DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC QUICK RETURN

MECHANISM

1
ABSTRACT

The aim of the project is to design and fabrication of the automatic quick
return mechanism .It is a modified form of conventional quick return
mechanism that helps to lift the load using quick return mechanism
frame. Quick return mechanism is a mechanical device used to raise or
otherwise exert a force on an object too heavy to deal with by hand. A
common example is the automobile quick return mechanism, which is
used to elevate the end of a car by a system of ratchets, gears, and screws.

Lifting quick return mechanisms are used for leveling or positioning

heavy equipment, or for supporting structures. Common types of lifting
quick return mechanisms include bottle, inflatable, pallet, ratchet, quick
return mechanism, screw, service or floor, toe, and transmission. A Quick
Return Mechanism is a mechanical assembly to create a reciprocating
motion which is so designed to reduce ideal time required for return
stroke. It is a four bar mechanism comprised of fixed link, crank, pin
sliding in the slot and a sliding pair. Electric motor runs the driving
pinion at a uniform speed. Pinion transmits its motion to gear. Gear has a
pin on its surface which is confined to slide inside slot of crank.

At the point when the gear nears a full revolution, the arm achieves its
farthest position and comes back to its initial position at a faster rate, thus
its name. It has many applications such as Shaper, Power driven saw,
mechanical actuator and many more.

2
CHAPTER - I
INTRODUCTION
Quick Return Mechanism

A quick return motion mechanism is used in the shaper and slotter

machine in which the circular motion is converted into reciprocating
motion so that the slider moves forward and backwards. In the forward
direction, the cutting process occurs while in return there is no such
cutting.

Quick Return Mechanism Types:

There are three types of Quick return mechanism:

1. Whitworth Quick Return mechanism

2. Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism and
3. Hydraulic Drive

3
Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism:

Here the rotary motion is converted into the oscillatory motion. In this

mechanism, the bull gear is used and It has a crank pinion. 

The sliding block slides over the Crankpin and slides inside the slot of a
crank plate and The connecting rod connects the pin at one end and ram
at the other end.

The electric motor shaft drives the pinion and rotates the gear. Now the
bull gear is also rotating along with the crankpin and the sliding block
slides on the slot provided on the crank plate.

So this process makes the ram move up and down by the connecting rod.
Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism Diagram, Learn Mechanical

4
Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism:

This mechanism was invented by Whitworth in the 1800s. The

mechanism consists of a slider, crank, fixed link, slotted lever,
connecting rod and ram.

The crank is connected with the slider and fixed link. When the cranks
start rotating the connecting rod pushes forward and backwards the ram.

Here the motion is being converted into linear motion from rotary

motion.

To understand it clear please see the diagram.

The crank and slotted link mechanism are widely used in shaping
machines like slotter, shaper Machine for producing flat surfaces on the
workpiece. 

The return stroke is much faster then the forward stroke in this
mechanism. Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism Diagram, Learn
Mechanical

5
Hydraulic Drive:

In the hydraulic drive, there is a piston inside the hydraulic cylinder that

reciprocates. The piston rod is connected between ram and piston.
Therefore ram reciprocates with the piston.

In the diagram, you can see there are two entries at the end of the
cylinder. And below a control valve is attached which has four passes.

Two entries from cylinder to control valve and the remaining two are
connected through a reservoir.

Hydraulic Drive Mechanism Diagram, Learn Mechanical

6
Quick Return Mechanism Working Principle:

Quick Return Mechanism Working Principle, Learn Mechanical

7
As you can see in the diagram there are four links and those are Slider,
Crank, Frame, and Slotted Lever. And also it is connected through pair
and those are:

1. Frame and Slotted lever: Turning Pair

2. Now Frame and Crank: Turning Pair
3. Crank and Slider: Turning Pair
4. Now Slider and Slotted lever: Sliding Pair

There are three turning Pairs and one sliding pair. It is also known as
the Inversion of the Single slider crank chain mechanism. The connecting
rod is fixed here.

1. The slider is free and it can slide in the slotted lever and the upper
end of the slotted lever is attached to the ram of the shaper
machine through a linkage.
2. The crank and the slotted lever is fitted to frame at point A and B
respectively.
3.  Through a slider, the crank and slotted lever are connected to each
other.

Now when the power is supplied, the crank starts rotating and the motion
is transmitted to the slider and it is fitted inside the slotted lever therefore
it starts oscillating.

Now ram moving forward and it makes an angle of beta which is noted
and In the return it makes an angle alpha which is also noted.

8
From the diagram you can see that the beta angle is more than the alpha.
So we can say that cutting strokes takes more time than returning strokes.

Applications of Quick Return Mechanism:

These are the following applications of Quick return mechanism:

1. It is used in the shaper Machine for flattening the workpiece.

2. Same used in the Slotter and Planer Machine.
3. It is also used in the Screw press, Mechanical actuator and Rotary
combustion Internal Engine.

9
Advantages of Quick Return Mechanism:

These are the advantages of Quick return mechanism:

1. The process is automated.

2. The construction of the mechanism is not so complicated.
3. It can perform operations like cutting, flattening and slotting the
workpiece.
4. The idle time is reduced because of the fast returning stroke.

10
Disadvantages of Quick Return Mechanism:

Disadvantages of Quick return mechanism are:

1. In the returning stroke, there is no contact with the work so no

cutting takes place hence the process takes much time to complete.
2. The forward stroke takes much time compared to the return stroke.
3. It takes more power to perform operations.
4. There is friction in the slider and Piston.
5. Continuous it won't work because of heat generated inside the
piston and wear and tear can happen.
6. Balancing of linkage is also a major problem as this device is also
linked to linkages.

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1.2 NEED FOR AUTOMATION

Automation can be achieved through computers, pneumatics,

pneumatics, robotics, etc., of these sources, pneumatics form an
attractive medium for low cost automation.
 To achieve mass production
 To reduce manpower
 To increase the efficiency of the plant
 To reduce the work load
 To reduce the production cost
 To reduce the production time
 To reduce the material handling
 To reduce the fatigue of workers
 To achieve good product quality
 Less Maintenance

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CHAPTER - 3

LITERATURE VIEW
Sir Joseph Whitworth is best known in connection with his development of a
rationalised system of screw threads and for the screw threads that bear his name;
British Standard Whitworth (BSW). He proposed this thread system in 1841 and the
relevant British Standard is BS 84: 1956. However, the principal contribution of this
exceptionally talented engineer was his introduction of new standards of accuracy in
manufacturing to a degree previously unknown.[6]
By 1830 a skilled mechanic could be expected to work to an accuracy of only one
sixteenth of an inch but by 1840, thanks to Joseph Whitworth, an accuracy of one ten-
thousandth of an inch was a practical proposition. Subsequently,[7]
Whitworth devised an instrument (a bench micrometer) that could measure to one
millionth of an inch. He also introduced a standard for the flatness of plane surfaces,
which was essential for fine engineering work and for the manufacture of surface
plates used for marking out purposes.[8
] Joseph Whitworth was born in Stockport, Cheshire,
[9]on the 21 December 1803 and he was the son of Charles Whitworth, a
schoolmaster (another source says that he was a Congregational minister), and Sarah.
He was christened on the 8 February 1804 at Church gate Independent on Orchard
Street, Stockport. It is possible that the maiden name of Charles Whitworth's wife was
Sarah Pullan, the couple marrying at Pateley Bridge, Yorkshire, on the 2 August
1795.[16] Joseph Whitworth married twice.
[11]His first wife was Frances Anker and they were married on the 25 February 1825
at Ilkeston, Derbyshire. His second wife, 25 years his younger, was Mary Louisa
Orrell and they were married in 1871 at Westminster, London.[17-20] Joseph
Whitworth only received an elementary education and during this period of his life he
did not distinguish himself. On leaving school he became an indentured apprentice to
an uncle who was a cotton spinner in Derbyshire. This was only a four-year

13
apprenticeship and on completion of this he worked for another four years as a
mechanic in [15]a factory in Manchester.
He then found employment working for Henry Maudsley (1771-1831), inventor of
the screwcutting lathe.[21-25] Maudsley's factory was on Westminster Bridge Road
in[13] London and here he worked alongside other men who were also destined to
become famous engineers, such as James Nasmyth (1808-1890), inventor of the
steam hammer, and Richard Roberts (1789-1864), inventor of a self-acting spinning
mule.[26]

History
The earliest evidence, anywhere in the world, for the crank combined with a
connecting rod in a machine appears in the late Roman[19] Hierapolis sawmill from
the 3rd century AD and two Roman stone sawmills at gerasa, Roman Syria, and
Ephesus,[20] Asia Minor (both 6th century AD).[27] On the pediment of the
Hierapolis mill, a waterwheel fed by a mill race is shown powering via a gear train
two frame saws which cut rectangular blocks by the way of some kind of connecting
rods and, through mechanical necessity, cranks. The accompanying inscription is in
Greek[28]. The crank and connecting rod mechanisms of the other two
archaeologically attested sawmills worked without a gear train. In ancient literature,
there is a reference to the workings of water-powered marble saws close to Trier, now
Germany, by the late 4th century poet Ausonius; about the same time, these mill
types seem also to be indicated by the[29] Christian saint Gregory of Nyssa from
Anatolia, demonstrating a diversified use of waterpower in many parts of the Roman
Empire The three finds push back the date of the invention of the crank and
connecting rod mechanism by a full millennium; for the first time, all essential
components of the much later steam engine were assembled by one technological
culture.[23]

14
CHAPTER - 3
COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

The major components of this project are,

 Spur gear
 Mechanical quick return mechanism frame
 spring
 Base frame

15
spur gear

The spur gear is a cylindrically shaped tooth component that is used in

industrial plants to transmit mechanical movements and to control speed,
power, and torque. These simple gears are inexpensive, durable, reliable,
and provide constant speed positive drive to facilitate day-to-day
industrial operations.

What Is A Spur Gear

Spur gear or straight-cut gears are the simplest types of gear. They
consist of a cylinder or disk with teeth projecting radially. Although the
teeth are not straight, usually having a special shape to achieve a constant
drive ratio that is mainly involute but less often cycloidal, the edge of
each tooth is straight and parallel to the axis of rotation.

16
Spur gears are the most easily visualized common gears that transmit
motion between two parallel and coplanar and teeth that are straight and
parallel to the shafts. Spur gears are one of the most popular types of
precision cylinders.

These gears feature a simple construction of straight, parallel teeth that

are positioned around the circumference of a cylinder body with a central
bore that fits over a shaft.

In many variants, the gear is machined with a hub that thickens the gear
body around the bore without changing the gear surface. The central hole
can also be drilled so that the spur gear fits onto a spline or a keyed shaft.

Because of their shape, they are classified as cylindrical gears. Since the
tooth surfaces of the gears are parallel to the axes of the mounted shafts,
no thrust is generated in the axial direction.

Due to simple manufacturing, these gears can also be manufactured with

a high degree of precision. On the other hand, spur gears have a
disadvantage if the teeth of a spur gear have an involute profile and mesh
one tooth at a time.

The involute shape means that spur gears only generate radial forces and
not axial forces, but the method of tooth combing causes a high load on
the gear teeth and a high level of noise. The gear with more teeth is called
“gear” and the gear with fewer teeth is called “pinion”. For this reason,

17
spur gears are typically used for lower speed applications, although they
can be used at almost any speed.

Types Of Spur Gear

There are two primary types of spur gears as describe below:

1. External gears are gears with teeth cut outside the cylinder. Two
external gears mesh and rotate in opposite directions.
2. Internal gears are gears with teeth cut on the inside of the cylinder.
An external gear sits in the internal gear and the gears rotate in the
same direction. Because the shafts are closer together, internal gear
assemblies are more compact than external gear assemblies.
Internal gears are mainly used for planetary gears.

Internal Gear

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Spur Gear Terminology

The following terms are related to spur gears:

1. Addendum: The height of the tooth projects beyond the pitch

circle.
2. Backlash: The clearance between two mating teeth of separate
gears.
3. Chordal thickness: Tooth thickness measured along a chord that
runs through the points where the pitch circle crosses the tooth
profile.
4. Chordal addendum: The distance between a chord that passes
through the points where the pitch circle crosses the tooth profile
and the tooth tip.

19
5. Base circle: A theoretical circle used to generate the involute curve
when creating tooth profiles.
6. Center distance: The distance between two gears, measured from
the center on the shaft of one gear to the center shaft of the mating
gear. This can be roughly determined by taking the radius of each
spur gear of the spur gears and adding them up.
7. Circular pitch: Measurement of the pitch circle arc length from one
point on a tooth to the same point on the adjacent tooth.
8. Circular thickness: The thickness of the tooth at the pitch circle.
9. Clearance: The space between one gear minor diameter and the
mating gears major diameter.
10.Dedendum: Depth of the tooth between the pitch circle and the
minor diameter. Generally greater than the addendum of the
mating gear to provide clearance.
11.Diametral pitch: Ratio of the number of teeth to the pitch diameter.
12.Fillet: The small radius that connects the tooth profile to the root
circle.
13.Module: The ratio of the reference diameter of the gear divided by
the number of teeth. The module is the metric equivalent to
diametral pitch.
14.Outside diameter: The diameter of the addendum circle of the
circle along with the outermost points of the teeth of a spur gear.
This measurement is the major diameter of the gear.
15.Pinion: The smaller-sized gear in any meshed pair.
16.Pitch circle: The circle is derived from a series of teeth and a
certain diametrical division. The circle in which tooth spacing or

20
 profiles are set from which tooth proportions are created. The
speed of the gear is measured here.
17.Pitch diameter: Is the diameter of the pitch circle. The angular
speed of spur gear is measured here. This is also a critical
component in determining the center distances between mating
spur gears.
18.Pitch point: The point of tangency of the pitch circles of a pair of
mating gears.
19.Pressure angle: The angle at a division point between the pressure
line, which is the line of action, and a line perpendicular to the
centerline. And the plane is tangent to the division surface.
20.Root Diameter: The diameter at the base of the tooth space.
21.Ratio: Ratio of the numbers of teeth on mating gears.
22.Root Circle: The circle that passes through the bottom of the tooth
spaces.
23.Velocity ratio: Ratio of input gear revolutions to output gear
revolutions within a specified amount of time.
24.Whole depth: The height of the tooth from major diameter to the
minor diameter of a gear.
25.Working Depth: The depth to which a tooth extends into the space
between teeth on the mating gear.
Spur Gear Design

Since the teeth are parallel to the shaft axis, spur gears are only used
when the shafts are parallel. The profile of the gear tooth is in the form of

21
an involute curve and remains identical over the entire width of the gear.
Spur gears exert radial loads on the shafts.

The design and construction of a spur gear unit significantly affect its
performance. To do their job effectively and efficiently, they must be
made from high-quality materials and with precise dimensions. The
dimensions of each feature are an integral part of how a particular gear
works.

As such, when an industry professional needs a new spur gear design or

replacement spur gear. It is imperative that you are familiar with the
terms for each transmission part and their respective dimensions to
ensure clarity and accuracy when manufacturing or ordering.

22
Design Procedure of Spur Gear:

 Step 1: – Note down peripheral speed (V= πDN/60) Peripheral

speed will be the same for a gear & pinion o If peripheral speed is
not able to find we can decide any value in between 3 to 15
 Step 2: – Note down the material o for low velocity decide cast
iron & low-grade steel for high-velocity o Note down & BHN
from a given material
 Step 3: – Design transmission load F=1000*P*C/V
 Step 4: – Lewi’s Equation, we need to calculate module from
above equation o First from gear & pinion whichever is having a
small value of for that only we will apply Lewi’s equation. In the
case where the number of teeth is not given
 Y = 0.29(20 degree) Y = 0.35(20degree stup) Y = 0.25(14.5
degree) f = Face width, Lewi’s Equation for Dynamic condition
 Step 5: – Calculate gear tooth properties if asked
 Step 6: – Calculate dynamic load using Buckingham equation  
 Step 7: – Find out a weaker element from gear and pinion
 Step 8: – Calculate the beam strength for a weaker element
 Step 9: – Calculate wear strength (FW)

23
Application Of Spur Gear

Spur gear has a wide range of applications:

 Spur gears are also used to increase or decrease the speed of an

object.
 Spur gears can be used to increase or decrease the torque or power
of a specific object.
 Spur gears are used to transfer motion and force from one shaft to
another in a mechanical structure. For this purpose, spur gears are
used in washing machines, mixers, tumble dryers, construction
machinery, fuel pumps, and mills.
 In power plants, so-called “trains” of spur gears are used to convert
a form of energy such as wind or water power into electrical
energy.
 Spur gears are widely used in aircraft engines, trains, bicycles, ball
mills, and crushers where noise is not an issue.
 Some of the typical industrial applications include gearboxes,
conveyor systems, speed reducers, motors, mechanical transport
systems, gear pumps, motors, and machining tools.

24
Advantages Of Spur Gear

The Spur gear has various Advantages:

 Simplicity: Spur gears have a simple, compact design that makes

them easy to construct and install even in confined or cramped
spaces.
 Constant Speed Drive: These gears increase or decrease the shaft
speed with high precision at a constant speed.
 Reliability: Spur gears are unlikely to slip during operation and
there is a risk of premature failure.
 Cost Efficiency: The simplicity of their design allows for greater
manufacturability, making them more cost-effective to
manufacture and purchase.
 Efficiency: Spur gear systems have a power transmission
efficiency between 95% and 99% and can transmit large amounts
of power with minimal power loss over several gears.
 These gears are suitable for drive systems because they have
higher power transmission efficiency.
 A spur gear is built with teeth that are straight and parallel to the
axis of the gear. Eliminate axial thrust problems when installing
ball bearings.
 Spur gears are more efficient than helical gears of the same size.
 They are very reliable and offer a constant speed.
 Spur gears are also considered a member of the positive gear
because they have no slip.

25
 2. Helical spring

A coil spring, also known as a helical spring, is a mechanical

device, which is typically used to store energy due to resilience and
subsequently release it, to absorb shock, or to maintain a force between
contacting surfaces. They are made of an elastic material formed into the
shape of a helix which returns to its natural length when unloaded.

26
 One type of coil spring is a torsion spring: the material of the
spring acts in torsion when the spring is compressed or extended. The
quality of spring is judged from the energy it can absorb.

The spring which is capable of absorbing the greatest amount of

energy for the given stress is the best one. Metal coil springs are made by
winding a wire around a shaped former - a cylinder is used to form
cylindrical coil springs.

27
Lever Mechanism 

Crank and Slotted Lever Mechanism is a type of single slider crank

chain mechanism inversion and four-bar mechanism. Crank and Slotted
Lever Mechanism is one of the two types of Quick Return
Mechanism (whereas; the Whitworth mechanism is another type of quick
return mechanism). Crank and Slotted Lever Mechanism is also
called Crank and Slotted Quick Return Mechanism. 

Every machine and machine tool works with a principle to perform the a

specified action. Few actions are reciprocating and few are rotary type,
which sourced by Electrical Motor. As we know that the quick return
mechanism is a type of mechanism, where the return stroke of the ram is
quicker than the forward stroke. So, this type of mechanisms (Crank And
Slotted Lever, Whitworth Quick Return Mechanisms) will be used to
convert the rotary motion of the Motors into required action and
operation.

What can you learn from this post?

 Parts of Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism

 Working of Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism
 Advantages of Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism
 Application Of Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism
 Conclusion

28
Parts of Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism:
The parts of the crank and slotted lever mechanism are limited. Its
construction is simple and plays an important role too. The crank and
slotted lever mechanism do consists of four links and pairs because it is a
single slider crank chain. Three of the four pairs are turning pairs, and the
remaining one is a sliding pair. A typical crank and slotted mechanism do
consists of the following parts.

 Ram or Lever: It is the sliding pair that moves in to and fro motion.

 Crank: The Crank is the rotary part (turning pair) that will help the
whole construction to convert the rotary motion of gear into the
sliding motion of the ram.
 Gear: The gear is the rotary part (one of the turning pair) that is
connected to the motor. (the source)
 Slotted Bar: The slotted bar is one of the three turning pairs, where
it is connected to the gear. It is the connector between gear and
crank that helps to convert the rotary motion of the gear into
sliding motion with the help of its to and fro motion.

Also Read

 Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism – Whitworth Mechanism

Working, and Advantages
 Basic Concepts of Theory Of Machines

29
Working Of The Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism:

The working of the crank and slotted lever mechanism looks the same as
the Whitworth mechanism. The crank and slotted mechanism do work
with the help of a motor. The gear is connected to the Motor; as the
motor rotates, the gear will rotate. The slotted bar is connected to the gear
with the help of a slot. The slotted bar will move in to and fro motion due
to the rotation of the gear. The slotted bar movement will make an angle
of alpha as shown below.

30
As the slotted bar turns, the crank will rotate and helps the ram to achieve
the sliding movement.

Advantages of Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism:

The advantages of crank and slotted lever mechanism are as follows

 Crank and Slotted Mechanism is used to converting the rotary

motion of the motor to the reciprocating motion.
 The construction is very simple and even the operating process is
easy.
 No need for high maintenance costs.
 The working of the crank and slotted mechanism is also simple.

Application Of Crank And Slotted Lever Mechanism:

 The main application of the crank and slotted lever mechanism can
be seen in Shaper Machine. To understand the crank and slotted
mechanism let us elaborate the Shaper internal mechanism. (Read
about the Shaper).

31
The shaper consists a tool that fixed to a Ram (which is a slider link); we
can say that the ram is the part that will machine the workpiece. But the
internal mechanism that allows the ram to move is the Crank and Slotted
Lever Quick Return Mechanism. A gear is connected to the motor; the
connecting rod and crank will turn in a way to achieve the sliding motion
of the ram.

In the quick return mechanism (whether crank and slotted or Whitworth),

the backward movement of the ram is faster than the forward movement
of the ram. Forward Movement is slower because the slow machining
will give good finishing. The machining time of the crank and slotted
lever mechanism can be taken as the ratio of time of cutting stroke (or
forward stroke) to the time of return stroke (or backward stroke).

 Crank and Slotted Lever Mechanism is used in Slotting

machines for performing the slots on the workpiece.
 In addition to these, the application of crank and slotted lever
mechanism in rotary type internal combustion engines also plays
an important role.

32
33
CHAPTER - 4

BLOCK DIAGRAM (PNEUMATIC OPERATED QUICK RETURN

MECHANISM)

SHAFT HANDLE

Power To Front
Wheel

SPUR GEAR

QUICK PLATFORM
RETURN
MECHANISM

OPERATION

34
CHAPTER - 5

WORKING PRINCIPLE

A Quick Return Mechanism is a mechanical assembly to create a

reciprocating motion which is so designed to reduce ideal time required
for return stroke. It is a four bar mechanism comprised of fixed link,
crank, pin sliding in the slot and a sliding pair. Electric motor runs the
driving pinion at a uniform speed. Pinion transmits its motion to gear.
Gear has a pin on its surface which is confined to slide inside slot of
crank.

At the point when the gear nears a full revolution, the arm achieves its
farthest position and comes back to its initial position at a faster rate, thus
its name. It has many applications such as Shaper, Power driven saw,
mechanical actuator and many more.

35
CHAPTER - 6

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
 It requires simple maintenance areas.
 The moving parts of this system are cooled by the oil itself used.
Thus this project does not require any cooling arrangements.
 The loaded light vehicles can be easily quick return mechanized.
 Checking and cleaning are easy, because of the main parts are
screwed.
 Handling is easy.
 Manual power not required for quick return mechanizing the vehicle.
 Repairing is easy.
 Replacement of parts is easy.
 No oil wastage.

36
DISADVANTAGES
 Initial cost is high.
 High maintenance cost.

APPLICATIONS

 It is very much useful for car Owners and Auto – garages. This
electro-pneumatic system for automobiles is used for quick return
mechanizing / braking the vehicles.
 Industrial applications
 Thus, it can be useful for the following types of vehicles;
1. MARUTI,
2. AMBASSADOR,
3. FIAT
4. MAHINDRA,
5. TATA
6. FORD

37
CHAPTER - 7
CONCLUSION

This project work has provided us an excellent opportunity and

experience, to use our limited knowledge. We gained a lot of practical
knowledge regarding, planning, purchasing, assembling and machining
while doing this project work. We feel that the project work is a good
solution to bridge the gates between institution and industries.

We are proud that we have completed the work with the limited
time successfully. “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF QUICK
RETURN MECHANISMING” is working with satisfactory conditions.
We are able to understand the difficulties in maintaining the tolerances
and also quality. We have done to our ability and skill making maximum
use of available facilities.

In conclusion remarks of our project work, let us add a few more

lines about our impression project work.

Thus we have developed an “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

OR QUICK RETURN MECHANISMING” which helps to know how to
achieve low cost automation. The operating procedure of this system is
very simple, so any person can operate. This project is a two in one for
Quick return mechanizing also.

By using more techniques, they can be modified and developed

according to the applications.

38
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Web Site : www.maritime.org

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