Physical Education 121 Rhythmic Activities

UNIT 1 - RHYTHM

INTRODUCTION

This unit is intended to educate students about the value of rhythmic

activities, their role in developing nationalism, and the importance of preserving our
cultural heritage. It will enable students to develop their self-expression through
dance interpretation, movement creation, and performance. Combinations of physical
movements and sounds, beats, or music are referred to as rhythmic activities.
Rhythmic activities rely on a direct or indirect rhythm for self-expression, exercise,
physical ability demonstration, socialization, and cultural expression.

Course Learning Outcomes:

 Recognize the basic symbols of music notation and the rhythm they represent to
use the body effectively as an instrument for performance.
 Analyze the classifications according to their elements and qualities to work and
practice of movement skills and appropriate steps.

LESSON 1: RHYTHM
Intended Learning Outcomes:
1. Determine the beats per measure that correspond to a specific note and
rest.
2. Create rhythmic patterns in different time signatures.
3. Interpret a rhythmic pattern.
4. Conduct musical pieces in a specific time signature.

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LET’S GET STARTED! (Diagnostic Test-Activity)

Before you start your journey in this module, let us try to assess what you
know about rhythm. At this time, we will try to find out if you have substantial
knowledge as we go along with your fundamentals of rhythm.
What to do: Create a musical staff with the aid of musical symbols inside the box.
Put them in the right place.

LET’S THINK! (Analysis)

What to do: Answer the question and write your answer on the space provided
below.

Question: Based on your responses to the previous activity, as a student, how will
you identify the crucial roles of rhythm in your daily life - mentally, physically, and
spiritually? Provide an answer in the form of a diagram. Explain and justify your
answer.

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LET’S DISCUSS! (Abstraction)

Rhythm is a concept that describes an aspect of a movement's quality.

Structured forms that start with spontaneous rhythmic movements emerge into
choreography.

Rhythmic activities are a person's response to the rhythm which conveys

his emotions. Each individual creates rhythm through foot-tapping, head movement,
and body swinging as the music plays throughout nature. In other words, the body
moves in response to a physical stimulus or as a platform to express thoughts and
feelings. In the conduct of these rhythmic activities, the fundamental principles of
time, space, and force are observed.

FUNDAMENTAL RHYTHMS

The best way to facilitate movement improvisation and interpretation of

creative dance works is to have a firm grasp of the fundamentals of rhythm. They are
bolstered by understanding rhythm's various elements, including the underlying beat
or pulse beat, measure, rhythmic pattern, phrasing, accent, tempo, and intensity.

 Note Types, Rests, and Note Values

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Note: Whenever a dot (.) is placed after a note, the duration of the note is increased
by one-half of its original value.

Click the video links for reference:

https://youtu.be/GLALJazIys0
https://youtu.be/Tt60aFmaYUM
https://youtu.be/sdiWQCCKhqw

 Time Signature is a symbol inserted at the beginning of a piece of music that

specifies the number and value of beats contained within a bar.

These are the time signatures commonly used in a dance:

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 Bar or Measure (They are associated!)

Consider a measure to be a container for a specified number of beats. Perhaps you

have heard bands begin songs with the drummer yelling "1, 2, 3, 4!" This is because
their container contains four beats – and the drummer counting in provides the band
with an entire measure to prepare.

If you are learning to read music, the following is how measures appear:

 Note Patterns and System of Counting

Count (ct.) or counting is a method of fairly frequent sounds that helps in the
performance or audition of music by making the beat simple to identify.

Examples of note patterns and counting:

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Click the video links for reference:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r85xtylCxXM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rf9sHRY9D1U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1KLvKf_zHg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvhjVZpQwh8
Practice Task : Clap out the given note patterns and counting above

 Rhythmic Pattern is a precise grouping of sounds or beats that is connected to

the underlying rhythm. It is also referred to as the melody pattern, given that the
rhythmic pattern intently follows the word or melody.

Examples of rhythmic patterns in different time signatures:

 A musical phrase is a set of measures that creates a sense of unity. It is used

to refer to an idea or a thought. In dance rhythms, ideas are established through
phrase-based groupings of movements. At the end of the phrase, a change in
the direction of movement may occur.

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 Accent is the level of force or emphasis applied to any beat in a measure's

series of pulse beats. Accent's symbol is ≤.

 Tempo refers to the speed at which the movements, music, or accompaniment

occur. It can be rapid, moderate, or gradual.

 Intensity refers to the manner in which movements or music are produced. It is

used to describe a dynamic or a force, such as heavy or light.

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LESSON 2: MOVEMENT AND SPACE

Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. Determine the elements of movement and space.
2. Understand the concept of movement qualities.
3. Create rhythmic movements utilizing the different elements and qualities of
movement and space.
4. Execute rhythmic movements utilizing the different elements and qualities
of movement and space.

LET’S GET STARTED! (Pre-test Activity)

Let us get your head moving with a brain teaser using a word puzzle called
"GALAW-GALAW" before you proceed to a different topic.

What to do: Find the hidden words in the puzzle. Mark your answer by drawing a line
on each word and write your answers in the table provided next to the word puzzle.

LET’S THINK! (Analysis)

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What to do: Write your answer on the space provided below.

Imagine yourself being paralyzed and not able to move your body. You would be
helpless, ineffective, and lost.

Movement is the alteration of one's position in space. This is governed by

mechanical principles, which limit our ability to move effectively and efficiently. Now
try to analyze the three factors that affect movement - Psychological,
Physiological, and Sociological. Explain and justify your answer.

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LET’S DISCUSS! (Abstraction)

ELEMENTS OF MOVEMENT AND SPACE

The elements of movement and space and their qualities, along with the
elements of rhythm (covered in the first module), are regarded as crucial for
competency and efficiency in body movements. These make it easier to improvise
movements and comprehend creative works; leading to the learning of dances.

The direction, level, range, and pattern of the floor are all spatial features that
affect movements.

1. Direction is the line of movement which may be forward, backward, sideward,

diagonal, upward, or a combination of those mentioned.

Movements:
Walk in place, forward and backward
Run forward. Jump backward.

2. Level is a term that refers to movement across space at a high, low, or medium
level.
Movements:
Walk on tiptoe, with knees half-bent, with knees fully bent.
Run with a more significant elevation from the floor.

3. Range is a term that refers to the area covered by the body as it moves. It can
be minor, as when moving within one's place, or major, as when moving away
from one's place.
Movements:
Walk with steps shorter or longer than natural.
Run with steps shorter or longer than natural.

4. Floor pattern refers to the path or design on the floor that is made while moving
in space is what is termed a floor pattern. It may take the form of a circle, square,
straight line, or gazing.

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Movements:
To the original place, take four walking steps, each forward; sideward
R; backward; sideward L.
Move forward in a circle clockwise with R arm raised at the side and L
hand on the waist in 8 counts; turnabout and move counterclockwise
in a circle with reverse arm/hand position in 8 counts.

Click the video link for reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_KyHsqGqkE

Every movement occurs in space. Personal space and general space are the two
types of space occupation.

1. Personal space is the maximum space available to a person in a stationary

position. This covers the space that can be reached through bending, stretching,
and twisting.
2. General space is the area in which one or more people are moving in a space
such as a gymnasium, a swimming pool, a school, a ballroom, or a plaza.

MOVEMENT QUALITIES
Movement expression is attained through the elements of time, force, and
space.
1. TIME QUALITIES are applied as both musical and dance elements (beat, tempo,
speed, rhythm, sudden, slow, sustained)
 Movement which is fast
Examples: running vehicle
galloping horse

 Movement which is slow

Examples: plant growing
turtle

2. FORCE QUALITIES are applied to dance to accentuate the weight, attack,

strength, and flow of a dancer’s movement (sharp, strong, light, heavy, bound, free-
flow).
 Soft light movement
Examples: fairies

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birds and butterflies

 Strong heavy movement
Examples: elephant
Bulldozer
3. SPACE QUALITIES refer to the space through which the dancer’s body moves
(general or personal space, level, size, direction, pathway, focus).
 Movement up and down
Examples: bouncing ball
yo-yo
 Movement across, back and forth, or around
Examples: rowing boat
a merry-go-round
 Movement which is low
Examples: ants
turles
 Movement which is high
Examples: kites, clouds

Click the video link for reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCcSIHKajjo

Formations commonly used in Rhythmic Activities:

1. A single circle, moving clockwise/counterclockwise.

2. A single circle, partners facing each other.
3. A double circle, moving clockwise/counterclockwise.
4. A square or quadrille formation.
5. A semi-circle or half-moon formation.
6. Long open formation.

Click the video link for reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-UCs7SheE8

References:

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Books

Andin, C., Miñas P. (2004). Dance Education in the School Curriculum. ISBN: 971-
23-3910-6.
Briggs, M., (1996). Movement Education – the placement movement.
Rivadelo R. (2005). Fundamentals of Music. ISBN: 971-08-2923-8.
Andin, Carmen T. et.al. (2008). Dance Education in the School Curriculum. ISBN:
971-23-3910-6
Balagtas, Jo-Ann, et.al. (2012). Physical Education 2 Rhythmic Activities. ISBN:
978- 971-0161-07-2
Janson, Mila C. (2010). Physical Education II (Beginner’s Dance Book). ISBN: 978-
971-821-194-6
Keller, Van Winkle. (2004). The Dance of Modern Society. Oakley Mason & Co.
Tulio, Doris A. (2010). Physical Education 2 for College. ISBN: 971-08-6829-1
26th National Folkdance Workshop, A Classic Collection of Philippine Folk
Dance, 2006
National Folk Dance Workshop, SAYAW: Dances of the Philippine Islands,
Vol.1
Aquino, Francisca R. Compilation of Philippine Folk Dances, Vol. 1-4

Internet

https://trainer.thetamusic.com/en/content/rhythm-patterns.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
315866296_Types_of_Dance_Steps_and_Positions.

https://www.ndca.org/pdf/Holds%20and%20Positions.pdf.

https://www.ballethispanico.org/images/Elements%20of%20Dance.pdf

http://nickledimepenny.blogspot.com/2011/09/carinosa-national-dance-of-
philippines.html

https://thinkingdance.net/articles/2020/10/29/Birds-of-a-Feather

https://www.filipinoo.xyz/2018/11/maglalatik-philippine-folk-dance.html

http://philippine-folk-dance.blogspot.com/2010/05/singkil.html

https://danceask.net/itik-itik-dance-philippines/

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https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/tinikling-the-national-dance-of-the-
philippines-with-bamboo-poles/

https://maaari.co/blogs/news/banga-a-balancing-act

Cohen-Stratyner, B. (2016, June 10). ballroom dance. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/art/ballroom-dance

http://www.cmubdc.org/competitions/attire/shoes

https://dubaidance.com/blog/male-dress-code-for-ballroom-dancing

https://dubidance.com/blog/female-dress-code-for-ballroom-dancing

https://www.liveabout.com/ballroom-dances-basics-1007205

https://www.ballroomdanceplanet.com/ballroom-dance-terminologies-to-learn-as-
beginners/

http://www.cmubdc.org/competitions/attire/shoes

http://www.cmubdc.org/competitions/attire#:~:text=For%20Standard%2C%20wear%
20a%20long,look%20good%20on%20the%20floor.

https://blog.oup.com/2017/04/origins-ballroom-dance-styles/

https://www.adanceplace.com/hip-hop-dance-history/

https://www.steezy.co/posts/what-is-hip-hop-dance

https://www.learntodance.com/hip-hop-dance-moves/

https://www.masterclass.com/articles/hip-hop-dance-explained#5-hip-hop-dance-
styles

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNwbmY1-KQE
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrALQPaaOWE.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r85xtylCxXM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rf9sHRY9D1U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1KLvKf_zHg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvhjVZpQwh8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLALJazIys0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdiWQCCKhqw
https://youtu.be/Tt60aFmaYUM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_KyHsqGqkE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCcSIHKajjo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMYG9jRoEsQ

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-zd4Lpv6dQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xu3wg4A2DUg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKvzMbC7QOc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzsR9Wymmyc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2HQlcne460
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ul0IHt_PtNk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e06RiXgIDlU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFLeRIbZ1gU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW332bDXKkY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jTIbKYP4b8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIN9HHeHz5s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l63BK9Pbt1s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RymfqxeJOvs&t=2s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ha5lqezhv8A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRrNgMyWvNA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJyL9GOhu6c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUTEw6efDY8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwTB4cpD5XM
https://youtu.be/oTuoICsmdH0
https://youtu.be/o78LNQFb1JA
https://youtu.be/nHgJgGsanrg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXqgNhrJzv4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6ViN4RPM0c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8lIY_wAlAw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJIvlTR2HDI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQkV996Gns8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08eXrO9s4Nk
https://youtu.be/NXSZKsheZAI
https://youtu.be/i6rnkoQGC4Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXSZKsheZAI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq90G8Jt4xU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0p2YnFPTijU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1tDen1HScw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjcWXpvA5e8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CimlZ1Vaqzc&t=75s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWsGcmgkgr4

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBKTN6c_MEQ&t=100s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSTPuzGhhQM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQl2tBdZlZc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CimlZ1Vaqzc.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBKTN6c_MEQ.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjcWXpvA5e8.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsOhFJ4YNJw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aL2DvozMSQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvbYzMbNuLo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4jXQmXnvzo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3z7eDIIcUQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31kgNdQVrVg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpuD3x90dXw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-9RWQc4tzE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ELZx9NE7r0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lrINh3JetY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGm6v9-1ZBU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRxkDZinWgU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfkgoZbVL98
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5DqbtggqDk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeHvLLI-pYE
https://youtu.be/fiDNaiLwtMw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eg-3ybiL6UI

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