Electrostatics (mew topic) Coutowss law 4 Eleckvo takics :- hee dung +o ds ww, We electo Matic forte aitvaunow ov Yepudsions by 2 print Chavaes is Ket caone 4o be Aivecteg prnehbwed fe Me produce thee Wevyn ind luvev Peeper howad te tte S4prmve + met ee blo then- q, o: Fa Q,: Qa ° . 1% Y Fe k 0 Qo toheve kh: t+ re UKSo Go 16 & constant Fe 1 Gs called permittivity 4heoy* of free Space - £5* 885 x 10 Fw! Gne¥> Fl = favad per meter 3 - a Tee ae > Tl CL Elecostakiv fore bf Anew F= Q\-Q2 (Formal if Meaut 4RaY* — to prow the Wag nikude of vee F (@xi5*) (6x10°) 4 Signs +o be at Gm (8 85x10) (0-01) F=88N diyection, :- Unlike chovges attyact Se djvechow of force wards eour other: Duper taut Constants mp = |-b6 x 1072" deg Ap = +loxto Ve (+e) me + 4 xlo™ 4e~ texto %& (-e) proton, elector Ex ° ° +r Ratio of Fe : Fa 5 based ow your Om user Suggest rola. Fa may be lgnovned, Haroglout: electrostatics - . 2 Fa= GMp Fe: _@ y> GHEY Fe = e* G- 66710" Faq 4ne,G mp me Fe s 107" » aaswer indicates Fa f Micak FG KKK Fe hence Can be ignored: I tL aN aiae Concept of Elecivic Pita shength ’ defied Os h& Yegiow bhere w& Charge experiences Qn sthvachve fee ow & Yepulsive fore (Eleenic fed) densted ry tue Symbocl “e" + mesrured ua uarte of Vom! or NO™ + Elecwic fica Sheuglc at Aud pomt Caw be Cob cukate A, Urn ds Cqpakion, P Es Le where 4 a kel Elechic - 4YXEto Q 4 ‘uP Sheng . at P magnitude. F-Q Q= Source charge 4REoT* % = Distaue at (Sign “of the whith Glec. field Chavge to ke Sly. w is to i quored) be Sueosuved, + divection of Eleetwie Pisa + Away from the +ve Source charge P © * towards We -ve Youvee chovge OS : In £5>=B:BSxl0 0, , 20ue : ¢ © « » 38cm Coh E at P E=Q = 2oxio® = 2-8xI0" UREY* 4KE,(0-08)* NC‘ or Vu?! Nee eases, O0OEm_ SE ])] .. _ O_O NN A Exauple of how Elechostahe force Can be “Ubel w Practical Situ ation $ Q: The Wiagtan Shess & modet hr hy dvegen otow - t+ Csy sat oue probe va Me yucteus “Ane a elechouw,, Orwihng at a gistawce T u @ = Based on Concept ae Crretav W Car Rineav Veloci wD the ohne gloat &) * Zlecwostate fyvee (Fe) provides the lteurtipetak fovee (Fe) dence Fe = Fe et - We V™ AREY~ r- Ve et HRESY Me iy Cab: vlav veto ci by (=) 4 Wwe e- Our itt orbit Fe = Fe ce 2 Myr Ww” Yn Gr w= | e . GREG 3Electrostatics = 8.85% 1072 * How to taltwlale Resultant Elec- fillA sheagtr (E) due to multiple Souree chavaes. + 4uC, P = ue ae 0 o Gem —_ Bem oe 9xiont Col the vesutant Elecmre field stremgin dur to these 2 changes at P? = GRE, (00) = 23x10"NC! - Resultant (ade) ‘ Sxto-% “ * magwitede 29x10 + 7x10 Be = Tx to CT! = 30x 107NC! are (0°08) + diveetion, —» +12ne +h o P we ® O O <-> Hem 67x10? Bem. . L4x/0" Cal E ak P Bue Resultant Subtract [Larger soar] Ee TA 6-7 107 NCW! . = 61x lol 14x10 ere) magratade = 67x10 x WRC OY = 53x107 Ne + ditechion (brwards the Latger Ee TEs bax [0 Ne" cet Ce a YRE (0-08) —_ @ Concept of Null point * +1Bue Pp a “0 : 2, eS lOem Bem Cat Q if P is w matt points (Resultant & =0) at mat pe £ (duetoA) = E (dueto 4) ac = a Gee, (01)* Ghee (0:08)* Qe TT we Q How to consiuct Araphs of © vs v fr Be rm Ww Like Charges = ot (42) o Null pt Pu) QO Apr t ? proton — Nole :- div of Ex = Tight dlir of Ep = Left T opp. air. of Eleclic Piet heuce graphs have opposilé Signs Unlike Charges Ca oo eC) Alpha ” electron E SR Nolé + 4 fe diy of Ea > right diy of £e = right Same our. o Elechic fru apne have Sune Signs yap. of Ke tan be used dz dlebormiye twohether charges an Like or wylike hike : hue P uu pt Ere win cat the X-Axis Unlike 2 We ned pt Fe tilt wet" cross the X-Axis eae Nole :Electrostatics Q: Cal Tesuttant Klecbic fldd Shengie Lug bx ne point Po Ve @ E-Q “, | ARE, Uke, (2d) ~ ob €= +4 pt ha - ResuHamt of Red & Greew wih become [2% final Resultant Ane ee “(PE _Q Zz 2) 4ke,d* ae z Resuitant (Red ¢ Green) =x -@ v +Q Overall Resultant = Bol) z let x2 @ « (G-1).8 : amese* 9 Reswltaut blamed trrougly Repolation wi be het x= @ 7 xc0sto' + & cos bo Wae.Y™ a Ans Crrapee fb fas Electric Piel sheugec Ce) Vaviee tt Bistauce (YI Beta hetird — Chovged — Splreve - bop one tourth | double R 2R v hollow sphere -no Chargt ow the Inside - ne Charge, : no fiesta E=0- hence Concept 0 fone ot Rterial wo J Ka" Concept of Electric fotential » 1 Consideved Nole - the nega tue Sign iw Jmplies that sraws toeve taken inte Considevahod While Caladahu YavitotionaL poteuhal , hence , “on = while Carlow lating, Bleclvie poteatal v nin 46 well, the sign % of -the Souvee Chavae, Dill bY doeet wte ACcouunr- 412MC jn@avds\ yt Q:1 O es <_ cheng So against We The OL Elechic Potential at P 7 pu V2 Q - + i2x107% “ner 4% @B5xIF™)(0') Ve + tatoo uc! but ° Inward infinoby Q2 O . <—— B® wit ieee by he ther e Col Electric Potenkal at P t pei V=-=Q _ = bxlo® Hey 4K (885x152) (01) Vze=— 55x o> Jcul - define ELECTRIC potentisl ~) enhinats of Wovk doye im moving & Unit Yow infini +> bu at Within ne elenintt sped Pet Suggest why valves of Bo ove Always yeg ahve: WovkK is done BY the ped in moving. tit Wasi toward, He Souvee mass: - From Me bbwe laltnlahons we have CStiblished tat Elechic pottud'al ™ Can eitev be +Ve ov ~-ve- ta pesitive auswey implies that . wold is ‘fone the Elechie fiud iw Movin. oO wat tve chavoe from infins Pa int Fi 4 “a la sievaraich A Aejihve omsey imphieo that . work Ujs done He Phe idself in Moving @ unit ve Charge from in fra ty oa aug print-Electrostatics Similavity 4 ai Chevences b/w Gravitabonch potential ak elechic potunet CV) Sing tan » bith have a value of Zevo at infinity + botw invelue Concep + “f Wore Ane Dif Vounces one cuvelues Wass » oth ave Iver Chovge a is Alivogs altyachue V ww be bebe attvechve 4 veprbive- . In pf wok is Mbesarge Aone by fa field wheter Iv Vo wove Caw be ene Cites by re fade oy agamaky he fetd x foro & Coludile Elechic Petutel () dwe oad walt ple Claavaes- To Glut rtstat Elechic Pottutial ; SrepD Cot Elecdvie Petentiot (Vv) due 4 one Charge GE hue Using veQ ( tiles the ign Jub acc) : YA Gor Step (© Fin adda wu ouv tnol'vidsed, acre be q+ tle rita tlZuc P bul: 40 ’ Os —~ Bom bln Cal Elechie Potentiok (V) ot P° £2 BBSxl0 Va=@ = +l2xio® 2 4 4 x0 Ue"! Rov 4% (8:55xlo)(0.08) + Va: @ =. -bxioe® 5 - 0.4 x 0% Jer! OF by 9H (3 &5x10°%) (0-06) 5x/0* fC"! u *, How + Calatale Chauge in Elechic Poteutiat ” Sy va brol av also Se (ated 04 poleral wiffevence Formula OV = Vp = Ve appa 10 Cor Yew vn A +120c p Rte O - _* O@ Blu btu, B:. Cr chang In Plertal from QtoP. Step D Cal Vp Step@ Col Va 2 tltac V, = +laye Va Ate (2-28) 2 UR€e (2) Vaz —buc Ve= ~&ee Re, (0-06) Rb (e204) Y= 5x10 Va 29x 105 avec Y-Ww AV: Vp - Va AV: (Sx 105 )- (2% ) AV = 1-7x/0* JC7 Por If of Chane weve fiom 2B ey We 1 doue 3 tre £ wot “ow Ae ee 77x07 Jpear ostat B cw 4em +i2ue P Q i Aa ° * i AAA eI = 4om Bem ° ¥ 2 (ov/ Ch EechicAtestisl) “Coign, pease aif (2 ange in Electic Motew Sign, was tho PO ab : ‘ i onside) Vp= 412ne + Bue = 18x10°V 4K, (0-04) 4R% (0-08) 6 Va: t!2uc + - Buc = 7 O4SKIOV uke (0-08) UKE (0:04) “ay Paiff : 225x10°V Answer- on tic Poteuti A Crange Aled Potential) S tn HE Qo: Ch WE Amount of Wovk doye Charge iw moving, © Proton bla Pant Q- vi Ww 4 Ve Woe We GV tne from We qh 2 Gtex io *)(2.25x 10) W=+3-6x107'9) G Wedoue agonist she EF *Q Ts it possible for Patt (aw to ever he eq Yo xevo: Tf yes tohat will it signify ? + Bale Pp Q + Buc ° joctm 2. Sctm ° : stm 10em Gab fotentiol aiff (av) Vp. the + tBuc AR £4 (0-95) 44, (2-1) Vaz +Buc + + Buc UK & (0-1) OnE. @25) + Ans: Jes (+ IS possible. : + Statement = Tf poteabial at P (Vp) 's Capel te potenpial at Q (Va) ie prtentiod aff avzo ‘such Points ave Coiled eZee sgn p es that is done “in moving a tnt charge b/w these Points. + Seetcw a Yaph of Electric fo tential (ot fans () for a hollow Charged Spheve- + T Aaole +, + 5 a: E due forthe A Ra Aovhte il Lat : i V2 Q ' 4RET explaiy, Va $ \ a re t hollors ». charge — Steep thon half double, on the incide “'s Zee © "he Chavye +. ne field ne fron? he a deye by tt frell 4 if W=o0 than all Points inside the Sphere can be classrfrdad to be at Lyutpetentiols +. hovisontol lige <= (for 3 mavlks) raphs of Electic Peloutial (Vv inst. eaten os for ) J Ww Like Chaves o alpha €2) y Ve Reason: Ne Both potentials Vv, ave posite p a grapes = have U same el este Signs Wr Unbike chavaes « Alpne (+2) if electron 1 vi Mull potential © Nut, Voltage Zevon poten iad Reason:. One potential i$ positve () TT while he othew is negative (2) * grees have opp osile™ PP ons Cx aro dune Con : wll er. (¥=0) = . be ared- (null potential) (Hr Kaowous) +2ue- V20 Q O ABtur % 12cumC) 6ocw, Vv +20ue ( Q im YRE (e48)Electrostatics continued Relation sip b]o Elechic fietd Srengty CE) aud Elechic Potmtiat (V) F=Q V= Q@ AR EoY* YAY Useig Aiffrertiation , we law Crkobiine Wt ering Yelatiountp. v= @ E dv i ast] \ ww oly E oy [ay--® ov [e==8¥ ar ay Conclusion © Since AV yefevs to Gradient ar we Can Say that " the negative jaa: of the Yap of Vive + as on pomet ques a Vole of Eat hat point - Vv Co E at P? 62g rad - £ fi im @ Reverse Conclusion :- Udunq Yevevse prin we (aw Conclude that a under the graph of Evsy ques thre Value of Vv oe Concept of Electvic Potential Eueva4 Gravitational Elechic Potential Potential Enevgy. Energi. Symbol Ww Ww units J J formula Ue oom UV. 4, U U-(2 oY ae ro le -GMm ae | a | (Sign of the charges must be Considered) Tin QI Application of te above forvoula- + 2x10F m/s 7 Aw 14 alpha. pavhele ul He Stationary rie Nucleus As < mom bwavdo gr Nucleus force 4 Yepyloiow bbs like Chavae s will Aecvenbe 'he Sua 4 ol pavhude se frre will be gp ' doss Dur it WE~ Based ow EBlectrostahes Tre Caw Logs in RE = Gain un Ere (W) 1 j<—__—> vepels ob nay) Doss Away. “d REST Wurlun - KE=O K-E +> Epe d= distance of closest approach, Cal A based ow Law of Conservation xf eaergy 7 loss in KE = Gain in EP E (h) Qa Lm,Vv? 2-4 YREV 1 yi) Coxetds (428) Zz TTT lu = 1-66 x 10-77 hg 4KE,A e@- '6x /o-/F | Eo = 8:85 x Io ~'* d= 27x 10'°m » What if Lhe wate speed of alpla partie wos high am Lt above SHtilkiha Volue ,° What Det Lave happeute 7 We Vodue a wit olecvease tutil at due print tre todo _ que’ wil/ flise together re Nuc lear fusion will take place - 2 Vv v na ti) Like charges o— w Sime to0rduigs) Stobemeuts Stee grep: — + As charges move towards ach, other Abtyaction blo thea Cause Speed [KE u to increase ‘heuce ERE decreases Conclusion '- aS 1 decreases, EPE must alse decrease qi) Unlike Charges + - oo 2 QY ov Vy 7 ker Iigv2 = VY a 1 (Aix 0°): youre?) 720 ee “Two point charges A and B each have a charge of +6. vacuum by a distance of 12.0)um, as show in Fig. 4.1. 120m Point Q, the net work done is zero. Polewticl, ak P= (Equiprtenticl pts) hence... we... Work (© acto be wa ene by a [464x107 fester y [5 Va" [ (ae Gum). tex 107! Yee [eal * AV = Vp-Vm sVe We 4-4V We ear "| ro of Pape 4, 2, Surat 2019) 0729 ha Fal 99% EIT on ity ects “he nut maybe cori oe sprees ot aamte ERS win er masses ic chages tet contes pein to heal postion of jut touching, a8 wm? ble idew m= 2uU Jue 167x107 «< loss in KE = Gain im EPE Pro = 61x10. ae Ex 2 3-05x 10 %J are . he IMev (from As bevel) = 16x10 J Ex= 305x100" _ 0-19 MeV: 16x Jo-'8 eV oy MeV is ay altevnalé unit- a volt1 Electrostatics 28 October 2020 06:32 QW smal charged mata spheres A and ae stusted na vcwun. The stance vrwoon the centres ofthe spheres is 12.0cm, as shown in Fg. 4.1. 12.00m els sphere sphere B 0 1.4.1 (nat to scale) be assumed (@) State the evidence provided by Fig. @)_ the spheres are conductors, Presece of Zer 25 heute boty tve. vs: between electric field strength E and potential grad av or -£> av Fig. 42 to state and explain the distance x at which the potential wih distance is (©) Two small and Q may be assumed tobe point charges Pa ele ¢ moved along tho line ining the wo charges, W) Use your arsmer in () © ‘yadiont of he cure of Fig. 42, (2) Detine elctric potential ata point. P and @ mey be assumed 16 be point charges (8) Two oma located ‘rein a vacuum. rlcle Q is moved along the line joining the two charges, ofthe electric potental energy Ep (9. State how the magnitude of sgradent. related to potential ve P cst] (Use your answer in () to show is proportional tothe ‘gradient of the curve of Fig. 4.2 sls i) whether the two charges have the same, or opposite, si (i) the effect, if any, on the shape of the g Paper 4, Variant 1, Summer, 2011) tue 4H E=16xl0 Vem Convevt- E= 18x 10° Viv" ‘charged point mass is stuaied in a vacuum. Aprotan travels diocty towards the mase, a8) je ilustrated in Fig. 4.1 em hi pol 9 Proton Fig. 4. (@) (i) Use Fig. 42 to state and expl negatively. ‘on the graph of Fig. 4.2 isl field strength Eat this point due to the: “vy di. AY. ais tho charge a his point. dr dy Use the exprossion in (ail) and Fig. 4.2 to determine distance of 4.00m from the charged pont mass, = grit Far tatetapstmnnee dust of Work done Since Projected velocig will wot Yea ot Papert Varin 2, Summ 2013) Savface of2 Electrostatics 28 October 2020 06:32 Q ‘An o-particle and a proton are at rest a distance 20,m apart ina vacuum, as illustrated in. ,, Fig.4.1 ean ue (li) The a-particle and the proton mey be considered to be point charges. Calculate the electric torce between the c-particle and the proton. F= Q,02 Q &)= +24 ner Q2(pP)= te ~18 e@albx lo '’S F-!!5xlo n y= 20x 10% m, - NI} (b) (i) Define electric eld strength 12) (il) A point P is distance x from the o-particle along the line joining the w-particle tothe 5, proton (see Fig. 4.1). The variation with istance x of the electric field strength E,, can due to the e-patticle alone is shown in Fig. 4.2. ue 300 200: oioctric ald strength Wor 100 Fig. 4.2 | ‘The variation with distance xof the electric field strength E> due to the proton alone is also shown in Fig. 4.2 1. Explain wiy the two separate electric fields have opposite signs. 2. On Fig 4.2, tno variation with x ofthe lect field due to the a-particle and the proton for values of x from 44m am. (3) (Question 4 of Paper 4, Variant 1, Winter, 2013) QQ. @) define electric potential ate point (b) Two okt a A are separated by a distance off20ARH dlustatecin Fg. 200m Fig.3.1 | A point Pis a distance x from A along the line AB. Tigao wr dre ectepoRR v=. AA ERE 08 potential viv 0.6. SB som 2 4 6 8 10 16 1 Fig.3.2 The variation with ditance x of he lectie petental Vy due to charge B alone io also shown in Fig. 32. (i) State and explain whether the charges A and B are of the same, or opposte, sign. Surte Elecivic Pokenkial 4 rapt (li) By reference to Fig. 3.2, state how the combined electric potential due to both charges may be determined. 1] {lil) Without any calculation, uso Fig. 32 to estimate the distance x at which the combined electric potential of the two charges is a minimum, IB (close to IBlme p- NB ban. mci (iv) The pont Pis | ‘An a-particle hes when at infinity. Uso Fig. 2.2 to determine the ricimum Ennio may travel from infinity to point P. G4) = ¢2e AKE = s&PE (W) ARE -W, Va: av BKE : (0-49(12e) (ye oaav | DAKE = 4x10" IE 14x 1019 say (Question 3 of Paper 4, Variant 3, Winter, 2013) ‘An isclated solid metal sphere of radius ris ghen a positive charge. The distance rom the centre ‘tne spnore is x. (2) The electric potential at the surface ofthe sphere is Vp, (On the axes of Fig.51, sketch'a.greph to show the variation with distance x of the electric Potential due to fe charged sphere, for values of x rom x = Oto x = 4r. 1.00 V6 075 Ve potential 0.50 Ve 0.25 Ve 0 + 2 a ar ‘distance x Figs 1 (©) The electric il strength atthe surtace othe sphere iE, ‘On the axes of Fig. 52, chotch a graph to show the variation with distance ¥ of the este field sirengh due to the charged sphere, for vales of x fiom x = Oto x= 4. 100 O75 &¢ field strength 050 025 E Fig.s2 8 (Question Sof Paper 4 Variant 1, summer, 2014) (2) Dofine electric potemial ata point am (©) An iscated solid metal sphere is posiivey charged. ‘The variation of the potential V with distance x from the centre of the sphere is shown in Fig. 51 viv x/em Fig. 5.1 Use Fig. 5.1 to suggest (0. wy the radus ofthe sphere cannot be greater than 1.0em, (1) thatthe charge on the sphore behaves asi it were a poht charge, 1 ‘Alum nucleus contains two pretons. In. mode ofthe helium nucleus, each proton is considered tobe a charged point mass. The separation ofthese point masses is assumed tobe 2.0x 10-"°m. {@) For he two protons in thss model, calculate () the electrostatic forco, electrostatic force = Ne (i) the gravitational force. ‘gravitational force = (©) Using your answers in (a), sugges! why (there must be some other force between the protons in the nucleus, (81 (W)_ nis adaitional force must have a short range. = (2) (Question 4 of Paper 4, Variant 2, Summer, 2014) 13 particle Pie atuatedin a vacuum ata datane xtromtho centr ofa charged consvting spore of redus a5 lstrated in ig. 51 Fer the partie cutsde the conducting sphers, the charge onthe sphere may be assumed tobe point charge at is cen, (41 (State Coulomb's law, (i) The spe and the patice Pare bah charged nosey 1. Sate the drection of he fore acing en pari - - ra 2. Satethe positon of particle P forthe fre bbe maximum. 7 Determine he ratio fore on parte Pat x= Torce on parce P tx ratio= 3 a (©) Wan te che on he sors 60x10 Cth Seed rongh ath sce of he sphere i 153 408Uer Elecical breakdown (a spark occurs when the aleciefaldsranghh at the srtaca of the sphere exceeds 2.0% 10°Vm ‘Determine the aditonal charge that maybe acid tothe sphers before breakdown curs. cw