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English notes for class 11

Sindh board Chapter 1
Pakistan Zindabad

English notes for class 11 Sindh board Chapter 1

Pakistan Zindabad Education in Karachi English XI
Notes, Composition, Exercise, Summary, Mcqs,
Question Answers, Online Test, Guess Papers and
Past Papers for Class 11th.

English notes for class 11 Sindh

board Chapter 1 Pakistan Zindabad
New Edition

Table of Contents

Where is the tomb of the Quaid-i-

Azam?

The tomb of the Quaid-i-Azam is in Karachi. He was

also born in Karachi and buried in the heart of the
city.

Why does the writer apply the word

‘terrible’ to the first year of Pakistan’s
history as an independent state?

The writer applies the word, “terrible” to the first year

of Pakistan’s history as an independent state
because the Muslims who were migrating to Pakistan
after its independence met a bad fate. Angry mobs of
Sikhs and Hindus brutally killed or imprisoned about
half a million Muslims migrating from the
subcontinent to the newly born state of Pakistan.

How does Pakistan compare in size

and population with the other nations
of the world?
Compared with the other nations of the world,
Pakistan is the greatest of the Muslim states and the
fifth largest nation in the world.

How large was the population of

Pakistan when it became
independent?
When Pakistan became independent, its population
was seventy million. Together, these people gained
their identity as a nation as they gained a separate
homeland for themselves.

Why did Kashmir not join Pakistan?

Kashmir did not join Pakistan because a Hindu
Maharaja conquered Kashmir, where the Muslims
were in majority. Quaid-i-Azam was distressed by the
fate of Kashmir.

What were the provinces that voted

to join Pakistan?
The provinces that voted to join Pakistan were Sindh,
North-West Frontier Province, Baluchistan West
Punjab, Sylhet, and East Bengal. As a result, about
forty million Muslims were left in India, but most of
the Muslims had a homeland of their own now.

State briefly what the ‘Pakistan

Resolution’ decided?
Pakistan Resolution decided that India needed to be
split into two nations. The Muslim League agreed not
to accept any plan for India which failed to give
Muslims an independent state in those parts of India
where there were more Muslims than Hindus, such
as, East Bengal and North-West.

When and where was the ‘Pakistan

Resolution’ passed?
Pakistan Resolution was passed in Lahore in March
1940. Pakistan Resolution was passed by the Muslim
League, who took the decision to split India into two
separate nations.

Who was the last Viceroy of India?

Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of India. He
became the Viceroy of India in March 1947. He was
sent to India with orders to find out a way of handing
over the government. However, he discovered that
the country was already on the verge of the Civil war,
and the British government was divided and
powerless. So, he took the decision of dividing India
into two states at once.

Who was the first Governor-General

of Pakistan?
Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the first
Governor General of Pakistan. He was also the
founder of Pakistan and an exemplary figure for the
Muslims of India. It was because of his struggle, firm
determination and effective leadership that Muslims
were able to gain independence.

Composition
Write an essay of 250 to 300 words on one of the
following personalities:

1. Mohammad Ali Jinnah

2. Liaqat Ali Khan

3. Syed Ahmad Khan

4. Allama Mohammad Iqbal.

Mohammad Ali Jinnah

Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born in
1876, in Karachi. He received his early education in
Karachi and passed his matriculation examination
when he was sixteen years old. Later, he went to
England in order to pursue higher education in the
field of law. On his return to India, he started his
practice as a lawyer in Karachi. Soon, he moved to
Bombay, where he continued his practice.
Initially, Jinnah joined Indian National Congress and
was impressed by its anti-imperialist stance. He was
the ambassador of Hindu Muslim unity but he was
extremely disappointed to see the prejudicial attitude
of the Congress and Hindus towards the Muslims. At
that stage of his political career, Jinnah left Congress
and dedicated himself to the Muslim League.

Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a great

leader who had revolutionary ideas. He realized the
dream of Iqbal and awakened the spirit of freedom
among the Muslims. It was due to his determination,
undaunting spirit and exemplary leadership that
Muslims were able to gain a separate homeland for
themselves on 14th August 1947.

After the independence of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam

became the first Governor-General of Pakistan. He
only made constitutional efforts in the freedom
movement and for the establishment of Pakistan but
also made the country stable by working hard. He not
only persuaded the people to be patient but also took
a practical step for the settlement and the
rehabilitation of refugees. Therefore, he came over
the difficulties, which were faced by Pakistan after
the division of India. He stressed on the importance
of education, the unity of faith and discipline for the
Muslims of India.
Quaid-e-Azam was a great leader, constitutionalist, a
distinguished parliamentarian, a determined freedom
fighter, a dynamic Muslim leader, a political strategist,
and, above all one of the great nation-builders of
modern times. He was a man of faith and courage,
who devoted his life to the creation of Pakistan.

Liaqat Ali Khan

Liaqat Ali Khan was born at Karnal in Punjab, India
on 1st October 1896. He received his early education
in his hometown. Later, he joined Aligarh’s famous
MAO College. From here, Liaqat Ali Khan completed
his bachelors in Political science. Afterward, he
completed his bachelor’s degree in law in 1918. In
order to pursue higher education, he joined Oxford
University’s Exeter College. Liaqat Ali Khan was a
brilliant student who got many scholarships and
prizes during his educational career. After completing
his higher education, Liaqat Ali Khan returned to India
in 1923.

Liaqat Ali Khan was elected as a member of the

Legislative Council of the United Provinces in 1926,
where he served for the next fourteen years. During
this period, he remained active in the affairs of the
Muslim League and became its secretary in 1937. He
became the right hand of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Together, they worked closely in building up the
Muslim League as an effective political organization.
He was elected as a member of the Central
Legislative Assembly in 1940, where he served to
strengthen the Muslim demand for a separate
homeland, as the deputy leader of the Muslim
League party.

In 1946, when independence for India was being

negotiated with the British, Liaqat was appointed as
the finance minister of the interim government. After
the creation of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan became the
first Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan. Liaqat Ali Khan was also the first Defence
Minister of Pakistan Defence Authorities and also the
first Minister of Commonwealth and Kashmir Matters.
After Quaid-i-Azam’s demise in 1948, he emerged as
the most powerful figure in the nation. He was a
liberal democrat and was assassinated by a fanatic
on 16th October 1951. He will always be
remembered as one of the founders of Pakistan.

Syed Ahmad Khan

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was born in 1817 in an
aristocratic family in Mughal Delhi. He was a great
theologian, scholar, social reformer, educationist,
politician, author, and journalist. He devoted his entire
life to the betterment of the Muslims of the
subcontinent. He was of the view that only modern
education would help in the progress and
development of Muslims. He visited England in the
year 1869 and visited the most prestigious of British
educational institutions. On his return to India, he
established an educational committee. The purpose
of this committee was to establish educational
institutions in India, conforming to the British
standard of education.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan established English High

School at Aligarh in the year 1857, which was named
‘Muhammadan Anglo Oriented School’. Its model
was based on Cambridge University London. In
1863, he established ‘The Scientific Society’ that
aimed to spread knowledge through the translation of
Standard English books into Urdu. In 1877, he laid
the foundation of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental
College at Aligarh to impart modern as well as
religious education.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was also a social reformer and

he wanted the Muslims of India to get an honorable
status in the Hindu dominant society. For this
purpose, he wrote his famous books, ‘The Causes of
The Indian Revolt’ and ‘The Loyal Mohammedans of
India’. Through these books, he tried to clear the
misunderstandings between the Muslims and the
British.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan also provided great political

services. He is regarded as one of the greatest
exponents of Two-Nation Theory because after the
Hindu-Urdu controversy, he was convinced that
Hindus were not sincere towards the Muslims. In
1878, Sir Syed became a member of the Viceroy’s
Legislative Council and he took up the Indian
problems very effectively with the Indian
Government.

In 1886, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan laid the foundation of

Muhammadan Educational Conference. The purpose
of this conference was to spread the massage of the
Aligarh Movement to the Muslims throughout India
and to motivate the Muslims for acquiring modern
knowledge.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was a man of great courage

and he worked throughout his life for the betterment
of the Indian Muslims. He gave a new vision to the
Muslims after the War of Independence. Moreover, he
also revived the dormant consciousness of Muslims
and through his educational, political, and social
reforms. His name goes down in Muslim history as
arguably the most influential Indian politician of the
19th century.

Allama Mohammad Iqbal

Allama Iqbal, generally known as the poet of the East
and West, was born in the city of Punjab, Sialkot, on
9th November 1877. He received his early education
in his home town. He joined Government College,
Lahore in 1895, and completed his Masters from
University of Punjab in 1899. In 1905, he left for
England, where he was awarded a degree in PHD by
Munich University for his work on Persian philosophy
in 1908.
Iqbal was not only a great poet but he was also an
active member of the All India Muslim League.
Initially, he was also a believer of Hindu-Muslim unity,
however, later he realized the prejudicial attitude of
Congress towards the Muslims of India.

In 1930, during his Allahabad address, he presented

the idea that the Muslims are a separate nation. He
declared that there would be no peace in India unless
and until Muslims were recognized as a separate
nation. Allama Iqbal suggested that since Punjab,
Sindh, N.W.F.P, and Balochistan are Muslim majority
areas, so they must be united under a single Muslim
state.

Iqbal not only gave the idea of a separate nation for

Muslims but he also played an important role in the
struggle for Pakistan. He awakened the spirit of
freedom among the Muslims of India through his
poetry and raised awareness about the propaganda
of West against Muslims. His idea was opposed by
Hindus and British alike, but he continued his efforts
and wrote a letter to Quaid-e-Azam in 1937, who
realized his dream, and the Pakistan resolution was
passed in 1940.
Allama Iqbal was a great poet, thinker, scholar, and
politician. He was a philosopher and revolutionary,
who presented the idea of Two-Nation theory, on the
basis of which Pakistan Resolution was passed in
1940. Although he passed away in 1938, and could
not see the actual creation of Pakistan, but he played
a major part in its creation.

Exercise
Using only the Simple Present Tense
put the verbs in brackets into the
correct form:
1. She (do) all her housework in the evening.
2. Everyone (have) a hobby; mine and my brother’s
(be) stamp- collecting.
3. Which of these mountain roads (remain) open in
winter ?
4. Which one of these mountain roads (remain) open
in winter ?
5. Neither you nor I (be) good enough to pass this
examination.
6. Whoever (answer) this question (win) the prize.
7. ‘He who (hesitate) (be) lost.
8. Nobody (like) wars and yet to fight (be) a part of
human nature.
9. There (be) one officer and three soldiers guarding
the palace.
10. Gulliver’s Travels (be) a satire.
11. Many a student (fail) because of poor attendance.
12. The manager and his secretary (be) in the office.
13. The manager with his secretary (be) in the office.
14. ‘Nothing (succeed) like success.’
15. My brother, who is an athlete, says that a hundred
yards (be) his best distance.
16. The committee (meet) today at 3 p.m.
17. This bread and butter (be) not fresh.
18. The treatment and cure of this disease (be) very
slow.
19. The present king, like his predecessors, (love)
good food.
20. Four and seven (make) eleven.

Answer:
1. She does all her housework in the evening.
2. Everyone has a hobby; mine and my
brother’s is stamp- collecting.
3. Which of these mountain roads remains open in
winter?
4. Which one of these mountain roads remainopen in
winter?
5. Neither you nor I am good enough to pass this
examination.
6. Whoever answers this question wins the prize.
7. ‘He who hesitates is lost.’
8. Nobody likes wars and yet to fight is a part of
human nature.
9. There is one officer and three soldiers guarding the
palace.
10. Gulliver’s Travels is a satire.
11. Many a student fails because of poor attendance.
12. The manager and his secretary are in the office.
13. The manager with his secretary is in the office.
14. ‘Nothing succeeds like success.’
15. My brother, who is an athlete, says that a hundred
yards is his best distance.
16. The committee meets today at 3 p.m.
17. This bread and butter is not fresh.
18. The treatment and cure of this disease is very
slow.
19. The present king, like his
predecessors, loves good food.
20. Four and seven make eleven.

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Exercise 5
Rewrite the following sentences in
the same way:
1. Our daily newspapers contain many items of
information.
2. The milkman delivers many bottles of milk to our
school every day.
3. How many litres of petrol do you want?
4. The storm broke many panes of glass in my
greenhouses.
5. He composed a great many pieces of music in his
lifetime.
6. Haven’t you bought too many pieces of furniture
for your new house?
7. The lions in the zoo need many kilograms of meat
every day.
8. How many ounces of tobacco do you smoke in a
week?
9. How many tins of jam are there in the cupboard?
10. How many metres of cloth will you need for that
dress?

Advertisement. Scroll to continue reading.

Answer:
1. Our daily newspapers contain a great deal
of information.
2. The milkman delivers tons of milk to our school
every day.
3. How much petrol do you want?
4. The storm broke a lot of panes of glass in my
greenhouses.
5. He composed a great deal of music in his lifetime.
6. Haven’t you bought a great deal of furniture for
your new house?
7. The lions in the zoo need tons of meat every day.
8. How much tobacco do you smoke in a week?
9. How much jam is there in the cupboard?
10. How much cloth will you need for that dress?

Exercise 6
Rewrite these sentences using the
adjectives in italic type in this way :
1. It is quite possible for poor people to be happier
than rich people.
2. Young people are often more enthusiastic than old
people.
3. A wise man listens to advice; a foolish one does
not listen to advice.
4. After the battle the stretcher bearers picked up the
men who were wounded and those who were dying.
5. Nurses helped to look after those who were
injured.

Answer:
1. It is quite possible for the poor to be happier than
the rich.
2. Young people are often more enthusiastic than the
old.
3. The wise listen to advice; the foolish do not listen
to it.
4. After the battle the stretcher-bearers picked up the
wounded and the dying.
5. Nurses helped to look after the injured.

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