1 (ATP) is the energy used by all cells.

2 ATP stands for Adenosine Tri-Phosphate.

3 Is ATP an organic or inorganic molecule? Organic
4 ATP contains high-energy Phosphate/Phosphoanhydride bonds.
5 What is the sugar in ATP? Ribose sugar
6 What is the nitrogen base in ATP? Adenine - is also a nitrogenous base
How many phosphate groups does ATP contain? 3 - consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose
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sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups.
How do we get energy from ATP? The energy released by ATP is released when a phosphate group is
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removed from the molecule. In short, by the breaking off the last phosphate group
9 To break the last phosphate bond in ATP, water must be added.
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What is the process of adding water to ATP in order to break off the last phosphate bond? Hydrolysis
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What enzyme is used to help weaken and break the last phosphate bond in ATP? ATPase
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Can ATP be remade? Yes, ATP can be remade
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What is produced when the last phosphate bond of ATP is broken? ADP, free phosphate group
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Using ATP's energy and then remaking it is called the ADP-ATP cycle.
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In the body, ATP is made during the process of Cellular Respiration.
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Cellular respiration takes place in both plants and animals.
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Cellular respiration requires the gas oxygen.
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In cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized.
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In oxidation, reactants lose electrons.
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In cellular respiration, oxygen is reduced.
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In reduction, reactants gain electrons.
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The breakdown of one glucose molecule results in 36 to 38 ATP molecules of energy. (net)
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The 36-38 ATP produced in cellular respiration is the net amount.
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What is gross amount of ATP produced in cellular respiration? 38 - 40
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2 Why are the net amount and gross amounts of ATP produced in cellular respiration different? It’s because
5 cellular respiration requires 2 ATP to breakdown glucose
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Write the overall equation for cellular respiration. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 36-38 ATP
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Cellular respiration is an example of a Redox reaction.
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REDOX stands for Reduction-Oxidation reactions.
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2 What are the products of cellular respiration?
9 Its products are 6 Carbon Dioxides, 6 Water molecules, 36-38 ATP
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What carries energized electrons from glucose in cellular respiration? NAD+
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NAD+ acts as an Energy-Carrier.
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NAD+ is a Coenzyme.
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NAD+ is a coenzyme that forms NADH when it is reduced (picks up electrons).
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NADH usually yields 3 ATP molecules through chemiosmosis.
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What does NAD+ stand for? Nicotinadenine Dinucleotide
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Name a second enzyme that acts as an energy carrier in cellular respiration. FAD+
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3 FAD+ is also a Coenzyme.
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What does FAD+ stand for? Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
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How many ATP does FADH₂ yield during chemiosmosis? 2
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FAD+ becomes FADH₂when it is reduced.
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Cellular respiration, like photosynthesis, is a Metabolic Pathway.
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4 Why is cellular respiration a metabolic pathway? Because it involved many reactions to make or break down
2 carbohydrates
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Cellular respiration is an Exergonic reaction.
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Why is cellular respiration an exergonic reaction? Due to the releases energy from glucose
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Glucose is broken down into CO₂ and H₂O.
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Is cellular respiration catabolic or anabolic? Catabolic
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4 Why is cellular respiration a catabolic reaction? For the reason of larger glucose molecules breaking down
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Name the three stages of cellular respiration. Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
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Glycolysis takes place in the Cytoplasm of cells.
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The Krebs Cycle and ETC take place in the Mitochondria.
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