.

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

9
Zest for Progress
Z Peal of artnership

Science Grade 9
Quarter 4 - Module 6
Heat, Work and Energy

Name of Learner:
Grade & Section:
Name of School:
1
 Module
Heat, Work, and Energy
7

What I Need to Know

This module is arranged and composed to help you understand and master
the concept behind Heat, Work, and Energy (S9FE – Ivg – 45 ). The extent of this
module allows the learner to be utilized in a variety of learning situations to assist
you to understand the lesson; several activities are designed just for you:

Activity 1: Name the energy?

Activity 2: What’s the Temperature? A though Experiment
Activity 3: Compute the Thermal Energy
Activity 4: Where I belong
Activity 5: Fill me!!
Activity 5: The reverse of it

After reading and answering the different activities of this module, you are
expected to:

1. Show heat causes the internal energy of the water to increase.

2. Differentiate the process as a spontaneous or non-spontaneous
process.
3. Infer how heat pumps (refrigerator and air conditioner) work.

When two objects of different temperatures in contact, heat spontaneously

moves from a higher temperature to an item of low temperature. The spontaneous
flow of heat is always in the direction tending to balance the temperature. If the two
objects are exposed to each for an extended period of time for their temperature to
become balanced, the two bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium, and there is
no other heat flow between them.

2
 What’s In
10

Activity 1: Name the energy!

Direction: Read the statement properly and identify the form of energy that is
described in the sentence. Write your answer before each number.

Light Energy Chemical Energy Chemical Energy

Thermal Energy Gravitational Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

Elastic Potential Energy Nuclear Energy Sound Energy Energy

____________________1. Is released by luminous objects.

____________________2. Is stored in objects that are hotter than their surroundings.
____________________3. Energy stored in food, fuel and batteries.
____________________4. Stored in an object that is higher than the ground.
____________________5. Energy stored in objects that are moving.
____________________6. Is stored in objects that have been stretched.
____________________7. Energy in radioactive substance.
____________________8. Used to power TVs computer, lights etc.
____________________9. Is released when an object vibrates.
____________________10. Stored in different forms and can transfer and/or transform.

What’s New
10

Activity 2: What’s the temperature?

Procedure:
Try to think of the following;

1. Put half a liter (500 mL) of water into a pot.

2. Place the pot of water into a stove. Measure the temperature of the
water.
3. Let it boil. What do you think will the temperature be before boiling,
while boiling, and after boiling (indicate only HIGH TEMPERATURE or
LOW TEMPERATURE).

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 Temperature before Temperature while Temperature after
Boiling (0C) Boiling (0C) Boiling (0C)

___________________ _________________ _________________

Guide Questions:
1. Compare the water tenmperature before it starts boiling, while it is boiling,
and after it has boiled.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. What does the increase in temperature indicate?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

What is it
Heat and Work

This module centers on work and heat. It focuses on explaining how heat can
be turned into work and how doing work releases heat. It also discusses spontaneous
processes where heat flows from a higher temperature to an object of lower
temperature, Also, how heat engines function, car’s engine specifically given
emphasis. Thermal pollution is a result from the rise in temperature of water bodies
that is detrimental to aquatic animals and is caused by the disposal of heated
industrial water wastes. Being aware of the disadvantages of less efficient heat
engines, we could design ways to lessen its effects.

Heat transfer may change one’s temperature or phase; either it increases or

decreases in the form of heat. On the other hand, phase change means a change in
the body’s internal energy. But much concern will be focused on the adiabatic, or no
heat enters or leaves the system.

Conservation of energy says that: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

The first law of thermodynamics is actually based on this theory. It states that: The
change in internal energy of a system equals the difference between the heat
taken in by the system and the work done by the system. Internal energy of a
substance is the total of molecular kinetic energy (due to the random motion of

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the molecules), the molecular potential energy (due to forces that act between
the atoms of a molecule and between the molecules), and other kinds of
molecular energy.

When heat moves in instances where the work is done is negligible, the
internal energy of the hot substances decreases and the internal energy of the hot
substance decreases, and the internal energy of the cold substance increases. While
heat may have derived from the internal energy supply of a substance, it is not proper
to say that a substance contains heat. The object has internal energy, not heat. The
word “heat” is used only when the energy is actually moving from hot to cold.

The law is expressed as

ΔU = Q - W
where
Q = the amount of heat moving into a system during a specific process
W = the net work done by the system
ΔU = the change in the system’s internal energy

This is originated from the conservation of energy given as how heat is related
to work? Or how heat is related to work?
Q = W + ΔU
Joule is the SI unit for energy. The first law states that the internal energy
of a system can be changed by transferring energy by either heat, work, or the
combination of the two.

Heat Pump

An object with a more significant temperature is said to be hot, and the word
“hot brings to mind the word “heat.” Heat moves from a hotter item to a cooler object
when the two things are placed in contact. For instance, a pot of chocolate drink
feels hot when touched, while you feel cold when you touch a scoop of ice cream.
The temperature of hot chocolate is relatively higher than the average body
temperature of 370C; on the other hand, ice cream’s temperature is lower than 370C.
When you touch a chocolate drink cup, heat flows from a hotter cup to a cooler hand.
Furthermore, when you feel a cone of ice cream, heat moves from hot to cold. In this
case, from the warmer hand to the cooler cone. The feedback of the nerves in hand
to the arrival or departure of heat yield the brain to recognize the cup of chocolate
drink as being hot and a cone of ice cream as being cold.

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 A heat pump a device that allows heat to transfer from a cold reservoir to a
warmer one, which cannot happen spontaneously, or on its own. Work is needed for
the heat to move from a lower to a higher temperature. This work is contributed by
the motor of a heat pump. Heat flows from higher temperature to lower temperature.
It is a natural or spontaneous process. Any external energy is not required to
happen. When heat moves from lower temperature to higher temperature, it needs
mechanical energy to happen. It is called non-spontaneous process. In doing so,
work should be done. Mechanical energy is necessary for this to occur. The Second
Law of Thermodynamics is used here. It says that heat will not at all move from a
cold temperature to hot temperature items. The work is contributed to the motor of
the heat pump.

What’s More
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Activity 4: Where Do I Belong?

Materials Needed:
Illustrations/pictures of
Drying of leaves Breakage of an egg Spoilage of food
Waterfall Rice cooking Cooling water

Procedure:

1. Examine the illustrations above.

2. From the examples above, categorized them as Spontaneous Process,
Non – Spontaneous Process and identify how to reverse their process:

Spontaneous Non-spontaneous Needs work to reverse

Process Process the process
_____________________ _____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

Guide Questions:

1. Which of the following items undergo a spontaneous process?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 2. How can we reverse the process of the following?

A. Drying of leaves to make them fresh again.

_________________________________________
B. Fixing ban eggshell to make it whole.
_________________________________________
C. Keeping the food fresh from spoilage.
_________________________________________
D Heating of water.
_________________________________________
E. Flowing the water back to the top.
_________________________________________

3. What is needed to reverse the process?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned 10

Activity 5. Fill Me
A. Direction: Fill in the blanks with the best answers to complete the statements.
1. The change in the __________ of a system is equivalent to the difference
between the heat taken in by the system and the work performed by the
system.
2. _______ is the unit to express internal energy.
3. A process without gain or loss of heat is called _____________.
4. Heat flows commonly from higher temperature to lower temperature which is
a __________ process.
5. The second law of ________________ says that heat will not at all of itself move
from a cold temperature to a hot temperature.

B. TRUE OR FALSE. Read and analyze each statement carefully. Write HEAT if the
statement is accurate, and write TEMPERATURE if the information is false on
the space before each number.

_______ 6. A heat engine is a device that turns thermal energy into mechanical
work.
_______ 7. Using a heat engine, all heat can be converted into work.
_______ 8. Thermal pollution is caused by the pile-up exhaustion of heat
coming from diesel, gasoline, and industrial engines.
_______ 9. Heat moves from a lower temperature to a higher temperature.
_______ 10. The spontaneous process occurs when heat flows from a lower
temperature to a higher temperature.

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 What I Can Do
22

Activity 5: The Reverse of it

Materials:

Illustrations of refrigeration and air conditioning cycle

Figure 2. Refrigeration cooling cycle

Figure 3. Refrigeration Cycle

Procedure:
Study the illustrations and their parts.

Guide Questions:
1. How does a refrigerator work?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

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2. Describe a compressor. How it works, and identify the gas inside that has a low
boiling point?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. What will happen to the hot gas produced by compression?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. How does a condenser function?
________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. What will happen to the pressure and heat in the evaporator?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. When does the cycle repeat?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. Discuss the complete cycle of how a refrigerator works.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
How does the air conditioner work?
LOW SIDE HIGH SIDE

(low pressure) (highpressure)

Heat is transferred from EXPANSION

inside air refrigerant. VALVE

Low High
Pressure Pressure
Liquid Liquid

EVAPORATOR CONDENSER

Low High
Pressure Pressure
Gas Gas

COMPRESSOR

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 Figure 4. An air conditioning cooling cycle

Guide Questions:

8. What does the function of an air conditioning unit?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
9. How does an air conditioning work during summer?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. What is the main function of the air conditioner during cold days?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
11. What is required to transfer heat in this device?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment 15

Directions: Read the questions and encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. Francis stretched a rubber band five times. After that, he observed that
the rubber band felt warm. Did the rubber band gain heat?
A. No, it is not evident.
B. Yes, the rubber band felt warm means it gained heat
C. Yes, the rubber band felt warm means it lost heat.
D. No, the temperature is not related to a gain or loss of heat.
For nos.2-4

Label them as:

• Beaker I, half-filled with water on a hot plate for 2.5 minutes
• Beaker II, half-filled with water on a hot plate for 10 minutes
• Beaker III, full of water on a hot plate for 5 minutes
• Beaker IV, full of water on a hot plate for 2.5 minutes
Four identical beakers, I, II, III, IV, are placed on a large electrical hot plate. I

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and II are half full, and III and IV are full of tap water at the same initial temperature.
I and IV are placed on the hot plate for 2.5 minutes. III is left on for 5 minutes, an
d II is left on for 10 minutes. The water does not boil in any of the beakers.

2. Which of the following beakers filled with water will have the lowest temperature
right after being heated?
A. I C. III
B. II D. IV

3. Which one of the bakers of water will receive the most heat?
A. I C. III
B. II D. IV
4. Which two beakers of water will have almost the same final temperature after being
heated?
A. I and II C. I and IV
B. I and III D. II and III

5. What is commonly used as a refrigerant for most refrigerators?

A. liquid that is easy to solidify
B. liquid that is hard to solidify
C. Gas that is easy to liquefy
D. Gas that is hard to liquefy

6. How does water from the deep well move upward?

A. It happens naturally
B. It uses water heat pump.
C. It is a natural process.
D. It moves from higher temperature to cooler temperature.

7. How can the air conditioning unit function as a heater during cold days cooler
during hot days?
I. IT cools the inside of the house and heats the outside.
II. It takes heat from the air outside to warm the inside.
A. I only C. I and II only
B. II only D. None of them

8. A process without gain or loss of heat?

A. Adiabatic Process
B. Internal Energy
C. Spontaneous Process
D. Non-spontaneous Process

9. Mang Juan, a carpenter, is planning a piece of wood with his planar. After a few
minutes, he observed that it is hot. Is there evidence of heat transfer?
A. There is no evidence.
B. Yes, hotness means there is an increase in the temperature.
C. Yes, hotness means there is a decrease in the temperature.
D. No, hotness is not related to a change in temperature.

10. Given the following mechanism, which best describes the correct sequence of the
refrigeration cycle?
I. Compression III. Expansion
II. Condensation IV. Evaporation

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 A. I, II, III, IV C. III, IV, I, II
B. II, III, IV, I D. IV, III, I, II

11. What causes thermal pollution?

A. exhaust of different vehicles
B. exhaust from various industrial engines
C. degradation of water
D. all of the above

12. Which of the following does not undergo a spontaneous process?

A. Breakage of egg
B. Ice Production
C. Drying of leaves
D. Rice Cooking

13. The primary function of an air-conditioning unit is:

A. A heat pump used for home cooling and heating
B. A heat pump used for home cooling only
C. A heat pump used for home heating only
D. It cools the outside of the house.

14. What is needed to transfer heat in an air conditioning unit?

A. Potential Energy
B. Kinetic Energy
C. Mechanical Energy
D. Thermal Energy

15. What can you do to reverse the process of keeping the food fresh from spoilage?
A. By reheating it often
B. Putting it in a food storage box
C. Keeping it in a refrigerator
D. adding more food preservatives

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Additional Activities

Activity 6: What’s the Word!

Direction: Complete the crossword puzzle. Read the

clues below to help you answer the mystery.

Across
3. A process without gain or loss of heat
5. the sum of all kinetic and potential energies
6. The transfer of energy from one object to another because of the temperature
difference
Down
1. the thermal energy that flows from a substance of higher temperature to a
substance of lower temperature
2. an example of a heat pump
4. a device that reverses the direction of the heat flow, from cold temperature to a
warmer one.

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 14
What’s In What’s More
1. Light Energy
Spontaneous Non Needs
2. Thermal Energy
3. Chemical Energy Process Spontaneous work to
4. Gravitational Potential Energy Process reverse the
5. Kinetic Energy process
6.Elastic Potential Energy Drying of Breakage of egg Drying of
7. Chemical Energy leaves leaves
8. Electrical Energy
Spoilage of food Ice Production Spoilage of
9. Sound Energy
10. Energy food
Water falls Rice cooking Water falls
What I have Learned What’s New Guide Questions:
A Guide Questions: 1. Drying of leaves, spoilage of food and water falls
1. Internal Energy 1. The temperature is lower are just some of the examples of spontaneous
2. Joule ( J ) than 1000 C before it is process
3. diabetic boiled, 1000 C when it 2. a. By using plant press
4. spontaneous was boiling and after it b. By putting them together using scotch tape
5. thermodynamic has boiled
B c. By using refrigerator
2. It means an increase in
6. HEAT internal energy of the d. By using stove
7. TEMPERATURE water. e. By using water pump
8. HEAT Activity 3 3. An application of work or using motor or a heat
9. TEMPERATURE pump
1. 90J
10. TEMPERATURE
2. 150 J
What I can Do
Guide Questions:
1. Work has to be done by the compressor to “suck “ the colder gas from the inside the refrigerator out,
to flow energy from a lower temperature to a warmer room.
2. A compressor is a motor which compresses a gas known as Freon.
3. The got gas produced by the compressor runs thru a condenser
4. The condenser turned the cooled gas to near room temperature which then condenses into liquid.
This cool liquid which has high pressure flows through a narrow tube connected to the evaporator
5. The liquid evaporated due to its low pressure. At the same time, it absorbs heat from the contents of
the refrigerator
6. The gas produced that has already absorbed heat goes back to the compressor and then the cycle
repeats.
7. The refrigerator cooling cycle follows the following mechanism
a. The compressor compresses the Freon into a pressure of several atmosphere
b. The gas is cooled to near room temperature which then condenses into liquid of high pressure.
c. The liquid evaporates due to its slow pressure and heat is absorbed from the contents of the
refrigerator
d. The gas produced that has already absorbed heat goes back to the compressor and then the cycle
repeats
8. An air conditioning is a heat pump used for home heating and cooling
9. It cools the inside of the house and heats the outside
10. It takes heat from the air outside to warm the inside
11. Mechanical energy is needed to transfer heat from a cold object to a warmer one
Additional Activities Assessment
1.heat 1. B 6. B 11. D
2. refrigerator
2. B 7. B 12. C
3.temperature
4.heat pump 3. D 8. A 13. A
5. thermal energy 4. B 9.C 14. C
6.work 5. C 10. B 15. C
Answer Key- Gr9Q4W6 Science
 References
Books:
Liza A.Alvarez, et.al.Science Grade 9 Learner’s Module.Studio Graphics Corp: Pasig
City.Department of Education:Bureau of Learning Resources (Deped-BLR ).2015

Liza A.Alvarez, et.al.Science Grade 9 Teacher’s Guide.Studio Graphics Corp: Pasig

City.Department of Education:Bureau of Learning Resources (Deped-BLR ).2015

Electronic Resources:
https://worksheets.theteacherscorner.net/make-your-own/crossword/

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