Name:- Vaishnavi Bharat Zagade.

Class:-F.Y.B.Pharma
Roll.No:-67
Project On:-Sport Information.
 CRICKET
1. THE ORIGIN....
Cricket is believed to have begun possibly as early as the 13th century as a game in
which country boys bowled at a tree stump or at the hurdle gate into a sheep pen.
This gate consisted of two uprights and a crossbar resting on the slotted tops; the
crossbar was called a bail and the entire gate a wicket. The fact that the bail could
be dislodged when the wicket was struck made this preferable to the stump, which
name was later applied to the hurdle uprights. Early manuscripts differ about the
size of the wicket, which acquired a third stump in the 1770s, but by 1706 the
pitch—the area between the wickets—was 22 yards long.The ball, once
presumably a stone, has remained much the same since the 17th century. Its
modern weight of between 5.5 and 5.75 ounces (156 and 163 grams) was
established in 1774.

The primitive bat was no doubt a shaped branch of a tree, resembling a modern
hockey stick but considerably longer and heavier. The change to a straight bat was
made to defend against length bowling, which had evolved with cricketers in
Hambledon, a small village in southern England.
 2.INTRODUCTION
International cricket in the early part of the 20th century was
dominated by the original members of the Imperial Cricket
Conference, England, Australia, and South Africa. Later renamed the
International Cricket Conference and then the International Cricket Council,
the ICC gradually took over more responsibility for the administration of the
game and shifted its power base from west to east. When in 2005 the ICC
moved its offices from Lord’s in London—home of the MCC, the game’s
original rulers and still its lawmakers—to Dubai, the shift away from the old
ways of governance was complete. The priorities of the game changed too.
By the turn of the 21st century, only Australia and England still played Test
cricket to full houses. Everywhere else, and particularly in India and
Pakistan, crowds flocked to see limited-overs internationals. Test cricket
became almost an afterthought. Although the power to change the laws of
the game have remained with the MCC, the ICC developed its own Code of
Conduct for players, officials, and administrators, which sets out
disciplinary procedures and protects the spirit of the game. It also organized
major international tournaments, including the one-day and Twenty20
World Cups and the Champions Trophy.
 3.GROUND DIMENSIONS.
1.The Pitch
A circular cricket field is considered as the perfect field but generally a cricket
pitch is slightly oval. Its diameter varies between 137m and 150m. The ICC Test
Match Standard Playing Conditions (October 2014) Law 19.1 defines the playing
area as a minimum of 137.16m from boundary to boundary square of the pitch,
with the shorter of the two square boundaries a minimum of 59.43m. The straight
boundary at both ends of the pitch is a minimum of 64m. Distances are measured
from the centre of the pitch.
Boundaries are not to exceed 82.29m from the centre of the pitch.
2.Boundary markings
All boundaries are marked by a rope or similar object as per the ICC rules. The rope
has a required minimum distance of 2.74m inside the perimeter fencing or
advertising signs. For grounds with a large playing area, the maximum length of
boundary should be used before applying the minimum 3 yards (2.74m) between
the boundary and the fence.

When marking a cricket playing field, buffer distances between cricket ground
boundaries in relation to other park infrastructure including car parks, roadways,
neighbouring properties and playgrounds need to be considered. Buffer distances
of between 20m to 40m from boundaries are preferable to reduce risk of damage
to park users and property.
3.Infield, outfield and close-infield
The infield, outfield and the close-infield are used to enforce field
restrictions and/or safety zones for some game formats and age groups.

Two semi-circles with a radius of 27.43m are drawn in the field of play.
The centre of these circles is the middle stump at either end of the pitch.
The circles are marked by continuous painted white lines or dots at
4.57m intervals, each dot to covered by a white plastic or rubber disc
measuring 18cm in diameter.

Two inner circles with a radius of 13.72m are also drawn on the field of
play. The centre of the circles is the centre point of the popping crease at
either end of the pitch. These areas are also marked with dots.
4.Famous players
1.MS Dhoni

Mahendra Singh Dhoni (born 7 July 1981) is an Indian

professional cricketer who was captain of the Indian national
cricket team in limited-overs formats from 2007 to 2017 and
in Test cricket from 2008 to 2014. He is a right-
handed wicket-keeper batsman.[3] He led the team to three
ICC trophies including the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, 2011
ICC Cricket World Cup and 2013 ICC Champions Trophy.
Under his captaincy, India won the Asia Cup two times,
in 2010 and 2016. India also won ICC Test Championship
Mace two times in 2010 and 2011 under his leadership. He
is considered as one of the greatest Captains and Wicket
Keeper-Batsmen of all time. Throughout his 15 year long
international career, Dhoni has won several awards and
accolades. Dhoni was born in Ranchi, Bihar (now
in Jharkhand) and hails from a Hindu Rajput family. He is the
youngest of three children of Pan Singh and Devaki
Devi. His paternal village Lwali, is in Jainti Tehsil, Lamgara
block of the Almora District of Uttarakhand. His parents
moved from Uttarakhand to Ranchi, Jharkhand where his
father worked as a pump operator in junior management
position in MECON Colony situated in Doranda area in
Ranchi. Unlike Dhoni, his uncle and cousins spell their
surname as Dhauni.
Previously Dhoni was the goalkeeper for his DAV Jawahar
Vidya Mandir school's football team, but after seeing his
goalkeeping skills, coach Keshav Ranjan Banerjee, one who
inspired Dhoni to be a cricketer, picked him to play cricket for
his school team. His exceptional wicketkeeping skills allowed
him to become the regular wicketkeeper at the Commando
Cricket Club (1995–1998). Based on his performance at club
cricket, he was picked for the 1997/98 season Vinoo Mankad
Trophy Under-16 Championship, where he performed well.
From 2001 to 2003, Dhoni worked as a Travelling Ticket
Examiner (TTE) at Kharagpur railway station under South
Eastern Railway in Midnapore (W), a district in West Bengal.
2.Sachin Tendulkar.
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar ( born 24 April 1973) is an Indian
former international cricketer who captained the Indian national
team. He is regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history
of cricket.
Tendulkar took up cricket at the age of eleven, made his Test
match debut on 15 November 1989 against Pakistan in Karachi at
the age of sixteen, and went on to
represent Mumbai domestically and India internationally for close
to twenty-four years. In 2002, halfway through his
career, Wisden ranked him the second-greatest Test batsman of
all time, behind Don Bradman, and the second-greatest ODI
batsman of all time, behind Viv Richards. Later in his career,
Tendulkar was part of the Indian team that won the 2011 Cricket
World Cup, his first win in six World Cup appearances for India. He
had previously been named "Player of the Tournament" at
the 2003 edition of the tournament.
Tendulkar received the Arjuna Award in 1994 for his outstanding
sporting achievements, the Khel Ratna Award, India's highest
sporting honour, in 1997, and the Padma Shri and Padma
Vibhushan awards in 1999 and 2008, respectively, two of India's
highest civilian awards. A few hours after the end of his last match
in November 2013, the Prime Minister's Office announced the
decision to award him the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian
award. As of 2021, he is the youngest recipient to date and was
the first sportsperson to receive the award. In 2012, Tendulkar
was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of
the Parliament of India. In 2010, Time magazine included
Tendulkar in its annual Time 100 list as one of the most influential
people in the world.
Tendulkar was awarded the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for
cricketer of the year at the 2010 ICC Awards.[14] Having retired
from ODI cricket in 2012, he retired from all forms of cricket in
November 2013 after playing his 200th Test match. Tendulkar
played 664 international cricket matches in total, scoring 34,357
runs.
In 2013, Tendulkar was included in an all-time Test World XI
compiled in 2013 to mark the 150th anniversary of Wisden
Cricketers' Almanack and he was only batsman of post war era
along with Viv Richards to get featured in the team.
In 2019 he was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.
 3.Virat Kohli.

Virat Kohli (born 5 November 1988) is an Indian

international cricketer and former captain of the India national
cricket team. He plays for Delhi in domestic cricket and Royal
Challengers Bangalore in the Indian Premier League as a right-
handed batsman. He is often considered one of the best batsmen
of his era and some critics believe him to be one of the best
limited-overs batsmen in history. Between 2013 and 2022, he
captained the India cricket team in 213 matches across all three
formats. With 40 wins out of 68 matches, though mostly winning
at home, Kohli is one of the most successful Indian Test captains
Kohli made his Test debut in 2011. He reached the number one
spot in the ICC rankings for ODI batsmen for the first time in 2013.
He has won Man of the Tournament twice at the ICC World
Twenty20 (in 2014 and 2016). He also holds the world record of
being the fastest to 23,000 international runs.
Kohli has been the recipient of many awards– most notably the Sir
Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Men's Cricketer of the Decade): 2011–
2020; Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Cricketer of the Year) in
2017 and 2018; ICC Test Player of the Year (2018); ICC ODI Player
of the Year (2012, 2017, 2018) and Wisden Leading Cricketer in
the World (2016, 2017 and 2018). At the national level, he was
awarded the Arjuna Award in 2013, the Padma Shri under the
sports category in 2017and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award,
the highest sporting honour in India, in 2018.
In 2016, he was ranked as one of the world's most famous
athletes by ESPN[11] and one of the most valuable athlete brands
by Forbes. In 2018, Time magazine named him one of the 100
most influential people in the world. In 2020, he was ranked 66th
in Forbes list of the top 100 highest-paid athletes in the world for
the year 2020 with estimated earnings of over $26 million.
4.Rohit Sharma.
Rohit Gurunath Sharma (born 30 April 1987) is an Indian
international cricketer who is the current captain of the Indian
national team. A right-handed opening batsman and an occasional
right-arm off break bowler, he is widely acknowledged as one of
the most outstanding batsmen of all time in limited overs cricket.
He plays for Mumbai in domestic cricket. He captains Mumbai
Indians in the Indian Premier League and they have won the
tournament a record five times under his leadership.
Sharma currently holds the world record for the highest individual
score (264) in a one-day international match and is the only player
to have scored three double-centuries in one-day internationals.
He won the ICC Men's ODI Cricketer of the Year award in 2019
after he scored five centuries in the 2019 World Cup. Sharma has
received two national honours, the Arjuna Award in 2015 and the
prestigious Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna in 2020.
Outside cricket, Sharma is an active supporter of animal welfare
campaigns. He is the official Rhino Ambassador for WWF-
India and is a member of People for the Ethical Treatment of
Animals (PETA). He has worked with PETA in its campaign to raise
awareness of the plight of homeless cats and dogs in India.
5. Jasprit Jasbirsingh Bumrah
Jasprit Jasbirsingh Bumrah (born 6 December 1993) is an Indian
international cricketer, who plays for the Indian national cricket
team in all formats of the game. He is the first Asian bowler to
take 5 wickets in a test innings in South
Africa, England and Australia during the same calendar year.
Bumrah was born in a Sikh Punjabi family which settled
in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Bumrah's father, Jasbir Singh, died when
he was 5 years old. He was brought up by his mother Daljit
Bumrah, a school teacher in Ahmedabad, Gujarat in a middle-class
surrounding. Daljit made an appearance in the
2019 Netflix documentary Cricket Fever: Mumbai Indians where
she was emotional on the cricketing success of her son.
On 15 March 2021, he married model and Star Sports presenter
Sanjana Ganesan in Goa. Hailing from Pune, Maharashtra,
Ganesan is a former Miss India finalist and was also a participant
in MTV's Splitsvilla in 2014.
In the two matches, T20I series against West Indies in August
2016, he became the bowler to claim most wickets (28) in
Twenty20 Internationals in one calendar year surpassing the
record of Dirk Nannes.
In January 2017, in the second match of T20I series of England's
2016–17 India tour, Bumrah picked up two wickets and gave away
20 runs and was awarded the Player of the Match. During
the 2017 Sri Lanka tour, Bumrah recorded the most wickets (15)
taken by any fast bowler in a bilateral ODI series of five or fewer
matches. He is remembered for bowling a no-ball in the final of
the Champions Trophy 2017 that resulted in a wicket. The
batsman, Fakhar Zaman, went on to score a match-defining
century.
6.Hardik Pandya.

Hardik Himanshu Pandya (born 11 October 1993) is an Indian

international cricketer who plays for Baroda in domestic cricket and
captains Gujarat Titans in the Indian Premier League. He is an all-
rounder who bats right-handed and bowls right-arm fast-medium. His
elder brother Krunal Pandya is also an international cricketer.
Hardik Pandya was born on 11 October 1993 in Surat, Gujarat. His father,
Himanshu Pandya, ran a small car finance business in Surat which he shut
down and shifted to Vadodara when Hardik was five; he did so in order to
facilitate his sons with better cricket training facilities. He enrolled his
two sons (Hardik and Krunal) into Kiran More's cricket academy in
Vadodara. Financially weak, the Pandya family lived in a rented
apartment in Gorwa, with the brothers using a second-hand car to travel
to the cricket ground.[4] Hardik studied at the MK High School until ninth
grade before dropping out to focus on cricket.
Hardik made steady progress in junior-level cricket and, according to
Krunal, "won a lot of matches single-handedly" in club cricket. In an
interview with the Indian Express, Hardik revealed that he was dropped
from his state age-group teams due to his "attitude problems." He added
that he was "just an expressive child" who does not "like to hide his
emotions."
According to his father, Hardik was a leg spinner until the age of 18 and
turned to fast bowling at the insistence of the Baroda coach Sanath
Kumar.
6.Awards
List of National Sports award recipients, showing the year, award and gender[1]

Year Recipient Award

1997–1998 Sachin Tendulkar Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna

2007 Mahendra Singh Dhoni Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna

2018 Virat Kohli Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna

2020 Rohit Sharma Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna

1961 Salim Durani Arjuna Award

1964 Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi Arjuna Award

1965 Vijay Manjrekar Arjuna Award

1966 Chandu Borde Arjuna Award

1967 Ajit Wadekar Arjuna Award

1968 E. A. S. Prasanna Arjuna Award

 List of National Sports award recipients, showing the year, award and gender[1]

Year Recipient Award

1969 Bishan Singh Bedi Arjuna Award

1970 Dilip Sardesai Arjuna Award

1971 Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan Arjuna Award

1972 B. S. Chandrashekhar Arjuna Award

1972 Eknath Solkar Arjuna Award

1975 Sunil Gavaskar Arjuna Award

1976 Shantha Rangaswamy Arjuna Award

1977–1978 Gundappa Viswanath Arjuna Award

1979–1980 Kapil Dev Arjuna Award

1980–1981 Chetan Chauhan Arjuna Award

1980–1981 Syed Kirmani Arjuna Award

1981 Dilip Vengsarkar Arjuna Award

1982 Mohinder Amarnath Arjuna Award

1983 Diana Edulji Arjuna Award

 List of National Sports award recipients, showing the year, award and gender[1]

Year Recipient Award

1984 Ravi Shastri Arjuna Award

1985 Shubhangi Kulkarni Arjuna Award

1986 Sandhya Agarwal Arjuna Award

1986 Mohammad Azharuddin Arjuna Award

1989 Madan Lal Arjuna Award

1993 Kiran More Arjuna Award

1993 Manoj Prabhakar Arjuna Award

1994 Sachin Tendulkar Arjuna Award

1995 Anil Kumble Arjuna Award

1996 Javagal Srinath Arjuna Award

1997 Sourav Ganguly Arjuna Award

1997 Ajay Jadeja Arjuna Award

1998 Rahul Dravid Arjuna Award

1998 Nayan Mongia Arjuna Award

 List of National Sports award recipients, showing the year, award and gender[1]

Year Recipient Award

2000 Venkatesh Prasad Arjuna Award

2001 VVS Laxman Arjuna Award

2002 Virender Sehwag Arjuna Award

2003 Mithali Raj Arjuna Award

2003 Harbhajan Singh Arjuna Award

2005 Anju Jain Arjuna Award

2006 Anjum Chopra Arjuna Award

2009 Gautam Gambhir Arjuna Award

2010 Jhulan Goswami Arjuna Award

2011 Zaheer Khan Arjuna Award

2012 Yuvraj Singh Arjuna Award

2013 Virat Kohli Arjuna Award

2014 Ravichandran Ashwin Arjuna Award

2015 Rohit Sharma Arjuna Award

 List of National Sports award recipients, showing the year, award and gender[1]

Year Recipient Award

2016 Ajinkya Rahane Arjuna Award

2017 Harmanpreet Kaur Arjuna Award

2017 Cheteshwar Pujara Arjuna Award

2018 Smriti Mandhana Arjuna Award

2019 Ravindra Jadeja Arjuna Award

2019 Poonam Yadav Arjuna Award

2020 Deepti Sharma Arjuna Award

2020 Ishant Sharma Arjuna Award

1.ARJUN AWARD.
2. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna
3. Dronacharya award.
7.References;
A.Inforation-Wikipedia
B.Images-Google

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