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1. The equation of the graph.

Based on the figure, assume that the graph is an ellipse.

 Label the parts of the graph

 Write the equation of the graph using the Standard Equation of Ellipse
 Verify the equation

Label the graph

2b-minor axis, the shorter axis
2a-major axis, the longer axis
Center (h,k)

Solution by Engr: NSB

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Writing the equation using the Standard Equation of Ellipse

Where
a, b, k, and h are
constants.
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (h, k) is the center
Form: + =1: The standard equation of
𝑎2 𝑏2 a is the semi-major
an ellipse
axis
b is the semi-minor
axis

Values
(h, k) --> (0, 0) Based on the figure the
a=3 center is at the origin, the
b=2 value of “a” is 3, and the
value of “b” is 2.
Substitute the values of
(𝑥 − 0)2 (𝑦 − 0)2
+ =1 constants to the standard
32 22 equation
Simplify the equation

𝑥2 𝑦2 The square of 3 is 9, and the

+ =1 square of 2 is 4.
9 4

To simplify the fraction,

𝑥2 𝑦2 multiply both sides of the
[ + ] (36) = 1(36)
9 4 equation by its LCD, which is
36.

36 2 36 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 36 distribute 36
9 4

Divide fractions, and this is

4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 36,
the equation of the curve

The equation can be written

4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 36 = 0
in its general form.

Solution by Engr: NSB

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Verify the Equation

There are points in the
Since the type of curve was
curve that can be used to
not specified on the
verify if the equation
problem, and we started on
represents the curve. Points that can be identified
the assumption that the
Meaning all the points on the curve, (0, -2), (0, -2),
curve is an ellipse. Thus, we
that lie on the curve (3, 0) and (-3, 0)
need to check if indeed our
should satisfy the given
answer satisfies the given
equation.
figure.

Try point(3,0) 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 36 = 0 The Equation

Substitute (3, 0) to the

4(3)2 + 9(0)2 − 36 = 0,
equation. x = 3 and y = 0.

4(9) + 0 - 36 = 0 The square of 3 is 9, and the

square of 0 is 0.

36 – 36 = 0
Four times nine is 36
Since the final answer is
0=0 true, then the point satisfies
the equation.
4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 36 = 0
Try point (0, -2)
4(0)2 + 9(−2)2 − 36 Substitute (0, -2) to the
=0 equation. x = 0 and y = -2.
4(0) + 9(4) - 36 = 0 The square of 2 is four
36 – 36 = 0 Four times nine is 36
Since the final answer is
0=0 true, then the point satisfies
the equation.

Solution by Engr: NSB

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2. Divide the polynomials 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 2 and x + y

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 2
Divide the polynomial
𝑥+𝑦

Long division is not appropriate as a solution to

this problem, although it is possible. The best way
(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 ) + (2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 )
to find the quotient is to reduce the fraction then
𝑥+𝑦 divide it. We can start by grouping the polynomials
at the numerator so that we can factor them.

Based on the rules of fractions, we can separate

(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 ) (2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 ) the terms this way. An example would be
2+3
=
+ 5
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 2 3
+
5 5

Factor the first numerator, by trial and error

(𝑥 − 3𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦) (2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 ) method. We wish to find a and b so that
+
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
(𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2

(𝑥 − 3𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦) 2𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) Factor the second numerator, we can factor out

+
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 common factors between the terms, which is 2xy.

(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) (𝑥 + 𝑦)
(𝑥 − 3𝑦) + (2𝑥𝑦) Rewrite each term
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) (𝑥 + 𝑦) (𝑥+𝑦)
(𝑥 − 3𝑦) + (2𝑥𝑦) = 1, Any term/number divided by itself is 1.
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦

𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 The quotient

Solution by Engr: NSB

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3. Solution:

Solution by Engr: NSB

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Eq 1
The location of the cat from the ground
ℎ =5+𝑥 is h. To find the value of “h”, x should
be solved first.

On the second figure, the value of x can

be solved using tangent function

𝑥 In a right triangle, the tangent of an

tan 74.5 =
12 angle is equal to its opposite side
divided by the adjacent side.

Here the opposite side of the angle is

x, and the adjacent side is 12

𝑥 = 12 tan 74.5 Multiply both sides by 12.

ℎ = 5 + 12𝑡𝑎𝑛74.5 Substitute x in eq 1

The answer is 48.270, the nearest

ℎ = 48.30feet
tenth is 2, and seven is greater than 5,
thus increase two by 1.

Solution by Engr: NSB

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4. Properties of Inverse matrices:

If A and B are matrices with AB=In, then A and B are inverses of each other.

So in this problem, we need t show that if we multiply the two matrices A and B,
the answer should be the identity matrix. That would be something like this,
1 0 2 −1 −2 2 1 0 0
[−2 1 1] [−3 −4 5 ]=[0 1 0]
1 1 2 1 1 −1 0 0 1

How to multiply n x n matrix?

- Multiply the elements of each row of the first matrix by the elements of
each column in the second matrix, and add the products.

1 0 2 −1 −2 2
[−2 1 1] [−3 −4 5]
1 1 2 1 1 −1

1(−1) + (0)(−3) + 2(1) 1(−2) + 0(−4) + 2(1) 1(2) + 0(5) + 2(−1)

= [ −2(−1) + 1(−3) + 1(1) −2(−2) + 1 (−4) + 1(1) −2(2) + 1 (5) + 1(−1)]
1(−1) + 1(−3) + 2 (1) 1(−2) + 1(−4) + 2(1) 1(2) + 1(5) + 2(−1)
Solution by Engr: NSB
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−1 + 0 + 2 −2 + 0 + 2 2+0−2
=[ 2−3+1 4−4+1 −4 + 5 − 1]
−1 − 3 + 2 −2 − 4 + 2 2+5−2
1 0 0
= [0 1 0]
−2 −4 5

Since the product is not an identity matrix and did not satisfy the property of an inverse
matrix, then the answer to the question is no.

5. Sum of a Geometric Series

Let 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , … 𝑎𝑛 be in a geometric
series, and the sum of all the terms is
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + … + 𝑎𝑛
represented by 𝑆𝑛 .
Where 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , … 𝑎𝑛 are real numbers

𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎𝑛
In a geometric series the ratio
This means that = =⋯= =𝑟 of the consecutive number is
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎𝑛−1
constant (r)
𝑎2 = 𝑎1 𝑟
𝑎3 = 𝑎2 𝑟 = 𝑎1 𝑟 2
All numbers in the series can be
𝑎4 = 𝑎3 𝑟 = 𝑎1 𝑟 3
written in terms of 𝑎1
...
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1

𝑠𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 𝑟 + 𝑎1 𝑟 2 + 𝑎1 𝑟 3 Substitute all the numbers in

+ ⋯ 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 terms of 𝑎1

𝑠𝑛
𝑎1
𝑎1 + 𝑎1 𝑟 + 𝑎1 𝑟 2 + 𝑎1 𝑟 3 + ⋯ 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 Divide both sides by 𝑎1
=
𝑎1

(eq 1)
𝑠𝑛 2 3
= 1 + 𝑟 + 𝑟 + 𝑟 + ⋯+ 𝑟 𝑛−1 This is the quotient after
𝑎1 division

Solution by Engr: NSB

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(eq
1.1) Rewrite the equation by
𝑠𝑛
− 1 = 𝑟 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 3 + ⋯ + 𝑟 𝑛−1 transposing 1 to the other side
𝑎1
of the equation.

𝑟𝑠𝑛 Multiply r to both sides of the

= 𝑟(1 + 𝑟 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 3 + ⋯ + 𝑟 𝑛−1 )
𝑎1 equation on eq 1

𝑟𝑠𝑛 Simplify further be distributing

= (𝑟 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 3 + ⋯ + 𝑟 𝑛−1 ) + 𝑟 𝑛
𝑎1 r

𝑟𝑠𝑛 𝑠𝑛 This part (𝑟 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 3 + ⋯ +

= ( − 1) + 𝑟 𝑛
𝑎1 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 ) is the same as eq 1.1

𝑆𝑛
Transpose to the other side
𝑟𝑠𝑛 𝑆𝑛 𝑎1
− = −1 + 𝑟 𝑛 of the equation. Or add
−𝑆𝑛
to
𝑎1 𝑎1 𝑎1
both sides of the equation

𝑟 1
𝑆𝑛 ( − ) = −1 + 𝑟 𝑛 Factor out 𝑆𝑛
𝑎1 𝑎1

𝑟−1 𝑟 1
𝑆𝑛 ( ) = −1 + 𝑟 𝑛 Subtract the fraction
𝑎1
−
𝑎1
𝑎1

𝑟−1 Multiply 𝑎1 on both sides of the

[𝑆𝑛 ( ) = −1 + 𝑟 𝑛 ] 𝑎1
𝑎1 equation

Simplify the equation by

𝑆𝑛 (𝑟 − 1) = (−1 + 𝑟 𝑛 )𝑎1
dividing 𝑎1

𝑎1 (−1 + 𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 = Divide both sides by r – 1
𝑟−1

Solution by Engr: NSB

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−𝑎1 (1 − 𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 = Factor out negative 1
− (1 − 𝑟 )

Negative divided by negative is

𝑎1 (1 − 𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 = positive. The desired equation
(1 − 𝑟 )
is achieved.

Solution by Engr: NSB