CONGRUENT TRIANGLES - 4 ASSIGNMENT 1

CONGRUENT TRIANGLES - 4
1. Prove that the medians of an equilateral triangle are equal.
2. In a ∆ABC, AB = AC and BC is extended to D, such that ∠ACD = 105°. Find ∠BAC.
3. In Fig. AB = AC and DB = DC, find the ratio ∠ABD: ∠ACD.

4. If the bisector of the exterior vertical angle of a triangle be parallel to the base. Show that the triangle
is isosceles.
5. PQR is a triangle in which PQ = PR and S is any point on the side PQ. Through S, a line is drawn
parallel to QR and intersecting PR at T. Prove that PS = PT.
6. In a ΔABC, it is given that AB = AC and the bisectors of B and C intersect at O. If M is a point on
BO produced, prove that ∠MOC = ∠ABC.
7. P is a point on the bisector of an angle ABC. If the line through P parallel to AB meets BC at Q,
prove that triangle BPQ is isosceles.
8. ABC is a triangle and D is the mid-point of BC. The perpendiculars from D to AB and AC are equal.
Prove that the triangle is isosceles.
9. In Figure, ABCD is a parallelogram in which ∠A = 60°. If the bisectors of ∠A, and ∠B meet at P,
prove that AD = DP, PC = BC and DC = 2AD.

10. In figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the mid-point of

side BC. If DE and AB when produced meet at F, prove that
AF = 2AB.
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Answers Key
2. 30 3. 1:1
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SOLUTIONS
1. Prove that the medians of an equilateral triangle are equal.
Sol: Let D, E, F are midpoints of BC, CA and AB.

Then, AD, BE and CF are medians of ABC.

Now, D Is midpoint of BC ⟹ BD = DC = BC/2

Similarly, CE = EA = AC/2

AF = FB = AB/2

Since ΔABC is an equilateral triangle

⟹ AB = BC = CA ... (i)

⟹ BD = DC = CE = EA = AF = FB = BC/2 = AC/2 = AB/2 .... (ii)

And also, ∠ABC = ∠BCA = ∠CAB = 60° ... (iii)

Now, consider ΔABD and ΔBCE AB = BC [From (i)]

BD = CE [From (ii)]

Now, in ΔTSR and ΔTRQ

TS = TR [From (iii)]

∠ABD = ∠BCE [From (iii)] [∠ABD and ∠ABC and ∠BCE and ∠BCA are same]

So, from SAS congruence criterion, we have

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ΔABD = ΔBCE

AD = BE .... (iv)

[Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal]

Now, consider ΔBCE and ΔCAF, BC = CA [From (i)]

∠BCE = ∠CAF [From (ii)]

[∠BCE and ∠BCA and ∠CAF and ∠CAB are same]

CE = AF [From (ii)]

So, from SAS congruence criterion, we have

ΔBCE = ΔCAF

BE = CF (v)

[Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal]

From (iv) and (v), we have

AD = BE = CF

Median AD = Median BE = Median CF

The medians of an equilateral triangle are equal.

Hence proved

2. In a ∆ABC, AB = AC and BC is extended to D, such that ∠ACD = 105°. Find ∠BAC.

Sol: We have,

AB = AC and ∠ACD = 105°

Since, ∠BCD = 180° = Straight angle

∠BCA + ∠ ACD = 180°

∠BCA + 105° = 180°

∠BCA = l80° - 105°

∠BCA = 75°

ΔABC is an isosceles triangle [AB = AC]

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∠ABC = ∠ ACB [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]

⇒ ∠ACB = 75°

∠ABC = ∠ACB = 75°

Sum of Interior angles of a triangle = 180°

∠ABC = ∠BCA + ∠CAB = 180°

75° + 75° + ∠CAB =180°

150° + ∠BAC = 180°

∠BAC = 30°

3. In Fig. AB = AC and DB = DC, find the ratio ∠ABD: ∠ACD.

Sol: Given,

AB = AC, DB = DC and given to find the ratio

∠ABD = ∠ACD

Now, ΔABC and ΔDBC are isosceles triangles since AB = AC and DB = DC respectively

∠ABC = ∠ACB and ∠DBC = ∠DCB [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]

Now consider,

∠ABD : ∠ACD

(∠ABC - ∠DBC): (∠ACB - ∠DCB)

(∠ABC - ∠DBC): (∠ABC - ∠DBC) [∠ABC = ∠ACB and ∠DBC = ∠DCB]

1: 1
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∠ABD: ∠ACD = 1: 1

4. If the bisector of the exterior vertical angle of a triangle be parallel to the base. Show that the triangle
is isosceles.
Sol: Given that the bisector of the exterior vertical angle of a triangle is parallel to the base and we have
to prove that the triangle is isosceles. Let ABC be a triangle such that AD is the angular bisector of
exterior vertical angle EAC and AD ∥ BC

Let ∠EAD = ∠1, ∠DAC = ∠2, ∠ABC = ∠3 and ∠ACB = ∠4

We have,

∠1 = ∠2 [AD is a bisector of ∠EAC]

∠1 = ∠3 [Corresponding angles]

and ∠2 = ∠4 [alternative angle]

∠3 = ∠4

AB = AC

Since, in ΔABC, two sides AB and AC are equal we can say that ΔABC is isosceles triangle.

5. PQR is a triangle in which PQ = PR and S is any point on the side PQ. Through S, a line is drawn
parallel to QR and intersecting PR at T. Prove that PS = PT.
Sol: Given that PQR is a triangle such that PQ = PR ant S is any point on the side PQ and ST ∥ QR.
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To Prove,

PS = PT

Since, PQ = PR

PQR is an isosceles triangle.

∠PQR = ∠PRQ

Now, ∠PST = ∠PQR and ∠PTS = ∠PRQ [Corresponding angles as ST parallel to QR]

Since, ∠PQR = ∠PRQ

∠PST = ∠PTS

Now, In ΔPST, ∠PST = ∠PTS

ΔPST is an isosceles triangle

Therefore, PS = PT

6. In a ΔABC, it is given that AB = AC and the bisectors of B and C intersect at O. If M is a point on

BO produced, prove that ∠MOC = ∠ABC.
Sol: Given that in ΔABC,

AB = AC and the bisector of ∠B and ∠C intersect at O. If M is a point on BO produced

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We have to prove ∠MOC = ∠ABC

Since,

AB = AC

∠B = ∠C (or)

BO and CO are bisectors of ∠ ABC and ∠ACB respectively

We have, in Δ OBC

∠OBC + ∠OCB + ∠BOC = 180° ... (ii)

And also

∠BOC + ∠COM = 180° ... (iii) [Straight angle]

Equating (ii) and (iii)

∠OBC + ∠OCB + ∠BOC = ∠BOC + ∠MOC

∠OBC + ∠OCB = ∠MOC [From (i)]

2∠OBC = ∠MOC [From (i)]

∠ABC = ∠MOC

Therefore, ∠MOC = ∠ABC

7. P is a point on the bisector of an angle ABC. If the line through P parallel to AB meets BC at Q,
prove that triangle BPQ is isosceles.
Sol: Given that P is a point on the bisector of an angle ABC, and PQ ∥ AB.

We have to prove that ΔBPQ is isosceles.

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Since,

BP is bisector of ∠ABC = ∠ABP = ∠PBC .... (i)

Now, PQ ∥ AB

∠BPQ = ∠ABP ... (ii) [alternative angles]

From (i) and (ii), we get

∠BPQ = ∠PBC (or) ∠BPQ = ∠PBQ

Now,

In BPQ,

∠BPQ = ∠PBQ

ΔBPQ is an isosceles triangle.

Hence proved

8. ABC is a triangle and D is the mid-point of BC. The perpendiculars from D to AB and AC are equal.
Prove that the triangle is isosceles.
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Sol: Given that, in two right triangles one side and acute angle of one are equal to the corresponding side
and angle of the other

We have to prove that the triangles are congruent

Let us consider two right triangles such that

∠B = ∠E = 90 ... (i)

AB = DE ... (ii)

∠C = ∠F ... (iii)

Now observe the two triangles ABC and DEF

∠C = ∠F [From (iii)]

∠B = ∠E [From (i)]

And AB = DE [From (ii)]

So, by AAS congruence criterion, we have

ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF

Therefore, the two triangles are congruent

Hence proved

9. In Figure, ABCD is a parallelogram in which ∠A = 60°. If the bisectors of ∠A, and ∠B meet at P,
prove that AD = DP, PC = BC and DC = 2AD.
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Sol:

AP bisects ∠A

Then, ∠DAP = ∠PAB = 30°

Adjacent angles are supplementary

Then, ∠A + ∠B = 180°

∠B + 60° = 180°

∠B = 180° − 60°

∠B = 120°

BP bisects ∠B

Then, ∠PBA = ∠PBC = 60°

∠PAB = ∠APD = 30° [Alternate interior angles]

⇒ ∠DAP = ∠APD

Therefore, AD = DP [Sides opposite to equal angles are in equal length]

Similarly

∠PBA = ∠BPC = 60° [Alternate interior angles]

Therefore, PC = BC

DC = DP + PC

DC = AD + BC [Since, DP = AD and PC = BC]

DC = 2AD [Since, AD = BC, opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal]

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10. In figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the mid-point of side BC. If DE and AB when produced
meet at F, prove that AF = 2AB.

Sol:
In ΔBEF and ΔCED

∠BEF = ∠CED [V.O]

BE = CE [E is the mid-point]

∠EBF = ∠ECD [Alternate interior angles]

∴ ΔBEF ≅ ΔCED [ASA congruence]

∴ BF = CD [CPCT]

AF = AB + AF

AF = AB + AB

AF = 2AB.

Hence proved.