TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL PRINCIPLES

I. Theory of popular sovereignty .………………………………………………………………………

1
II. Suffrage
A. Definition
……………………………………………………………………………………………..1
B. Nature
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....1
C. Scope ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
D. Object ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2
E. Power of Congress ………………………………………………………………………………………
2
F. Constitutional Provisions …………………………………………………………………………2

CHAPTER TWO: COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS

A. Purpose of the COMELEC ……………………………………………………………………………

2
B. Composition of the COMELEC and
Qualifications of its members ……………………………………………………………………
2
C. Appointment and Terms of Office
of members
……………………………………………………………………………………………..3
D. Disabilities of members
…………………………………………………………………………….3
E. Constitutional Power and
Functions of the COMELEC ………………………………………………………………………
3
F. Election and Campaign Periods …………………………………………………………………4
G. Rendition of Decision and Judicial Review …………………………………………………
4
H. Rules of Procedure
……………………………………………………………………………………..5
I. Votes required for rendition of decision
……………………………………………………..5
J. Additional functions as may be provided
by law
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
K. Powers and functions under B.P. 881
………………………………………………………….5

CHAPTER THREE: REQUIREMENTS BEFORE ELECTION

A. Registration
…………………………………………………………………………………………….5
B. Necessity of Registration …………………………………………………………………………..5
C. Registration with Election Registration ……………………………………………………5
D. Preservation of Voter’s Registration
Record ……………………………………………………………………………………………………6

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 E. Identification of Voters
……………………………………………………………………………..6
F. Deactivation, Reactivation and
Cancellation of Registration ………………………………………………………………………
6
G. List of Voters per precinct
………………………………………………………………………….7
H. Book of Votes
…………………………………………………………………………………………..7
I. Inclusion, Exclusion and Correction
of Names of Voters ……………………………………………………………………………………
7
J. Inclusion and Exclusion Proceedings
Summary in character
………………………………………………………………………………..7
K. Precincts and Polling Places ………………………………………………………………………
8
L. Publication of maps of precincts
………………………………………………………………….8
M. Polling places and their designation ……………………………………………………………
8
N. Arrangements and Contents of Polling Places ………………………………………………
8
O. Furnishing of Ballot Boxes, Forms, and
Stationaries and Materials for Election
………………………………………………………..8
P. Requisition, printing, and distribution of
Official Ballots and Election Returns
………………………………………………………….8
Q. Name of Watchers
…………………………………………………………………………………….9
R. Form and Contents of Ballots ……………………………………………………………………
9
S. Signature of the Chairman at back of
every ballot ………………………………………………………………………………………………
9
T. Publication of Official Ballots, etc.
……………………………………………………………….9

CHAPTER FOUR: QUALIFICATIONS AND DISQUALIFICATIONS OF VOTERS

A. Qualifications ……………………………………………………………………………………………
9
B. Disqualifications ………………………………………………………………………………………
9

CHAPTER FIVE: CERTIFICATE OF CANDIDACY

A. Definition
……………………………………………………………………………………………..10
B. Time, place, and manner of filing ………………………………………………………………
10
C. Cancellation of certificate by COMELEC ……………………………………………………
10
D. Disqualifications
…………………………………………………………………………………….10

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CHAPTER SIX: ELECTION CAMPAIGN AND EXPENDITURES

A. Campaign and Election Propaganda

a. Definitions ……………………………………………………………………………………
11
b. Prohibited acts
……………………………………………………………………………..11
B. Electoral Contributions and Expenditures
a. Definitions ……………………………………………………………………………………
11
b. Prohibited contributions
……………………………………………………………….12
c. Prohibited soliciting of contributions
……………………………………………..12
d. Prohibited raising of funds
……………………………………………………………..12
C. Political Parties
a. Definitions
…………………………………………………………………………………….12
b. The Party-list System (R.A. 7941)
…………………………………………………….13
c. Qualifications of party-list nominees
………………………………………………..13
d. Procedure in allocating seats for
party-list representatives
……………………………………………………………….13
e. Rights of party-list representatives
………………………………………………….13

CHAPTER SEVEN: BOARD OF ELECTION INSPECTOR AND WATCHERS

I. Board of Election Inspector (BEI)

A. Composition of BEI ………………………………………………………………………………………
13
B. Qualifications and Disqualifications ………………………………………………………………
14
C. Powers of the BEI
………………………………………………………………………………………….14
II. Watchers
A. Official watchers of candidates
……………………………………………………………………….14
B. Other watchers
……………………………………………………………………………………………..15
C. Qualifications of watchers
……………………………………………………………………………..15
D. Rights and duties of watchers …………………………………………………………………………
15

CHAPTER EIGHT: CASTING OF VOTES

A. Casting of Votes
a. Method of voting
……………………………………………………………………………………..16
b. Voting hours ……………………………………………………………………………………………
16

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 c. Manner of preparing the ballot
………………………………………………………………….16
d. Preparation of ballots for illiterates
and disabled persons
……………………………………………………………………………….16
e. Spoiled ballots
………………………………………………………………………………………….17
f. Voters in cities
………………………………………………………………………………………….17
g. Voting
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..17
h. Challenge of illegal voters
………………………………………………………………………….18
i. Challenge based on certain illegal acts …………………………………………………………
18
j. Records or statements to be prepared
and kept
………………………………………………………………………………………………….18
B. Counting of votes
a. Counting to be public and without interruption
…………………………………………..18
b. Determination of Marked ballots
……………………………………………………………….19
c. Disallowing of Marked ballots
…………………………………………………………………..19
d. Instances of Marked ballots
……………………………………………………………………..19
e. Instances where ballots not considered marked
…………………………………………..19
f. Manner of counting votes
………………………………………………………………………….19
g. Rules of appreciation of ballots …………………………………………………………………
19
h. Election Return
……………………………………………………………………………………….20

CHAPTER NINE: CANVASS AND PROCLAMATION

A. Canvassing by provincial, city, district, and municipal board of canvassers

1. Composition of the Board of Canvassers
……………………………………………………..20
2. Prohibited relationship
…………………………………………………………………………….20
3. Prohibition against leaving station ……………………………………………………………
20
B. Congress as Board of Canvassers for election of
President and Vice-President …………………………………………………………………………
20
C. COMELEC en banc as National Board of Canvassers
For National Senatorial Elections
…………………………………………………………………..21
D. Duty of the Board of Canvassers
……………………………………………………………………..21
E. Nature of proceedings ……………………………………………………………………………………
21

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 F. Proclamation
……………………………………………………………………………………………….22

CHAPTER TEN: PRE-PROCLAMATION CONTROVERSY

A. Definition ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..22
B. Purpose
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..22
C. Jurisdiction …………………………………………………………………………………………………..22
D. General Rule

OUTLI
………………………………………………………………………………………………..22
E. Prohibition
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..22

23 NE
F. Issues that may be raised

G. Issues that cannot be raised

………………………………………………………………………………

ELECTI
………………………………………………………………………….23
H. Termination of Pre-proclamation cases
…………………………………………………………..23

ON
CHAPTER ELEVEN: ELECTION CONTEST

A. Jurisdiction of election contest

LAW
……………………………………………………………………….23
B. Definitions
24
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

C. Election protest
…………………………………………………………………………………………….24
1. Purpose
2. Grounds
3. Who may file

CHAPTER TWELVE: ELECTION OFFENSES

A. Aspects of election offense ……………………………………………………………………………

24
B. Enumeration of election offenses
…………………………………………………………………..24

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