Mohinder Pal Joshi*et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No.

6, Issue No. 2, 277 - 281

Development of Vision Based Iris Recognition System

Department of ECE BBSBEC, Fatehgarh Sahib Punjab, India mohinderpaljoshi@yahoo.co.in

Mohinder Pal Joshi

Deptartment of ECE BBSBEC, Fatehgarh Sahib Punjab, India rsuppal@gmail.com

R.S. Uppal

Department of ECE SLIET, Longowal Punjab, India livjeet@gmail.com

Livjeet Kaur

Keywords- Biometric; Pattern matching; iris recognition; image segmentation; image localization; circular edge detection; NI Vision Assistant; NI LabVIEW.

I.

INTRODUCTION

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i) very little variation over a life's period ii) genetic independence
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During the last decade, there has been tremendous growth in biometric recognition technology due to the emerging requirement of highly reliable personal identification in a number of government and commercial applications. Biometrics refers to the recognition of an individual by using behavioral or physical traits of that person. Traditional verification systems based on passwords can be easily hacked when a password is divulged to an unauthorized user. Biometric systems are supposed to be unique as they make use of a persons iris, hand shape, fingerprint and face [1]. The iris is a highly accurate biometric identifier. Iris recognition is considered as the most accurate means of personal identification due to the uniqueness of the iris patterns. John Daugman [2, 3] developed iris recognition algorithm based on two-dimensional Gabor wavelets. Most of commercial iris recognition systems are based on this patented algorithm.

Iris recognition is a method of biometric personal identification based on high-resolution irises images of human eyes [5]. The human iris is an annular region between the pupil and sclera as shown in Fig. 1. Generally, iris has many properties that make it an ideal biometric recognition component:

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II.

Abstract This paper describes an alternate method to identify individuals using images of their iris. Iris recognition system is implemented using NI Vision Assistant and NI LabVIEW. Design and implementation of our system is divided into three parts. The first part relates to image acquisition. The second part is concerned with localizing the iris from a captured image. Image segmentation is used for localization. The third part is concerned with matching an iris pattern with data base entries. Computational time is also taken into consideration.

Irises not only differ between identical twins, but also between the left and right eye. No two irises are same. The ability to accurately measure the iris patterns, the false acceptance rate is 1 in 1031[6]. Iris pattern is formed during the first year of life, and pigmentation of the stroma takes place for the first few years. Formation of the unique patterns of the iris is random and not related to any genetic factors [4, 11]. The only characteristic that is dependent on genetics is the pigmentation of the iris, which determines its colour. Epigenetic nature of iris patterns results in completely independent iris patterns. Even identical twins possess uncorrelated iris patterns [7]. In this paper, we propose an iris recognition system. System is implemented using NI Vision Assistant and NI LabVIEW. This paper is organized into 4 sections. First section presented the introduction and properties of the human iris. Second section explains our proposed methodology, third section shows experimental results. Finally conclusion is drawn in fourth section. This paper is also concerned with the computational efficiency of recognition. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Design and implementation of for any iris recognition system can be subdivided into three parts [8]. The first part relates to image acquisition. The second part is concerned with localizing the iris from a captured image. The third part is

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Fig. 1 Front view of the human eye

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Mohinder Pal Joshi*et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 6, Issue No. 2, 277 - 281

concerned with matching an extracted iris pattern with candidate data base entries. In our proposed methodology, we have divided the whole process of iris recognition system into four main stages namely image acquisition, iris localization, pattern matching and authentication. The iris image needs to be preprocessed to obtain useful iris region. Image preprocessing is done by the process of Iris segmentation which localizes the correct iris region in an eye image. This process is also known as Iris Localization. It is critical to the success of subsequent pattern matching and authentication stages. Different templates of iris are extracted and stored in a database. These templates are then used to verify the persons identity. A. Image Acquisition It is a major challenge to get high resolution iris images. It is not very easy to implement a system that can take high quality images [9]. The images used in this analysis are taken from the database [3]. RGB image is converted to gray scale for further processing. This conversion is required for pattern matching as NI Vision Assistant matches gray scale templates Fig. 2(a) and fig. 2(b) illustrates the process.

System function and Image Mask function. The process is shown in Fig. 3(a), (b) and (c).

Fig. 3(a) Iris Localization

Fig. 3(b) Detection of center of circular edge

B. Iris Localization The next stage of the iris recognition is the Iris Localization stage. The aim is to detect the iris portion which can be approximated by two circles, one is the iris/sclera (outer) boundary, and another interior to the first is the iris/pupil (inner) boundary. Iris Localization is done by the process of Iris segmentation which localizes the correct iris region in an eye image. Iris segmentation is an essential in automated iris processing systems, because it is the basis for any further operations. We localize the iris from the image boundaries by detecting the center of the iris. Circular edge detection function is used for detecting iris as the boundary is circular and darker than surrounding. After detecting the circular edge, the iris portion is extracted from the remaining image. The center of the circular edge detected in previous step is used for masking the iris image. This is implemented by using the Set Coordinate

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Fig. 2(a) RGB Image Fig. 2(b) Gray Scale Image

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Fig. 4 (a)

C. Pattern Matching After iris localization, the final step is pattern matching of the iris image with the stored templates from the database. The iris pattern is different for every person (even uniovular twins dont have the same iris pattern [7]). These patterns are used to create templates for iris recognition. The acquired image is matched with the whole database of templates. We can use complete Iris image as template. It will work fine for less number of users, but it is not recommended for large number of users since it needs large storage memory. We created four small templates from each Iris image rather than storing complete image. This can drastically reduce the processing time of the system if number of users is large. Four templates are created for each iris for better accuracy. Fig. 4 (a), (b), (c) & (d) shows four templates of an iris.

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Fig. 3(c) Extraction of Iris by Image Mask Fig. 4 (b)

ISSN: 2230-7818

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III.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Fig. 4 (c)

Fig. 4 (d)

D. Authentication In this stage, the system tries to match the stored templates with the acquired image. If all the four templates match the given image, then person is recognized as an authentic user. Fig. 5{(a), (b), (c), (d) & (e)} shows the process of pattern matching.

Pattern matching is performed using NI Vision Assistant and NI LabVIEW. The NI vision script for iris recognition using template matching is shown in Fig. 6. Circular Edge detection set up and edge strength profile is shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. Template matching script required 27.94 ms. Inspection time for each step of script is shown in Table 1. Fig. 9 shows the performance meter. The results of Pattern matching are shown in Fig. 10 (a), (b), (c) & (d). Fig. 11 shows the Virtual Instrument for Iris Recognition. TABLE 1. INSPECTION TIME FOR EACH STEP
Step Name Color Plane Extraction 1 Average Time 3.163 ms 0.545 ms 0.315 ms 4.703 ms 4.523 ms 5.588 ms 4.628 ms 4.470 ms Standard Deviation 0.198 ms 0.033 ms 0.015 ms 0.137 ms 0.168 ms 0.204 ms 0.233 ms 0.168 ms Shortest Time 2.834 ms 0.497 ms 0.301 ms 4.462 ms 4.230 ms 5.239 ms 4.396 ms 4.256 ms Longest Time 3.488 ms 0.586 ms 0.340 ms 4.897 ms 4.667 ms 5.781 ms 4.967 ms 4.631 ms

Circular Edge (Soke) 1

Set Coordinate System 1 Image Mask 1 Pattern Matching 1 Pattern Matching 2 Pattern Matching 3 Pattern Matching 4

Fig. 5(a)

Fig. 5(b)

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Fig. 5(c) Fig. 5(d) Fig. 5(e)

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Fig. 6 NI Vision Script for Iris recognition

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Mohinder Pal Joshi*et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 6, Issue No. 2, 277 - 281

Fig. 10(b) Result for second template

Fig. 7 Circular Edge detection Setup

Fig. 8 Circular Edge Strength Profile

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Fig. 9 Performance Meter Fig. 10(a) Result for first template Fig. 11 Front Panel for Iris Recognition

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Fig. 10(c) Result for third template

Fig. 10(d) Result for fourth template

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Mohinder Pal Joshi*et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 6, Issue No. 2, 277 - 281

IV.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

This paper describes an alternate method to identify individuals using images of their iris. Pattern matching is performed using NI Vision Assistant. This script is tested on 20 images from database [3]. NI LabVIEW is used for developing graphical user interface. This identification system is quite simple requiring few components and is effective enough to be integrated within security systems that require an identity check. For pattern matching, the acquired image is matched with the whole database of template. It is not recommended for large number of users but can work fine for small number of users. So, we propose to include some mathematical parameter along with the templates. This can drastically reduce the processing time of the system. REFERENCES
[1] Invited Talk by Anil K. Jain in Fourth International Conference on Image and Graphics.

J. Daughman "Complete Discrete 2-D Gabor Transformsby Neural Networks for Image Analysis and Compression", IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and signal Processing, VOL.36, No.7, July 1988. [3] Iris database- http://phoenix.inf.upol.cz/iris/download/ [4] J.G. Daugman, High Confidence Visual Recognition of Persons by a Test of Stastical Independence, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.15, pp. 1148-1161, Nov. 1993. [5] R.P. Wildes, Iris Recognition: An Emerging Biometric Technology, Proceedings of the IEEE, vo1. 85, pp.1348-1363, Sept. 1997. [6] J. Daugman, "How Iris Recognition Works," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 14, No. 1, January 2004. [7] C.C. Teo, and H. T. Ewe, "Development of Iris Preprocessing Method for Portable Devices," Multimedia University, Jalan Multimedia, Cyberjaya, 63100, Selangor, Malaysia. [8] E. Wolff. Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit. 7th edition. H. K. Lewis & Co. LTD, 1976. [9] John Daugman, Neural Image Processing Strategies Applied in RealTime Pattern Recognition, Real-Time Imaging, 1997, pp 157-171. [10] R.P. Wildes, J.C. Asmuth, G.L. Green, S.C. Hsu, R.J. Kolczynski, J.R. Matey, S.E. McBride.,A system for Automated Iris recognition, [11] M.L. Berliner, Biomicroscopy of the Eye,Paul B.Hoeber, Inc.194.

[2]

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