L.J.

Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

Subject Name: PETROLEUM REFINING AND PETROCHEMICALS

Subject Code: 3160510
Faculty: Ms. Riya B Patel

PETROLEUM REFINING
Sr. CHAPTER NO- 1:Basics of Petroleum Marks
No
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define: (i)Sour crude.(ii)API gravity (Nov-2017) (180502) [LJIET] 01
2. Give expression for API Gravity. Write expression for a blend. (Nov-2017) (180502) 01
[LJIET]
3. Give expression of UOP characterization factor. Write expression for a mixture of 01
component. (Nov -2017) (180502) [LJIET]
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the origin and formation of petroleum along with organic theories. (Oct -2012, Oct- 07
2016) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
State and explain evidence in favour of biogenic origin of crude oil. (April 2017) (180502) 07
[LJIET]
OR
Discuss the origin and formation of petroleum along with Organic (Nov-2021) (2180502)
[LJIET] 07
OR
Explain in brief occurrence of crude oil. (May-2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
2. Discuss in brief about the organic theories for formation of crude oil. (Jan-2021) (2180502)
03
[LJIET]
3. State different types of hydrocarbon present in crude oil with examples and important
properties for each of them. Justify the organic theory of petroleum origin with evidence. 07
(Dec- 2015) (180502) [LJIET]
4. Give classification of crude oil. (May-2018, Nov-2018, Nov-2019, Oct-2020) (2180502)
03
[LJIET]
5. Write down the composition of crude oil. (May-2019, Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03,04
6. Discuss the composition of Petroleum and general properties of homologous series. (May-
07
2014) [LJIET]
7. Write and discuss the role and significance of impurities like Sulfur, Oxygen and Nitrogen
present in the crude oil. (May- 2012) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss various sulfur and nitrogen compounds present in crude oil stating their adverse
effects. (April 2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Define and classify crude. Discuss composition of crude oil with reference to sulphur and
nitrogen. (May- 2015) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Enlist the types of petroleum crude. Discuss different sulfur and nitrogen compounds and
their effects on crude. (Dec- 2015) (180502) [LJIET]
8. Define: Petroleum, Paraffins and Diolefins. (Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
9. Write short note on oil fields and refineries in India. (May- 2015) (180502) (May-2018, 04, 07
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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

Nov-2018, Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]

10. List major Petrochemical units in India (Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
11. Discuss in brief: Role of crude oil in global economy. (Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
12. Discuss the evaluation of crude petroleum by different method. (May- 2016) (180502)
07
[LJIET]
13. Explain the term evaluation of petroleum crude. Discuss the composition and distillation
07
characteristics of petroleum crude. (Oct- 2012, Oct- 2016) (180502) [LJIET]
14. Discuss evolution of petroleum crude. List out the information required by a refiner before
07
establishing a refinery.(Sept- 2013) (180502) [LJIET]
15. Discuss the information needed by the refiners and explain TBP concept with diagram. (May 07
-2012) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Write a short note on TBP apparatus. (Oct- 2016) (180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
With a neat sketch of True boiling point apparatus, explain the test method and significance.
(Nov- 2017, Nov-2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Explain crude assay analysis in brief.(May-2019, Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
16. With respect to evaluation of petroleum explain (a) U.O.P. Characterization factor (b) 07
Correlation index. (Nov- 2014) (180502) [LJIET]
17. Define and signify (i) U.O.P. Characterization factor (ii) API gravity (Aug-2021) (2180502) 04
[LJIET]
18. List out various distillation characteristics of crude oil. Discuss any one in brief. (Oct-2020) 03
(2180502) [LJIET]
19. Define different types of average boiling point of crude oil. (May-2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 03

CHAPTER NO- 2: Properties of Petroleum Products

SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is LPG? List grades of LPG. (Nov -2017) (180502) [LJIET] 01
2. List test for gasoline. Discuss ASTM distillation characteristics with a neat diagram. (Nov - 01
2017) (180502) [LJIET]
3. What is knocking? Define octane number. (Nov -2017) (180502) [LJIET] 01
4. State significance of softening point. (Nov -2017) (180502) [LJIET] 01

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Define crude. Classify Crude based on fractions. (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
2. Discuss about different test and properties of petroleum oil (May-2018, Nov-2018, Nov-
2019) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Discuss different tests and properties of petroleum oil products. (May-2015) (180502)
[LJIET]
3. List out various types of gases from petroleum. Explain any three in detail. (May-2013)
07
(180502) [LJIET]
OR
Write short note on gases from petroleum. (Oct-2014, Nov- 2017) (180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Describe various types of gases evolved from fractionation of crude petroleum with their 07
composition. (Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR 04
Explain any three types of gases in detail. (Nov -2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

OR
List out various types of gases from petroleum. (Nov -2017, Nov-2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
4. Describe any two important properties employed for Gasoline. (May-2016) (180502)
07
[LJIET]
5. Mention different tests for Gasoline. (Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
6. List tests for gasoline. Discuss ASTM distillation characteristics with a neat diagram. (Nov- 07
2014) [LJIET]
7. Discuss ASTM distillation with a neat diagram. (Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 07
8. Explain and discuss about the additives for gasoline. (May- 2012) (180502) (Nov-2021)
(2180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
What are additives? Explain various additives and its importance for gasoline. (Jan-2021) 04
(2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss additives for gasoline with example. (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
OR
List out various additives and its importance for gasoline.(May-2018, Nov-2019) (2180502) 03
[LJIET]
9. Discuss about aviation turbine fuels. (Sept-2013) (180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Write short note on aviation turbine fuels. (May-2014) (180502) [LJIET]
10. Discuss about different tests and properties of kerosene in brief. (May-2013, Nov-2017) 07
(180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Discuss about two important properties for Kerosene. (May-2016) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Enlist important tests for Kerosene. Explain any three. (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
List major tests for kerosene and brief any one. (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
11. Write the definition and significance of following:
i) Flash and Fire Point 07
ii) Aniline point and Diesel Index. (May -2012) (180502) [LJIET]
12. Write the definition and significance of following: Flash and Fire Point (Nov -2017)
04
(2180502) [LJIET]
13. Answer the following:
i) A straight-run kerosene which does not meet specification needs to be upgraded. It is
suggested to be extracted with liquid sulfur-di-oxide. State with reasons what changes would
04+03
you expect in the aniline point, molecular weight and the refractive index?
ii) Give examples of physical and chemical removal of aromatics for improvement of smoke
point of a crude fraction. (April- 2017) (180502) [LJIET]
14. Discuss the test methods and properties of diesel fuels. (Oct -2012) (180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Discuss properties and different tests for diesel fuel in brief. (Sept-2013) (180502) [LJIET]
15. Explain in detail different types of diesel and its test for characterization of different
properties. (May-2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Write short note on types of diesel & its important Properties. (May-2018) (2180502) 03
[LJIET]
16. Discuss general characteristics, standard tests and additives for diesel fuel in brief. (Dec- 07
2015) (180502) [LJIET]

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

17. Discuss the Octane number and Cetane number. (Oct- 2012) (180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Define and give significance of Octane number and Cetane number. (Nov-2021) (2180502)
04
[LJIET]
18. State different methods for treatment of Lube oil. Discuss any one in detail. (May-2018, 07
Nov-2018, Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
19. Briefly explain how the presence of paraffin, aromatics, naphthenes and wax affect the
quality of lube oils. (In terms of viscosity, viscosity index, pour point etc.) (April- 2017) 07
(180502) [LJIET]
20. With a neat sketch of Conradson carbon residue apparatus, explain the test method and
significance. (Nov- 2017) (180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
With a neat sketch , explain Conradson Carbon Residue apparatus (Nov-2021) (2180502) 04
[LJIET]
21. Define: (i) Octane number (ii) Flash point (iii) Cetane number (iv)Spontaneous ignition
temperature (v) Softening point (vi)Penetration index (vii) Pour point. (May- 2013) (180502)
[LJIET]
OR
Define and explain significance: 1.Flash and fire point 2.Aniline point3.Smoke point. (Sept
2013) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Define (a) API (b) Octane number (c) Flash and fire point (d) Diesel index (e) smoke point
(f) Cloud point. (Nov- 2014) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Define/Explain the following terms in context with petroleum refining:(i) Viscosity index (ii)
API gravity (iii) Pour point (iv) Softening point (v) Octane number (vi) Breathing loss (vii)
Smoke point (viii) Flash point number (ix) Cetane number (May- 2015) (180502) (May-
2019) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Define and briefly explain the terms in the context with petroleum refining and cite the
examples where possible: Flash point, Aniline point, octane number, smoke point, API
gravity, sour crude, kinematic viscosity. (Dec- 2015) (180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Define the following terms :
(i) Octane number (ii) Pour point (iii) Fire point (iv) Aniline point(v) Diesel index (vi)
Viscosity (vii) Viscosity index. (May -2016) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Define: (i) Flash point & Fire point (ii) Octane number (iii) Spontaneous ignition temperature
(iv) Cetane number (v) Pour point (vi) Penetration index (vii) Softening point (Oct- 2016)
(180502) [LJIET]
OR
Define/explain the following terms in context with petroleum refining. (Use
illustration/examples/correlations etc. wherever possible).(i) Sour crude (ii) API Gravity (iii)
Viscosity index (iv) Smoke point (v) Aniline point (vi) Octane number (vii) Correlation
index (April -2017) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Define/explain the following terms in context with petroleum refining.
(i) API Gravity (ii) Aniline point (iii) Smoke point (iv) Octane number (v)cetane no. (vi)K
factor (vii)Viscosity index (May 2014, Nov -2017) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Define: (1) Diesel Index (2) Flash point (3) Smoke point (4) Cetane Number (5) Penetration
Index (6) Kinematic Viscosity (7) Cloud point (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

OR
Define Following:
(i) Octane number (ii) Flash & Fire point (iii) Smoke point (iv) Aniline point (v) Pour point
(vi) Cetane number (vii) Softening point (Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Write the definition and significance of following: Flash point, Fire point, Smoke point and
Aniline point. (Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
22. Define/Explain the following terms : (i) Smoke point (ii)flash point (iii) Pour point
(iv)Aniline point...(Nov-2019) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
04
Define/explain the following terms in context with petroleum refining.
(i) Sour crude (ii) API Gravity (iii) Viscosity index (iv)Aniline point. (Nov -2017) (180502)
[LJIET]
23. Define: Cloud point, pour point and Softening point. (Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Define the following terms:- (1) Octane Number (2) Viscosity index (3) Pour point (Aug-
2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR 03
Define: (i) Octane number (ii) Cetane number (iii) Softening point. (Nov -2017, Nov-2019)
(2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Define/Explain the following terms:
(i) Smoke point (ii)flash point (iii) Pour point (May-2018, Nov-2018) (2180502) [LJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 3:Processing of Petroleum

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Discuss dehydration and desalting of crude. (Nov-2017) (2180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Write short notes on Dehydration and desalting of crudes. (Oct 2012) (180502) (Nov-2017, 07
Nov-2019) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Write importance of dehydration and desalting of crudes. (May-2018, Nov-2018) (2180502) 04
[LJIET]
Brief about the dehydration and desalting of crude oil. (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
2. What is dehydration and desalting of crudes and describe about electric desalting process. 07
(May- 2012) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Explain dehydration and desalting of crude. Describe electric desalting process in detail with 07
neat sketch. (Sept- 2013, May- 2015) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
What is salty crude? Explain electric desalting with a neat diagram. (Nov- 2014) (180502) 07
[LJIET]
OR
State the purpose of desalting and dehydration of crude oil. Discuss any one method of 07
desalting of crude oil. (April- 2017) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
What is dehydration and desalting of crudes and describe about electric desalting process.
07
(Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
What is dehydration and desalting of crude? Discuss about electric desalting process. (Aug- 07
2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

OR
Discuss electric desalting process in brief. (May-2018, Nov-2018, May-2019) (2180502) 07,04
[LJIET]
3. Discuss in brief: Pumping of waxy crude. (Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
4. Describe different arrangement of distillation towers in petroleum fractioning with the help 07
of neat sketches. (May- 2013) (180502) (Nov- 2017, Nov-2018, May-2018, Nov-2019, Aug-
2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Discuss about the different arrangement of distillation towers for crude processing. (May -
2016) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
State types of reflux in crude oil distillation column. (May-2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
5. Which are the different types of reflux methods for distillation of petroleum? Explain any 03
one in brief.(Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]
6. Discuss about ADU for the crude petroleum. (Nov-2017) (2180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Explain Atmospheric Distillation Unit (ADU) with neat sketch. (May-2019) (2180502) 07
[LJIET]
OR
Discuss about ADU for the crude petroleum. (Nov -2017, Nov-2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
7. Explain Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU) in petroleum refining. (Aug-2021) (2180502) 03
[LJIET]
8. Explain Atmospheric distillation and Vacuum distillation of crude oil explaining difference 07
between them. (May- 2014) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Compare atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation for processing of petroleum. (May
07
-2015) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss about (i) ADU (ii) VDU for the crude petroleum. (May- 2016) (180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Discuss the principles and scopes of atmospheric and vacuum distillation in refinery 07
operations. (April -2017) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Differentiate: Atmospheric Distillation Unit(ADU) and Vacuum Distillation Unit(VDU) of
03
crude petroleum.(Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Differentiate : ADU and VDU (Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
9. Explain Atmospheric distillation & Vacuum distillation to obtain principal fractions. (Oct-
2012) (180502) (Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Explain principles and major features of atmospheric and vacuum distillation in fractionation
of crude petroleum. (Dec- 2015 ) (180502) [LJIET]
10. Which heavy fractions remain after fractionation of crude petroleum? List out various 03
important properties of heavy fractions. (Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]
11. Enlist various pipe still heater used for heating of crude petroleum. Explain any one in brief. 04
(Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 4:Treatment Techniques

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Discuss about different impurities present in crude oil. What is sweetening? List few 03

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

methods for sweetening. (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]

2. What is sweetening? Why it is required? (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
3. What is sweetening? Explain oxidation of mercaptans to disulfides. (Nov- 2014) (180502)
[LJIET] 07
OR
Explain oxidation of Mercaptans to disulfides. (Nov-2017) (180502) [LJIET]
4. Discuss manufacturing process of LPG with flow sheet. (May- 2016) (180502) [LJIET] 07
5. Discuss Unisol process for gasoline treatment in detail. (Sept-2013) (180502) [LJIET] 07
6. What is sweetening process? Discuss lead doctoring of gasoline. (Sept- 2013) (180502)
07
[LJIET]
7. Enlist various treatment techniques of gasoline. Explain Lead Doctoring treatment technique
of gasoline in detail. (Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Discuss lead doctoring of gasoline with the reactions and flow diagram. Do you know any
other sweetening operations for gasoline? (April- 2017) (180502) [LJIET]
8. Explain the doctors sweetening process for gasoline treatment. (Oct- 2012) (180502)
[LJIET] 07
OR
Discuss lead doctoring of gasoline with a flow diagram. (April- 2017, Nov-2019) (2180502) 07
[LJIET]
OR
Discuss the process of Lead doctoring of gasoline with reactions and PFD (May- 2015, Dec-
2015) [LJIET] 07
OR
Explain the Lead doctoring sweetening process for gasoline treatment and discuss PFD
(Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Explain Doctor sweetening process for Gasoline treatment. (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Discuss the process of Lead doctoring of gasoline with reactions and PFD (May-2018, Nov-
2018) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
OR
Explain lead doctoring method for treatment of gasoline in brief. (May-2019) (2180502) 04
[LJIET]
9. Explain Merox sweetening process for gasoline treatment. (May- 2013, Oct- 2016) (Nov-
2019) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Explain Merox sweetening in detail (Nov- 2017) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
With neat sketch, explain MEROX treatment in detail. (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
10. Explain Merox sweetening process for gasoline treatment. (May-2018, Nov-2018, May-
04
2019) (2180502) [LJIET]
11. Discuss about catalytic desulfurization treatment technique with diagram. (May- 2012)
(180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Describe Catalytic desulfurization with neat diagram in detail. (May- 2014) (180502)
[LJIET]
12. Discuss about the Phenol extraction of lubes treatment process. (May- 2012) (180502)
[LJIET] 07
OR
Explain phenol extraction of lubes.(Nov- 2014) (180502) [LJIET]
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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

OR
Explain Phenol extraction of lubes in details with figure. (Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
13. Compare the performance of phenol and furfural solvents in extraction treatment of lubes. 07
(May 2013) (180502) (April -2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Compare the performances of phenol and furfural for the solvent treatment of lubes. (April
2017) (180502) (Nov 2017, Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
OR
Compare Furfural and Phenol extraction treatments. (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
OR
Compare the performances of phenol and furfural for the Solvent treatment of lubes. (Nov -
03
2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
14. State the desirable solvent properties for crude dewaxing and asphalting. Compare the
07
solvent performance of phenol and furfural of lube treatment. (Dec- 2015) (180502) [LJIET]
15. What is dewaxing? Why it is required? Explain any one method for dewaxing of lubes (May-
2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
What is dewaxing of Lube oil? Enlist various dewaxing processes of lube oil. (Oct-2020) 03
(2180502) [LJIET]
16. List various dewaxing processes? Which is the major solvent used for dewaxing? (May- 03
2018, Nov-2018) (2180502) [LJIET]
17. Why dewaxing is necessary? Discuss MEK dewaxing with neat flow diagram. (May- 2014)
(180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Explain MEK dewaxing with a neat flowsheet. (Nov- 2014) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss MEK dewaxing with neat diagram. (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
18. 07
Write a note on propane deashphalting. (May- 2015, Oct 2016) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Write a note on propane deasphalting. (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
OR
What is the principle of propane deasphalting? (May-2018, Nov-2018) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
OR
Explain propane deasphalting with principle. (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03

CHAPTER NO- 5:Thermal and Catalytic cracking

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. What is cracking? Discuss thermal cracking operations and properties of cracked materials. 07
(Nov- 2014, Nov-2017) (180502) (Nov 2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
2. What is cracking? Discuss the properties of cracked materials. (Nov -2017, Nov-2019) 04
(2180502) [LJIET]
3. Explain types of cracking in brief. (May-2019, Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 04, 03
4. Explain thermal cracking process for the crude petroleum. (May- 2016) (180502) [LJIET] 07
5. In connection with thermal cracking explain the following: Feed ,reaction mechanism, 07
operational variables, products (May-2018, Nov-2018) (2180502) [LJIET]
6. Discuss importance and process of vis-breaking (April- 2017) (2180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Write explanatory note on visbreaking. (May-2018, Nov-2018, Nov-2019) (2180502) 04
[LJIET]
7. Define thermal cracking. Explain Dubb`s two coil process of thermal cracking in detail. (Oct- 07
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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

2020) (2180502) [LJIET]

8. Briefly describe mechanism behind catalytic cracking and catalyst used in it. (May- 2015) 07
(180502) [LJIET]
9. Discuss about various catalysts used in catalytic cracking. (May- 2013) (180502) [LJIET] 07
10. Differentiate: Moving bed cracker and Fluidized Bed cracker. (Nov-2021) (2180502) 04
[LJIET]
11. Differentiate between moving bed crackers and fluidized bed crackers. Explain working of Air 07
lift thermofor catalytic cracker with neat sketch. (May- 2014) (180502) [LJIET]
12. Define catalytic cracking. Explain Fluid Catalytic Cracking process in detail. (Oct-2020) 07
(2180502) [LJIET]
13. Explain (FCC) fluidized catalytic cracking with neat sketch. (May-2019, Aug-2021) (2180502) 07
[LJIET]
OR
Discuss Fluid catalytic cracking in detail with neat sketch. (Oct- 2012, Oct- 2016) (180502)
[LJIET]
14. List major reactions of cracking and explain Fluidized Catalytic Cracking in detail. (Jan-2021) 07
(2180502) [LJIET]
15. Discuss fluid catalytic cracking with special reference to feed, catalyst and its characteristics, 07
parameters, and reactor configuration with a PFD. (Dec- 2015) (180502) [LJIET]
16. Explain Fluid catalytic cracking and discuss working of Ortho flow reactor with neat sketch. 07
(Sept- 2013) (180502) [LJIET]
17. Compare thermal cracking and catalytic cracking with reactions. (May- 2012, Oct- 2016) 07
(180502) [LJIET]
OR
Differentiate between thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. (May- 2014) (180502) 07
[LJIET]
OR
Differentiate thermal and catalytic cracking in following terms:
(i)mechanism (ii)feed stocks (iii)smoke point (iv)octane number (v) cetane number (vi)k 07
factor (vii)viscosity index (April -2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR 03
Compare thermal cracking and catalytic cracking.(Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
18. Discuss catalytic reforming process with respect to the following points: Objective , feedstock , 07
catalyst used , Major reactions (May-2018, Nov-2018) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss catalytic reforming process with respect to the following points only Objective (ii)
feedstock (iii) catalyst used (iv) Major reactions (May- 2015) (180502) [LJIET]
19. In context with catalytic reforming discuss following :(i)feedstock (ii)reaction (iii)catlalyst 07
(iv)reaction conditions (v)end product (April- 2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
20. Discuss the objective, principle, reactions, feed, and process conditions of catalyst reforming. 07
(Dec-2015) (180502) [LJIET]
21. Explain the Catalytic Reforming process in detail. (Oct- 2012) (180502) (Nov- 2017, Nov- 07
2019) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
What is catalytic reforming and discuss plat forming process in detail. (Sept- 2013) (180502) 07
[LJIET]
OR
Describe platforming in detail with a neat diagram. (May- 2013) (180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Explain reforming process for crude processing.(May- 2016) (180502) [LJIET] 07
OR
Explain in detail about the reformer unit of the refinery. (Jan-2021) (2180502)[ LJIET] 07
PRPC (3160510) 2022 Page 9
 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

OR
Explain the Catalytic Reforming process in detail. (May- 2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
OR
Explain catalytic reforming in brief. (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
22. Explain the parameters which affects the reforming. (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
23. Define: (i) Cracking (ii) Vis breaking (iii) Catalytic reforming (Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
24. What is the role of reformer unit in refinery? Which are the major reactions taking place in that 04
unit? (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
25. What is coking and types of coking? Discuss solar drum coking process with flow diagram 07
and mention its merits and demerits. (April- 2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
26. What is delayed coking? Describe the delayed coking operation with diagram. (May- 2012) 07,04
(180502) (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Write a brief note on delayed coking. (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
27. Write explanatory note on: (a) visbreaking (ii) delayed coking (May- 2015) (180502) [LJIET] 07
28. Explain coking process. Discuss process of fluid coking in detail. (Sept- 2013) (180502) 07
[LJIET]
29. Why coke should be removed from crude? Discuss process of flexi coking in detail. (May- 07
2014) (180502) [LJIET]
30. Describe with a flow diagram the principle, catalyst, major reactions and the process of 07
hydrocracking (Dec- 2015) (180502) [LJIET]
31. Discuss about catalytic desulfurization treatment technique with diagram. (Aug-2021) (2180502) 07
[LJIET]
32. The terms hydrotreating, hydro processing, hydrocracking and hydrodesulphurization are used 07
rather loosely in petroleum refinery industry. Define clearly these terms. (April- 2017) (180502)
[LJIET]
33. The following processes are widely used in petroleum refining. State the main purposes of these 07
processes. What are their feedstocks? State the possible desirable and undesirable
chemicalreactions that take place during these processes and their possible chemical reactions: a)
CatalyticReforming, b) Hydrocracking, c)Alkylation, d) Catalytic Cracking. (April- 2017)
(180502) [LJIET]

PETROCHEMICALS
CHAPTER NO- 6: C1 and C2 Petrochemicals
C1 Petrochemicals
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Write short note on “Petrochemical sector- present and future” (Nov-2017) (180502) 07
[LJIET]
OR
Write short note on growth of petrochemical sector and challenges ahead. (Nov-2014)
(180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss about the current scenario of world petrochemical industry. (May-2013, Oct-2016)
(180502) (Nov-2017, Nov-2019) (2180502) [LJIET]
2. What is petrochemicals and mention the reasons for studying petrochemical industries. Enlist 07
various petrochemical units in state of Gujarat. (May-2012) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Write a short note on Petrochemicals industry in Gujarat. (Oct-2012) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss reserves and deposits of crude in world and discuss the scenario of Petrochemical
industry in India and in Gujarat. (Sep-2013) (180502) [LJIET]
PRPC (3160510) 2022 Page 10
 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

3. Enlist major petrochemical units in India.(May-2018, Nov-2018, Nov-2019) (2180502) 03

[LJIET]
4. Write short note on petrochemical feedstock. (May-2013, Nov-2014, Nov-2017) (180502) 07
[LJIET]
5. Define Petrochemical. Which are the important raw materials and their resources used in 07
manufacturing of petrochemicals. (Oct-2012, May-2014) (180502) [LJIET]
6. Discuss schematically the range of petrochemicals produced from C 1, C2 hydrocarbon and 07
benzene. (April-2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss the range of petrochemicals produced from C1, C2, Hydrocarbons and Benzenes. (Nov- 04
2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
7. Discuss properties and uses of Methanol.(Nov-2017, Nov-2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
8. State various routes of production of Methanol (May-2019, Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 03, 04
9. Explain manufacture of methanol with a neat flowsheet. (Oct-2012, Nov-2014, May-2016, 07
Oct-2016, Nov-2017) (180502) [LJIET]
10. Discuss the manufacturing process of methanol from synthesis gas with a flow diagram. 07
State the industrial uses of methanol.(May-2012, May-2015, Dec-2015) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Starting from methane discuss the production process of methanol. State its industrial application.
(April-2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Describe the manufacturing process of Methanol along with flow sheet and applications. (Nov-
2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
11. Discuss methanol manufacturing process with a flow diagram. State the uses of methanol. 07
State any special feature of the methanol synthesis reactor. (April-2017) (180502) [LJIET]
12. Discuss major engineering problems, properties and uses of Methanol. (Sep-2013) (180502) 07
[LJIET]
13. Discuss major engineering problems associated with manufacturing process of methanol. 04
(Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss major engineering problems of Methanol. (Nov-2017, Aug-2021) (2180502) 03
[LJIET]
14. Write down various properties and uses of formaldehyde. (Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
15. Write note on manufacturing of formaldehyde and its uses (May-2018, Nov-2018) (2180502) 07
[LJIET]
16. Explain manufacturing process of formaldehyde from methanol with flow sheet. (May-2019, 07
Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Explain manufacturing process of formaldehyde with diagram. (Aug-2021) (2180502)
[LJIET]
C2 Petrochemicals
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
17. Mention various petrochemicals obtained from Ethylene (May-2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
18. Draw a schematic showing different petrochemicals that can be synthesized from ethylene. 07
Show the important reactions also. (April-2017) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
What are the different routes of manufacturing of ethylene? Explain anyone with a diagram.
(April-2017) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Explain manufacturing of ethylene via steam cracking of Naphtha and gas oil. (May-2014) (180502)
[LJIET]
18. Discuss major engineering problems involved in production of ethylene. Also list out various 07
PRPC (3160510) 2022 Page 11
 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

types of raw materials used. (May-2013) (180502) [LJIET]

20. Explain manufacturing process with flow sheet of Ethylene with its major engineering 07
problem.
(May-2016) (180502) [LJIET]
21. List out various types of raw materials used in production of ethylene. (Nov-2017, Aug- 03
2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
22. Discuss major engineering problems involved in production of ethylene. (Nov-2017) 04
(180502) [LJIET]
23. Discuss various types of naphtha and their important properties & applications. (May-2018, 07
Nov-2018, May-2019, Nov- 2019) (2180502) [LJIET]
24. Explain with neat flow diagram: Manufacturing process of ethylene dichloride. (Oct-2020) 07
(2180502) [LJIET]
25. Explain with neat flow diagram: Manufacturing process of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). 07
(Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]
26. Discuss with a flow diagram the manufacturing process of vinyl chloride. State the industrial 07
uses of vinyl chloride. (Dec-2015) (180502) (April-2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
27. Discuss industrial uses of Vinyl Chloride. (Nov-2018, May-2018, Nov-2018, Jan-2021) 03
(2180502) [LJIET]
28. Explain manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer. List major engineering problems. (Nov- 07
2014, Nov-2017) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss the manufacturing process of Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) also discuss major
engineering problems involved in it. (May-2012) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss manufacturing process of polyvinylchloride monomer and major engineering
problems involved in it with neat diagram. (May-2015) (180502) [LJIET]
29. Explain the major engineering problems involved in the manufacturing of Vinyl chloride 07
monomer with its applications. (Oct-2012) (180502) [LJIET]
30. Discuss major engineering problems in vinyl chloride manufacture. (Nov-2017, Nov-2019) 04
(2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss major engineering problems involved in the manufacturing process of Vinyl chloride
monomer (VCM). (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
31. Discuss the manufacturing process of ethylene oxide with special reference to reaction, 07
catalyst, and process conditions. State the industrial application of ethylene oxide. (Dec-
2015) (180502) (April-2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
32. Describe with a neat flow diagram manufacture of Ethylene Oxide. (Oct-2012, May-2016, 07
Oct-2016) (180502) (Nov-2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Describe with a neat flow diagram manufacture of Ethylene Oxide. (Nov-2021) (2180502) 04
[LJIET]
Draw neat Flowsheet for manufacturing of Ethylene oxide. (Aug-2021) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
33. Discuss major engineering problems in ethylene oxide manufacture. (Nov-2014) (180502) 07,04,03
(Nov-2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Discuss major engineering problem associated with manufacturing process of ethylene oxide.
(May-2018, Nov-2018, Nov-2019, May-2019, Jan-2021) (2180502)[LJIET]
34. Discuss properties and uses of Ethyl glycol. (Nov-2017) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
35. Discuss with a flow diagram the manufacturing of ethylene glycol. What are its uses? 07
(Sep-2013, May-2014, April-2017) (180502) [LJIET]
36. Discuss major engineering problems for (i) Ethylene glycol (May-2016) (180502) [LJIET] 3.5
PRPC (3160510) 2022 Page 12
 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

37. Describe manufacture of vinyl acetate with neat flow sheet along with its uses. (Sep-2013, 07
May-2015, April-2017) (180502) (April-2017, Nov-2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
38. Discuss properties and uses of Acetic acid. (Nov-2017, Nov-2019, Jan-2021) (2180502) 04,03
[LJIET]
39. Explain manufacturing process of acetic acid. List out the major engineering problems. 07
(May-2013, Nov-2014) (180502) [LJIET]
OR
With a neat flow diagram discuss manufacture of acetic acid and the major engineering
problems associated with it. (Nov-2017) (180502) [LJIET]
40. Discuss major engineering problems, properties and uses of Acetic acid. (May-2014) (Oct- 07
2016) (180502) [LJIET]

CHAPTER NO- 7:C3, C4, Aromatics and Polymers

C3 and C4 Petrochemicals
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Discuss in brief about the petrochemicals which are obtained from propylene. (Jan-2021)
(2180502) [LJIET] 03,04
OR
Enlist different petrochemicals obtained from Propylene. (May-2018) (2180502) [LJIET]
2. Explain and discuss production of Propylene with a neat flow sheet. (Oct-2016) (180502) 07
[LJIET]
3. Give different industrial applications of Isopropanol. (May-2019, Nov-2021) (2180502) 03,04
[LJIET]
4. Write down various properties and uses of Isopropanol. (Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
5. Discuss manufacturing process of polypropylene with flow diagram. (May-2012, May-2013,
May-2015) (180502) [LJIET]
OR 07
Explain with neat flow diagram: Manufacturing process of Polypropylene. (Oct-2020)
(2180502) [LJIET]
6. Discuss industrial uses of polypropylene. (May-2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 03
Aromatics
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
7. Explain in brief: BTX separation (Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
8. Discuss manufacturing process of Styrene with neat flow diagram. (May-2013, May-2016)
(180502) (Nov-2017, Nov-2019) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
With neat flow diagram, discuss manufacturing process of Styrene. (Jan-2021) (2180502)
07
[LJIET]
OR
Describe manufacturing process of styrene with neat process flow diagram. (May-2019)
(2180502) [LJIET]
9. Discuss the dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene to manufacture styrene with a neat flow sheet. 07
State the industrial uses of styrene. (April-2017) (180502) [LJIET]
10. Describe manufacturing process for styrene via dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene along with 07
major engineering problems. (Oct-2012, Sep-2013, Dec-2015) (180502) [LJIET]
11. Discuss major engineering problems associated with manufacturing process of Phthalic 04
anhydride.(Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]
Polymers
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

12. Discuss properties and uses of LDPE. (Nov-2017, Nov- 2019) (2180502) [LJIET] 04
13. Describe with diagram the manufacturing process of LDPE along with its properties and 07
uses.(May-2014, Oct-2016) (180502) [LJIET]
14. Describe with diagram the manufacturing process of LDPE along with its applications. 07
(May-2012) (180502) [LJIET]
15. Describe manufacturing process of LDPE with neat process flow diagram. (May-2019) 07
(2180502) [LJIET]
16. Discuss polyethylene manufacture by low pressure process. (Nov-2014, Nov-2017) (180502) 07
[LJIET]
17. Describe with diagram the manufacturing process of HDPE along with its properties and 07
uses. (Sep-2013) (180502) [LJIET]
18. Describe manufacturing process of HDPE in detail along with its application. (May-2013) 07
(May-2015) (180502) [LJIET]
19. Explain the manufacture process of HDPE. (Oct-2012) (180502) [LJIET] 07
20. Explain properties of high Density Polyethylene and its application. (May-2018, May-2018, 04,03
May-2019, Nov-2019, Nov-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
21. Write uses and major properties of High Density Polyethylene and Low Density 04
Polyethylene. (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
22. Explain the difference between LDPE and HDPE. (May-2016) (180502) [LJIET] 07
23. Compare LDPE and HDPE. Discuss the manufacturing process of LDPE. (Dec-2015, April- 07
2017) (180502) (April-2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Compare LDPE and HDPE along their uses. Discuss the manufacturing process of LDPE.
(April-2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
24. Write down various properties and uses of Poly vinyl chloride (PVC). (Oct-2020) (2180502) 04
[LJIET]
25. Describe manufacturing process of poly vinyl chloride. List out the required raw materials 07
and related chemical reaction. (May-2013, Oct-2016) (180502) [LJIET]
26. Describe manufacture of Poly vinyl chloride with neat flow sheet along with its application. 07
(May-2014) (180502) [LJIET]
27. Discuss major engineering problems in for PVC. (May-2016) (180502) [LJIET] 3.5
28. Write a note on “Manufacture of Poly vinyl acetate “and mention its major and minor uses. 07
(May-2012) (180502) [LJIET]
29. Discuss manufacturing process with flow sheet and application of poly vinyl acetate. (May- 07
2016) (180502) [LJIET]
30. Write in brief about manufacture of polystyrene. Enlist different uses of polystyrene. (May- 07
2012, Oct-2016) (180502) [LJIET]
31. State the principle and reaction for the manufacturing of styrene and styrene butadiene rubber 07
(SBR). State the uses of SBR. (April-2017) (2180502) [LJIET]
32. Explain manufacturing process with complete flow sheet of styrene butadiene rubber with its 07
application. (Nov-2014, May-2016) (180502) [LJIET]
33. State and explain properties, applications and principle of production of styrene-butadiene 07
rubber. (Dec-2015) (180502) [LJIET]
34. Explain with neat flow diagram: Manufacturing process of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR). 07
(Oct-2020) (2180502) [LJIET]
OR
Describe with neat sketch the manufacturing process of styrene butadiene rubber.(Aug-2021)
(2180502) [LJIET]
35. Describe manufacturing process with diagram for Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR).with 07
major engineering problems. (May-2012, May-2015) [LJIET]
OR
PRPC (3160510) 2022 Page 14
 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: VI (2022)

Describe manufacturing process of styrene butadiene rubber with neat process flow diagram
and discuss major engineering problems involved in it. (May-2018, Nov-2018) (2180502)
[LJIET]
OR
Describe manufacturing process of styrene butadiene rubber with neat flow diagram and
discuss major engineering problems associated with it. (Jan-2021) (2180502) [LJIET]
36. Discuss major engineering problems in SBR manufacture. (May-2014, Nov-2017) (180502) 07
[LJIET]

PRPC (3160510) 2022 Page 15