USEFUL MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE (EEE3004 and EEE8129)

1
1. sin( A)sin( B) = [cos( A - B) - cos( A + B)]
2

2. cos( A ± B) = cos( A)cos( B) m sin( A)sin( B)

N2
3.  c  N
k  N1
2  N1  1 c , c is a constant

N 1 sin  N (i   j ) 2 
e
 jk (i  j )  j ( N 1)(i  j ) 2
4. e 
k 0 sin  (i   j ) 2 

 1 : 0k  N  sin  N 2  
5. wR (k )    WR (e j )  e j ( N 1) 2  
 0 : otherwise  sin  2  

N  k
1  sin  N 2  
2
 : k N j
6. wB (k )   N  WB (e )   
 0 N  sin  2  
 : k N

7. Discrete Fourier Transform pair:

1 N 1 N 1
x(n)   X k e j 2 kn N  X k   x(n) e j 2 kn N
N k 0 n 0

8. Discrete-Time Fourier Transform pair:

 
1
x ( n)  
2 
X (e j ) e jn d  j
X (e )   x(n) e jn
n 

9. Autocorrelation function
1 N 1
R xx m   xx m E xn  mxn   xn  mxn
N
n 0
10. Autocovariance
1 N 1

 xx m  E xn  m  xn xn  xn   N
 
 xn  m  xn xn  xn 
n 0
11. Frequency Transformations for IIR Filter
s
a. Low-pass to low-pass transformation: s
ac
ac
b. Low-pass to high-pass transformation: s 
s
 
where ac is the pre-warping angular frequency, ac  tan c  ;  c is normalised angular
 2 
2f c
cut-off frequency,  c  .
fs