TOEFL PREPARATION PAPER ASSIGNMENTS

"DIRECT-INDIRECT SPEECH”

DISUSUN OLEH:

Siti Ramlah Siregar            191224044

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM NUSANTARA

  AL-WASHLIYAH MEDAN

TAHUN AJARAN 2022/2023

 FOREWORD

All praise is due to the presence of Allah SWT who has guided mankind with the
instructions as contained in the Qur'an and Sunnah, directions to the straight path and the path
that is pleasing to Allah. Likewise the author, the author is grateful to Allah who has
facilitated the writing of this simple paper so that it can be completed with the title
"DIRECT-INDIRECT SPEECH."

Of course, in writing this paper with all the limitations, it cannot be separated from
shortcomings, but the author has tried her best to minimize these shortcomings. Therefore,
criticism and suggestions from readers are expected for the perfection of writing papers in the
following periods. Hopefully useful for writers and readers in general. Aamiin.

Medan, 20 April 2022

Siti Ramlah Siregar

A.    Defenition Direct and Indirect

Direct Speech is words or sentence said is direct the than the speaker, the sentence is
not altered or added.
Whereas Indirect Speech is sentence said to submit the others statement.
Example:
D : She says, “I’m very good in english”
I : She says that he is very good in english.
When viewed in direct speech sentences, there are identical characteristics, namely in
quotation marks (“). The sign is a way that is often used to distinguish which is direct or
indirect. When the direct speech sentence is converted into an indirect speech sentence, the
quotation marks are removed or replaced with the words that or to.

B.     Changes in Direct and Indirect Speech

1.      Adverb of time and Adverb of place.

Direct Indirect

         Now          Then

         Today          That day
         Tomorrow          The next day, the day after, the following
day
         Next ....          The ... after, the following...
         Last .....          The ... before, the previous ...
         .... ago          .... before
         Yesterday          The day before
         The day before yesterday          Two days before
         Here          There
         This          That
         These          Those

Example:
Direct : He told me: “ I went to malang yesterday”.
Indirect : He told me that he had gone to malang the previous day.

2.      Pronoun and Possesive

direct Indirect

I He / she
 You Me / he / she / them / I / her / him
my His / her
Our Their / our
Your My / his / her
We They

Example:
Direct : Bella said me: “I go to campus everyday”
Indirect : Bella said me that she went to campus everyday.

3.      Tenses
Direct Speech Indirect Speech

         Simple Present (V1)          Simple Past (V2)

Lika said: “I go to school today”. Lika said that she went to school that
day.
         Present Continuous (V1+ing)          Past Continuous (V1+ing)
John said: “I am studying english now”. John said that he was studying english
then.
         Present Perfect(S+have/has+V2)          Past Perfect (S+had+V3)
Anggi said: “I have read your letter” Anggi said that she had read your letter.
         Present Perfect Continuous          Past Perfect Continuous
(S+have/has+been+V1+ing) (S+have/has+been+V1+ing)
Hilmy said: “I have been waiting for Hilmy said that he had been waiting for
ages”. ages.
         Past Simple (S+V2)          Past Perfect (S+had+V3)
Ary said me: “I drank white coffee Ary said me that he had drunk white
today”. coffee that day.
         Past Continuous          Past Perfect Continuous
Father told me: “I was sick yesterday”. Father told me that he had been sick
that they before.

C.    Use of Direct and Indirect

1.      Statement
In general, direct statements use verbs (say, tell, said, told, etc.). While the indirect
statement, the word that is used as a link between the introductory sentence (he said, she said
to me, he told me, she says, etc.) and the reported words.
Example:
D : He said, “I have seen the movie”.
I : He said that he had seen the movie.
2.      Command

a.       Positive Command

Direct (Verb 1)
“Come in, please.” Said dony
Indirect (To + Verb 1)
Dony said her to come in.

b.      Negative Command

Direct (Don’t + Verb 1)
“Don’t open the door!.”
Indirect (Not + to +Verb 1)
He told me not to open the door.
3.      Question/ Interrogative

a.       Yes, No Question  Questions that begin with auxiliary words such as is, am, are, was,
were, do, does, did, has, have, had, etc.
In Yes/No Question, Indirect Speech starts with if/wheter.
         Present tense  Past tense
Direct : “Are you sail today?.”
Indirect: Diana asked me, wheter sailed that day.
         Past tense  Past perfect tense
Direct : “can you drove this motorcycle?.”
Indirect: Shanty asked wheter I could driven to motorcycle.
b.      Question word  Questions that begin with what, why, where, who, when, how (5W1H)
         Present tense  Past tense
Direct : “where does margaret live?.”
Indirect : Diana wanted to know where Margaret lived.
         Past tense  Past perfect tense
Direct : “who opened the seminar yesterday?.”
Indirect : He wanted to know who had opened seminar the day before.
10 Direct sentences ( any Tenses) and then change into Indirect!:

1) Direct Speech: She says, “I am a little bit nervous.”

Indirect Speech: She says that she is a little bit nervous.

2) Direct Speech: He says, “I am ill.”

Indirect Speech: He says that he is ill.

3) Direct Speech: You say, “I shall visit London.”

Indirect Speech: You say that you will visit London.

4) Direct Speech: They said, “They are taking a walk every day.”

Indirect Speech: They said that they were taking a walk every day.

5) Direct Speech: They said, “They have been taking a walk since morning.”

Indirect Speech: They said that they had been taking a walk since morning.

6) Direct Speech: They said, “They were taking a walk.”

Indirect Speech: They said that they had been taking a walk.

7) Direct Speech: They said, “They will take a walk.”

Indirect Speech: They said that they would take a walk.

8) Direct Speech: She says, “I eat an apple a day.”

Indirect Speech: She says that she eats an apple a day.

9) Direct Speech: He said, “My father is playing cricket with me.”

Indirect Speech: He said that his father was playing cricket with him.

10) Direct Speech: She said, “I have been waiting for him since last morning.”

Indirect Speech: She said that she had been waiting for him since last morning.