*<

Gas Transport uVi

Symposium •,
/w
P
(/(

Lifetime of Electrical
Equipment, m
Instrumentation & SCADA m
za
■:.v

O
Go o
& 5*
r u!
'y ""3

‘■■.j

O -i

Antonio Marinetti 1
Responsible for Snam gas control systems (IT & TLC)
Snam
 Snam Network in the early
‘50ies...
I Total length: 700
Km
I Yearly transported
gas: 500 Million
Cubic Meters
 DISCLAIMER

Portions of this document may be illegible

in electronic image products. Images are
produced from the best available original
document.
1970

I Total length:
9,000 Km
I Yearly
transported gas:
12,800 Million
Cubic Meters

3
1980 ■5-0*4

I Total length:
15,000 Km
I Yearly
transported gas:
27,500 Million
Cubic Meters

8©<}-®0’M
.... 1998

I Total length:
28,731 Km
I Yearly
transported gas:
61,180 Million
Cubic Meters

a
 *

Transported quantities
Total:
Transported for other companies:

Domestic production:
Import from Russia:
Import from Algeria:

Import from the Nederlands:

Import GNL from Algeria:

Measured in STMC STMC (a 38,1 M3)

6
Telecontrolled / Supervised
Plants

A few examples

7
GNL Plant

00
Some statistics

Total Telecontrolled Level of

Plant Type
plants n° plants n° -".ro,
Intakes 30 30 100%
Compressor station 21 21 100%
Manifold nodes / grids 43 43 100%
Main branching points 1160 1160 100%
Other section points over 6.000 0 0%
Main reduction plants 393 198 50%
Other reduction plants 147 0 0%
Selected regional cheking points 624 138 22%

12
 Gas Network & Business
Development

I Main reason for improvements are:

I Increase of gas demand in terms of new
customers & increased consumption; Hence:
Continues design & construction of new
pipelines, compressor units & control systems
I New functionality required by evolution of
doing business

13
 Gas Supply Chain
Gas Transmission Elements

I Pipelines
I Compressor stations
I Electrical equipment
I Instrumentation
I SCADA

14
 Electrical Equipment in
Compressor Stations

I Early 60ies
I Electrical engines (HV)
I Reciprocating compressors / Centrifugal
Compressors (MV)
I End 60ies
I Gas turbines (MV)
I Centrifugal Compressors (MV)
Lifetime
r
15
 Examples -1966 -

I CREMONA Compressor station

I 10 Electrical powered engines & Centrifugal
Compressors in service since 1962
I BOLOGNA
I 5 Electrical powered engines & Centrifugal
Compressors in service since 1962
I CORREGGIO
I 5 Electrical powered engines & Centrifugal
Compressors in service since 1966
 Examples -1974 -

I CREMONA unchanged
I CORREGGIO unchanged + gas turbine
I BOLOGNA dismantled in November 1973

Lifetime
 Examples -1999 -

I In MILANO metropolitan area, CINISELLO

compressor station is equipped with
electrical engine & reciprocating
compressors because of environmental
concerns with particular respect to noise

Lifetime

18
 Electrical Equipment

I Electricity feeding system

I Electrical cabin fed by national grid (MV)
I Two backup transformers (MV/LV)
I Electricity production system
I Engine & Power generator
I Automatic commutator board & phase
factor corrector
 Electrical Equipment

I LV distribution board
I Lighting system
I Cathode protection system
I Motor Control Centre (MCC) units system
 Electricity Supply

MV

Back-up redundancy Snam Electricity

MV/LVtransformers
generator

j
Connected switches

phase factor
/ ,, \ corrector

LV

LV users
21
 Improvements

I Magneto-thermal relays substituted with

microprocessor relays
I Oil MV/LV transformers substituted with
dry MV/LV transformers
I Oil MT switches substituted with SF6 MT
switches
I Last generation magneto-thermal relays

22
 Improvements

I Installation of a monitoring and control

system
I These improvements are adopted in new
compressor station or during revamping
works
 Maintenance

I Usually preventive
I In some cases predictive
 Evolution

I Technology in this area can be considered

stable even if small changes and
improvements are continuously carried
out

Lifetime
Lifetime

4 * Lifetime

I Usually 20 years, in some cases even 25

I Design is a critical factor for a long
lifetime
I In some compressor station electrical
equipment has been replaced after 4/5
years
I Determined by obsolescence and/or plant
structural changes
26
 Compressor station
automation

I Hierarchical, from bottom up:

I Instrumentation
I UCS - Unit Control System
I SCS - Station Control System, DCS -
Distributed (Node) Control System, ENCS
Electrical Network Control System
I HQ Dispatching Centre SCADA Systems
 SCS Evolution Summary

60ies 7Qies 80ies 9Qies

Kind ofregulatiaVcontrd Rneumatic Electronic Digital Digital
AulaintiaVinstiiirraitatim system means Snail pipelines XMres Mcroprocesscrs Mcroprocesscrs
Reventive Brevmtixe Preventive
Miintmance freventrve Experience Gi cmditiai Predictive
Extraordinary Extraordinary On condition
Extraordinary
GE Unit control panel Manual MHcH MirkIV ' IvEEV
operation

28
 SNAM Experience

I Real life of control system is shorter than

plants lifetime
■ Plants changes: when they occur
instrumentation equipment has to be
replaced
I Control system is OK but no more spares
^are available ..
Lifetime

29
 f i ne SNAM Experience
*" * Reasons for change

I Performance supplied by the automation

and instrumentation equipment do not
satisfy any more the technical
characteristics required
I It's not more feasible and/or economically
convenient to run the system. This is the
only case when the real life of the system
coincide with the expected lifetime
30
 RTU Remote Terminal Units

I RTU's are the interface between

instrumentation and FE's
I Their evolution depends on:
I Electronic technology evolution
I TLC evolution
I IT evolution

Lifetime

31
 . »

RTU evolution

Number CPU on
TIME Activity Technology RTU Model Boud Rate RTU Characteristics
of Plants Board

1970-1980 400 New Plants m P6006/20-ELLIOT NO 200 b/s

1980-1990 400 Remakings CMOS OS-600/45 NO 200 b/s 40TM-200TS/14TC/4SP

1980-1990 371 New Plants CMOS OS-600/45-- P6008/80 NO 200 b/s 40TM-200TS/14TC/4SP

1990-1999 598 New Rants CMOS STCR-S/RTM-D1 YES 1200 b/s 72TM-192TS/72TC/72SP

RX*
Lifetime

32
 I plants (1970-1999)
1369

980-1690-

970-19&0-.
.-•_________

■■.'IF 7-- i1 ','X' ' "I

-50 550 650

33
 HQ SCADA System

I Monitors & controls directly all the

automated plants
I Directly interfaces RTU's, SCS, DCS
I Receives data / information from abroad
systems
I Distributes information via dedicated
Webs
 HQ SCADA System

I Consists of several specialised and

optimised subsystems:
I The main high pressure transport system
I The regional high/medium pressure transport
system
I Quality control system
I Specific TLC control system etc..

35
 SCADA general scheme

Stand By Other Users Main

Computers Computers

DAS FDDI NODE BE Master

VAX 6600

BE
VAX 6600 FE Master
DEC PDF

FE
DEC PDF
FE Master
FE DEC PDF VME - Motorola
FE Slave
VME - Motorola VME - Motorola

36
 Dispatching Centre Scheme
Front End
Cluster DB Server
TLC monitoring
Plant configuration
FDDT

Secondary
fgm
Net
DSS Gas Quality Primary
Multioscreen WS Net
iJIIILu 1J5L,

I Web Server i jKL. 1JML

|| Replicated I BE] Web Server
Firewall DB Intranet

Firewall &
* Lifetime

'A little bit of History

1° Generation 2° Generation 3° Generation 4° Generation
Year 1969 [973775 1982/84 1988795
Systems 2 2 2+1 (emergency) 2+1 (emergency)
Back-up cold hot 2 hot + 1 cold 2 hot + 1 cold
Number RTU 100 300 Max 2720 Max 3640
Remote control No Yes Yes Yes
Kind of RTU 1 7 7 3
Postations 1 3 5 9
System A processor IBM 1800 IBM 7 Digital PDF 11/44 Digital VAX 6610 (BE)
RAM 16 Kword 48 Kword 750 Kword 128 Mb
disks 2 RL02 x 0.8 Mb 2 1053x1.25 Mb 4 RK07 x 28 Mb 5 RZ29-VA x 4.3 Gb
System B processor GE as system A as system A Digital PDP 11/93 (FE)
RAM 16 Kword 4Mb
disks 2 fixed 1 Mbyte 2x130 Mb
System C processor Motorola VME 186 (FE)
RAM 16Mb
disks 2x2 Gb
Emergency processor Digital VAX 6340 (BE)
RAM 128 Mb
disks 5RZ29-VA x4.3 Gb

38
!' Lifetime I

- ‘ "' ' SCADA Lifetime

I The 4 generation shown did not remain

unchanged during their life
I In most cases each generation had 2
major releases and some hardware
upgrading
I Software upgrading, additional
functionality development increased over
time in a non linear way
 SCADA concepts evolution

I Many factors imposed a complete new

approach, among them:
I Increasing size of gas network
I New way of doing business
I More information required in less time
I New technologies available

Lifetime
 As a result

I An integrated Oracle DB was designed to

give birth to a third level in addition to FE
& Be. This level is the interface with other
business applications
I Applications on mainframes dedicated to
dispatching activities will be gradually
abandoned

41
 As a result

I A new modular architecture has been

adopted to
I Reduce maintenance costs
I Speed up changes
I Produce flexible reports and simulations at
user level
I Expand number and type of controlled plants
just adding new Hardware and/or changing
configuration
42
 Conditions required for
Development

I Specific gas business & SCADA experience

I Advanced TLC & ITC technology
I Top management awareness, sponsorship
I INVESTMENTS & Time
I As a consequence two new projects are
well underway
 New Dispatching Centre
Dispatching Concepts
MW

Reduction plant

1t_r
68.000 data items 6.900 data acquisition 30 data acquisition
(Cortemaggiore)
44
Physically Distributed
SCADA system

45