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Calculus

➢ Indeterminate Form & Mean Value Theorems


ABOUT ME : ANKIT JOSHI
▪ 15+ Years' Teaching Experience
▪ Area of Expertise: Engineering Mathematics, Analog Circuits,
Signals & Systems
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Concept of Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
x
Q. Lt = ____ , where |x| is a modulus
x→0 x
function
A. 0
B. 1
C. –1
D. limit does not exist
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
x−2
Q. Lt = ______ , where |x – 2| is a
x→2 x−2
modulus function.
A. 1
B. 2
C. –1
D. Doesn’t exist
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Q. Which one of the following functions is
continuous at x = 3?

5, if x = 3
A. f x = ൞2x − 1, if x > 3
x+7
, if x < 3
2

4, if x=3
B. f x = ቊ
8 − x, if x≠3

x + 3, if x ≤ 3
C. f x = ቊ
x − 4, if x > 3
1
D. f x = , if x ≠ 3
x3 −27
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
x2 , if x ≤ 2
Q. Let f x = ቊ
mx + b , if x > 2
If f(x) is differentiable every where then
A. m = 4 and b = –4
B. m = 4 and b = 4
C. m = –4 and b = –4
D. m = –4 and b = 4
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
ax 2 + 1, x≤1
Q. If f x =ቊ 2 is
x + ax + b, x > 1
differentiable at x = 1 then
A. a = 1, b = 1
B. a = 1, b = 0
C. a = 2, b = 0
D. a = 2, b = 1
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
If the function
 (1 + Px ) − (1 − Px )
 ; −1  x  0
 x
f (x) = 
 2x + 1 
 x − 2  ; 0  x 1
 

is continuous [–1, 1] then P = ______.


Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
x, x≤1
Q. If f x = ቊ
2x − 1 , when x > 1
then at x = 1 which of the following is
true?
A. f(x) is continuous but not differentiate
B. f(x) is continuous and differentiable
C. f(x) is neither continuous nor
differentiable
D. f(x) is differentiable but not continuous
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Q. Let f be a real-valued function of a real variable
defined as f(x) = x2 for x ≥ 0, and f(x) = –x2 for x <
0. Which one of the following statements is true?
A. f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
B. f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
C. f(x) is differentiable but its first derivative is not
continuous at x = 0
D. f(x) is differentiable but its first derivative is not
differentiable at x = 0
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Q. Lt x = ______ , where [x] is a step
x→6
function
A. –6
B. 5
C. 0
D. limit does not exist
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Q. Lt5 x − x =______ , where [x] is a step
x→
4
function
A. 1/4
B. –1/4
C. 1/3
D. Doesn’t exist
Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Indeterminate – Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Indeterminate – Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

Problems on 0° – form:-
lim x x
x →0
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

lim ( sin x )
tan x
x →0
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

Problems on ∞° – form,
lim ( cotx )
1/loge x
x →0
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

lim ( cot x )
sin x
x →0
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

lim ( tan x )
cos x

x→
2
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

Problems on 1∞ – form:-
lim ( sin x )
tan x

x→
2
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

1/x
 ax + bx 
lim  
x →0  2
 
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

Problems on 0 × ∞ – form :-
 x + 3
lim x.loge  
x→   x −3
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

Problems on (∞ – ∞) – form :-
 2 1 
lim  2 − 
x→1  x − 1 x −1
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form


Problems based on ′ ′ – form :-

loge ( sin x )
lim
x →0 cot x
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

lim log
x →0 tan x
( tan2x )
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form

𝟎
Problems based on ′ ′ form
𝟎

𝐚 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙
If lim is finite.
x→0 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝒙

Find the value of a and the limit


Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Find the values of a, b, c so that,

aex − b.cos x + ce−x


lim =2
x→ 0 x.sin x
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
Calculus: Limits-Indeterminate Form
1
Lt 7n + 5n n = _______.
n→∞
Mean Value Theorems
Mean-value theorems:-
I. Rolle’s theorems :-
Let f(x) be a function defined in [a, b] such that,
(i) f(x) is continuous in [a, b]
(ii) f(x) is differentiable in (a, b)
(iii) f(a) = f(b)
then, there exists at least one-point c in the (a, b)
such that f’(C) = 0
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
II. Lagrange’s Mean-value theorems
Consider a function f(x) such that,
(i) f(x) is continuous in [a, b]
(ii) f(x) is differentiable in (a, b)
then, there exists at least one-point ‘c’ in the
interval (a, b) such that,
f b −f a
f′ c = b−a
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
III. Cauchy’s Mean-value theorems
Consider two functions f(x) and g(x) such that,
(i) f(x) and g(x) are continuous in [a, b]
(ii) f(x) & g(x) are differentiable in (a,b)
then, there exists at-least one-point c in the
interval (a, b) such that,
f′ c f b −f a
=g
g′ c b −g a
provided g ′ x ≠ 0 ; ∀x in a, b
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Q. Find ‘c’ of Rolle’s then for f(x) = ex.sinx in
[0, π]
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Q. Find ‘c’ of Lagrange’s mean value theorem
for f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 in [0, 4]
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Q. Find ‘c’ of Cauchy’s mean value then for
−π
f x = sin x & g x = cos x in , 0
2
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems

The value of ‘c’ of Cauchy’s mean value


1
theorem for f x = x and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 in [1, 3]
is _________.
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Q. The equation
8
sin ( x ) + 2 sin (2 x ) + 3 sin (3 x ) =

has at least one root in
π
A. , π
2
π
B. 0, 2

C. π,
2
D. none of these
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
1
Q. If f ′ x = 1+x2 for all x & f(0) = 0 then an
interval in which f(2) lies, is
A. (2, 4)
B. (0.4, 2)
C. (0, 0.4)
D. (0.1, 0.2)
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems
Mean Value Theorems

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