PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION the second most convenient communication
mode next to face-to-face interaction.
SYNTHESIS 1
1. Language is a human capacity that consists of
(a) a system of rules(also known as grammar),
(b) a sound system (phonology), and
(c) a vocabulary (lexicon).
2. While growing up in a community, people
acquire the languages used by those in the
community. This is the process of Language
acquisition.
3. The languages acquired while growing up are
known as mothertongues, which may also be
referred to as first languages.
4. Other than the first languages, there are
other languages that are needed for various
reasons. These other languages are referred to
as second languages.
5. People learn their second languages in school
or on their own.This is the process of language
learning.
6. In our interaction with other people, our
languages come into contact with their
languages, resulting in language change.
Language change is a natural behavior of all
languages.
SYNTHESIS 2
1. The various modes of communication are;
1. face-to-face,
2. video
3. audio
4. text-based
2. The video is used to connect two or more
people who cannot interact face-to-face. It is
3. Whereas the audio mode of communication
is limited to hearing only the speaker's voice,
most types of the text-based communication
are limited only to what is printed.
However, the latter has a wider reach and is
able to disseminate information to a larger
group of audience.
SYNTHESIS 3
1. There are various types of communication.
This types can be divided according to mode,
context, purpose and style.
•In terms of communication mode, the types of
communication are verbal, non-verbal, and
visual.
•In terms of context, the communication types
are intrapersonal, interpersonal,
extended,organizational, and intercultural.
•In terms of purpose and style,the types of
communication are formal and informal.
2. Verbal and non-verbal codes should
complement each other.With visual
communication, interpretation of signs and
symbols is crucial since people have different
ways of interpreting them.
It is important to always contextualize the
symbol/sign received in order to arrive at the
correct interpretation.
3. In any organization, a system of
communication should be put in place.
Transmission of message and message flow also
play an important role in effective
organizational communication.
4. People have different linguistic, religious,
ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds. It
is then necessary to pay attention to
intercultural communication to avoid
miscommunication and/or communication
breakdown.
5. Formal communication and informal
communication have different uses depending
on the situation. Both types may be in oral or
written mode.
SYNTHESIS 4
1. Some of the well-known conceptual models
are Aristotle, Shannon-Weaver, Laswell and
Berlo's models.
2. For oral communication to be effective, there
is a need to be clear with the purpose, complete
and concise with the message natural with the
delivery, and specific and timely with the
feedback.
SYNTHESIS 5
1. Globalization is essentially an economic
phenomenon because it is concerned with the
movement of people and products across
national with.
2. Because globalization moves people across
borders, its effects are felt not only in economic
terms, but in social and cultural aspects as well.
Thus, globalization also impacts
communication.
SYNTHESIS 6
1. With the rapid rise and spread of Internet
connectivity, the old forms of communication
have given way to new ones that make
communication easier and faster.
2. Technology tools in communication such as
social networking sites, for example, are used to
connect to distant family and relatives or old
friends, to meet new ones, or to share the most
trivial to the most important information or
ideas.
3. Each tool has its own strengths and
weaknesses. Whatever tool is used, it is
important to always be responsible in
conveying ideas or delivering messages.
SYNTHESIS 7
1. The diversity of people and culture impacts
communication.Communicating with people
coming from unfamiliar cultures poses
challenges.
2. The success of intercultural communication
does not depend on language skills alone, but
on openness and sensitivity to cultural diversity,
as well as on a genuine desire to understand
and be understood.
Synthesis 8
1. Intercultural communication plays an
important role in achieving effective
communication.
2. There are different varieties of English spoken
by countries colonized by Britain,
the US, Canada, and Australia: Singapore
English, Malaysian English, Philippine English,
and Thai English, among others. These varieties
have their own grammatical, lexical, and
syntactic features and should not be considered
as errors.
3. Language has formal and informal registers.
These registers have forms which define the
social situation.
4. The kind of register to be used affects the
way one speaks and writes.
SYNTHESIS 9
1. One cause of miscommunication or
misinterpretation is differing pronunciation.
Speakers have different ways of pronouncing
words because of differences in phonology.It is
then important to be exposed to the ways other
speakers of English use the language to reduce
the degree of difficulty that may be
experienced.
2. Aside from pronunciation, non-verbal
communication also plays an important role in
effective communication. Bodily gestures
should be properly interpreted as their
meanings vary from culture to culture.
3. One's purpose for communication as well as
his/her relationship to the listeners/readers will
determine the kind of language he/she will use.
SYNTHESIS 10
1. It is always challenging to deal with people
from different cultures.The challenge is lies in
the way of understanding not only the verbal
code but also the non-verbal code.
2. Misunderstandings between people of
different cultures can be caused by the
following:
•ambiguity,
•performance-related misunderstanding,
•language-related misunderstanding,
•gaps in world knowledge, and
•local context.
3. Intercultural communication can be studied
through the
1.functionalist approach,
2.interpretative approach, and
3.critical approach
SYNTHESIS 11
1. An explanation essay is a written piece of
work that addresses why' questions. It aims to
inform or educate readers.
2. Writing an explanation essay requires pre-
writing activities that will help you sharpen the
focus of your writing.
SYNTHESIS 12
1. Research is an essential component in the
production of an argumentative essay.
2. Writing the argumentative essay requires
pre-writing activities that help sharpen the
focus of your writing.
3. Intellectual honesty should be observed in
writing.
SYNTHESIS 13
1. When preparing a report or speech for oral
presentation, make a profile first of your
audience and the logistics involved, i.e.venue
and facilities. Then read up and research on the
topic so you can write an effective report,
speech, or talk.
2. When making your oral presentations, pay
attention to the paralinguistic cues and prosodic
features of the language.Whereas;
•paralinguistic cues- involves facial expression,
posture,gestures, and movement, •prosodic
features include intonation, tone, stress,
rhythm, and pause.
3. When making a group presentation, follow
strictly the guidelines so you can come up with
a good performance. Be a team player so that
the individually assigned parts cohere with each
other.
SYNTHESIS 14
1. A blog is the online equivalent of a journal or
diary entry.
2. Because of its public nature, a blog has more
visual material and makes use of topics that are
of general interest to the public.
SYNTHESIS 15
1. Literature is used as a vehicle for
communicating ideas.
2. Fictional elements come together to deliver
an author's message about the human
experience.
3. The fictional elements include;
•setting,
•plot,
•conflict,
•character,
•images,
•symbol, and
• theme
SYNTHESIS 16
1. Debates are used not only in formal contexts
but also in informal settings such as the home,
market, mall, church, and the like.
2. Debates can be classified into informal and
formal.
• informal debates happen anywhere,
• formal debates take place in formal settings
such as the classroom, the House of
Representatives, and the Senate.
•Informal debates simply call for an exchange
of arguments without any structure or rules to
follow.
•Conversely, formal debates follow a
procedure, have a structure, and observe a set
of rules.
3. Debates use all the language macro-skills:
•listening,
•speaking,
•reading,
• writing,
• viewing, and
•critical thinking.
Without one of these, a debater cannot argue
effectively.
SYNTHESIS 17
1. There are many communication materials
that cut across professions: business letters,
memoranda, and minutes of a meeting, among
others. Other genres are the Facebook,
Twitter,and LinkedIn which are found in social
media channels.

2. While traditional genres now have their

counterparts in the social media, their
structures are essentially the same.

3. One important genre that cuts across

disciplines is the business proposal which has
three major parts:

1. the problem statement,

2. the proposed solution, and
3. the costing or pricing.

SYNTHESIS 18

1. The job interview is a vital component of the

job application process.

2. Job interviews are conducted to determine

whether or not the applicants possess the
qualities expected from employees.