue of malnutrition
among children.
5) To facilitate social empowerment of
women by employment.
6) To improve the nutritional status for
class I-VIII children in government,
local body and government-aided
schools, and EGS (Education
Guarantee Scheme) and AIE
(Alternate Innovative Education)
centres.
7) To encourage poor children of
disadvantaged section for attending
school regularly and to help them in
concentrating on classroom
activities.
8) To provide nutritional support to
children of primary stage in drought-
affected areas during summer
vacation.
1.1.4.3. Mid-Day Meal Scheme
From 15th August, 1995, Mid-Day Meal
Scheme was initiated in India under the
name of National Programme of
Nutritional Support to Primary Education
(NPNSPE). In October 2007, the NP-
NSPE was renamed as National
Programme of Mid-Day Meal in Schools,
1.1.4. e/;kà Hkkstu
dk;ZØe ¼,e-Mh-,e-ih-½
Hkkjr esa] e/;kâ Hkkstu LoLFk rktk idk
gqvk nksigj dk Hkkstu gksrk gS ftls ljdkjh
rFkk ljdkjh lgk;rk çkIr Ldwyksa esa cPpksa
dks fn;k tkrk gSA 28 uoEcj] 2001 dks
Hkkjr ds lokZsPp U;k;ky; }kjk ,d funsZ'k
ikfjr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa dgk x;k Fkk] Þge
jkT; ljdkjksa@dsUnz 'kkflr çns'kksa dks
funsZ'k nsrs gSa fd os çR;sd ljdkjh rFkk
ljdkjh lgk;rk çkIr çkFkfed fo|ky; esa çR;sd
cPpksa dks rS;kj e/;kà Hkkstu miyC/k djkdj
e/;kà Hkkstu ;kstuk dks ykxw djsaAß
1.1.4.2. mn~ns';
1) cPpksa dks d{kk esa Hkw[k ls
cpkukA
2) Ldwy esa cPpksa ds ços'k o
mifLFkfr dks c<+kukA
3) lHkh tkfr;ksa ds cPpksa ds e/;
lkekthdj.k esa lq/kkj djukA
4) cPpksa esa dqiks"k.k dh leL;k dk
lek/kku djukA
5) jkstxkj }kjk efgykvksa ds lkekftd
l'kfDrdj.k dks lqxe cukukA
6) ljdkjh LFkkuh; fudk; o ljdkjh lgk;rk
çkIr Ldwy rFkk bZ-th-,l- ¼f'k{kk
xkj.Vh ;kstuk½ o ,-vkbZ-bZ-
¼oSdfYid uokpkj f'k{kk½ dsUnzksa
esa d{kk I-VIII ds cPpksa dh iks"k.k
dh fLFkfr esa lq/kkj djukA
7) ykHkoafpr oxZ ds xjhc cPpksa dks
fu;fer :i ls Ldwy tkus ds fy,
çksRlkfgr djuk rFkk d{kk dh
fØ;kdykiksa ij /;ku dsfUnzr djus esa
mudh lgk;rk djukA
8) Xkzh"e vodk'k ds nkSjku lw[kk
ÁHkkfor {ks=ksa esa ÁkFkfed Lrj
ds cPpksa dks iks"k.k lEcU/kh lgk;rk
çnku djukA
1.1.4.4. e/;kà Hkkstu ;kstuk
15 vxLr] 1995 ls] Hkkjr esa çkFkfed
f'k{kk gsrq iks"k.k lgk;rk ds jk"Vªh;
dk;ZØe ¼,u-ih-,u-,l-ih-vkbZ-½ ds uke
ls e/;kà Hkkstu ;kstuk dks çkjEHk fd;k
x;kA vDVwcj 2007 esa] ,u-ih-&,u-,l-
ih-bZ- dk uke ifjofrZr dj Ldwyksa esa
which is popularly known as the Mid-
Day Meal Scheme (MDMS).
Objectives
1) To increase the admission of
children belonging to disadvantaged
sections in schools.
2) To increase school admission and
attendance.
3) To maintain children studying in
classes I-VIII.
4) To provide nutritional support to
children of primary stage in drought
affected areas.
Salient Features
1) It is the world’s largest school meal
programme with the aim to achieve
the goal of universalisation of
primary education.
2) The MDMS is implemented by the
Ministry of Human Resources and
Development (MHRD).
3) The cost of MDMS is shared
between the centre and the states
because it is a centrally-sponsored
scheme, with centre’s share being
60%.
4) The first state to implement the
MDMS was Tamil Nadu.
5) In 2001, MDMS became a Cooked
Mid-Day Meal Scheme under which
each beneficiary was provided a
prepared midday meal for atleast 200
days:
6) The meal should provide 300
calories of energy and 8-12g of
proteins.
7) The MDMS was designed for
government, government-aided and
local body schools till 2002. Later,
children studying in Education
Guarantee Scheme (EGS) and
Alternative and Innovative
Education (AIE) centres were also
included under this scheme.
8) The MDMS was revised in 2004:
i) The cooking cost was centrally-
sponsored.
e/;kà Hkkstu ds jk"Vªh; dk;ZØe dj
fn;k x;k gS] ftls yksdfÁ; :i ls e/;kà
Hkkstu ;kstuk ¼,e-Mh-,e-,l-½ dgk
tkrk gSA
mn~ns';
1) ykHkoafpr oxksZa ds cPpksa dk
Ldwyksa esa ços'k c<+kukA
2) Ldwy esa ços'k ,oa mifLFkfr dks
c<+kukA
3) d{kk I-VIII esa i<+us okys cPpksa
dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djukA
4) lw[kk çHkkfor {ks=ksa esa çkFkfed
Lrj ds cPpksa dks iks"k.k lEcU/kh
lgk;rk çnku djukA
eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡
1) çkFkfed f'k{kk ds lkoZHkkSfed y{;
dks çkIr djus ds mn~ns'; ls ;g fo'o dk
lcls cM+k Ldwyh Hkkstu dk;ZØe
gSA
2) e/;kà Hkkstu ;kstuk dks ekuo
lalk/ku ,oa fodkl ea=ky;
¼,e,pvkjMh½ }kjk dk;kZfUor fd;k
tkrk gSA
3) e/;kà Hkkstu ;kstuk dh ykxr dsUnz o
jkT; ljdkj ds e/; lk>k dh tkrh gS
D;ksafd ;g dsUnz çk;ksftr ;kstuk gS
ftlesa dsUnz dh lk>snkjh 60% gSA
4) e/;kà Hkkstu ;kstuk dks ykxw djus
okyk çFke jkT; rfeyukMq gSA
5) 2001 esa] e/;kà Òkstu ;kstuk dks idk
gqvk e/;kà Hkkstu ;kstuk esa cny
fn;k x;k ftlds vUrxZr çR;sd
ykHkkFkhZ dks de ls de 200 fnuksa
rd rS;kj e/;kà Hkkstu çnku fd;k x;kA
6) Hkkstu esa 300 dSyksjh ÅtkZ rFkk
8-12 Xkzke çksVhu gksuk pkfg,A
7) e/;kà Hkkstu ;kstuk dks 2002 rd
ljdkjh] ljdkjh lgk;rk çkIr o LFkkuh;
fudk; Ldwyksa ds fy, :ikafdr fd;k x;k
FkkA ckn esa] f'k{kk xkj.Vh ;kstuk
¼bZ-th-,l-½ rFkk oSdfYid o uohu
f'k{kk ¼,-vkbZ-bZ-½ dsUnzksa esa
i<+us okys cPpksa dks Hkh bl ;kstuk
ds vUrxZr 'kkfey dj fy;k x;k FkkA
8) e/;kà Hkkstu ;kstuk dks 2004 esa
la'kksf/kr fd;k x;k Fkk&
i) Hkkstu idkus dh ykxr dsUnz

ii) Transport subsidy was included
for all states (Rs. 100 per quintal
for special category states and
Rs. 75 per quintal for other
states).
9) Mid-day meals are served during
summer vacation to the children of
drought-affected areas.
10) The MDMS was again revised in
2006:
i) Cooking cost was enhanced to
Rs. 1.80 per child/school day for
North Eastern States and Rs
1.50 per child/school day for
other States and UTs.
ii) Nutritional norm was also
revised. Energy intake was
increased from 300 calories to
450 calories and protein intake
was increased from 8-12gm to
12gm.
1.1.4.5. Suggestions for
Preparation of Nutritious and
Economical Mid-Day Meals
1) Food grains should be stored
properly in air tight containers for
avoiding infestations and moisture
penetration.
2) Whole wheat or broken wheat should
be used.
3) Iodised salt and unpolished rice
should be used.
4) Single dish meals (Pulao, Khichadi,
Upma, etc.) should be preferred.
5) 3:1 to 5:1 should be the cereal pulse
ratio.
6) Vegetables should be washed before
using.
7) Washing, soaking and cooking
processes should be used to reduce
cooking time.
8) Rice/dal water left after cooking
should not be discarded.
9) Since fermentation improves
nutritive value, foods like Dosa, etc.
should be preferred.
çk;ksftr FkhA
ii) lHkh jkT;ksa ds fy, ifjogu lfClMh
dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k ¼fo'ks"k Js.kh
ds jkT;ksa ds fy, `100 çfr fDoaVy
rFkk vU; jkT;ksa ds fy, `75 çfr
fDoaVy½A
9) lw[kk çHkkfor {ks=ksa ds cPpksa
dks Xkzh"edky dh NqfV~V;ksa ds
nkSjku e/;kà Hkkstu fn;k tkrk gSA
10) e/;kà Hkkstu ;kstuk dks 2006 esa iqu%
la'kksf/kr fd;k x;k&
i) [kkuk idkus dh ykxr iwoksZÙkj
jkT;ksa ds fy, çfr ckyd@Ldwy
fnu `1.80 rFkk vU; jkT;ksa o
dsUnz 'kkflr çns'kksa ds fy, çfr
ckyd@Ldwy fnu `1.50 dj nh
xbZA
ii) iks"k.k ekun.Mksa dks Hkh
la'kksf/kr fd;k x;k FkkA ÅtkZ
dh ek=k dks 300 dSyksjh ls
c<+kdj 450 dSyksjh rFkk
çksVhu dh ek=k dks 8-12 Xkzke
ls c<+kdj 12 Xkzke dj fn;k x;kA
1.1.4.6. ikSf"Vd rFkk
fdQk;rh e/;kà Hkkstu rS;kj djus
gsrq lq>ko
1) laØe.k rFkk ueh ds ços'k ls cpus ds
fy, [kk| inkFkksaZ dks ok;q jks/kh
daVsujksa esa Bhd ls laXkzfgr djuk
pkfg,A
2) lkcqr xsgw¡ ;k VwVs gq, xsgw¡ dk
ç;ksx djuk pkfg,A
3) v;ksMhu&;qDr ued rFkk fcuk
ikWfy'k fd, pkoy dk ç;ksx djuk
pkfg,A
4) ,dy idoku Hkkstu ¼iqyko] f[kpM+h]
miek vkfn½ dks çkFkfedrk nsuh
pkfg,A
5) vukt dh nky dk vuqikr 3:1 ls 5:1 rd
gksuk pkfg,A
6) lfCt;ksa dk mi;ksx djus ls igys /kks
ysuk pkfg,A
7) [kkuk idkus ds le; dks de djus ds
fy, /kksus] fHkxksus rFkk [kkuk
idkus dh çfØ;k dk mi;ksx djuk
pkfg,A
8) idkus ds i'pkr~ cps pkoy@nky ds
ikuh dks Qsaduk ugha pkfg,A
9) pw¡fd fd.ou ls iks"kd rRoksa esa lq/kkj
10) Loss of nutrients should be
prevented by keeping the food
covered.
11) Overcooking and reheating of
previously used oil should be
avoided.
12) Foods should be prepared using the
leafy tops of carrots, etc.
gksrk gS] blfy, Mkslk vkfn tSls [kk|
inkFkksaZ dks çkFkfedrk nsuh pkfg,A
10) Hkkstu dks <ddj j[kdj iks"kd rRoksa
dh gkfu dks jksdk tkuk pkfg,A
11) igys mi;ksx fd, x, rsy dks T;knk
idkus rFkk nqckjk xeZ djus ls cpuk
pkfg,A
12) Hkkstu xktj vkfn ds iÙksnkj 'kh"kksZa
ls rS;kj djuk pkfg,A

1.1.5. Balwadi Nutrition Program (BNP)

The Balwadi Nutrition Programme (BNP) was started in 1970-71. It is operated
through Balwadis and day-care centres which are being run by the five national
voluntary organisations. There are about five thousand Balwadis implementing
the programme. It is a non-expanding and non-plan activity of the government of
India. At present about 2.29 lakh beneficiaries are being covered under the
scheme. 
In 1970-71, the Balwadi Nutrition Programme (BNP) was established. Balwadis
and day-care centres run by five national voluntary organisations are used to
implement the programme. The programme is being implemented by roughly
5,000 Balwadis. It is a non-expanding, non-planned activity of the Indian
government. Approximately 2.29 lakh people are currently covered by the
scheme.

The Balwadi worker is the most peripheral worker implementing the programme
at the village/community level. 
At the village/community level, the Balwadi worker is the most peripheral
worker administering the program. 

1.1.5.1. Objectives
The programme aims to supply about one-third of'the calorie and half of the
protein requirements of the pre-school child as measure to improve nutritional
and health status. 
As a strategy to improve nutritional and health status, the programme seeks to
offer around one-third of the calorie and half of the protein needs of the pre-
school kid.

1.1.5.2. Beneficiaries
Beneficiaries are pre-school children between the age of 3 to 5 years. Priority is
given to children belonging to low income group. 
Preschool children aged 3 to 5 years are eligible to participate. Children from
low-income families are given priority.

1.1.5.3. Activities
The supplementary nutrition consisting 300 calories and 10 g of protein per child
per day is given for 770 days a year. Apart from nutritional supplementation, the
activities for social and emotional development are undertaken at balwadis. 
Supplemental nutrition, consisting of 300 calories and 10 g of protein per day for
each child, is provided for 770 days every year. Balwadis provide activities for
social and emotional development in addition to dietary support.

1.1.6. Anganwadi
Anganwadi is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented by the States / UTs
which serves as a rural child and maternal care centre in India. It was started by
the Government of India In 1975 as part of the Integrated Child Development
Services program to combat child hunger and malnutrition.
Anganwadi is a centrally funded scheme in India that is implemented by the
states and union territories and functions as a rural child and maternal care centre.
It was started by the Indian government to tackle child hunger and malnutrition,
the Integrated Child Development Services programme was established in 1975.

Anganwadi centres provide a package of six services: supplementary nutrition,

pre-school non-formal education, immunisation, health check-up, nutrition and
health education, and referral services.
Supplementary nutrition, pre-school non-formal education, vaccinations, health
check-ups, nutrition and health education, and referral services are all provided
by Anganwadi centres.

The beneficiaries under the Anganwadi Services Scheme are identified on the
basis of Aadhaar.
The Aadhaar number is used to identify the beneficiaries of the Anganwadi
Services Scheme.

The Anganwadi Services Scheme is one of the flagship programmes of the

Government of India and represents one of the world's largest and unique
programmes for early childhood care and development. It is the foremost symbol
of the country's commitment to its children and nursing mothers, as a response to
the challenge of providing pre-school non-formal education on one hand and
breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity, reduced learning capacity
and mortality on the other. The beneficiaries under the Scheme are children in the
age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers.
The Anganwadi Services Scheme is one of the government of Indi’'s hallmark
programmes, and it is one of the world’s largest and most innovative early
childhood care and development programmes. As a response to the difficulty of
providing pre-school non-formal education on the one hand, and breaking the
brutal cycle of hunger, illness, diminished learning ability, and mortality on the
other, it is the country’s most visible emblem of dedication to its children and
nursing mothers. Children aged 0-6 years, pregnant women, and breastfeeding
moms are among the Scheme’s beneficiaries.

1.1.6.1. Objectives
1) To improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age-group 0-6
years;
2) To enhance the nutritional and health status of children aged 0 to 6 years;
3) To lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social
development of the child;
4) To lay the groundwork for the child’s optimal psychological, physical, and
social growth;
5) To reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school
dropout;
6) To decrease the incidence of mortality, illness, malnutrition, and school
dropout;
7) To achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation amongst the
various departments to promote child development; and
8) To ensure effective policy and execution coordination among the various
departments in order to enhance child development; and
9) To enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and
nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.
10) Improving the mother’s ability to care for her child’s normal health and
nutritional needs through correct nutrition and health education.

1.1.6.2. Services Under Anganwadi Services

The Anganwadi Services Scheme offers a package of six services, viz.:
The Anganwadi Services Scheme provides a bundle of six services, including:
1) Supplementary Nutrition,
2) Nutritional Substitute
3) Pre-School Non-Formal Education,
4) Pre-School Non-Formal Teachings
5) Nutrition and Health Education,
6) Health and Nurtitional Teachings
7) Immunisation,
8) Health Check-Up, and
9) Health Examination
10) Referral Services.
11) Referral facilities

The last three services are related to health and are provided by
Ministry/Department of Health and Family Welfare through NRHM and Health
System.
The Ministry/Department of Health and Family Welfare offers the last three
services through NRHM and the Health System.

The perception of providing a package of services is based primarily on the

consideration that the overall impact will be much larger if the different services
develop in an integrated manner as the efficacy of a particular service depends
upon the support it receives from the related services.
The concept of offering a package of services is based mostly on the belief that
the total impact will be much greater if the many services develop in a
coordinated manner, as service efficacy is dependent on the support it receives
from related services.
For better governance in the delivery of the Scheme, convergence is, therefore,
one of the key features of the Anganwadi Services Scheme. This convergence is
in-built in the Scheme which provides a platform in the form of Anganwadi
Centres for providing all services under the Scheme.
Convergence is thus one of the important elements of the Anganwadi Services
Scheme for greater governance in the delivery of the Scheme. This convergence
is incorporated into the Scheme, which uses Anganwadi Centres as a foundation
for delivering all of the Scheme’s services.

1.1.6.3. Beneficiaries
Sr. Beneficiaries Services
No.
1) Expectant and Nursing i) Helth Check-up
Mothers, Adolescent Girls 11 ii) Immunisation of expectant mother
to 18 years. against tetanus
iii) Referral Services
iv) Supplementary Nutrition
v) Nutrition and Health Education.
2) Other Women 15 to 45 years Nutrition and Health Education
3) Children below 1 year of age i) Supplementary Nutrition
ii) Immunisation
iii) Health Check-up
iv) Referral Services
4) Children between 1 and 3 i) Supplementary Nutrition
years of ae ii) Immunisation
iii) Health Check-up
iv) Referral Services
5) Children between 3 and 6 i) Supplementary Nutrition
years of age ii) Immunisation
iii) Health Check-up
iv) Referral Services
v) Non-Formal Pre-School Education

1.1.7. Day Care Centres

A day care is a facility which enables parents to leave their children while they
are at work and where children are provided stimulating environment for their
holistic development. Day care centres are designed to provide group care to
children, usually up to 6 years of age, who need care, guidance and supervision
away from their home during the day.
A day care centre is a place where parents can leave their children while they go
to work and where they will be given a stimulating atmosphere to help them
develop holistically. Day care centres are meant to offer group care for children
up to the age of six who require care, direction, and supervision while they are
away from home during the day.
1.1.7.1. Objectives
1) To provide day-care facilities for children (6 months to 6 years) of working
mothers in the community.
2) To offer day-care services for working moms’ children aged 6 months to 6
years in the community.
3) To improve nutrition and health status of children.
4) To enhance children’s nutrition and health.
5) To promote physical, cognitive, social and emotional development (Holistic
Development) of children.
6) To encourage children’s physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth
(holistic development).
7) To educate and empower parents /caregivers for better childcare.
8) To provide better childcare by educating and empowering parents and
caregivers.

1.1.7.2. Types
1) Private Day care Chains: A company usually runs these as franchises. They
are all under the same management and have the same policies and rules.
Teachers and supervisors are assigned to children, and assisted by caregivers.
They usually have a large number of children. Examples include Kidzee,
Eurokids, or Kangaroo Kids.
2) Private Day Care Chains: These are usually run as franchises by a firm.
They are all managed by the same people and follow the same policies and
procedures. Children are assigned to teachers and supervisors, who are aided
by caregivers. They almost always have a huge family. Kidzee, Eurokids,
and Kangaroo Kids are other examples.
3) Private or Stand Alone Nurseries: These are run by individuals or a group
of individuals. They are only located in one place and do not have branches.
They have teachers assisted by caregivers. Staffing and space decides how
many babies they may take care of.
4) Individual or Small Group Nurseries: These are run by a single person or a
small group of people. They don't have any branches and just have one
location. They have teachers on staff who are aided by carers. The number of
babies they can care for is determined by staffing and space.
5) Home Based Daycares: In India, this is a common form of daycare, usually
run by homemakers. The caretaker runs this out of his/her own house. One or
two people are in charge of all the babies, sometimes with an assistant. They
take on a very small amount of children and are less structured.
6) Home-based day-cares: This is a prevalent type of daycare in India, mainly
conducted by housewives. This is administered by the caretaker from his or
her own home. All of the newborns are cared for by one or two caregivers,
occasionally with the help of an assistant. They only accept a small number
of kids and are less organised.
7) Day cares Attached to Schools: Certain schools may choose to set up a day
care attached to their school. This might have a much more regulated
environment. Qualified teachers are usually on hand to take care of the
children.
8) Schools with Day Cares: Some schools may choose to have a day care
attached to their campus. It is possible that this will have a much more
regulated environment. In most cases, qualified teachers are there to care for
the youngsters.
9) Workplace Daycares: Companies sometimes have onsite daycares for
children. Working parents can bring their baby to work and leave them at the
day care until the end of their working hours. It is easy for working parents to
pop in and check on their child. It is unusual in India, though that is slowly
changing.
10) Daycares at Work: Some businesses operate onsite daycares for their
employees’ children. Working parents can bring their children to work and
leave them at a day care centre until their shift ends. Working parents can
easily pop in to see how their child is doing. In India, it is rare, though this is
steadily changing.

1.1.7.3. Services
The scheme will provide an integrated package of the following services:
The scheme will include the following services as part of an integrated package:
1) Day care Facilities including Sleeping Facilities.
Day-care services, which include sleeping quarters.
2) Early Stimulation for children below 3 years and Pre-school Education for 3
to 6 years old children.
Early stimulation for children under the age of three and pre-school
education for children aged three to six.
3) Supplementary Nutrition(to be locally sourced)
Nutritional Supplements ( locally sourced)
4) Growth Monitoring.
Growth Tracking
5) Health Check-up and Immunization
Health Examination and Immunization

1.1.7.4. Beneficiaries and Functionaries

Ideally the number of children in the day care centre should not be more than 25.
Of these, at least 40 percent of children should, preferably, be below 3 years of
age. It is important that adequate trained worker and helper are available to
provide day care facilities and to supervise the functioning of the day care. In
addition to day care worker, there should be one day care helper looking after
children.
The maximum number of children in a day care centre must not exceed 25. At
least 40% of these children must, ideally, be under the age of three. It is critical
that sufficient qualified workers and assistants are available to provide day care
services and manage the operation of the day care. Children must be looked after
by day care helper in addition to the day care worker.

Accordingly, the details of number of children and requirement of staff in a day

care centers will be as under:-
As a result, following are the details of the number of children and the staffing
needs in a day care centre:

S.No. Age Group of Number of Number of Number of

Children Children to be Creche Creche
Enrolled Worker Helper
1) 6 months to 3 years 10 (preferably) 01 01
2) 3+ to 6 years 15
Total 25 01 01

The minimum qualification of Day-care Workers should be Class XII

(intermediate) and that of the Helper, Class X (Matriculation). In case any
suitable person with these qualifications is not available relaxation may be given
by the State Government/District Administration. However, in any case, the
qualification may not be less than Class X and VII respectively. The age limit for
both the categories should be 18-35 years at the time of appointment.
Day-care workers should have a minimum qualification of Class XII
(intermediate), whereas Helpers should have a minimum qualification of Class X.
(Matriculation). If no suitable person with these qualifications is available, the
State Government/District Administration may provide a relaxation. In any
instance, the qualification must be at least Class X and VII, separately.At the
time of appointment, both categories should be between the ages of 18 and 35.

To maintain the standards of care, the worker and helper should have minimum
qualifications and requisite training at the time of appointment itself, so as to
enable them to understand and cater to the children’s individual needs and
developmental capabilities. Thus, the NGO should engage only such staff in the
day care center who have been trained in the last three years from approved
training centres. The training will also be provided by the implementing
agencies/ mother NGOs, from their own resources.
To maintain care standards, workers and helpers must have the appropriate
qualifications and training at the time of their appointment, so that they can
understand and respond to the children’s specific needs and developmental
capacities. As a result, the NGO shall only hire personnel for the day care centre
who have received training from approved training centres in the last three years.
The implementing agencies/mother NGOs will also give the training with their
own funds.

1.1.8. NPSP (National Polio Surveillance Project)

National Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP) work to assist in planning and
implementing polio immunization activities aimed at eliminating polio from
India.
The National Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP) assists in the design and
implementation of polio immunisation campaigns aimed at eradicating the
disease in India.
1) The National Polio Surveillance Project (WHO-NPSP) was estd in May
1996.
In May 1996, The World Health Organization’s National Polio Surveillance
Project (WHO-NPSP) was established.
2) It played a critical role in strengthening surveillance for polio that generated
useful, timely and accurate data to guide policies, strategies and interventions
until transmission of the poliovirus was interrupted in India.
It was crucial in increasing polio surveillance, which resulted in relevant,
timely, and accurate data that guided policies, tactics, and interventions until
the poliovirus was eradicated in India.
3) Other WHO field staff involved with the elimination of TB and neglected
tropical diseases and hypertension control initiative were also significant
resources.
Other WHO field employees active in the elimination of tuberculosis and
ignored tropical illnesses, along with the hypertension control campaign,
were valuable resources.
4) Strengths of the NPSP team – surveillance, data management, monitoring
and supervision and responding to local situations and challenges will be
used to supplement efforts of National Centre for Disease Control,
IDSP (Integrated Disease Surveillance Program) and Indian Council of
Medical Research to strengthen surveillance.
Surveillance efforts of the National Center for Disease Control, the IDSP
(Integrated Disease Surveillance Program), and the Indian Council of
Medical Research will be supplemented by the NPSP team’s strengths in
surveillance, data management, monitoring and supervision, and responding
to local situations and challenges.
5) The NPSP team will also support in sharing information and best practices
and help states and districts calibrate their responses as per transmission
scenarios and local capabilities.
The NPSP team will also assist states and districts in sharing information and
best practises, also calibrating responses based on transmission
circumstances and local capabilities.
6) WHO field staff will continue to support immunization, surveillance and
elimination of TB and Neglected Tropical Diseases.
WHO field employees will continue to support TB and Neglected Tropical
Diseases immunisation, surveillance, and elimination efforts.
7) India’s WHO National Surveillance Project, renamed as National Public
Health Surveillance Project post-polio elimination, has supported a number
of public health emergency responses, including Ebola, with 50 of its
surveillance medical officers deployed to Africa.
8) With 50 of its surveillance medical officers deployed to Africa, India’s
WHO National Surveillance Project, renamed National Public Health
Surveillance Project after polio was eradicated, has assisted a variety of
public health emergency responses, including Ebola.
Present Scenario
1) The World Health Organization (WHO) has said it will work with India's
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to leverage the strategies that helped
the country eradicate polio to fight the pandemic.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that it will
collaborate with India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to combat the
pandemic by leveraging the tactics that helped the country eradicate polio.
2) The WHO's national polio surveillance network will be engaged to
strengthen COVID-19 surveillance and its field staff will continue to support
immunization and elimination of TB and other diseases.
The WHO's national polio surveillance network will be used to improve
COVID-19 surveillance, and its field employees will continue to promote
immunisation and TB and other disease elimination.
3) India eliminated polio in 2014.
In 2014, India declared polio-free.

1.2. LAWS PERTAINING TO PEDIATRICS

1.2.1. National Child Labour Policy

Recognizing that child labour is the outcome of multiple causes and has multiple
dimensions, Government of India enacted legislation (1986) and prepared the
national policy on child labour (1987) to tackle the problem with a multi-pronged
approach.
Acknowledging that child labour has numerous origins and dimensions, the
Indian government passed legislation in 1986 and developed a national strategy
on child labour in 1987 to address the issue in a multi-pronged manner.

The National Child Labour Policy was formulated with the basic objective of
suitable rehabilitating the children withdrawn from employment and to reduce
the incidence of Child Labour in areas where there is a known concentration of
Child Labour.
The National Child Labour Policy was created with the primary goal of
rehabilitating children who have been removed from the workforce and reducing
the occurrence of child labour in places where it is known to exist.

The important pillars of the national policy on the elimination of child labour
have been as under:
The following are the major pillars of the national policy on the abolition of child
labour:
1) Legislative Action Plan--Strict and effective enforcement of legal
provisions relating to child labour under various laws.
Legislative Action Plan—Under various laws severe and effective
execution of provisions occured relating to child labour.
2) Convergence of government developmental programmes – Focus on
converging various developmental initiatives to alleviate poverty, provide
 access to social security, health and education, economic and social
empowerment of the child workers and their families.
Government developmental programmes convergence - Focus on
bringing together multiple developmental initiatives to reduce poverty, offer
access to social security, health, and education, and empower child workers
and their families economically and socially.
3) Project based plan of action – Implementation of National Child Labour
Project (NCLP) Scheme in the areas of high concentration of child labour.
The National Child Labour Project (NCLP) Scheme is a Central Sector
Scheme. Under this Scheme the District Project Societies (DPS) are set up at
the district level under the Chairmanship of the Collector/District Magistrate
for overseeing the implementation of the project.
Project-based action plan – Execution of the National Child Labour Project
(NCLP) Scheme in high-child-labor-concentration areas. The National Child
Labour Project (NCLP) is a government-run programme. District Project
Societies (DPS) are established at the district level under the Chairmanship
of the Collector/District Magistrate to oversee the project’s implementation.

Objective of the Scheme

Objective of the Scheme
1) This is the major Central Sector Scheme for the rehabilitation of child labour.
This is the most important Central Sector Scheme for child labour
rehabilitation.
2) The Scheme seeks to adopt a sequential approach with focus on rehabilitation
of children working in hazardous occupations and processes in the first
instance.
The Scheme aims to take a step-by-step approach, with the first priority
being the rehabilitation of youngsters who work in dangerous occupations
and procedures.
3) Under the Scheme, survey of child labour engaged in hazardous occupations
and processes has been conducted.
A survey of child labour engaged in hazardous activities and procedures was
done as a part of the Scheme.
4) The identified children are to be withdrawn from these occupations and
processes and then put into special schools in order to enable them to be
mainstreamed into formal schooling system.
The selected youngsters will be removed from these jobs and procedures and
placed in special schools so that they can be mainstreamed into the official
schooling structure.
5) Project Societies at the district level are fully funded for opening up of
special schools/rehabilitation centres for the rehabilitation of child labour.
At the district level, Project Societies are fully financed to open special
schools/rehabilitation centres for child labour rehabilitation.
6) The special schools/rehabilitation centres provide:
Following are the benefits of the special schools/rehabilitation centres:
i) Non-formal/bridge education
None-official/bridge teaching
 ii) Skilled/vocational training
Occupational/skilled training
iii) Mid-Day Meal
Lunch in the Middle of the Day
iv) Stipend @ `.150/- per child per month
Monthly stipend of 150/- per child
v) Health care facilities through a doctor appointed for a group of 20
schools.
Health-care services provided by a doctor assigned to a group of 20
schools.
7) To eliminate all forms or child labour through:
To remove all types of child labour by:
i) Identification and withdrawal of all children in the Protect Area from
child labour,
Recognizing and removing all children from child labour in the Protect
Area;
ii) Preparing children withdrawn from work for mainstream education along
with vocational training.
Preparing children who have been removed from employment for
mainstream education and occupational training
iii) Ensuring convergence or services provided by different government
departments/agencies for the benefit of child and their family.
Verifying that services supplied by various government
departments/agencies are combined for the benefit of children and their
families
8) To contribute to the withdrawal of all adolescent workers from Hazardous
Occupations/Processes and their Skilling and integration in appropriate
occupations through.
Assist with the removal of all teenage workers from hazardous activities and
processes, along with their training and integration into appropriate
occupations.
i) Identification and withdrawal of all adolescent workers from hazardous
occupations/processes.
Acknowledging and removing all juvenile workers from potentially
hazardous jobs/processes.
ii) Facilitating vocational training opportunities for such adolescents
through existing scheme of skill developments.
Making existing skill development schemes more conducive to
professional training opportunities for such teenagers.
9) Raising awareness amongst stakeholders and target communities, and
orientation of NCLP and other functionaries on me issues of Child Labour
and ‘employment of adolescent workers in hazardous occupations processes;
and
Raising awareness among stakeholders and target communities, also
providing NCLP and other functionaries with training on the concerns of
child labour and teenage workers in dangerous occupations; and
10) Creation or a Child Labour Monitoring, Tracking and Reporting System.
 Establishment of a system for monitoring, tracking, and reporting child
labour

Target Group
The scheme focuses on:
The plan is targeted at:
1) All child workers below the age of 14 years in the identified target area.
All child labourers under the age of 14 in the designated target area
2) Adolescent workers below the age of 18 years in the target area engaged In
hazardous occupations/processes.
In the target area, adolescent employees under the age of 18 involved in
hazardous occupations/processes.
3) Families of Child workers in the identified target area.
Child workers’ families in the specified target area.

NCLP Highlights/Features
1) The Government contributes to the identification, classification eradication,
and withdrawal of children and adolescents from hazardous occupations.
The government assists in the identification, classification, and removal of
children and adolescents from dangerous employment.
2) Successfully mainstreaming the rescued children into proper local schools
and affiliating them with SarvaShikshaAbhiyan (SSA).
Successfully mainstreaming rescued children into local schools and
affiliating them with the SarvaShikshaAbhiyan (SSA).
3) The adolescents will be provided with other skill enhancement training and
transferred to permitted occupations.
Other skill enhancement training will be provided to the teenagers, and they
will be transferred to allowed occupations.
4) Better awareness programmes for the education of communities and the
Indian public as a whole with the help of enhanced abilities.
With the use of expanded talents, better awareness programmes for the
education of communities and the Indian public as a whole.
5) Compensatory measures for the families who are releasing their children
from working and allowing them to attend training or schools.
Financial compensation for families who release their children from work,
permitting them to attend training or school.
6) Mothers of such victimised children are often organised into Self-Help
Group (SHGs).
Self-Help Groups are frequently formed by mothers of such victimised
children (SHGs).

NCLP Implementation
1) The scheme was successfully implemented through joint collaboration with
civil society, state and district administration.
The system was effectively implemented by the collaborative effort of civic
society, the state, and local governments.
2) The responsibility is jointly handed to the respective state governments and
the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
The respective state governments and the Ministry of Labour and
Employment share the obligation.
3) The scheme has been initially launched in areas of high cases of child labour
and specific District Project Societies (DPS’s) have been set up at the district
level to ensure proper implementation of the scheme at all levels.
The programme was first implemented in areas where there were many
examples of child labour, and specific District Project Societies (DPS) were
established at the district level to make sure that the system was properly
executed on all levels
4) District Project Society is also responsible for the stipend payment for the
children and their families.
Also, The District Project Society is in charge of paying the stipends to the
children and their families.

Certain important and enhanced parameters that have been introduced in the
scheme now are as under:
The following are some of the new and improved parameters that have been
added to the scheme:
1) Stipend: In the existing arrangement, the stipend of `100/- per child per
month was being disbursed every month. As per the revised scheme, the
monthly stipend of `100/- per month per child will be disbursed only after the
child is successfully mainstreamed into formal system of schooling. Till that
period, the amount of stipend will be regularly deposited in the Bank
Account of the child. The accumulated stipend amount could be handed over
to the child at the time of her/his getting mainstreamed.
Stipend: Under the previous arrangement, a stipend of 100/- per child per
month was provided on a monthly basis. The monthly stipend of 100/- per
month per child will be granted only once the youngster has been effectively
mainstreamed into the formal schooling system, according to the new policy.
The stipend will be placed into the child’s bank account on a regular basis
during that time. The accumulated stipend money could be given to the
youngster when she or he is mainstreamed.
2) Nutrition: The amount for provision of nutrition to the children in the
special schools has been doubled from `2.50/- per child per day to `5/- per
child per day.
Nourishment: The sum allocated to providing nutrition to children in special
schools has been increased from 2.50/- to 5/- per child per day.
3) Health Component: In the existing scheme, there was no separate budgetary
provision for any health component to take care of the health-related aspects
of the children. In the revised scheme an amount of honorarium (`5,000/- per
month for one doctor for every 20 schools) has been provided to put in place
an institutionalised mechanism for regular and periodical effective health
care of the children by a doctor. A health card in respect of every child also
needs to be maintained with all the necessary entries.
 Health Component: There was no distinct budgetary provision for any
health component in the present programme to take care of the children’s
health-related issues. Amount of honorarium (each month 5,000/- for one
doctor in 20 schools) has been granted in the amended programme to
establish an institutionalised system for regular and periodic effective health
treatment by a doctor for children. Every child must also have a health card
that has all of the relevant information.
4) Vocational Training: In the existing scheme, there was no separate
budgetary provision for the services of any Master Trainer for imparting
training to the children/teachers. In the revised scheme, budgetary provision
(`5,000/- for one Master Trainer for each NCLP) has been provided to hire
the services of a Master for each NCLP.
Vocational Training: There was no specific budgetary provision in the
present programme for the services of a Master Trainer to provide training to
the children/teachers. Budgetary provision (5,000/- for one Master Trainer
per NCLP) has been made in the amended strategy to hire the services of a
Master for each NCLP.
5) Training for Educational Teachers: In the existing scheme, there was no
separate budgetary provision for providing training to the educational
teachers. In the revised scheme, budgetary provision has been provided to
impart training to the teachers twice during the 10th Plan period.
Training for Educational Teachers: There was no distinct budgetary
provision in the previous programme for offering guidance to educational
teachers. Budgetary provisions have been included in the amended strategy
to provide teacher training twice during the 10th Plan term.
6) Survey: In the revised Scheme, Provision (`2.75 lac per survey) has been
made to conduct surveys of working children two times during the 10 th Plan
period.
Survey: A provision (2.75 lac per survey) has been included in the amended
Scheme to carry out surveys of working children twice during the 10th Plan
period.

1.2.2. Children Act

Chapter I: Preliminary
1) Short Title, Extent and Commencement
(1) This Act my be called the Children Act, 1960.
(2) It extends to all the Unior territories.
(3) It shall come into force in any Union territory on such date as the
administrator may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint and
different dates may be apponted for different areas thereof.
Chapter I: Preliminary
2) Short Title, Extent and Commencement
(4) The act is called the Children Act, 1960.
(5) The Act extends to all the Unior territories.
 (6) It shall come into force in any Union territory on such date as the
administrator may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint and
different dates may be apponted for various areas thereof.

Chapter II: Competent Authorities and Institutions for Children

4) Child Welfare Boards
(1) The Administrator may, by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute
for any area specified in the notification, one or more Child Welfare
Boards for exercising the powers and discharging the duties conferred or
imposed on such Board in relation to neglected children under this Act.
(2) A Board shall consist of a chairman and such other mambers as the
administrator thinks fit to appoint, of whom not less than one shall be a
woman; an every such member shall be vested with the powers of a
magistrate under the [Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973].
(3) The Board shall function as a Bench of magistrates and shall have the
powers conferred by the [Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, on a
Metropolitan Magistrate or , as the case may be, a judicial Magistrate of
the first class].
Chapter II: Competent Authorities and Institutions for Children
5) Child Welfare Boards
(4) As per the notification in the Official Gazette, the administrator may
include any area specified in the notification, one or more Child Welfare
Boards to enforce the powers and deliver the duties conferred or imposed
on such Board for negligence of children under this Act.
(5) A Board shall include a chairman and other mambers as the
administrator thinks fit to appoint, of whom not less than one shall be a
woman. Every such member of the board shall be vested with the powers
of a magistrate under the [Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973].
(6) The Board shall act as a Bench of magistrates and shall have the powers
deliberated by the [Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, on a Metropolitan
Magistrate o , as the case may be, a judicial Magistrate of the first class].
6) Children’s Courts
(1) Notwithstanding anything Contained in the [Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973], the administrator may, by notification in the official Gazette,
constiture for any area sapecified in the notification, one or more
children’s courts for exercising the powers and discharging the duties
conferred or imposed on such court in relation to delinquent children
under this Act.
[(2) A children’s court shall consist of such number of Metropolitan
Magistrates or Judicial Magistrates of the first class, as the case may be,
forming a Bench as the administrator thinks fit to appoint, of whom one
shall be designated as the principal magistrate; and every such Bench
shall have the powers conferred by the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973, on a Metropolitan Magistrate or, as the case may be, a Judicaial
Magistrate of the first class.
(3) Every Children’s court shall be assisted by a panel of two honorary
social workers possessing such qualifications as may be pescribed, of
 whom at least one shall be a woman, and such panel shall be appointed
by the administrator.]
7) Children’s Courts
(2) Nonetheless anything present in the [Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973],
the administrator may, by notification in the official Gazette, include any
area sapecified in the notification, one or more children’s courts to
deliver the powers and to perform the duties given or imposed on such
court according to delinquent children under this Act.
(2) A children’s court shall include such number of Metropolitan Magistrates
or Judicial Magistrates of the first class, as the case may be, forming a
Bench as the administrator thinks appropriate to appoint, of whom one
shall be designated as the principal magistrate. Each such Bench shall
have the powers conferred by the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, on
a Metropolitan Magistrate or, as the case may be, a Judicaial Magistrate
of the first class.
(4) Every Children’s court shall be provided with assistant by a panel of two
honorary social workers who have such qualifications as mentioned, of
whom at least one shall be a woman, and such panel shall be appointed
by the administrator.
8) Procedure, etc., in Relation to Boards and Children’s Courts
(1) In the event of any difference of opinion among the members of a Board
or among the magistrates of a children’s court, the opinion of the
majority shall prevail, but where there is no such majority, the opinion of
the chairman or of the [principal magistrate], as the case may be, shall
prevail.
(2) A Board or children’s court may act notwithstanding the absence of any
member of the Board or, as the case may be, any magistrate of the
children’s court and no order made by the Board of children’s court
shall be invalid by reason only of the absence of any member or
magistrate, as the case may be, during any stage of the proceeding.
(3) No person shall be appointed as a member of the Board or as a
magistrate in the children’s court unless he has, in the opinion of the
administrator, special knowledge of child psychology and child welfare.
9) Procedure, etc., in Relation to Boards and Children’s Courts
(4) In case of any variation in the opinion among the members of a Board or
among the magistrates of a children’s court, the decision of the majority
shall prevail. If there is no such majority, the opinion of the chairman or
of the [principal magistrate], as the case may be, shall succeed.
(5) In case of absence of any member, a Board or children’s court may act
notwithstanding or, as the case may be, any magistrate of the children’s
court and no order made by the Board of children’s court shall be invalid
by reason only due to the absence of any member or magistrate, as the
case may be, during any stage of the proceedingvof the case.
(6) A person, with special knowledge of child psychology and child welfare,
shall be appointed as a member of the Board or as a magistrate in the
children’s court, in the opinion of the administrator,.
10) Power of Board and Children’s Court
 (1) Where a Board or a children’s court has been constituted for any area,
such Board or court shall, notwithstanding anything contained in any
other law for the time being in force but save as otherwise expressly
provided in this Act, have power to deal exclusively with all proceedings
under this Act relating to neglected children or delinquent children, as
the case may be:

[Provided that a Board or a children’s court may, if it is of opinion that it

is necessary so to do having regard to the circumstances of the case,
transfer any proceedings to any children’s court or Board, as the case
may be:

Provided further that where there is any difference of opinion between a

Board and a children’s court regarding the transfer of any proceedings
under the first proviso, it shall be, referred to the Chief Metropolitan
Magistrate or, as the case may be, the Chief Judicial Magistrate for
decision, and in a case where the District Magistrate is functioning as a
Board or a children’s court, such difference of opinion shall be referred
to the Court of Session, and the decision of the Chief Metropolitan
Magistrate or Chief Judicial Magistrate or, as the case may be, the Court
of Session on such reference shall be final.]

(2) Where no Board or children’s court has been constituted for any area, the
powers conferred on the Board or the children’s court by or under this
Act shall be exercised in that area, only by the following, namely:
a) The district magistrate; or
b) The sub-divisional magistrate; or
[(c) Any Metropolitan Magistrate of Judicial Magistrate of the first class,
as the case may be.]
(3) The powers conferred on the Board or children’s court by or under this
Act may also be exercised by the High Court and the court of session,
when the proceeding comes before them in appeal, revision or otherwise.
11) Power of Board and Children’s Court
(4) If a Board or a children’s court has been established for any area, such
Board or court shall, notwithstanding anything included in any other law
for the time being in force but save as otherwise immediately provide in
this Act, the power to deal exclusively with all proceedings under this
Act related to the negligence of children or delinquent children, as the
case may be:

[It is included that a Board or a children’s court may, if it is of opinion

that it is required so to do having regard to the circumstances of the case,
transfer any proceedings to any children’s court or Board, as the case
may be:

Included further that in case of any difference of opinion between a

Board and a children’s court regarding the transfer of any proceedings
 under the first proviso, it shall be, referred to the Chief Metropolitan
Magistrate or, as the case may be, the Chief Judicial Magistrate for
decision, and in a case where the District Magistrate is acting as a Board
or a children’s court, such difference of opinion shall be resolved by the
Court of Session, and the decision of the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate
or Chief Judicial Magistrate or, as the case may be, the Court of Session
on such reference shall be acceptable.]

(5) In case of absence of any Board or children’s court, it has been

constituted for any area, the powers conferred on the Board or the
children’s court by or under this Act shall be exercised in only to that
area, exclusively by the following persons:
c) The district magistrate; or
d) The sub-divisional magistrate; or
[(c) Any Metropolitan Magistrate of Judicial Magistrate of the first class,
as the case may be.]
High Court and the court of session may also exercise the powers
conferred on the Board or children’s court by or under this Act, in case
the proceeding comes before them in appeal, revision or otherwise.
12) Procedure to be Followed by a Magistrate not Empowered under the Act
(1) When any magistrate not empowered to exercise the powers of a Board
or a children’s court under this Act is of opinion that a person brought
before him under any of the provisions of this Act (otherwise than for the
purpose of giving evidence) is a child, he shall record such opinion and
forward the child and the record of the proceeding to the
competent authority having jurisdiction over the proceeding.
(2) The competent authority to which the proceeding is forwarded under
sub-section (1) shall hold the inquiry as if the child had originally been
brought before it.
13) Procedure to be Followed by a Magistrate not Empowered under the Act
(3) If any magistrate is not provided with capacity to exercise the powers of
a Board or a children’s court under this Act is of opinion that a person
brought before him under any of the provisions of this Act (otherwise
than for the purpose of giving evidence) is a child, he shall record such
opinion and transfer the child and the recorded proceeding to the
competent authority, empowered with the jurisdiction over the
proceeding.
(4) The competent authority to which the proceeding is transferred under
sub-section (1) shall hold the inquiry as if the child had originally been
brought before it.
14) Children’s Homes
(1) The Administrator may establish and maintain as many children’s homes
as may be necessary for the reception of neglected children under this
Act.
(2) Where the Administrator is of opinion that any institution other than an
institution established under sub-section (1) is fit for the reception of the
 neglected children to be sent there under this Act, he may certify such
institution as a children’s home for the purposes of this Act.
(3) Every children’s home to which a neglected child is sent under this Act
shall not only provide the child with accommodation, maintenance and
facilities for education, but also provide him with facilities for the
development of his character and abilities and give him necessary
training for protecting himself against moral dangers or exploitation and
shall also perform such other functions as may be prescribed [to ensure
all round growth and development of his personality].
(4) The Administrator may, by rules made under this Act provide for the
management of children’s homes [including the standards and the nature
of services to be maintained by them,] and the circumstances under
which, and the manner in which, the certificate of a children’s home may
be granted or withdrawn.
15) Children’s Homes
(5) Children’s homes shall be established and maintained by the
Administrator as many as required for the accommodation of neglected
children under this Act.
(6) Where the Administrator is of opinion that any institution other than an
institution established under sub-section (1) is fit for the reception of the
neglected children to be sent there under this Act, he may certify such
institution as a children’s home for the purposes of this Act.
(7) Every children’s home to which a neglected child is sent under this Act
shall provide the child with accommodation, maintenance and facilities
for education, and also give them other facilities required for the
development of their character and abilities and give them required
training for protecting themself against moral risks or exploitation and
shall also perform such other functions as may be prescribed so that all
round growth and development of the children can be ensured.
(8) The Administrator may, by rules made under this Act provide for the
management of children’s homes which covers the standards and the
nature of services to be maintained by them, and the circumstances under
which, and the manner in which, the certificate of a children’s home may
be granted or withdrawn.
16) Special Schools
(1) The Administrator may establish and maintain as many special schools
as may be necessary for the reception of delinquent children under this
Act.
(2) Where the Administrator is of opinion that any institution other than an
institution established under sub-section (1) is fit for the reception of the
delinquent children to be sent there under this Act, he may certify such
institution as a special school for the purposes of this Act.
(3) Every special school to which a delinquent child is sent under this Act
shall not only provide the child with accommodation, maintenance and
facilities for education but also provide him with facilities for the
development of his character and abilities and give him necessary
training for his reformation and shall also perform such other functions
 as may be prescribed [to ensure all round growth and development of his
personality].
(4) The Administrator may, by rules made under this Act, provide for the
management of special schools [including the standards and the nature of
services to be maintained by them] and the circumstances under which,
and the manner in which, the certificate of a special school may be
granted or withdrawn.
17) Special Schools
(5) Special schools shall be established and maintained by the Administrator
as many as may be necessary for the reception of delinquent children
under this Act.
(6) Where the Administrator is of opinion that any institution other than an
institution established under sub-section (1) is fit for the admission of the
delinquent children to be sent there under this Act, he may certify such
institution as a special school for the purposes of this Act.
(7) Every special school to which a delinquent child is sent under this Act
shall provide the child with accommodation, maintenance and facilities
for education as well as provide him with facilities for the development
of his character and abilities and give him necessary training for his
reformation and shall also perform such other acts as per the requirement
of the all-around growth and development of his personality.
(8) The Administrator may, by rules made under this Act, provide for the
management of special schools [including the standards and the nature of
services to be maintained by them] and the circumstances under which,
and the manner in which, the certificate of a special school may be
granted or withdrawn.
18) Observation Homes
(1) The Administrator may establish and maintain as many observation
homes as may be necessary for the temporary reception of children
during the pendency of any inquiry regarding them under this Act.
(2) Where the Administrator is of opinion that any institution other than an
institution established under sub-section (1) is fit for the temporary
reception of children during the pendency of any inquiry regarding them
under this Act, he may recognise such institution as an observation home
for the purposes of this Act.
(3) Every observation home to which a child is sent under this Act shall not
only provide the child with accommodation, maintenance and facilities
for medical examination and treatment, but also provide him with
facilities for useful occupation.
(4) The Administrator may, by rules made under this, Act, provide for the
management of observation homes [including the standards and the
nature of services to be maintained by them] and the circumstances under
which, and the manner in which, an institution may be recognised as an
observation home or the recognition may be withdrawn.
19) Observation Homes
(5) Observation homes shall be established and maintained by the
Administrator as many as may be required for the temporary reception of
 children during the pendency of any inquiry regarding them under this
Act.
(6) Where the Administrator is of opinion that any institution other than an
institution established under sub-section (1) is fit for the temporary
reception of children during the pendency of any inquiry regarding them
under this Act, he may recognise such institution as an observation home
for the purposes of this Act.
(7) Every observation home to which a child is sent under this Act shall
provide the child with accommodation, maintenance and facilities for
medical examination and treatment, as well as other also provide him
with facilities for useful occupation.
(8) According to the rules made under this Act, , it is the responsibility of the
Administer to provide for the management of observation homes
[including the standards and the nature of services to be maintained by
them] and the appropriate environment under which, and the manner in
which, an institution may be called as an observation home or the
recognition may be withdrawn.
[12) After-Care Organisations
The Administrator may, by rules made under this Act provide:
(a) For the establishment or recognition of after-care organisations and the
powers that may be exercised by them for effectively carrying out their
functions under this Act.
(b) For a scheme of after-care programme to be followed by such after-care
organisations for the purpose of taking care of children after they leave
children’s homes or special schools and for the purpose of enabling them
to lead an honest, industrious and useful life;
(c) For the preparation and submission of a report by the probation officer in
respect of each child prior to his discharge from a children’s home or
special school, as the case may be. regarding the necessity and nature of
after-care of such child, the period of such after-care, supervision thereof
and for the submission of a report by the probation officer on the
progress of each such child;
(d) For the standards and the nature of services to be maintained by such
after-care organisations;
(e) For such other matters as may be necessary for the purpose of effectively
carrying out the scheme of after-care programme of children.]
After-Care Organisations
As per the by rules made under this Act, The Administrator may:
(f) Establish or recognise any after-care organisations and the powers that
may be exercised by them for proper carrying out their functions under
this Act.
(g) Give a scheme of after-care programme to be followed by such after-care
organisations to take care of children after they leave children’s homes or
special schools and for the purpose of enabling them to lead an honest,
industrious and useful life;
(h) Prepare and submit a report by the probation officer regarding each child
prior to his discharge from a children’s home or special school, as the
 case may be, according to the requirements and nature of after-care of
such child, the period of such after-care, supervision thereof and for the
submission of a report by the probation officer on the progress of each
such child;
(i) Establish guidelines for the standards and the nature of services to be
maintained by such after-care organisations;
(j) Provide assistance for such other matters as may be necessary for the
purpose of effectively carrying out the scheme of after-care programme
of children.]
13) Production of Neglected Children before Boards
(1) If any police officer or any other person authorised by the Administrator
in this behalf, by general or special order, is of opinion that a person is
apparently a neglected child, such police officer or other person may take
charge of that person for bringing him before a Board.
(2) When information is given to an officer-in-charge of a police station
about any neglected child found within the limits of such station, he shall
enter in a book to be kept for the purpose the substance of such
information and take such action thereon as he deems fit and if such
officer does not propose to take charge of the child, he shall forward a
copy of the entry made to the Board.
(3) Every child taken charge of under sub-section (1) shall be brought before
the Board within a period of twenty-four hours of such charge taken
excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place where the
child had been taken charge of to the Board.
(4) Every child taken charge of under sub-section (1) shall, unless he is kept
with his parent or guardian, be sent to an observation home (but not to a
police station or jail) until he can be brought before a Board. .
14) Production of Neglected Children before Boards
(5) By general or special order the Administrator appoints any police officer
or any other person on this behalf only, with an opinion that a person is
apparently a neglected child, and that police officer or other person is
taking charge of that person to bring him before a Board.
(6) The information shared to an officer-in-charge of a police station about
any neglected child found within the limits of such station, he shall enter
in a book to be kept for the purpose the substance of such information
and take such action thereon as he deems fit. In case such officer does
not accept charge of the child, he shall forward a copy of the entry made
to the Board.
(7) Every child taken charge of under sub-section (1) shall be brought before
the Board within a period of twenty-four hours of such charge taken (not
including the time required for the journey from the place where the
child had been taken charge of to the Board).
(8) Every child taken charge of under sub-section (1) shall, unless he is kept
with his parent or guardian, be sent to an observation home (but not to a
police station or jail) until he can be brought before a Board.
15) Special Procedure to be Followed when Neglected Child has Parent
 (1) If a person, who in the opinion of the police officer or the authorised
person is a neglected child, has a parent or guardian who has the actual
charge of, or control over, the child, the police officer or the authorised
person may, instead of taking charge of the child, make a report to the
Board for initiating an inquiry regarding that child.
(2) On receipt of a report under sub-section (1), the Board may call upon the
parent or guardian to produce the child before it and to show cause why
the child should not be dealt with as a neglected child under the
provisions of this Act and if it appears to the Board that the child is likely
to be removed from its jurisdiction or to be concealed, it may
immediately order his removal (if necessary by issuing a search warrant
for the immediate production of the child) to an observation home (or a
place of safety).
16) Special Procedure to be Followed when Neglected Child has Parent
(3) According to the opinion of the police officer or the authorised person, is
the delinquent person is a neglected child, has a parent or guardian who
has the actual charge of, or control over, the child, the police officer or
the authorised person may, instead of taking charge of the child, make a
report to the Board for initiating an inquiry regarding that child.
(4) On receipt of a report under sub-section (1), the Board may call upon the
parent or guardian to produce the child before it and to show cause why
the child should not be dealt with as a neglected child under the
provisions of this Act and if it appears to the Board that the child is likely
to be removed from its jurisdiction or to be concealed, it may
immediately order his removal (if necessary by issuing a search warrant
for the immediate production of the child) to an observation home (or a
place of safety).
17) Inquiry by Board Regarding Neglected Children
(1) When a person alleged to be a neglected child is produced before a
Board, it shall examine the police officer or the authorised person who
brought the child or made the report and record the substance of such
examination and hold the inquiry in the prescribed manner and may
make such orders in relation to the child as it may deem fit.
(2) Where a Board is satisfied on inquiry that a child is a neglected child and
that it is expedient so to deal with him, the Board may make an order
directing the child to be sent to a children’s home for the period until he
ceases to be a child:

Provided that the Board may, for reasons to be recorded, extend the
period of such stay, but in no case the period of stay shall extend beyond
the time when the child attains the age of eighteen years, in the case of a
boy, or twenty years, in the case of a girl:

Provided further that the Board may, if it is satisfied that having regard to
the circumstances of the case it is expedient so to do, for reasons to be
recorded, reduce the period of stay to such period as it thinks fit.
 (3) During the pendency of any inquiry regarding a child, the child shall,
unless he is kept with his parent or guardian, be sent to an observation
home, [or a place of safety] for such period as may be specified in the
order of the Board:

Provided that no child shall be kept with his parent or guardian if, in the
opinion of the Board, such parent or guardian is until [or unable] to
exercise or does not exercise proper care and control over the child.
18) Inquiry by Board Regarding Neglected Children
(4) In case a person alleged to be a neglected child is produced before a
Board, it shall examine the police officer or the authorised person who
brought the child or made the report and record the substance of such
examination and hold the inquiry in the prescribed manner and may
make such orders in relation to the child as it may deem fit.
(5) In case a Board is satisfied on inquiry that a child is a neglected child and
that it is convenient so to deal with him, the Board may make an order
directing the child to be sent to a children’s home for the period until he
ceases to be a child:

The Board may, on the basis of reasons to be recorded, extend the period
of such stay, but the period of stay shall not extend more than the time
when the child achieves the age of eighteen years (in the case of a boy),
or twenty years (in the case of a girl):

Provided further that the Board may reduce the period of stay to such
period as it thinks fit, if it is satisfied that having regard to the
circumstances of the case it is expedient so to do, for reasons to be
recorded.
(6) During the period of pendency of any inquiry of a child, the child shall,
unless he is kept with his parent or guardian, be sent to an observation
home, [or a place of safety] for that specific period as may be provided in
the order of the Board:

It is provided that any child shall not be kept with his parent or guardian
if, in the opinion of the Board, such parent or guardian is until [or
unable] to exercise or does not exercise proper care and control over the
child.
19) Power to Commit Neglected Child to Suitable Custody
(1) lf the Board so thinks fit, it may, instead of making an order under sub-
section (2) of Section 15 for sending the child to a children’s home, make
an order placing the child under the care of a parent, guardian or other fit
person, on such parent, guardian or fit person executing a bond with or
without surety to be responsible for the good behaviour and well-being
of the child and for the observance of such conditions as the Board may
think fit to impose.
(2) At the time of making an order under sub-section (1) or at any time
subsequently, the Board may, in addition, make an order that the child be
 placed under supervision for any period not exceeding three years in the
first instance.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section(1) or sub-section (2),
if at any time it appears to the Board, on receiving a report from the
probation officer or otherwise, that there has been a breach of any of the
conditions imposed by it in respect of the child, it may, after making
such inquiry as it deems fit, order the child to be sent to a children’s
home.
20) Power to Commit Neglected Child to Suitable Custody
(4) If the Board so thinks fit, it may, instead of making an order under sub-
section (2) of Section 15 for sending the child to a children’s home, make
an order placing the child under the care of a parent, guardian or other fit
person, on such parent, guardian or fit person may build a bond with or
without guarantee to be responsible for the good behaviour and well-
being of the child and for the observance of such conditions.
(5) During time of making an order under sub-section (1) or at any time
subsequently, the Board may, in addition, make an order that the child be
placed under supervision for any period not more than three years in the
first instance.
(6) Nevertheless anything included in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), if at
any time it appears to the Board, on receiving a report from the probation
officer or otherwise, that there has been a breach of any of the conditions
forced by it in respect of the child, it may, after making such inquiry as it
deems fit, order the child to be sent to a children’s home.

21) Uncontrollable Children: Where a parent or guardian of a child complains

to the Board that he is not able to exercise proper care and control over the
child and the Board is satisfied on inquiry that proceedings under this Act
should be initiated regarding the child, it may send the child to an
observation home [or a place of safety] and make such further inquiry as it
may deem fit and the provisions of Section 15 and Section 16 shall, as far as
may be, apply to such proceedings.
22) Uncontrollable Children: Defined as where a parent or guardian of a child
complains to the Board that he is not able to exercise proper care and control
over the child and the Board is satisfied on inquiry that proceedings under
this Act should be initiated regarding the child, it may send the child to an
observation home [or a place of safety] and make such further inquiry as it
may deem fit and the provisions of Section 15 and Section 16 shall, as far as
may be, apply to such proceedings.

1.2.3. Juvenile Justice Act

The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act was introduced and
passed in Parliament in 2015 to replace the Juvenile Delinquency Law and the
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children Act) 2000.
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act was introduced and
passed in Parliament in 2015 to replace the Juvenile Delinquency Law and the
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children Act), 2000.

The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 states

that adoption of a child is final on the issuance of an adoption order by the civil
court.  The Bill provides that instead of the court, the district magistrate
(including additional district magistrate) will issue such adoption orders.
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 states that child
adoption is considered final after an adoption order is issued by the civil court.
The Bill states that such adoption orders will be issued by the district magistrate
(including additional district magistrate).

Under the 2015 Act offences committed by juveniles are categorised as heinous
offences, serious offences, and petty offences.  Serious offences include offences
with three to seven years of imprisonment.  The Bill adds that serious offences
will also include offences for which maximum punishment is imprisonment of
more than seven years, and minimum punishment is not prescribed or is less than
seven years.    
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 categorises the
offences committed by juveniles as heinous offences, serious offences (with 3-7
years of imprisonment), and petty offences.  

1.2.3.1. Objectives
Former Chief Justice of India, Justice V.K. Krishna Iyer once stated that we need
a penal code because the child is the father of a man and if we are neglecting the
underdevelopment in children, then we would guilty of many faults and errors
related to abandoning our children. The following are the objectives of the
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.
1) To lay down the basic principles for administering justice to a juvenile or the
child in the Act;
2) To make the juvenile justice system meant for a juvenile or the child more
appreciative of the developmental needs in comparison to the criminal justice
system as applicable to adults;
3) To bring the juvenile law in conformity with the United Convention on the
Rights of the Child;
4) To prescribe a uniform age of eighteen years for both boys and girls;
5) To ensure speedy disposal of cases as enshrined under Article 21 of the
Constitution of India by the authorities envisaged under this Act regarding
juvenile or the child within a time limit of four months;
6) To spell out the role of the State as a facilitator rather than doer by involving
voluntary organisations and local bodies in implementation of the proposed
legislation;
7) To create special juvenile police units with a humane approach through
sensitisation and training of police personnel;
8) To enable increased accessibility to juvenile or the child by establishing
Juvenile Justice Boards and Child Welfare Committees and Homes in each
district or group of districts;
9) To minimise the stigma and in keeping with the developmental needs of the
juvenile or the child, to separate the Act into two parts – one for juveniles in
conflict with the law and the other for the juvenile or the child in need of care
and protection;
10) To provide for effective provisions and various alternatives for rehabilitation
and social reintegration such as adoption, foster care, sponsorship, and
aftercare of abandoned, destitute, neglected, and delinquent juvenile and
child.
11) To allow juveniles between the age group of 16-18 years to be tried as adults
for heinous offenses.
12) To lay down basic principles for giving justice to a juvenile or the child in
the Act.
13) To make the juvenile justice system more approving of the developmental
needs.
14) To bring the juvenile law in conformism with the United Convention on the
Rights of the Child.
15) To prescribe a uniform age of 18 years for both boys and girls.
16) To ensure prompt disposal of cases as under Article 21 of the Indian
Constitution by the authorities envisioned under this Act regarding juvenile
or the child within 4 months.
17) To describe the State’s role as a facilitator by involving voluntary
organisations and local bodies in the implementation of proposed legislation.
18) To establish special juvenile police units with a civilised approach through
sensitisation and training of police personnel.
19) To enhance accessibility to the juvenile or child by establishing Juvenile
Justice Boards and Child Welfare Committees and Homes in every district or
group of districts.
20) To reduce the stigma and maintain the developmental needs of the juvenile
or child to separate the Act into two parts; one for the juveniles who are
conflicting with the law and the other for the juvenile or the child who need
care and protection.
21) To provide effective provisions and alternatives for rehabilitation and social
reintegration, like adoption, foster care, sponsorship, and aftercare of
abandoned, destitute, neglected, and delinquent juvenile and child.
22) To allow 16-18 years old juveniles to be tried as adults for heinous offenses.

1.2.3.2. Salient Features

1) Adoption:  Under the Act, once prospective adoptive parents accept a child,
an adoption agency files an application in a civil court to obtain the adoption
order.  The adoption order issued by the court establishes that the child
belongs to the adoptive parents.  The Bill provides that instead of the court,
the district magistrate (including additional district magistrate) will perform
these duties and issue all such orders. 
2) Adoption: Once the future adoptive parents accept a child, an application is
filed in a civil court by an adoption agency to get the adoption order, which
states that the child now belongs to the adoptive parents. The Act states that
such adoption orders will be issued by the district magistrate (including
additional district magistrate).
3) Appeals: The Bill provides that any person aggrieved by an adoption order
passed by the district magistrate may file an appeal before the Divisional
Commissioner, within 30 days of such order.  Such appeals should be
disposed within four weeks from the date of filing of the appeal. The Act
provides that there will be no appeal for any order made by a Child Welfare
Committee concluding that a person is not a child in need of care and
protection.  The Bill removes this provision.
4) Appeals: The Act states that a person distressed by an adoption order passed
by the district magistrate may file an appeal to the Divisional Commissioner
within a month. This appeal should be disposed within 4 weeks from the date
it was filed. The Act states that no appeal will be filed for an order made by a
Child Welfare Committee concluding that a person is not a child in need of
care and protection. The Bill removes this provision.
5) Serious offences: The Act provides that the Juvenile Justice Board will
inquire about a child who is accused of a serious offence.  Serious offences
are those for which the punishment is imprisonment between three to seven
years.  The Bill adds that serious offences will also include offences for
which maximum punishment is imprisonment of more than seven years, and
minimum punishment is not prescribed or is less than seven years.
6) Serious Offences: The Act states that the Juvenile Justice Board will
investigate about a child accused of a serious offence (with 3-7 years of
imprisonment).
7) Designated Court: The Act provides that offences against children that are
punishable with imprisonment of more than seven years, will be tried in the
Children’s Court (equivalent to a Sessions Court).  Other offences
(punishable with imprisonment of less than seven years) will be tried by a
Judicial Magistrate.  The Bill amends this to provide that all offences under
the Act will be tried in the Children’s Court.  
8) Designated Court: The Act states that children, who have committed
offences punishable with imprisonment of more than 7 years, will be tried in
the Children’s Court; and those who have committed offences punishable
with imprisonment of less than 7 years will be tried by a Judicial Magistrate.
The Bill made amendment to this and stated that all offences under the Act
will be tried in the Children’s Court.  
9) Offences against children: The Act provides that an offence under the Act,
which is punishable with imprisonment between three to seven years will be
cognizable (where arrest is allowed without warrant) and non-bailable.  The
Bill provides that such offences will be non-cognizable and non-bailable.
10) Offences against Children: The Act states that an offence punishable with
imprisonment of 3-7 years will be cognizable (arrest is allowed without
warrant) and non-bailable. The Bill states that such offences will be non-
cognizable and non-bailable.
11) Child Welfare Committees (CWCs): The Act provides that states must
constitute one or more CWCs for each district for dealing with children in
need of care and protection.  It provides certain criteria for the appointment
of members to CWC.  For instance, a member should be: (i) involved in
health, education, or welfare of children for at least seven years, or (ii) a
practising professional with a degree in child psychology, psychiatry, law, or
social work.  The Bill adds certain criteria for a person to be ineligible to be a
member of the CWC.  These include: (i) having any record of violation of
human rights or child rights, or (ii) being a part of the management of a child
care institution in a district.
12) Child Welfare Committees (CWCs): The Act states that one or more
CWCs should be established by the State Government for each district to
deal with children who need care and protection. It also puts forward the
following criteria for appointing CWC members:
i) A member should be involved in health, education, or welfare of children
for at least 7 years, or
ii) A member should be practising professional with a degree in child
psychology, psychiatry, law, or social work.

The Bill adds the following additional criteria for a person to become eligible
for being a CWC member:
i) A member should not have any record of violation of human rights or
child rights, or
ii) A member should be a part of the management of a child care institution
in a district.

1.2.3.3. Juvenile Justice Board

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973 (2 of 1974), the State Government shall, constitute for every
district, one or more Juvenile Justice Boards for exercising the powers
and discharging its functions to children in conflict with law under this
Act.
(2) A Board shall consist of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial
Magistrate of First Class not being Chief Metropolitan Magistrate or
Chief Judicial Magistrate (hereinafter referred to as Principal Magistrate)
with at least three years’ experience and two social workers selected in
such manner as may be prescribed, of whom at least one shall be a
woman, forming a Bench and every such Bench shall have the powers
conferred by the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974) on a
Metropolitan Magistrate or, as the case may be, a Judicial Magistrate of
First Class.
(3) Notwithstanding anything mentioned in the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973 (2 of 1974), the State Government should constitute one or more
Juvenile Justice Boards in every district to exercise the powers and
rendering its functions to children in conflict with law under this Act.
(4) Juvenile Justice Board should consist of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a
Judicial Magistrate of First Class, not being Chief Metropolitan
 Magistrate or Chief Judicial Magistrate (having minimum of 3 years’
experience) and 2 social workers, of whom one should be a woman,
forming a Bench with powers conferred by the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974) on a Metropolitan Magistrate, or as the case
may be, a Judicial Magistrate of First Class.

1.2.3.4. Rehabilitation of Delinquent and Destitute Children

39) Process of Rehabilitation and Social Re-Integration
(1) The process of rehabilitation and social integration of children under this
Act shall be undertaken, based on the individual care plan of the child,
preferably through family based care such as by restoration to family or
guardian with or without supervision or sponsorship, or adoption or
foster care:

Provided that all efforts shall be made to keep siblings placed in

institutional or non-institutional care, together, unless it is in their best
interest not to be kept together.
(2) For children in conflict with law the process of rehabilitation and social
integration shall be undertaken in the observation homes, if the child is
not released on bail or in special homes or place of safety or fit facility or
with a fit person, if placed there by the order of the Board.
(3) The children in need of care and protection who are not placed in
families for any reason may be placed in an institution registered for such
children under this Act or with a fit person or a fit facility, on a
temporary or long-term basis, and the process of rehabilitation and social
integration shall be undertaken wherever the child is so placed.
(4) The Children in need of care and protection who are leaving institutional
care or children in conflict with law leaving special homes or place of
safety on attaining eighteen years of age, may be provided financial
support as specified in Section 46, to help them to re-integrate into the
mainstream of the society.
(5) Based on the individualised care plan of the child, the rehabilitation and
social integration process of children under this Act should be commenced
through family-based care (by restoration to family or guardian with or
without supervision or sponsorship) or adoption or foster care. This can be
done only if all the efforts are made to keep the siblings in institutional or
non-institutional care together, unless it is advised not to keep them together.
(6) Rehabilitation and social integration process for children in conflict with law
should be commenced in observation homes (if the child is not released on
bail) or in special homes or place of safety or fit facility or with a fit person
(if placed there as ordered by the Board).
(7) A child, who is in need of care and protection and is not placed in families
for any reason, may be placed in an institution registered for such children
under this Act or with a fit person or a fit facility, for a temporary or long-
term basis, and rehabilitation and social integration the process should be
undertaken wherever the child is placed.
(8) A child, who is in need of care and protection and is leaving institutional care
or a child in conflict with law leaving special homes or place of safety on
being 18 years old, may be given financial to help them to re-integrate into
the mainstream of the society.

40) Restoration of Child in Need of Care and Protection

(1) The restoration and protection of a child shall be the prime objective of
any Children’s Home, Specialised Adoption Agency or open shelter.
(2) The Children’s Home, Specialised Adoption Agency or an open shelter,
as the case may be, shall take such steps as are considered necessary for
the restoration and protection of a child deprived of his family
environment temporarily or permanently where such child is under their
care and protection.
(3) The Committee shall have the powers to restore any child in need of care
and protection to his parents, guardian or fit person, as the case may be,
after determining the suitability of the parents or guardian or fit person to
take care of the child, and give them suitable directions.
(4) A child’s restoration and protection should be the prime objective of any
Children’s Home, Specialised Adoption Agency, or Open Shelter.
(5) The Children’s Home, Specialised Adoption Agency, or an Open Shelter
should take steps that are necessary for the restoration and protection of a
child who is temporarily or permanently deprived of family environment.
(6) The Committee should have the powers to restore any child who is in need of
care and protection to his/her parents, guardian or fit person, after
determining the suitability of the parents or guardian or fit person to take care
of the child, and give them suitable directions.

Explanation: For the purposes of this section, “restoration and

protection of a child” means restoration to:
a) Parents;
b) Adoptive parents;
c) Foster parents;
d) Guardian; or
e) Fit person.
Restoration and protection of a child means restoration to parents,
adoptive parents, foster parents, guardian, or fit person.

41) Registration of Child Care Institutions

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being
in force, all institutions, whether run by a State Government or by
voluntary or non-governmental organisations, which are meant, either
wholly or partially, for housing children in need of care and protection or
children in conflict with law, shall, be registered under this Act in such
manner as may be prescribed, within a period of six months from the
date of commencement of this Act, regardless of whether they are
 receiving grants from the Central Government or, as the case may be, the
State Government or not:

Provided that the institutions having valid registration under the Juvenile
Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 (56 of 2000) on the
date of commencement of this Act shall be deemed to have been
registered under this Act.

(2) At the time of registration under this section, the State Government shall
determine and record the capacity and purpose of the institution and shall
register the institution as a Children’s Home or open shelter or
Specialised Adoption Agency or observation home or special home or
place of safety, as the case may be.
(3) On receipt of application for registration under sub-section (1), from an
existing or new institution housing children in need of care and
protection or children in conflict with law, the State Government may
grant provisional registration, within one month from the date of receipt
of application, for a maximum period of six months, in order to bring
such institution under the purview of this Act, and shall determine the
capacity of the Home which shall be mentioned in the registration
certificate:

Provided that if the said institution does not fulfil the prescribed criteria
for registration, within the period specified in sub-section (1), the
provisional registration shall stand cancelled and the provisions of sub-
section (5) shall apply.

(4) If the State Government does not issue a provisional registration

certificate within one month from the date of application, the proof of
receipt of application for registration shall be treated as provisional
registration to run an institution for a maximum period of six months.
(5) If the application for registration is not disposed of within six months by
any officer or officers of any State Government, it shall be regarded as
dereliction of duty on their part by their higher controlling authority and
appropriate departmental proceedings shall be initiated.
(6) The period of registration of an institution shall be five years, and it shall
be subject to renewal in every five years.
(7) The State Government may, after following the procedure as may be
prescribed, cancel or withhold registration, as the case may be, of such
institutions which fail to provide rehabilitation and reintegration services
as specified in Section 53 and till such time that the registration of an
institution is renewed or granted, the State Government shall manage the
institution.
(8) Any child care institution registered under this section shall be duty
bound to admit children, subject to the capacity of the institution, as
directed by the Committee, whether they are receiving grants from the
Central Government or, as the case may be, the State Government or not.
 (9) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being
in force, the inspection committee appointed under section 54, shall have
the powers to inspect any institution housing children, even if not
registered under this Act to determine whether such institution is housing
children in need of care and protection.
(10) Notwithstanding anything mentioned in any other law in force, all
institutions (whether run by a State Government or by voluntary or non-
governmental organisations) wholly or partially intended for accommodation
of children who are in need of care and protection or of children in conflict
with law, should be registered under this Act within 6 months from the date
of commencement of this Act, irrespective of whether or not they are
receiving grants from the Central Government or the State Government. This
is possible if the institutions having valid registration under the Juvenile
Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 on the date of
commencement of this Act should be deemed to have been registered under
this Act.
(11) At the time of registration, the State Government should record the
capacity and purpose of the institution and should register the institution as a
Children’s Home or Open Shelter or Specialised Adoption Agency or
Observation Home or Special Home or Place of Safety.
(12) On receiving the application for registration from an existing or new
institution, accommodating children who are in need of care and protection
or children in conflict with law, the State Government may grant provisional
registration within a month from the date of receiving the application for 6
months to bring such an institution under this Act; and also the State
Government should determine the capacity of the Home which should be
mentioned in the registration certificate. This is possible if the institution
does not fulfil the prescribed criteria for registration within the specified
period, the provisional registration should be cancelled.
(13) If a provisional registration certificate is not issued by the State
Government within a month from the date of application, the proof of
receiving the application for registration should be treated as provisional
registration to run an institution for 6 months.
(14) If a State Government officer does not dispose the application for
registration within 6 months, the higher controlling authority should consider
it as negligence of duty and take appropriate departmental proceedings.
(15) The registration period of an institution should be 5 years, and should be
renewed after every 5 years.
(16) The State Government may cancel or withhold the registration of
institutions that does not provide rehabilitation and reintegration services;
and the State Government should manage the institutional functions till the
registration is renewed or granted.
(17) Any registered child care institution should be duty bound to admit
children, subject to the capacity of the institution, as directed by the
Committee, whether or not they are receiving grants from the Central
Government or the State Government.
(18) Notwithstanding anything mentioned in any other law in force, the
inspection committee should have the powers to inspect any institution
accommodating children to determine whether or not such institution is
housing children who are in need of care and protection.
42) Penalty for Non-Registration of Child Care Institutions
Any person, or persons, in-charge of an institution housing children in need
of care and protection and children in conflict with law, who fails to comply
with the provisions of sub-section (1) of Section 41, shall be punished with
imprisonment which may extend to one year or a fine of not less than one lac
rupees or both:

Provided that every thirty days delay in applying for registration shall be
considered as a separate offence.
A person who is in-charge of an institution, accommodating children who are
in need of care and protection and children in conflict with law, and who
does not comply with the provisions of sub-section (1) of Section 41, should
be punished with imprisonment up to 1 year or a fine of not less than 1 lac
rupees or both.

43) Open Shelter

(1) The State Government may establish and maintain, by itself or through
voluntary or non-governmental organisations, as many open shelters as
may be required, and such open shelters shall be registered as such, in
the manner as may be prescribed.
(2) The open shelters referred to in sub-section (1) shall function as a
community based facility for children in need of residential support, on
short-term basis, with the objective of protecting them from abuse or
weaning them, or keeping them, away from a life on the streets.
(3) The open shelters shall send every month information, in the manner as
may be prescribed, regarding children availing the services of the shelter,
to the District Child Protection Unit and the Committee.
(4) The State Government may establish and maintain open shelters (on their
own or through voluntary or non-governmental organisations) that should be
registered as prescribed.
(5) These open shelters should function on short time period as a community-
based facility for children who need residential support, with the aim to
protect them from abuse, or to wean them, or to keep them away from a life
on the streets.
(6) These open shelters should send monthly information to the District Child
Protection Unit and the Committee about the children who are receiving the
services of the shelter.

44) Foster Care

(1) The children in need of care and protection may be placed in foster care,
including group foster care for their care and protection through orders of
the Committee, after following the procedure as may be prescribed in
this regard, in a family which does not include the child’s biological or
 adoptive parents or in an unrelated family recognised as suitable for the
purpose by the State Government, for a short or extended period of time.
(2) The selection of the foster family shall be based on family’s ability,
intent, capacity and prior experience of taking care of children.
(3) All efforts shall be made to keep siblings together in foster families,
unless it is in their best interest not to be kept together.
(4) The State Government, after taking into account the number of children,
shall provide monthly funding for such foster care through District Child
Protection Unit after following the procedure, as may be prescribed, for
inspection to ensure well being of the children.
(5) In cases where children have been placed in foster care for the reason
that their parents have been found to be unfit or incapacitated by the
Committee, the child’s parents may visit the child in the foster family at
regular intervals, unless the Committee feels that such visits are not in
the best interest of the child, for reasons to be recorded therefor; and
eventually, the child may return to the parent’s homes once the parents
are determined by the Committee to be fit to take care of the child.
(6) The foster family shall be responsible for providing education, health and
nutrition to the child and shall ensure the overall well-being of the child
in such manner, as may be prescribed.
(7) The State Government may make rules for the purpose of defining the
procedure, criteria and the manner in which foster care services shall be
provided for children.
(8) The inspection of foster families shall be conducted every month by the
Committee in the form as may be prescribed to check the well-being of
the child and whenever a foster family is found lacking in taking care of
the child, the child shall be removed from that foster family and shifted
to another foster family as the Committee may deem fit.
(9) No child regarded as adoptable by the Committee shall be given for long-
term foster care.
(10) The children who need care and protection may be placed in foster care,
including group foster care as ordered by the Committee, after following the
prescribed procedure, in a family that does not include the child’s biological
or adoptive parents or in an unrelated family recognised as suitable for the
purpose by the State Government, for a short or extended time period.
(11) The selection of foster family relies on the family’s ability, intent,
capacity, and earlier experience of taking care of children.
(12) All efforts should be made to keep siblings together in foster families,
unless they are ordered not to be kept together.
(13) The State Government should consider the number of children to provide
monthly funding for foster care through District Child Protection Unit after
following the prescribed procedure to ensure well-being of the children.
(14) If children have been kept in foster care because their parents were unfit
or disabled, the parents should be allowed to visit the child in the foster care
at regular intervals; and sooner or later, the child may return to their parents
when the Committee determines them to be fit to take care of their child.
(15) The foster family should provide education, health and nutrition to the
child and should ensure the overall well-being of the child.
(16) The State Government may make rules to define the procedure, criteria
and the manner in which foster care services should be provided to the
children.
(17) The Committee should monthly inspect the foster families in a prescribed
manner to ensure the well-being of children. The inspection may also be
done when a foster family is found to be not taking care of the child. In such
a case, the child should be removed from the foster family and shifted to
another foster family.
(18) No child regarded as adoptable by the Committee should be given for
long-term foster care.

46) After Care of Children Leaving Child Care Institution: Any child leaving
a child care institution on completion of eighteen years of age may be
provided with financial support in order to facilitate child’s re-integration
into the mainstream of the society in the manner as may be prescribed.
47) A child who is leaving a child care institution after completing 18 years of
age should be provided with financial support to facilitate his/her re-
integration into the mainstream of the society in the prescribed manner.

48) Observation Homes

(1) The State Government shall establish and maintain in every district or a
group of districts, either by itself, or through voluntary or non-
governmental organisations, observation homes, which shall be
registered under section 41 of this Act, for temporary reception, care and
rehabilitation of any child alleged to be in conflict with law, during the
pendency of any inquiry under this Act.
(2) Where the State Government is of the opinion that any registered
institution other than a home established or maintained under sub-section
(1), is fit for the temporary reception of such child alleged to be in
conflict with law during the pendency of any inquiry under this Act, it
may register such institution as an observation home for the purposes of
this Act.
(3) The State Government may, by rules made under this Act, provide for
the management and monitoring of observation homes, including the
standards and various types of services to be provided by them for
rehabilitation and social integration of a child alleged to be in conflict
with law and the circumstances under which, and the manner in which,
the registration of an observation home may be granted or withdrawn.
(4) Every child alleged to be in conflict with law who is not placed under the
charge of parent or guardian and is sent to an observation home shall be
segregated according to the child’s age and gender, after giving due
consideration to physical and mental status of the child and degree of the
offence committed.
(5) The State Government should establish and maintain observation homes in
every district (either by itself or through voluntary or non-governmental
 organisations). These observation homes should be registered under section
41 of this Act, for temporary reception, care and rehabilitation of any child
who is in conflict with law, during the pendency of any inquiry under this
Act.
(6) If the State Government is of the opinion that any registered institution [other
than a home established or maintained under sub-section (1)] is fit for the
temporary reception of such child alleged to be in conflict with law during
the pendency of any inquiry under this Act, it may register such institution as
an observation home.
(7) The State Government may provide for the management and monitoring of
observation homes, including the standards and various services to be
provided by them for rehabilitation and social integration of a child in
conflict with law and the circumstances under which and the manner in
which the registration of an observation home may be granted or withdrawn.
(8) Every child who is in conflict with law and is not placed under the charge of
parent or guardian and is sent to an observation home should be separated as
per his/her age and gender, after considering the child’s physical and mental
status and degree of the committed offence.

49) Special Homes

(1) The State Government may establish and maintain either by itself or
through voluntary or non-governmental organisations, special homes,
which shall be registered as such, in the manner as may be prescribed, in
every district or a group of districts, as may be required for rehabilitation
of those children in conflict with law who are found to have committed
an offence and who are placed there by an order of the Juvenile Justice
Board made under section 18.
(2) The State Government may, by rules, provide for the management and
monitoring of special homes, including the standards and various types
of services to be provided by them which are necessary for social re-
integration of a child, and the circumstances under which, and the
manner in which, the registration of a special home may be granted or
withdrawn.
(3) The rules made under sub-section (2) may also provide for the
segregation and separation of children found to be in conflict with law on
the basis of age, gender, the nature of offence committed by them and the
child’s mental and physical status.
(4) The State Government should establish and maintain special homes in every
district (by itself or through voluntary or non-governmental organisations) in
the prescribed manner. These special homes should be registered for
rehabilitation of children who are in conflict with law and have committed an
offence and are placed there by an order of the Juvenile Justice Board made
under section 18.
(5) The State Government may provide for the management and monitoring of
homes, including the standards and various services to be provided by them
for social integration of a child in conflict with law and the circumstances
 under which and the manner in which the registration of an observation home
may be granted or withdrawn.
(6) Every child who is in conflict with law should be separated as per his/her
age, gender, physical and mental status, and degree of the committed offence.

50) Place of Safety

(1) The State Government shall set-up atleast one place of safety in a State
registered under section 41, so as to place a person above the age of
eighteen years or child in conflict with law, who is between the age of
sixteen to eighteen years and is accused of or convicted for committing a
heinous offence.
(2) Every place of safety shall have separate arrangement and facilities for
stay of such children or persons during the process of inquiry and
children or persons convicted of committing an offence.
(3) The State Government may, by rules, prescribe the types of places that
can be designated as place of safety under sub-section (1) and the
facilities and services that may be provided therein.
(4) The State Government should establish a place of safety to place a more than
18 years old person or a 16-18 years old child in conflict with law and is
accused of or convicted for committing a terrible offence.
(5) Every place of safety should have separate stay facilities for children or
persons during the process of inquiry and children or persons convicted of
committing an offence.
(6) The State Government may prescribe the types of places that can be
designated as place of safety under sub-section (1) and the facilities and
services that may be provided.

51) Fit Facility

(1) The Board or the Committee shall recognise a facility being run by a
Governmental organisation or a voluntary or non-governmental
organisation registered under any law for the time being in force to be fit
to temporarily take the responsibility of a child for a specific purpose
after due inquiry regarding the suitability of the facility and the
organisation to take care of the child in such manner as may be
prescribed.
(2) The Board or the Committee may withdraw the recognition under sub-
section (1) for reasons to be recorded in writing.
(3) The Board or the Committee should recognise a facility under a
Governmental organisation or a voluntary or non-governmental organisation
registered under any law in force to take the responsibility of a child (for the
time being) for a specific purpose after due inquiry regarding the suitability
of the facility and the organisation to take care of the child in prescribed
manner.
(4) The Board or the Committee may withdraw the recognition under sub-
section (1) for reasons that should be recorded in writing.

52) Fit Person

 (1) The Board or the Committee shall, after due verification of credentials,
recognise any person fit to temporarily receive a child for care,
protection and treatment of such child for a specified period and in the
manner as may be prescribed.
(2) The Board or Committee, as the case may be, may withdraw the
recognition granted under sub section (1) for reasons to be recorded in
writing.
(3) The Board or the Committee should verify the credentials and then identify
any person fit to temporarily receive a child for care, protection and
treatment for a specified time period in the prescribed manner.
(4) The Board or the Committee may withdraw the recognition granted under
sub section (1) for reasons that should be recorded in writing.

53) Rehabilitation and Re-Integration Services in Institutions Registered

under this Act and Management Thereof
(1) The services that shall be provided, by the institutions registered under
this Act in the process of rehabilitation and re-integration of children,
shall be in such manner as may be prescribed, which may include:
(i) Basic requirements such as food, shelter, clothing and medical
attention as per the prescribed standards;
(ii) Equipment such as wheel-chairs, prosthetic devices, hearing aids,
braille kits, or any other suitable aids and appliances as required, for
children with special needs;
(iii) Appropriate education, including supplementary education, special
education, and appropriate education for children with special needs:

Provided that for children between the age of six to fourteen years,
the provisions of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory
Education Act, 2009 (35 of 2009) shall apply;

(iv) Skill development;

(v) Occupational therapy and life skill education;
(vi) Mental health interventions, including counselling specific to the
need of the child;
(vii) Recreational activities including sports and cultural activities;
(viii)Legal aid where required;
(ix) Referral services for education, vocational training, de-addiction,
treatment of diseases where required;
(x) Case management including preparation and follow up of individual
care plan;
(xi) Birth registration;
(xii) Assistance for obtaining the proof of identity, where required; and
(xiii)Any other service that may reasonably be provided in order to
ensure the well-being of the child, either directly by the State
Government, registered or fit individuals or institutions or through
referral services.
 (2) Every institution shall have a Management Committee, to be set-up in a
manner as may be prescribed, to manage the institution and monitor the
progress of every child.
(3) The officer in-charge of every institution, housing children above six
years of age, shall facilitate setting up of children’s committees for
participating in such activities as may be prescribed, for the safety and
well-being of children in the institution.
(4) The services that should be provided by the institutions registered under this
Act in the rehabilitation and re-integration process of children may include:
(xiv) Basic requirements, like food, shelter, clothing and medical
attention.
(xv) Equipment, like wheelchairs, prosthetic devices, hearing aids, braille
kits, or any other suitable aids and appliances for children with special
needs.
(xvi) Appropriate education, including supplementary education, special
education, and education for children with special needs.
(xvii) Skill development.
(xviii) Occupational therapy and life skill education.
(xix) Mental health interventions, including counselling specific to the
need of child.
(xx) Recreational activities including sports and cultural activities.
(xxi) Legal aid.
(xxii) Referral services for education, vocational training, de-addiction,
treatment of diseases.
(xxiii) Case management, including preparation and follow-up of individual
care plan.
(xxiv) Birth registration.
(xxv) Assistance for obtaining the identity proof.
(xxvi) Any other services that may be provided to ensure the child’s well-
being, either directly by the State Government, registered or suitable
individuals or institutions or through referral services.
(5) Every institution should have a Management Committee (established in a
prescribed manner) to manage the institution and monitor the progress of
children.
(6) The officer in-charge of every institution, accommodating children above 6
years of age, should facilitate establishment of children’s committees for
participating in prescribed activities, for the safety and well-being of children
in the institution.

1.2.3.5. Adoption Laws and Services

56) Adoption: Adoption shall be resorted to for ensuring right to family for the
orphan, abandoned and surrendered children, as per the provisions of this
Act, the rules made thereunder and the adoption regulations framed by the
Authority.
57) Adoption: Adoption should be resorted to ensure right to family for orphan,
abandoned and surrendered children, as per the provisions of this Act, its
rules, and the adoption regulations stated by the Authority.
58) Eligibility of Prospective Adoptive Parents
(1) The prospective adoptive parents shall be physically fit, financially
sound, mentally alert and highly motivated to adopt a child for
providing a good upbringing to him.
(2) In case of a couple, the consent of both the spouses for the adoption
shall be required.
(3) A single or divorced person can also adopt, subject to fulfilment of the
criteria and in accordance with the provisions of adoption regulations
framed by the Authority.
(4) A single male is not eligible to adopt a girl child.
(5) Any other criteria that may be specified in the adoption regulations
framed by the Authority.
(6) The prospective adoptive parents should be physically healthy, financially
able, mentally alert, and highly motivated to adopt a child and provide
him/her a good upbringing.
(7) In case of a couple, the consent of both the spouses for the adoption is
needed.
(8) A single or divorced person can also adopt a child, subject to fulfilment of
the criteria and conforming to the provisions of adoption regulations stated
by the Authority.
(9) A single male is not eligible to adopt a girl child.
(10) Any other criteria that may be specified in the adoption regulations
stated by the Authority.

59) Procedure for Adoption by Indian Prospective Adoptive Parents Living

in India
(1) Indian prospective adoptive parents living in India, irrespective of their
religion, if interested to adopt an orphan or abandoned or surrendered
child, may apply for the same to a Specialised Adoption Agency, in the
manner as provided in the adoption regulations framed by the Authority.
(2) The Specialised Adoption Agency shall prepare the home study report of
the prospective adoptive parents and upon finding them eligible, will
refer a child declared legally free for adoption to them along with the
child study report and medical report of the child, in the manner as
provided in the adoption regulations framed by the Authority.
(3) On the receipt of the acceptance of the child from the prospective
adoptive parents along with the child study report and medical report of
the child signed by such parents, the Specialised Adoption Agency shall
give the child in pre-adoption foster care and file an application in the
court for obtaining the adoption order, in the manner as provided in the
adoption regulations framed by the Authority.
(4) On the receipt of a certified copy of the court order, the Specialised
Adoption Agency shall send immediately the same to the prospective
adoptive parents.
 (5) The progress and wellbeing of the child in the adoptive family shall be
followed up and ascertained in the manner as provided in the adoption
regulations framed by the Authority.
(6) Indian prospective adoptive parents living in India (irrespective of their
religion) who want to adopt an orphan or abandoned or surrendered child,
should apply to a Specialised Adoption Agency, in the manner prescribed in
the adoption regulations stated by the Authority.
(7) The Specialised Adoption Agency should prepare the home study report of
the prospective adoptive parents if found eligible, should refer a child
declared legally free for adoption to them along with the child study report
and medical report of the child, in the manner prescribed in the adoption
regulations stated by the Authority.
(8) On receiving the acceptance of the child from the prospective adoptive
parents, along with the child study report and medical report signed by such
parents, the Specialised Adoption Agency should give the child in pre-
adoption foster care and file an application in the court to obtain the adoption
order, in the manner prescribed in the adoption regulations stated by the
Authority.
(9) On receiving a certified copy of the court order, the Specialised Adoption
Agency should immediately send the same to the prospective adoptive
parents.
(10) The progress and well-being of the child in the adoptive family should be
followed up and determined in the manner prescribed in the adoption
regulations framed by the Authority.

61) Court Procedure and Penalty against Payment in Consideration of

Adoption
(1) Before issuing an adoption order, the court shall satisfy itself that:
(a) The adoption is for the welfare of the child;
(b) Due consideration is given to the wishes of the child having regard to
the age and understanding of the child; and
(c) That neither the prospective adoptive parents has given or agreed to
given nor the specialised adoption agency or the parent or guardian
of the child in case of relative adoption has received or agreed to
receive any payment or reward in consideration of the adoption,
except as permitted under the adoption regulations framed by the
Authority towards the adoption fees or service charge or child care
corpus.
(2) The adoption proceedings shall be held in camera and the case shall be
disposed of by the court within a period of two months from the date of
filing.
(3) Before an adoption order is issued, the court should satisfy itself that:
(d) The adoption is for the child’s welfare.
(e) Due consideration is given to the child’s wishes having regard to his/her
age and understanding.
(f) Neither the prospective adoptive parents has given or agreed to given nor
the specialised adoption agency or the parent or guardian of the child in
 case of relative adoption has received or agreed to receive any payment
or reward for the adoption, except as permitted under the adoption
regulations stated by the Authority towards the adoption fees or service
charge.
(4) The adoption proceedings should be recorded in camera and the case should
be disposed of by the court within 2 months from the date of filing an
application.

62) Additional Procedural Requirements and Documentation

(1) The documentation and other procedural requirements, not expressly
provided in this Act with regard to the adoption of an orphan, abandoned
and surrendered child by Indian prospective adoptive parents living in
India, or by non-resident Indian or overseas citizen of India or person of
Indian origin or foreigner prospective adoptive parents, shall be as per
the adoption regulations framed by the Authority.
(2) The specialised adoption agency shall ensure that the adoption case of
prospective adoptive parents is disposed of within four months from the
date of receipt of application and the authorised foreign adoption agency,
Authority and State Agency shall track the progress of the adoption case
and intervene wherever necessary, so as to ensure that the time line is
adhered to.
(3) The documentation and other procedural requirements, not provided in this
Act with regard to the adoption of an orphan, abandoned and surrendered
child by Indian prospective adoptive parents living in India, or by non-
resident Indian or overseas citizen of India or person of Indian origin or
foreigner prospective adoptive parents, should be as per the adoption
regulations stated by the Authority.
(4) The specialised adoption agency should make sure that the adoption case of
prospective adoptive parents is disposed of within 4 months from the date of
receiving the application; and the authorised foreign adoption agency,
Authority and State Agency should track the progress of the adoption case
and interfere (as required) to ensure that the time line is followed.

63) Effect of Adoption: A child in respect of whom an adoption order is issued

by the court, shall become the child of the adoptive parents, and the adoptive
parents shall become the parents of the child as if the child had been born to
the adoptive parents, for all purposes, including intestacy, with effect from
the date on which the adoption order takes effect, and on and from such date
all the ties of the child in the family of his or her birth shall stand severed and
replaced by those created by the adoption order in the adoptive family:

Provided that any property which has vested in the adopted child
immediately before the date on which the adoption order takes effect shall
continue to vest in the adopted child subject to the obligations, if any,
attached to the ownership of such property including the obligations, if any,
to maintain the relatives in the biological family.
Effect of Adoption: A child for whom an adoption order has been issued by the
court should become the child of the adoptive parents. Also, the adoptive parents
should become the parents of the child as if the child had been born to them,
from the date on which the adoption order takes place, and on and from such date
all the ties of the child in the family of his/her birth should stand detached and
replaced by those created by the adoption order in the adoptive family. This is
possible when any property which has conferred in the adopted child
immediately before the date on which the adoption order takes place should
continue to confer in the adopted child subject to the obligations, attached to the
ownership of such property including the obligations to maintain the relatives in
the biological family.

64) Reporting of Adoption: Notwithstanding anything contained in any other

law for the time being in force, information regarding all adoption orders
issued by the concerned courts, shall be forwarded to Authority on monthly
basis in the manner as provided in the adoption regulations framed by the
Authority, so as to enable Authority to maintain the data on adoption.
65) Reporting of Adoption: Notwithstanding anything mentioned in any other
law in force, information regarding the adoption orders issued by the
concerned courts should be send to Authority every month in the manner
prescribed in the adoption regulations stated by the Authority, to allow the
Authority to maintain the adoption data.

66) Specialised Adoption Agencies

(1) The State Government shall recognise one or more institutions or
organisations in each district as a Specialised Adoption Agency, in such
manner as may be provided in the adoption regulations framed by the
Authority, for the rehabilitation of orphan, abandoned or surrendered
children, through adoption and non-institutional care.
(2) The State Agency shall furnish the name, address and contact details of
the Specialised Adoption Agencies along with copies of certificate or
letter of recognition or renewal to Authority, as soon as the recognition
or renewal is granted to such agencies.
(3) The State Government shall get every Specialised Adoption Agency
inspected at least once in a year and take necessary remedial measures, if
required.
(4) In case any Specialised Adoption Agency is in default in taking
necessary steps on its part as provided in this Act or in the adoption
regulations framed by the Authority, for getting an orphan or abandoned
or surrendered child legally free for adoption from the Committee or in
completing the home study report of the prospective adoptive parents or
in obtaining adoption order from the court within the stipulated time,
such Specialised Adoption Agency shall be punishable with a fine which
may extend up to fifty thousand rupees and in case of repeated default,
the recognition of the Specialised Adoption Agency shall be withdrawn
by the State Government.
(5) The State Government should recognise a few institutions or organisations in
every district as a Specialised Adoption Agency, in the manner prescribed in
the adoption regulations stated by the Authority, for the rehabilitation of
orphan, abandoned or surrendered children, through adoption and non-
institutional care.
(6) The State Agency should furnish the name, address and contact details of the
Specialised Adoption Agencies, along with the copies of recognition
certificate or letter or renewal to Authority, when the recognition or renewal
is granted to such agencies.
(7) The State Government should conduct inspection of every Specialised
Adoption Agency yearly and take necessary remedial measures.
(8) If a Specialised Adoption Agency fails to take necessary steps as provided in
this Act or in the adoption regulations stated by the Authority, for getting an
orphan or abandoned or surrendered child legally free for adoption from the
Committee or in completing the home study report of the prospective
adoptive parents or in obtaining adoption order from the court within the
specified time, that Specialised Adoption Agency should be punished with a
fine up to 50,000 rupees. If the default is repeated, the recognition of the
Specialised Adoption Agency should be withdrawn by the State Government.

67) Adoption of Children Residing in Institutions not Registered as

Adoption Agencies:
(1) All the institutions registered under this Act, which may not have been
recognised as Specialised Adoption Agencies, shall also ensure that all
orphan or abandoned or surrendered children under their care are
reported, produced and declared legally free for adoption, by the
Committee as per the provisions of Section 38.
(2) All institutions referred to in sub-section (1) shall develop formal
linkages with nearby Specialised Adoption Agency and shall furnish
details of the children declared legally free for adoption to that
Specialised Adoption Agency along with all relevant records in the
manner as may be prescribed, for the placement of such children in
adoption.
(3) If any such institution contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) or
sub-section (2), it shall be liable to fine of fifty thousand rupees for each
instance to be imposed by the registering authority and it may also attract
de-recognition in the event of persistent flouting of such provisions.
(4) All the institutions registered under this Act, which may not have been
recognised as Specialised Adoption Agencies, should make sure that all
orphan or abandoned or surrendered children under their care are reported,
produced and declared legally free for adoption, by the Committee.
(5) All the institutions registered under this Act should develop formal linkages
with the nearby Specialised Adoption Agency and should provide details of
the children (declared legally free for adoption) to that Specialised Adoption
Agency, along with all relevant records in the prescribed manner, for the
placement of such children in adoption.
(6) If any such institution breaches the provisions of sub-section (1) or (2), it
should be punished with a fine of up to 50,000 rupees for each instance to be
imposed by the registering authority and it may also attract de-recognition in
the event of persistent flouting of such provisions.

1.2.4. Internationally Accepted Rights of the Child

According to international law, a ‘child’ means every human being below the age
of 18 years. This is a universally accepted definition of a child and comes from
the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), an
international legal instrument accepted and ratified by most countries.
According to international law, a child is a human being who is below the age of
18 years. This definition of a child is universally accepted and is given by the
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, an international
legal instrument accepted and approved by most countries).

Children are entitled to the same human rights and fundamental freedoms as all
individuals, but, like other particularly vulnerable groups such as women and
indigenous people, children have been given special status and protection within
the United Nations framework and in regional human rights treaties.
Children have the same human rights and fundamental freedoms as every
individual; but, like other vulnerable groups (women and indigenous people),
children have been given special status and protection within the United Nations
framework and in regional human rights treaties.

Children’s rights were recognised after the 1st World war, with the adoption of
the Declaration of Geneva, in 1924. The process of recognition of children’s
rights continued thanks to the UN, with the adoption of the Declaration of the
Rights of the Child in 1959.
Children’s rights were recognised in 1924, after the 1st World war, with the
adoption of the Declaration of Geneva. The recognition process of children’s
rights continued thanks to the United Nations, with the adoption of
the Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1959.

The recognition of the child’s interest and their rights became a reality on the 20
November 1989 with the adoption of the International Convention on the Rights
of the Child which is the first international legally binding text recognizing all
the fundamental rights of the child.
The recognition of child’s interest and their rights became a reality on the 20 th
November, 1989, when the International Convention on the Rights of the
Child was adopted. It is the first international legally binding text recognising all
the fundamental rights of the child.

Children’s Rights are Human Rights

Children’s rights are human rights. They protect the child as a human being. As
human rights, children’s rights are constituted by fundamental guarantees and
essential human rights:
1) Children’s rights recognize fundamental guarantees to all human beings: the
right to life, the non-discrimination principle, the right to dignity through the
protection of physical and mental integrity (protection against slavery, torture
and bad treatments, etc.)
2) Children’s rights are civil and political rights, such as the right to identity, the
right to a nationality, etc.
3) Children’s rights are economic, social and cultural rights, such as the right to
education, the right to a decent standard of living, the right to health, etc.
4) Children’s rights include individual rights: the right to live with his or her
parents, the right to education, the right to benefit from protection, etc.
5) Children’s rights include collective rights: rights of refugee and disabled
children, of minority children or from autochthonous groups.
Children’s rights protect the child as a human being, and are constituted by
fundamental guarantees and essential human rights:
6) Children’s rights recognise fundamental guarantees to all human beings, i.e.,
the right to life, the non-discrimination principle, the right to dignity through
protection of physical and mental integrity (protection against slavery, torture
and bad treatments, etc.)
7) Children’s rights are civil and political rights, i.e., the right to identity, the
right to a nationality, etc.
8) Children’s rights are economic, social and cultural rights, i.e., the right to
education, the right to a decent standard of living, the right to health, etc.
9) Children’s rights include individual rights, i.e., the right to live with his/her
parents, the right to education, the right to benefit from protection, etc.
10) Children’s rights include collective rights, i.e., rights of refugee and disabled
children, of minority children or from autochthonous groups.

Children’s rights: rights adapted to children

1) Children’s rights are human rights specifically adapted to the child because
they take into account their fragility, specificities and age-appropriate needs.
2) Children’s rights take into account the necessity of development of the child.
The children thus have the right to live and to develop suitably physically
and intellectually.
3) Children’s rights plan to satisfy the essential needs for good development of
the child, such as the access to an appropriate alimentation, to necessary care,
to education, etc.
4) Children’s rights consider the vulnerable character of the child. They imply
the necessity to protect them. It means to grant particular assistance to them
and to provide protection adapted to their age and to their degree of maturity.

So, the children have to be helped and supported and must be protected against
labour exploitation, kidnapping, and ill-treatment, etc.
5) Children’s rights are human rights adapted to children as they consider their
fragility, specificities and age-related needs.
6) Children’s rights consider the necessity of child’s development. Thus,
children have the right to live and develop physically and mentally.
7) Children’s rights satisfy the essential needs for a child’s good development,
such as access to appropriate alimentation, to necessary care, to education,
etc.
8) Children’s rights consider the child’s vulnerable character. They indicate the
necessity to protect them. It means to grant them assistance and provide
protection adapted to their age and degree of maturity.

So, the children should be helped, supported, and protected against labour
exploitation, kidnapping, ill-treatment, etc.

The 10 Basic Rights of a Child

1) Right to develop in an atmosphere of affection and security and protection
against all forms of neglect, and traffic.
2) Right to enjoy the benefits of social security, including nutrition, housing and
medical care.
3) Right to a name and nationality.
4) Right to free education.
5) Right to full opportunity for play and recreation.
6) Right to special treatment, education and appropriate care If handicapped.
7) Right to be among the first to receive protection and relief in times of
disaster.
8) Right to learn to be a useful member of society and to develop in a healthy
and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity.
9) Right to be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance, friendship
among people, peace and universal brotherhood.
10) Right to enjoy these rights, regardless of race, color,sex, religion,nation or
social origin.
11) Right to develop in an affectionate and secure environment and protection
against all forms of neglect and traffic.
12) Right to enjoy the benefits of social security, including nutrition, housing,
and medical care.
13) Right to a name and nationality.
14) Right to free education.
15) Right to full opportunity for play and recreation.
16) Right to special treatment, education and appropriate care of handicapped
children.
17) Right to be among the first to receive protection and relief in times of
disaster.
18) Right to learn to be a useful member of society and to develop in a healthy
and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity.
19) Right to be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance, friendship
among people, peace, and universal brotherhood.
Right to enjoy these rights, regardless of race, colour, sex, religion, nation, or
social origin.
The World Health
Organization denes
adolescents as those
2. people between 10 and
19 years of age.
3. The World Health
Organization denes
adolescents as those
4. people between 10 and
19 years of age.
5. The World Health
Organization denes
adolescents as those
6. people between 10 and
19 years of age.
6.1.1. Adolescent Health
Programme
A health programme for adolescents of
10-19 years age was launched by the
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to
target their nutrition, reproductive health,
substance abuse, and other issues.
Adolescent health gained power as a
priority focus area in the last few years.
Over time, the view point of health has
transformed into a holistic interconnected
agenda under the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) with greater
understanding of social factor of health
and incorporation of the discourse of
well-being.
6.1.2. fd’kksj LokLF;
dk;ZØe
10&19 o"kZ dh vk;q ds fd’kksjksa ds fy,
LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky; }kjk
muds iks"k.k] çtuu LokLF;] eknd æO;ksa
ds lsou rFkk vU; leL;kvksa dks yf{kr
djus ds fy, ,d LokLF; dk;ZØe dh 'kq:vkr
dh xbZ FkhA
fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa fd’kksj LokLF; dks
ÁkFkfedrk okys {ks= ds :i esa 'kfDr ÁkIr
gqbZ gSA le; ds lkFk] LokLF; dk –
f"Vdks.k LokLF; ds lkekftd dkjd dh vf/kd
le> rFkk dY;k.k ds çopu dks 'kkfey djus ds
lkFk lrr~ fodkl y{;ksa ¼,lMhth½ ds
vUrxZr ijLij :i ls tqM+s ,tsaMk esa ifjofrZr
gks x;k gSA

6.1.2.1. Menstrual Hygiene Program

If girls and women are to live healthy and productive lives, with dignity,
menstrual hygiene is a priority. In many areas, there is complete neglect of
menstrual hygiene due to low awareness levels and lack of access to sanitary
products. This programme for promotion of Menstrual Hygiene combines health
education for adolescent girls, providing a regular supply of sanitary napkins and
enabling other sanitation measures such as access to water and toilets in schools
and in the community through convergence with other programmes.
Menstrual hygiene is a priority if girls and women need to live healthy and
productive lives, with dignity. In many areas, menstrual hygiene is neglected due
to low awareness and lack of access to sanitary products. Menstrual Hygiene
Program is for promotion of health education for adolescent girls, provision of a
regular supply of sanitary napkins, and enabling other sanitation measures
(access to water and toilets in schools and in community) through convergence
with other programmes.

May 28 is Menstrual Hygiene Day (MH Day); a day dedicated to bringing

awareness around the vital role that good menstrual hygiene management
(MHM) plays in empowering women and adolescent girls worldwide to become
all that they can be. The vision behind MH Day is a world in which every woman
and girl is able to manage her menstruation in a hygienic way- in safety, privacy,
and with dignity- wherever they are.
Menstrual Hygiene Day (MH Day) is celebrated on 28th May. On this day,
awareness should be created on good Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM)
that empowers women and adolescent girls worldwide to become what they can
be. The vision behind MH Day is a world in which every woman and girl
manages her menstruation in a hygienic way, in safety, privacy, and with dignity.

Objectives
The programme will be focused especially in rural areas with the following
objectives:
1) To increase awareness among adolescent girls on Menstrual Hygiene
2) To build self-esteem, and empower girls for greater socialization
3) To increase access to and use of high quality sanitary napkins to adolescent
girls in rural areas.
4) To ensure safe disposal of Sanitary Napkins in an environmentally friendly
manner.
5) To increase awareness among adolescent girls on menstrual hygiene.
6) To build self-confidence, and empower girls for greater socialisation.
7) To increase access to and use of high quality sanitary napkins to adolescent
girls in rural areas.
8) To ensure safe disposal of sanitary napkins in an environmentally friendly
manner.

Target Group
This programme will be targeted at adolescent girls in the age group of 10-19
years, residing in rural areas, to ensure that they have adequate knowledge and
information about the use of sanitary napkins, that high quality safe products are
made available to them, and that environmentally safe disposal mechanisms are
readily accessible.
Menstrual Hygiene Program focuses on 10-19 years old adolescent girls, who
live in rural areas. This ensures that they have suitable knowledge and
information about how to use sanitary napkins, they have access to high quality
safe products, and they have readily accessible environmentally safe disposal
methods.

Components
The various components of the programme and its operational steps are outlined
below:
1) Community-based health education and outreach in the target population to
promote menstrual health
i) Outreach through ASHA/other community mechanisms
ii) Outreach through schools
2) Ensuring regular availability of sanitary napkins to the adolescents
i) In the community
ii) In the school
3) Sourcing and procurement of sanitary napkins
4) Training of ASHA in menstrual hygiene
5) Behaviour Change Communication
6) Safe disposal of sanitary napkins
7) Monitoring and Supervision
8) Providing community-based health education and outreach in the target
population to promote menstrual health:
iii) Outreach through ASHA and other community mechanisms
iv) Outreach through schools
9) Ensuring regular accessibility of sanitary napkins to adolescent girls in
schools and community.
10) Sourcing and obtaining sanitary napkins.
11) Training ASHA in menstrual hygiene.
12) Behaviour change communication.
13) Safe disposal of sanitary napkins.
14) Monitoring and supervision.

6.1.2.2. WIFS Program

The Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) Programme is
launched by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) to curb the
problem of adolescent anaemia in school going adolescent girls and boys and out
of school adolescent girls. 
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) launched the Weekly
Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) Program to control the problem of
anaemia in school-going adolescent girls and boys and out of school adolescent
girls. 

The weekly iron folic acid supplementation is an evidence based programmatic

response to the prevailing anaemia situation amongst adolescents girls and boys
through supervise ingestion of IFAs and bi-annual deworming. The programme
envisages benefiting all adolescent girls and boys enrol in all government and
government aided schools including students from class 6-12, besides out of
schools girls.
The weekly iron folic acid supplementation is a programmatic response to the
dominant anaemia in adolescent girls and boys through supervised intake of iron
folic acid supplements and twice a year deworming. The programme aims to
benefit all the adolescent girls and boys enrolled in government and government-
aided schools and also out of schools girls.

The success of the programme depends on the adherence of the programme

protocol, appropriate linkages and mechanisms for utmost intersectoral
convergence with the school education department and social welfare department
in the state.
The success of WIFS program depends on the adherence of programme protocol,
appropriate linkages and mechanisms for utmost inter-sectoral convergence with
the school education department and social welfare department in the State.

Objectives
The long term goal of the programme is to break the inter-generational cycle of
anaemia and long term impact on the health of the young people and the short
term benefits is of nutritionally improved human capital.
1) To ensure administration of IFA tablet once per week and Albendazole twice
a year for de-worming.
2) To inform adolescent boys and girls of the correct dietary practices for
increasing iron intake.
3) To disseminate information on preventing worm infestation among
adolescences and encourage adoption of correct hygiene practices, including
use of footwear to prevent worm infestation. Strategy
4) To promote administration of IFA tablet once per week and Albendazole
twice a year for de-worming.
5) To break the inter-generational cycle of anaemia and long-term impact on the
health of youngsters.
6) To inform adolescent boys and girls about the correct dietary practices for
increasing iron intake.
7) To provide information on preventing worm infestation in adolescents.
8) To encourage proper hygiene practices, including use of footwear to prevent
worm infestation.

Target Group
Implemented in both rural and urban areas and focus on:
1) School Based (Boys and Girls): School going adolescent girls and boys in
government/gov.aided/municipal schools from 6th to 12th (10-19) Years).
2) Community based through Anganwadi Centre (Girls Only): Adolescent
girls who out of school/Married/pregnant and lactating adolescent girls.
3) School-going Adolescent Boys and Girls: In government or government-
aided or municipal schools from 6th to 12th class.
4) Community-based through Anganwadi Centre: Adolescent girls who are
out of school or married or pregnant or lactating.

Strategy
1) Weekly administration of weekly iron-folic acid supplements (WIFS). (IFA
tablet containing 100mg elemental iron and 500ug Folic acid) for 52 weeks
in a year, on a fixed day preferably Monday.
2) Screening of target groups for moderate/severe anaemia and referring these
cases to an appropriate health facility.
3) Biannual deworming (administration of Albendazole 400mg) for control of
worm infestation. Dissemination of information on nutrition and counseling
for improving dietary intake and for taking actions for prevention of
intestinal worm infestation.
4) Weekly administration of IFA tablet with 100mg elemental iron and 500µg
folic acid for 52 weeks in a year, on a fixed day (if possible Monday).
5) Screening the target groups for moderate/severe anaemia and referring them
to an appropriate healthcare facility.
6) Deworming twice a year by administering 400mg Albendazole to control
worm infestation.
7) Provision of information on nutrition and counselling for improving dietary
intake and for taking actions to prevent intestinal worm infestation.

Benefits
1) WIFS may be a more efficient preventive approach because:
i) Fewer side effects.
 ii) Easier to manage at the community level.
iii) More sustainable.
2) Daily dosing of iron and folic acid reduce the risk for:
i) Neural Tube Defects (NTDs).
ii) Neonatal mortality.
iii) Enhance maternal and infant health.
3) Weekly versus daily supplementation with 60mg of iron had similar impact,
except in severity.
4) WIFS is an efficient preventive approach due to:
iv) Fewer side effects.
v) Easier management at the community level.
vi) More sustainable.
5) Daily dosing of iron and folic acid:
iv) Reduce the risk for Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) and neonatal mortality.
v) Enhance maternal and infant health.
6) Weekly versus daily supplementation with 60mg of iron have similar effect,
except in serious cases.

Dosage of IFA Supplementation

Table: Dosage of IFA Supplementation
Population Group Dose of Iron and FA Weekly versus Daily
All women of 60mg iron; 2800g FA Weekly
reproductive age
Women during pregnancy 60 mg iron; 400 g FA Daily
and 3 months postpartum.
Women were mandatory 60mg iron (only iron Weekly
FA fortification has been supplementation necessary)
introduced and shown to
be effective already.
Antifolate antimalarial 60mg iron (only iron Weekly
treatment users (usually supplementation necessary)
used in malaria endemic
areas).

Population Group Dose of Iron and FA Weekly versus Daily

All women of reproductive age 60mg iron; 2800g FA Weekly
Women during pregnancy and 60 mg iron; 400 g FA Daily
3 months postpartum.
Women with mandatory FA 60mg iron (only iron Weekly
fortification has been supplementation necessary)
introduced and shown to be
effective already.
Anti-folate antimalarial 60mg iron (only iron Weekly
treatment users supplementation necessary)

Guidelines on Consumption of IFA Tablets

1) Take WIFS with the main meal of the day
2) If complain of side effects take after dinner
3) Increase intake of food rich in vitamin C
4) Drinking of tea and coffee within an hour of consuming meal will be
discouraged
5) Motivated to correct hygiene practices
6) WIFS should be taken with the main meal of the day.
7) If side effects appear, it should be taken after dinner.
8) Intake of vitamin C-rich foods should be increased.
9) Tea and coffee should be avoided within an hour of consuming meal.
10) Proper hygiene practices should be followed.

6.1.2.3. Adolescent Safety Programs

Rashtriya Kishore Swasthya
Karyakram (RKSK)
On 7th January 2014, the Government of
India launched Rashtriya Kishore
Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK, nation’s
first comprehensive adolescent health
programme) in New Delhi. According to
RKSK, adolescents are girls and boys of
10-19 years age, in urban and rural areas,
married and unmarried, poor and
wealthy, in school or out of school. This
definition helps to address lots of
problems of adolescents across various
groups and categories.
Objectives
1) To improve nutritional and health
status of girls of 11-18 years age.
2) To provide desired literacy and
innumerate skills via non-formal
flow of education.
3) To encourage desire for more social
exposure and knowledge and also to
help them in improving their
decision-making ability.
4) To guide adolescent girls for
improving or upgrading home-based
vocational skills.
5) To create awareness on health,
hygiene, nutrition, family welfare,
home management, and child care
6) To provide facilitative measures for
their marriage only after reaching the
age of 18 years and even later (if
possible).
7) To acquire a better understanding of
their environment-related social
jk"Vªh; fd’kksj LokLF; dk;ZØe ¼vkj-
ds-,l-ds-½
Hkkjr ljdkj us 7 tuojh 2014 dks] ubZ
fnYyh esa jk"Vªh; fd’kksj LokLF;
dk;ZØe ¼vkj-ds-,l-ds- ns’k dk çFke
O;kid fd’kksj LokLF; dk;ZØe½ dks
çkjEHk fd;kA jk"Vªh; fd’kksj LokLF;
dk;ZØe ds vuqlkj fd’kksj 'kgjh o xzkeh.k
{ks=ksa esa] fookfgr o vfookfgr] xjhc
o /kuh] Ldwy tkus ;k u tkus okys 10&19
o"kZ dh vk;q lewg ds yM+fd;k¡ rFkk
yM+ds gksrs gSA ;g ifjHkk"kk fofHkUu
lewgksa rFkk Jsf.k;ksa esa fd’kksjksa dh
cgqr lkjh leL;kvksa dk lek/kku djus esa
lgk;rk djrh gSA
mn~ns’;
1) 11&18 o"kZ dh yM+fd;ksa ds
iks"k.k o LokLF; fLFkfr esa lq/kkj
djukA
2) f’k{kk ds vukSipkfjd çokg ds ek/;e ls
okafNr lk{kjrk rFkk vla[; dkS’ky
çnku djukA
3) vf/kd lkekftd çn’kZu rFkk Kku dh
bPNk dks çksRlkfgr djuk rFkk mudh
fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk esa lq/kkj djus
esa mudh lgk;rk djukA
4) fd’kksj yM+fd;ksa dks x`g vk/kkfjr
O;kolkf;d dkS’ky esa lq/kkj ;k
mUufr ds fy, ekxZn’kZu çnku djukA
5) LokLF;] LoPNrk] iks"k.k] ifjokj
dY;k.k] x`g çcU/ku o cPpksa dh
ns[kHkky ds ckjs esa tkx:drk mRiUu
djukA
6) 18 o"kZ dh vk;q ds i’pkr rFkk ;gk¡ rd
fd ckn esa ¼;fn lEHko gks rks½
muds fookg gsrq lqfo/kktud mik;
çnku djukA
 issues and effect on their lives.
8) To encourage adolescent girls to start
various activities to be productive and
useful members of the society.
9) To provide IFA supplementation and
de-worming facilities.
10) To provide education for school
dropouts and functional literacy
among illiterate adolescent girls.
Services Provided
1) WIFS
2) Clinics and counselling
3) Peer Educator and Adolescent
Health Day
4) Menstrual Hygiene Scheme
5) Target groups:
i) School-going adolescents in 6th
to 12th class enrolled in
government/government-aided/
municipal schools.
ii) Out of school students.
iii) Urban and rural areas.
Kishori Shakti Yojana
Kishori Shakti Yojana (key component
of ICDS scheme) was launched in 2000
with the aim to empower adolescent
girls. This scheme benefits adolescent
girls who are unmarried, belong to
families below the poverty line, and are
school drop-outs as they are registered
to the local AWCs for 6 months for
learning and training activities.
Scheme-I (Girl-to-Girl Approach)
1) Age group 11-15 years.
2) Belonging to families with income
level <`6400 per annum.
Scheme-II (Balika Mandal)
1) Age group 11-18 years, irrespective
of income levels of the family.
7) i;kZoj.k ls lEcfU/kr lkekftd
leL;kvksa rFkk muds thou ij iM+us
okys çHkko dh csgrj le> çkIr djukA
8) fd'kksj dh yM+fd;ksa dks lekt ds
mRiknd o mi;ksxh lnL; ds :i esa
fofHkUu xfrfof/k;k¡ 'kq: djus ds fy,
çksRlkfgr djukA
9) vkbZ-,Q-,- vuqiwj.k rFkk
Mh&ofeZax lqfo/kk,¡ çnku djukA
10) Ldwy dh i<+kbZ NksM+us okys
cPpksa dh f’k{kk rFkk fuj{kj fd’kksj
yM+fd;ksa dks dk;kZRed lk{kjrk
çnku djukA
çnÙk lsok,¡
1) lkIrkfgd vk;ju o Qksfyd vEy
lEiwj.kA
2) Dyhfud ,oa ijke’kZA
3) lgdehZ f’k{kd rFkk fd’kksj LokLF;
fnolA
4) ekfld /keZ pØ LoPNrk ;kstukA
5) yf{kr lewg&
i) ljdkjh@ljdkjh lgk;rk
çkIr@uxjikfydk fo|ky;ksa esa
ukekafdr 6oha ls 12oha d{kk ds
Ldwy tkus okys fd’kksj yM+ds
o yM+fd;k¡A
ii) Ldwy ls ckgj ds Nk=A
iii) 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k {ks=A
fd’kksjh 'kfDr ;kstuk
fd’kksjh 'kfDr ;kstuk ¼vkbZ-lh-
Mh-,l- ;kstuk dk çeq[k ?kVd½ o"kZ 2000
esa fd’kksjh yM+fd;ksa dks l’kDr cukus
ds mn~ns’; ls çkjEHk dh xbZ
FkhA ;g ;kstuk mu fd’kksjh ;qofr;ksa dks
ykHk nsrh gS tks vfookfgr gSa] xjhch
js[kk ls uhps jgus okys ifjokjksa ls
lEcfU/kr gS rFkk Ldwy NksM+us okyh
gSa D;ksafd mUgsa lh[kus o çf’k{k.k
xfrfof/k;ksa gsrq 6 ekg ds fy, LFkkuh;
vk¡xuokM+h dsUæksa esa iath—r gksuk
iM+rk gSA
;kstuk&I ¼yM+dh ls yM+dh dk –
f"Vdks.k½
1) 11&15 o"kZ vk;q oxZA
2) `6400 :i;s çfr o"kZ ls de vk; Lrj okys
ifjokjksa ls lEcfU/kr gSA
;kstuk&II ¼ckfydk eaMy½
2) Younger girls of age group 11-15
years and belonging to poor families.
Objectives
Same as Rashtriya Kishore Swasthya
Karyakram
1) ifjokj dh vk; ij /;ku fn, fcuk 11 ls 18
o"kZ dk vk;q oxZA
2) 11&15 o"kZ dh vk;q oxZ rFkk xjhc
ifjokj ls lEcfU/kr ;qok yM+fd;k¡A
mn~ns’;
jk"Vªh; fd’kksj LokLF; dk;ZØe ds leku

Balika Samridhi Yojana ckfydk le`f) ;kstuk

In 1997, the Government of India 1997 esa] Hkkjr ljdkj us xzkeh.k rFkk
launched Balika Samridhi Yojana to 'kgjh nksuksa {ks=ksa dks doj djus ds fy,
cover both rural and urban areas. ckfydk le`f) ;kstuk dh 'kq:vkr dhA
Objectives mnns’;
1) To alter the negative point of view of 1) ckfydk rFkk mudh ek¡ ds çfr ifjokj o
family and community towards girl leqnk; ds udkjkRed –f"Vdks.k dks
child and her mother. cnyukA
2) To improve admission and retention 2) Ldwyksa esa yM+fd;ksa ds ços’k rFkk
of girls in schools, to increase their çfr/kkj.k esa lq/kkj djuk] mudh fookg dh
age of marriage and to assist them to vk;q esa o`f) djuk rFkk vk; l`tu lEcU/kh
undertake income generation xfrfof/k;ksa dks çkjEHk djus esa mudh
activities. lgk;rk djukA
Target Group yf{kr lewg
Benefits are given to girls belonging to ;g ykHk xjhch js[kk ls uhps ds ifjokjksa dh
families below the poverty line and born yM+fd;ksa rFkk 15 vxLr] 1997 ;k blds
on or after 15th August, 1997. Two girl i’~pkr tUe ysus okyh yM+fd;ksa dks fn;k
children in a household are benefitted, tkrk gSA ?kj esa cPpksa dh la[;k dks
ignoring the number of children in the utjvankt djrs gq, ,d ?kj esa nks yM+fd;ksa
household. dks ;g ykHk çkIr gks ldrk gSA
Benefits ykHk
A post-birth grant amount of `500/. tUe ds i’~pkr vuqnku jkf’k `500/-
Class Amount of Annual Scholarship ¼okf"kZd Nk=o`fr dh jkf’k½
¼d{kk½
I-III `300/- per annum for each class. ¼çR;sd oxZ ds fy, `300@& çfr
o"kZA½
IV `500/- per annum. ¼500 ` çfr o"kZZA½
V `600/- per annum. ¼600 :i;s çfr o"kZA½
VI-VII `700/- per annum for each class. ¼700 :i;s çfr o"kZ ÁR;sd d{kk ds
fy,A½
VIII `800/- per annum. ¼800 :i;s çfr o"kZA½
IX-X `1000/- per annum for each class. ¼çR;sd d{kk ds fy, : 1000 çfr
o"kZZA½
Procedure for Obtaining the Benefit ykHk çkIr djus dh çfØ;k
1) Rural areas should be facilitated with 1) xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dks vkbZ-lh-Mh-,l-
ICDS infrastructure and urban areas dh ewyHkwr lajpuk rFkk 'kgjh
with Health Department. {ks=ksa dks LokLF; foHkkx ds lkFk
lqfo/kk çnku dh tkuh pkfg,A
2) Application forms are available with
 Anganwadi workers in the villages and 2) xk¡oksa esa vk¡xuckM+h
with health functionaries in urban areas. dk;ZdrkZvksa rFkk 'kgjh {ks=ksa
esa LokLF; dk;ZdrkZvksa ds ikl
vkosnu i= miyC/k gksrs gSA

Nutrition Programme for Adolescent fd’kksj ;qofr;ksa ds fy, iks"k.k dk;ZØe

Girls (NAPG) ¼,u-,-ih-th-½
In 2002-03, Nutrition Programme for 2002&03 esa] fd’kksj ;qofr;ksa ds fy,
Adolescent Girls (NAPG) was started as iks"k.k dk;ZØe ¼,u-,-ih-th-½ dks ,d
a pilot project. It is a centrally-sponsored vxzxkeh ifj;kstuk ds :i esa çkjEHk fd;k x;k
scheme, and 51 districts have been FkkA ;g ,d dsUæ çk;ksftr ;kstuk gS rFkk
identified across the country with this bl ;kstuk ds lkFk ns’k Hkj esa 51 ftyksa dh
scheme. Its aim is to address the problem igpku dh xbZ gSA bldk mn~ns’;
under nutrition among adolescent girls. fd’kksj ;qofr;ksa esa iks"k.k dh deh dh
This scheme was stopped in 2004-05. leL;k dk lek/kku djuk gSA bl ;kstuk dks
Objectives 2004&05 esa can dj fn;k x;k FkkA
1) To improve nutritional status.
mn~ns’;
2) To create gender awareness and 1) iks"k.k dh fLFkfr esa lq/kkj djukA
development of adolescent girls. 2) fd’kksj ;qofr;ksa esa ySafxd tkx:drk
mRiUu djuk rFkk mudk fodkl djukA
Beneficiaries
1) Adolescent girls (11-15 years of age) ykHkkFkhZ
weighing <30kg. 1) fd’kksj ;qofr;k¡ ¼11&15 o"kZ dh
2) Adolescent girls (15-19 years of age) vk;q½ ftudk Hkkj 30 fd-xzk- ls de
weighing <35kg. gSA
2) fd’kksj ;qofr;k¡ ¼15&19 o"kZ dh
vk;q½ ftudk Hkkj 35 fd-xzk- ls de
gSA
Eligibility Criteria: Adolescent girls ik=rk ekunaM&fd'kksj ;qofr;ksa
(11-19 years of age) are registered in an ¼11&19 o"kZ dh vk;q½ dks
AWC, irrespective of the financial status vk¡xuokM+h dsUnz esa iath—r fd;k tkrk
of their family. gS] Hkys gh muds ifjokj dh vkfFkZd
fLFkfr dqN Hkh gksA
Benefits
1) Nutritional and health status of girls ykHk
is improved. 1) yM+fd;ksa ds iks"k.k rFkk LokLF; dh
fLFkfr esa lq/kkj gksrk gSA
2) Guiding the adolescent girls for 2) x`g vk/kkfjr O;kolkf;d dkS'ky esa
improving or upgrading home-based lq/kkj ;k mUufr ds fy,
vocational skills. fd'kksj ;qofr;ksa dk ekxZn'kZu fd;k
3) 6kg of free food grain (rice) is tkrk gSA
provided per month per beneficiary. 3) çR;sd ykHkkFkhZ dks çfr ekg 6 fd-
4) The environment-related social xzk- fu%'kqYd [kk| inkFkZ çnku
issues of adolescent girls and impact fd;k tkrk gSA
on their lives are considered. 4) fd'kksj ;qofr;ksa dh i;kZoj.k laca/kh
lkekftd leL;kvksa rFkk muds thou ij
iM+us okys çHkkoksa ij fopkj fd;k tkrk
gSA
Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics fd'kksj vuqdwy LokLF; Dyhfud
(AFHCs) ¼,,Q,plh½
Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics fd'kksj lsokvksa dks çkIr djus ds ihNs ds
(AFHCs) were established to address the vieku dks nwj djus ds fy, fd'kksj vuwdwy
disgrace behind acquiring adolescent LokLF; Dyhfud ¼,,Q,plh½ dh LFkkiuk
services. dh xbZ gSA
Services Provided
çnÙk lsok,¡
1) Counselling and curative services.
1) ijke'kZ o mipkjkRed lsok,¡A
2) Counselling on: 2) ijke'kZ&
i) Nutrition, i) iks"k.k]
ii) Puberty, ii) ;kSoukjEÒ]
iii) RTI/STI prevention, and iii) vkj-Vh-vkbZ-@,l-Vh-vkbZ-
iv) Contraception and delaying jksdFkke] rFkk
marriage. iv) xHkZfujks/kd rFkk fookg esa
nsjhA
3) Curative services at AFHC for: 3) ,-,Q-,p-lh esa fuEufyf[kr gsrq
i) Treatment of severe mipkjkRed lsok,¡&
malnutrition. i) xaHkhj dqiks"k.k dk mipkjA
ii) Treatment of common RTI/STI ii) lkekU; vkj-Vh-vkbZ-@,l-Vh-
problems. vkbZ- leL;kvksa dk mipkjA
iii) Treatment of menstrual iii) ekfld pØ laca/kh fodkjksa dk
disorders. mipkjA
iv) iq:"kksa o efgykvksa dh ;kSu
iv) Treatment for sexual concerns of
fparkvksa dk mipkjA
males and female.
v) ekufld LokLF; lsok@volkn dk
v) Mental health çcU/kuA
service/management of
depression. 4) xSj&lapkjh jksxksa rFkk vU; lkekU;
chekfj;ksa dk mipkjA
4) Treatment of non-communicable
diseases and other common illnesses. 5) nq?kZVuk o fgalk ls lacaf/kr
pksVksa dk çcU/kuA
5) Management of injuries related to
accidents and violence. 6) inkFkkZsa ds nq:i;ksx dk çcU/kuA
6) Management of substance misuse. 7) xSj&lapkjh jksxksa ¼mPp jDrpki]
nkSjk] ân; jksx rFkk e/kqesg½ dk
7) Treatment of non-communicable mipkjA
diseases (hypertension, stroke,
cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes). 8) çFke xHkkZoLFkk esa nsjhA
8) Delaying first pregnancy. 9) fd'kksj ;qofr;ksa esa xHkZ/kkj.k dks
de djukA
9) Reducing teenage pregnancies.
10) fd'kksj ;qofr;ksa esa ekr` e`R;q dks
10) Reducing maternal deaths among de djukA
adolescent girls.
11) ,uhfe;k dk çcU/ku fuEu }kjk djuk&
11) Management of anaemia by: i) vk;ju vuqiwj.k ,oa iks"k.k
i) Iron supplementation and laca/kh ijke'kZA
nutritional counselling. ii) LokLF; lqfo/kk jsQjyA
ii) Health facility referrals. iii) fd'kksj ;qofr;ksa ds fy, çkjfEHkd
o lqjf{kr xHkZikr lsok,¡A
iii) Early and safe abortion services
for adolescents.