11-05-2022

11-MAY-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 11th May 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 Previous Year Question Discussion @ beginning of the video

2 ‘Minority’ tag: Centre’s U-turn irks SC 1,10 12 1,10 1,10 1,8

3 ‘Debt norms cloud States’ borrowings’ 14 16 14 14 12

4 Control inflation by acting on liquidity (Editorial) 8 10 6 8 6

5 Govt. notifies top sporting events 10 12 10 10 8

6 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
7 Mains Practice Question
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

1
 11-05-2022

Nitrogen

• Essential, fundamental building block for life.

• Most plentiful element in the earth’s atmosphere.

• Unusable by majority of living organisms in its molecular form N2.

• Transformed to other forms to be used by

organisms - “reactive nitrogen”.

 Oxides of nitrogen - Nitric oxide (NO),

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Nitrous oxide (N2O).

 Anions - Nitrate (NO3) and Nitrite.

 Amine derivatives - Ammonia (NH3), Ammonium salts & Urea (CH4N2O).

• Uses - essential nutrient element of plants - absorbed as Nitrate or

Nitrogen dioxide or Ammonium (NH4+).

Ammonia

• Air pollutant - damaging impact on biodiversity and human health.

• Major sources:

 Naturally generated by
microorganisms while
decomposing organic matter.

 Agriculture and farming

activities - housing of livestock,
storage and spreading of
manure/slurries and application
of fertiliser.

 Generated due to feces/urine of

pigs/cattle and uric acid of
poultry manure.

2
 11-05-2022

Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, N2O)

• Lightning & ultraviolet radiation provides energy to convert nitrogen to nitrogen oxides.

• Impacts of higher concentrations of NO2:

 Damages leaves and retards the rate of photosynthesis.

 Lung irritant - acute respiratory

disease in children.

 Toxic to living tissues.

 Harmful to various textile

fibres/metals.

• Sources of NO2 - industrial combustions, forest fires, automobile exhausts and power-generating
stations.

• Sources of Nitrous oxide - storage and treatment of the animal waste.

3
 11-05-2022

Pg: 1, 10 – C, D, H;
Pg: 12 – B;
Pg: 1, 8 - T

Minority

Constitution
• Notified minorities
• Does not define minority.
 Muslims
• Term mentioned in Art 29 and Art 30.
 Christians
• Grants protection to religious and linguistic
 Sikhs
minority.
 Buddhists
National Commission for Minority Act, 1992
 Zoroastrians (Parsis)
• Does not define minority.
 Jains - notified in 2014
• Section 2(c) - empowers Centre to notify
minorities.

4
 11-05-2022

Census 2011

• Percentage of minorities:

 19.3% of the total population.

Notification of Minorities
 Muslims - 14.2%  Buddhists 0.7%
• Decision of Central government under the
 Christians - 2.3%  Jains - 0.4%
National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992.
 Sikhs - 1.7%  Parsis - 0.006%
 Notified under Section 2 (c).
United Nations

• Minorities - Any group or community socially,

politically and economically non-dominant and
inferior in population.

News
Status of States
• Centre told SC - States can decide minority
• States do not maintain separate list of
status.
minorities.
• PIL:
 Exception - Maharashtra (Jews).
 Majority communities in certain states -
• States notifying minorities - constitutionally
regarded as minorities.
valid.
 Minorities in these states - followers of
 Identification of the minority community -
Hinduism, Judaism, and Bahaism .
Concurrent list.
 Minorities denied benefits.

5
 11-05-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements about
Minorities in India:
1. The parameters to identify minorities
in India are given by the Constitution
of India.
2. Identification of minorities is a State
subject.
Which of the above statements is/are
incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Pg: 14 – C, D, H;
Pg: 16 – B;
Pg: 12 - T

6
 11-05-2022

Off-Budget Borrowing:

Fiscal deficit: • Extra budget borrowing.

• Important part in Union Budget. • Loans taken by pubic institution on the

directions of Centre.
• Level of borrowings by the Union government
-Indicates the financial health of an economy. • Not included in the national fiscal deficit.

• Important to restrict - affects credit • Helps to keep fiscal deficit within acceptable

ratings. limits.

• Means to restrict - Off-budget borrowings. • Observation of CAG Report, 2019 - Puts major
sources of funds outside the control of
 Not included in FD.
Parliament.

• Financed through government owned or Govt.

controlled PSE.

• Means - through market borrowings. Major entities that borrowed

Examples • Food Corporation of India.

• Food subsidy - Budget 2020-21 - Govt paid only • National Highway Authority of India.

half to FCI. • National Bank for Agriculture and Rural

 Remaining funded through loan from the National Development.

Small Savings Fund. • Housing and Urban Development

• Public sector oil companies - paid for subsidised Corporation.

gas cylinders for Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana. • Rural Electrification Corporation.

• Public sector banks - paid shortfall in fertiliser

subsidy.

7
 11-05-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Which of the following statements is
correct with reference to the Off-Budget
borrowings?
a) Borrowings of Central government
that are not included in the Budget
document.
b) Borrowings of the state government
that are not included in the State
Budget document.
c) Borrowings of public sector entities to
fulfil the government’s expenditure
needs.
d) Both (a) & (b)

Pg: 8 – C, H;
Pg: 6 – D, T;
Pg: 10 - B

8
 11-05-2022

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
 Current events of national and international importance.
 Economic and Social Development - Sustainable
Development, Poverty, Inclusion,
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-IV
General Studies‐ III: Technology, Economic Development,
Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster
Management.
 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning,
mobilization, of resources, growth, development and
employment..

Inflation in India

• CPI inflation in India - 6.95% in March

2022.

• October 2 020 - Inflation hit a peak of

7.61%

 Came down after December 2020 and

started rising from January 2022.

Inflation – CPI in %
8
7
6
5
4
3 Source: https://www.mospi.gov.in/
2
1
0
Nov-20
Dec-20
Jan-21

Apr-21
May-21
Jun-21
Jul-21
Aug-21

Nov-21
Dec-21
Jan-22
Oct-20

Feb-21
Mar-21

Sep-21
Oct-21

Feb-22
Mar-22

9
 11-05-2022

Keynesian economics

• Focuses on using active government policy.

• Central bank’s monetary policy - • Increased government expenditures.

Mandate to maintain annual CPI at
• Lower taxes.
4%
• Manage aggregate demand.
• Author - policymakers cannot ignore
other price indices. • Address or Prevent economic recessions.

• COVID-19 - major concern of • Applicability of Keynesian concept in India - cannot be

policymakers all over the world was termed a failure.

to revive demand - Keynesian

economics.

Controlling Inflation

• Policymakers focus almost exclusively on the

increases in the prices of individual
commodities.
Conclusion
E.g. Crude oil
• Moderate level if inflation is good - boosts
• But there is not a single reason. economic growth.

• Inflation in India not just ‘cost-push’. • High inflation - hinders growth.

• Abundance of liquidity is an important factor.

• Without efforts to curtail liquidity - Inflation

will not come down.

10
 11-05-2022

Practice Question – Mains

GS – III
Q. What are the factors responsible for the
high rate of inflation in the Indian
economy in recent months. Suggest
measures to control inflation.
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

Pg: 10 – C, D, H;
Pg: 12 – B;
Pg: 8 - T

11
 11-05-2022

Sports Broadcasting Signals (Mandatory

Sharing with Prasar Bharati) Act

• Existence - 2007

• To provide access to sporting events of Sporting events of national importance

national importance on a free to air • All Olympics Games

basis.
• Commonwealth Games
Sporting events of national importance
• Asian Games
• National or international sporting events.

• Held in India or abroad.

• Notified by the Central Government.

Cricket
1. All official One-Day, Twenty-20 and Test matches
played by the Indian Men’s and Women’s Cricket
Team and all International Cricket Council Test
matches featuring India;
2. Semi-finals and finals of International Cricket
Council Men’s and Women’s One-Day International
World Cup;
3. Semi-finals and finals of International Cricket
Council Men’s and Women’s Twenty-20 World Cup;
4. All Semi-finals and finals of International Cricket
Council Champions Trophy (One Day);
5. All Semi-finals and finals of International Cricket
Council World Test Championship;
6. Semi-finals and finals of International Cricket
Council Men’s and Women’s Asia Cup (Twenty -20 and
One-Day International);
7. India playing matches, Semi-finals and finals of
Under-19 World Cup.

12
 11-05-2022

Tennis
1. Davis Cup-All matches featuring India;
2. Grand Slam Tournaments,-Finals of
Men’s Singles, Women’s Singles and all
matches featuring Indian player from
quarter-finals onwards;
3. Grand Slam Tournaments, - All such
matches featuring Indian player in
men’s doubles, Women’s doubles or
Mixed doubles from quarter-finals
onwards.

Hockey
1. World Cup – All matches featuring India
and semi-finals and finals;
2. Champions Trophy – All matches featuring
India and finals;
3. Indira Gandhi Gold Cup for Women-Semi-
finals and finals;
4. Hockey India Sub-Junior National
Championship and Hockey India Academy
National Championship;
5. Hockey Men’s Junior Men World Cup*;
6. Sultan Azlan Shah Cup- All matches
featuring India, Semi-finals and finals;
7. International Hockey Federation (FIH) -
Hockey Pro League matches.

13
 11-05-2022

Football
1. World Cup – Opening match, Quarter
finals, Semi-finals and finals;
2. Asia Cup – All matches featuring India
and semi-finals and finals;
3. Santosh Trophy – Semi-finals and finals;
4. Asian Women’s Football Cup*;
5. Under-17 Federation Internationale de
Football Association Women’s World
Cup*; and
6. World Cup (Under - 17) – Opening match,
Quarter finals, Semi-finals and finals.

Badminton Kabaddi
1. All England Open Badminton Championship –
All matches featuring Indian players, 1. World Cup – All matches featuring India,
Semifinals and finals; semi-finals and finals.
2. Badminton World Federation World Cup
Championship – All matches featuring Indian
players, semi-finals and finals.

14
 11-05-2022

Khelo India Games

1. Khelo India Games; Other events

2. Khelo India School Games; 1. International Shooting Sport Federation

3. Khelo India Youth Games; World Cup Event

4. Khelo India University Games; 2. Commonwealth Shooting Championship

5. Khelo India Games for differently
abled persons; 3. Commonwealth Archery Championship

6. Khelo India Games for Indigenous 4. International events organized by National

Sports; Sports Federations recognized by the
7. Khelo India Winter Games. Government of India

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements about
Sporting events of national importance:
1. It includes only the sporting events
that are held in India or hosted by
India.
2. The list of sporting events of national
importance is notified by the Central
Government.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

15
 11-05-2022

Previous Year Question – Prelims 2019

Q1. Consider the following statements:
1. Agricultural soils release nitrogen oxides
into environment.
2. Cattle release ammonia into
environment.
3. Poultry industry releases reactive
nitrogen compounds into environment.
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

16
 11-05-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Q2. Consider the following statements
about Minorities in India:
1. The parameters to identify minorities
in India are given by the Constitution
of India.
2. Identification of minorities is a State
subject.
Which of the above statements is/are
incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Practice Question – Prelims

Q3. Which of the following statements is
correct with reference to the Off-Budget
borrowings?
a) Borrowings of Central government
that are not included in the Budget
document.
b) Borrowings of the state government
that are not included in the State
Budget document.
c) Borrowings of public sector entities to
fulfil the government’s expenditure
needs.
d) Both (a) & (b)

17
 11-05-2022

Practice Question – Prelims

Q4.Consider the following statements about
Sporting events of national importance:
1. It includes only the sporting events
that are held in India or hosted by
India.
2. The list of sporting events of national
importance is notified by the Central
Government.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Practice Question – Prelims

Answers

Q1. Option (d) – 1, 2 and 3

Q2. Option (c) – Both 1 and 2
Q3. Option (c) – Borrowings of
public sector entities to fulfil
the government’s
expenditure needs.
Q4. Option (b) – 2 only

18
 11-05-2022

Practice Question – Mains

GS – III
Q. What are the factors responsible for the
high rate of inflation in the Indian
economy in recent months. Suggest
measures to control inflation.
(150 Words, 10 Marks)

19