Chap 02 Kinematics

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z $CDGLCNMQGRGMLBGQNJ?ACKCLRBGQR?LAC?LBBGQR?LACRP?TCJCB
z %VNJ?GLRFCPCJ?RGMLQFGN@CRUCCLNMQGRGML?LBBGQNJ?ACKCLR
z $GQRGLESGQF@CRUCCLBGQNJ?ACKCLR?LBBGQR?LACRP?TCJCB
z #?JASJ?RCBGQNJ?ACKCLR?LBBGQR?LACEGTCLGLGRG?JNMQGRGMLDGL?JNMQGRGML?LBRFCN?RF@CRUCCLRFCRUM
0:8IDGH
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z $CQAPG@CRFCKMRGMLMDM@HCARQRF?R?PCGLDPCCD?JJ
z #?JASJ?RCRFCNMQGRGML?LBTCJMAGRWMDM@HCARQGLDPCCD?JJ
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z $CRCPKGLC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWMPGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRWDPMK?EP?NFMDNMQGRGMLTQRGKC
z $CRCPKGLC?TCP?ECMPGLQR?LR?LCMSQ?AACJCP?RGMLDPMK?EP?NFMDTCJMAGRWTQRGKC
z $CPGTC?EP?NFMDTCJMAGRWTQRGKCDPMK?EP?NFMDNMQGRGMLTQRGKC
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
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>HEA68:B:CI
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GLNMQGRGMLMPBGQNJ?ACKCLRGLRFCDP?KCMDPCDCPCLACAPCBGR3SX?L"J?AI&MRMNCBG?
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N?QQCLECPKMTCQRMU?PBRFCPC?PMD?L?GPNJ?LC RFCLRFCM@HCARwQNMQGRGMLAF?LECQ4FGQAF?LECGLNMQGRGMLGQILMUL?Q
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$GQNJ?ACKCLRGQRFC 6;4A:8<ACBF<G<BA MD?LM@HCAR
Δx = x f − x 0,
UFCPC Δx GQBGQNJ?ACKCLR x f GQRFCDGL?JNMQGRGML?LB x 0 GQRFCGLGRG?JNMQGRGML
)LRFGQRCVRRFCSNNCPA?QC'PCCIJCRRCP Δ BCJR? ?JU?WQKC?LQxAF?LECGLyUF?RCTCPOS?LRGRWDMJJMUQGRRFSQ Δx KC?LQ

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4FGQ/NCL3R?V@MMIGQ?T?GJ?@JCDMPDPCC?RFRRNALVMPEAMLRCLRAMJ
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
DCCR?LBMRFCPSLGRQMDJCLERF?PCSQCB+CCNGLKGLBRF?RUFCLSLGRQMRFCPRF?LRFCKCRCP?PCSQCBGL?NPM@JCKWMSK?WLCCB

RMAMLTCPRRFCKGLRMKCRCPQRMAMKNJCRCRFCA?JASJ?RGML
><JG: !NPMDCQQMPN?ACQJCDR?LBPGEFRUFGJCJCARSPGLE(CPNMQGRGMLPCJ?RGTCRM%?PRFGQEGTCL@W x 4FC +2.0 m BGQNJ?ACKCLRMDRFCNPMDCQQMP

PCJ?RGTCRM%?PRFGQPCNPCQCLRCB@W?L?PPMUNMGLRGLERMRFCPGEFR
><JG: !N?QQCLECPKMTCQDPMKFGQQC?RRMRFC@?AIMDRFCNJ?LC(GQJMA?RGMLPCJ?RGTCRMRFC?GPNJ?LCGQEGTCL@W x 4FC −4.0-m BGQNJ?ACKCLR

MDRFCN?QQCLECPPCJ?RGTCRMRFCNJ?LCGQPCNPCQCLRCB@W?L?PPMURMU?PBRFCPC?PMDRFCNJ?LC.MRGACRF?RRFC?PPMUPCNPCQCLRGLEFGQBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQ
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.MRCRF?RBGQNJ?ACKCLRF?Q?BGPCARGML?QUCJJ?Q?K?ELGRSBC4FCNPMDCQQMPwQBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQKRMRFCPGEFR?LBRFC?GPJGLC
N?QQCLECPwQBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQKRMU?PBRFCPC?P)LMLC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGMLBGPCARGMLA?L@CQNCAGDGCBUGRF?NJSQMPKGLSQ
QGEL7FCLWMS@CEGL?NPM@JCKWMSQFMSJBQCJCARUFGAFBGPCARGMLGQNMQGRGTCSQS?JJWRF?RUGJJ@CRMRFCPGEFRMPSN@SRWMS?PC
DPCCRMQCJCARNMQGRGTC?Q@CGLE?LWBGPCARGML 4FCNPMDCQQMPwQGLGRG?JNMQGRGMLGQ x 0 = 1.5 m ?LBFCPDGL?JNMQGRGMLGQ
x f = 3.5 m 4FSQFCPBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQ
Δx = x f −x 0 = 3.5 m − 1.5 m = + 2.0 m.
)LRFGQAMMPBGL?RCQWQRCKKMRGMLRMRFCPGEFRGQNMQGRGTCUFCPC?QKMRGMLRMRFCJCDRGQLCE?RGTC3GKGJ?PJWRFC?GPNJ?LC

N?QQCLECPwQGLGRG?JNMQGRGMLGQ x 0 = 6.0 m ?LBFGQDGL?JNMQGRGMLGQ x f = 2.0 m QMFGQBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQ
Δx = x f −x 0 = 2.0 m − 6.0 m = −4.0 m.
(GQBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQLCE?RGTC@CA?SQCFGQKMRGMLGQRMU?PBRFCPC?PMDRFCNJ?LCMPGLRFCLCE?RGTC x BGPCARGMLGLMSPAMMPBGL?RC

#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
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BGQNJ?ACKCLRUMSJB@CK@SRRFCBGQR?LACQFCRP?TCJCBUMSJB@CK)LIGLCK?RGAQUCLC?PJW?JU?WQBC?JUGRF
BGQNJ?ACKCLR?LBK?ELGRSBCMDBGQNJ?ACKCLR?LB?JKMQRLCTCPUGRFBGQR?LACRP?TCJCB/LCU?WRMRFGLI?@MSRRFGQGQRM
?QQSKCWMSK?PICBRFCQR?PRMDRFCKMRGML?LBRFCCLBMDRFCKMRGML4FCBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQQGKNJWRFCBGDDCPCLACGLRFC
NMQGRGMLMDRFCRUMK?PIQ?LBGQGLBCNCLBCLRMDRFCN?RFR?ICLGLRP?TCJGLE@CRUCCLRFCRUMK?PIQ4FCBGQR?LACRP?TCJCB
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? 4FCPGBCPwQBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQ Δx = x f − x 0 = −1 km 4FCBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQLCE?RGTC@CA?SQCUCR?ICC?QRRM@C
NMQGRGTC?LBUCQRRM@CLCE?RGTC
@ 4FCBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBGQ 3 km + 2 km = 5 km
A 4FCK?ELGRSBCMDRFCBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQ 1 km
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
0:8IDGH
-86A6GH
6C9DDG9>C6I:-NHI:BH
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RFGQA?QCGRK?W@CAMLTCLGCLRRMAFMMQCKMRGMLRMU?PBRFCJCDR?QNMQGRGTCKMRGMLGRGQRFCDMPU?PBBGPCARGMLDMPRFCNJ?LC ?JRFMSEFGLK?LWA?QCQ
RFC x AMMPBGL?RCPSLQDPMKJCDRRMPGEFRUGRFKMRGMLRMRFCPGEFR?QNMQGRGTC?LBKMRGMLRMRFCJCDR?QLCE?RGTCAPCBGR!PKAF?GP!TG?RMP&JGAIP
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4FCBGPCARGMLMD?TCARMPGLMLC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGMLGQEGTCLQGKNJW@W?NJSQ ( + ) MPKGLSQ ( − ) QGEL6CARMPQ?PC
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#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
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-DAJI>DC
3NCCBGQ?QA?J?POS?LRGRW)RBMCQLMRAF?LEC?R?JJUGRFBGPCARGMLAF?LECQRFCPCDMPCGRF?QK?ELGRSBCMLJW)DGRUCPC?
TCARMPOS?LRGRWGRUMSJBAF?LEC?QBGPCARGMLAF?LECQCTCLGDGRQK?ELGRSBCPCK?GLCBAMLQR?LR
.>B:
0:AD8>IN
6C9-E::9
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4FCPCGQKMPCRMKMRGMLRF?LBGQR?LAC?LBBGQNJ?ACKCLR1SCQRGMLQQSAF?Qx(MUJMLEBMCQ?DMMRP?ACR?ICy?LBx7F?RU?Q
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TCJMAGRW?LBQNCCBRMCVN?LBMSPBCQAPGNRGMLMDKMRGML
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@C?LSK@CPML?BGEGR?JAJMAI?FC?PR@C?RMPRFCNMQGRGMLMDRFC3SLGLRFCQIW)LNFWQGAQRFCBCDGLGRGMLMDRGKCGQQGKNJCu I>B:
GQ 6;4A:8MPRFCGLRCPT?JMTCPUFGAFAF?LECMAASPQ)RGQGKNMQQG@JCRMILMURF?RRGKCF?QN?QQCBSLJCQQQMKCRFGLEAF?LECQ
4FC?KMSLRMDRGKCMPAF?LECGQA?JG@P?RCB@WAMKN?PGQMLUGRF?QR?LB?PB4FC3)SLGRDMPRGKCGQRFCQCAMLB?@@PCTG?RCBQ7C
KGEFRDMPCV?KNJCM@QCPTCRF?R?ACPR?GLNCLBSJSKK?ICQMLCDSJJQUGLECTCPWQ7CAMSJBRFCLSQCRFCNCLBSJSKRM
KC?QSPCRGKC@WAMSLRGLEGRQQUGLEQMPMDAMSPQC@WAMLLCARGLERFCNCLBSJSKRM?AJMAIKCAF?LGQKRF?RPCEGQRCPQRGKCML?
BG?J4FGQ?JJMUQSQRMLMRMLJWKC?QSPCRFC?KMSLRMDRGKC@SR?JQMRMBCRCPKGLC?QCOSCLACMDCTCLRQ
(MUBMCQRGKCPCJ?RCRMKMRGML7C?PCSQS?JJWGLRCPCQRCBGLCJ?NQCBRGKCDMP?N?PRGASJ?PKMRGMLQSAF?QFMUJMLEGRR?ICQ?L
?GPNJ?LCN?QQCLECPRMECRDPMKFGQQC?RRMRFC@?AIMDRFCNJ?LC4MDGLBCJ?NQCBRGKCUCLMRCRFCRGKC?RRFC@CEGLLGLE?LBCLB
MDRFCKMRGML?LBQS@RP?ARRFCRUM&MPCV?KNJC?JCARSPCK?WQR?PR?R!-?LBCLB?R!-QMRF?RRFCCJ?NQCB
RGKCUMSJB@CKGL A6EH:9I>B: Δt GQRFCBGDDCPCLAC@CRUCCLRFCCLBGLERGKC?LB@CEGLLGLERGKC
Δt = t f − t 0,
UFCPC Δt GQRFCAF?LECGLRGKCMPCJ?NQCBRGKC t f GQRFCRGKC?RRFCCLBMDRFCKMRGML?LB t 0 GQRFCRGKC?RRFC@CEGLLGLEMD

RFCKMRGML!QSQS?JRFCBCJR?QWK@MJ Δ KC?LQRFCAF?LECGLRFCOS?LRGRWRF?RDMJJMUQGR
,GDCGQQGKNJCPGDRFC@CEGLLGLERGKC t 0 GQR?ICLRM@CXCPM?QUFCLUCSQC?QRMNU?RAF)DUCUCPCSQGLE?QRMNU?RAFGRUMSJB
QGKNJWPC?BXCPM?RRFCQR?PRMDRFCJCARSPC?LBKGL?RRFCCLB)D t 0 = 0 RFCL Δt = t f ≡ t
)LRFGQRCVRDMPQGKNJGAGRWwQQ?IC
z KMRGMLQR?PRQ?RRGKCCOS?JRMXCPM (t 0 = 0)
z RFCQWK@MJ t GQSQCBDMPCJ?NQCBRGKCSLJCQQMRFCPUGQCQNCAGDGCB (Δt = t f ≡ t)
6CJMAGRW
9MSPLMRGMLMDTCJMAGRWGQNPM@?@JWRFCQ?KC?QGRQQAGCLRGDGABCDGLGRGML9MSILMURF?RGDWMSF?TC?J?PECBGQNJ?ACKCLRGL?QK?JJ
?KMSLRMDRGKCWMSF?TC?J?PECTCJMAGRW?LBRF?RTCJMAGRWF?QSLGRQMDBGQR?LACBGTGBCB@WRGKCQSAF?QKGJCQNCPFMSPMP
IGJMKCRCPQNCPFMSP
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
!TCP?EC6CJMAGRW
K:G6<:K:AD8>IN GQ 7<FC?468@8AG6;4A:8<ACBF<G<BA7<I<7875LG;8G<@8B9GE4I8?
x −x
v- = Δx = t f − t 0 ,
Δt f 0
UFCPC v- GQRFC 4I8E4:8 GLBGA?RCB@WRFC@?PMTCPRFC v TCJMAGRW Δx GQRFCAF?LECGLNMQGRGMLMPBGQNJ?ACKCLR ?LB x f

?LB x 0 ?PCRFCDGL?J?LB@CEGLLGLENMQGRGMLQ?RRGKCQ t f ?LB t 0 PCQNCARGTCJW)DRFCQR?PRGLERGKC t 0 GQR?ICLRM@CXCPM
RFCLRFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWGQQGKNJW

v- = Δx
t .
.MRGACRF?RRFGQBCDGLGRGMLGLBGA?RCQRF?R I8?B6<GL<F4I86GBE5864HF87<FC?468@8AG<F4I86GBE)RF?Q@MRFK?ELGRSBC?LBBGPCARGML
4FC3)SLGRDMPTCJMAGRWGQKCRCPQNCPQCAMLBMPKQ@SRK?LWMRFCPSLGRQQSAF?QIKFKGF?JQMUPGRRCL?QKNF ?LBAKQ
?PCGLAMKKMLSQC3SNNMQCDMPCV?KNJC?L?GPNJ?LCN?QQCLECPRMMIQCAMLBQRMKMTC~KRFCLCE?RGTCQGELGLBGA?RCQRF?R
BGQNJ?ACKCLRGQRMU?PBRFC@?AIMDRFCNJ?LC (GQ?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWUMSJB@C

v- = Δx −4 m
t = 5 s = − 0.8 m/s.
4FCKGLSQQGELGLBGA?RCQRFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWGQ?JQMRMU?PBRFCPC?PMDRFCNJ?LC
4FC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWMD?LM@HCARBMCQLMRRCJJSQ?LWRFGLE?@MSRUF?RF?NNCLQRMGR@CRUCCLRFCQR?PRGLENMGLR?LBCLBGLENMGLR
FMUCTCP&MPCV?KNJCUCA?LLMRRCJJDPMK?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWUFCRFCPRFC?GPNJ?LCN?QQCLECPQRMNQKMKCLR?PGJWMP@?AIQSN
@CDMPCFCEMCQRMRFC@?AIMDRFCNJ?LC4MECRKMPCBCR?GJQUCKSQRAMLQGBCPQK?JJCPQCEKCLRQMDRFCRPGNMTCPQK?JJCPRGKC
GLRCPT?JQ
><JG: !KMPCBCR?GJCBPCAMPBMD?L?GPNJ?LCN?QQCLECPFC?BGLERMU?PBRFC@?AIMDRFCNJ?LCQFMUGLEQK?JJCPQCEKCLRQMDFGQRPGN
4FCQK?JJCPRFCRGKCGLRCPT?JQAMLQGBCPCBGL?KMRGMLRFCKMPCBCR?GJCBRFCGLDMPK?RGML7FCLUCA?PPWRFGQNPMACQQRMGRQJMEGA?J
AMLAJSQGMLUC?PCJCDRUGRF?LGLDGLGRCQGK?JJWQK?JJGLRCPT?J/TCPQSAF?LGLRCPT?JRFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW@CAMKCQRFC
<AFG4AG4A8BHFI8?B6<GL MPRFC I8?B6<GL4G4FC86<9<6<AFG4AG!A?PwQQNCCBMKCRCPDMPCV?KNJCQFMUQRFCK?ELGRSBC@SRLMRRFC
BGPCARGML MDRFCGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRWMDRFCA?P0MJGACEGTCRGAICRQ@?QCBMLGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW@SRUFCLA?JASJ?RGLEFMU
JMLEGRUGJJR?ICRMECRDPMKMLCNJ?ACRM?LMRFCPML?PM?BRPGNWMSLCCBRMSQC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW #CHI6CI6C:DJHK:AD8>IN v GQ
RFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW?R?QNCAGDGAGLQR?LRGLRGKCMPMTCP?LGLDGLGRCQGK?JJWQK?JJRGKCGLRCPT?J
-?RFCK?RGA?JJWDGLBGLEGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW v ?R?NPCAGQCGLQR?LR t A?LGLTMJTCR?IGLE?JGKGR?A?JASJSQMNCP?RGML@CWMLB
RFCQAMNCMDRFGQRCVR(MUCTCPSLBCPK?LWAGPASKQR?LACQUCA?LDGLBNPCAGQCT?JSCQDMPGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRWUGRFMSR
A?JASJSQ
3NCCB
)LCTCPWB?WJ?LES?ECKMQRNCMNJCSQCRFCRCPKQxQNCCBy?LBxTCJMAGRWyGLRCPAF?LEC?@JW)LNFWQGAQFMUCTCPRFCWBMLMRF?TC
RFCQ?KCKC?LGLE?LBRFCW?PCBGQRGLARAMLACNRQ/LCK?HMPBGDDCPCLACGQRF?RQNCCBF?QLMBGPCARGML4FSQ FC887<F4F64?4E
*SQR?QUCLCCBRMBGQRGLESGQF@CRUCCLGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW?LB?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWUC?JQMLCCBRMBGQRGLESGQF@CRUCCL
GLQR?LR?LCMSQQNCCB?LB?TCP?ECQNCCB
#CHI6CI6C:DJHHE::9 GQRFCK?ELGRSBCMDGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW&MPCV?KNJCQSNNMQCRFC?GPNJ?LCN?QQCLECP?RMLCGLQR?LR
F?B?LGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRWMD~KQRFCKGLSQKC?LGLERMU?PBRFCPC?PMDRFCNJ?LC !RRF?RQ?KCRGKCFGQGLQR?LR?LCMSQ
QNCCBU?QKQ/PQSNNMQCRF?R?RMLCRGKCBSPGLE?QFMNNGLERPGNWMSPGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRWGQIKFBSCLMPRF9MSP
GLQR?LR?LCMSQQNCCB?RRF?RGLQR?LRUMSJB@CIKFuRFCQ?KCK?ELGRSBC@SRUGRFMSR?BGPCARGML!TCP?ECQNCCBFMUCTCPGQ
TCPWBGDDCPCLRDPMK?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW K:G6<:HE::9 GQRFCBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBBGTGBCB@WCJ?NQCBRGKC
7CF?TCLMRCBRF?RBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBA?L@CEPC?RCPRF?LRFCK?ELGRSBCMDBGQNJ?ACKCLR3M?TCP?ECQNCCBA?L@CEPC?RCPRF?L
?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWUFGAFGQBGQNJ?ACKCLRBGTGBCB@WRGKC&MPCV?KNJCGDWMSBPGTCRM?QRMPC?LBPCRSPLFMKCGLF?JD?LFMSP?LB
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
WMSPA?PwQMBMKCRCPQFMUQRFCRMR?JBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBU?QIKRFCLWMSP?TCP?ECQNCCBU?QIKF9MSP?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW
FMUCTCPU?QXCPM@CA?SQCWMSPBGQNJ?ACKCLRDMPRFCPMSLBRPGNGQXCPM$GQNJ?ACKCLRGQAF?LECGLNMQGRGML?LBRFSQGQXCPM
DMP?PMSLBRPGN 4FSQ?TCP?ECQNCCBGQ ABG QGKNJWRFCK?ELGRSBCMD?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW
><JG: $SPGLE? KGLSRCPMSLBRPGNRMRFCQRMPCRFCRMR?JBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBGQIK4FC?TCP?ECQNCCBGQIKF4FCBGQNJ?ACKCLRDMPRFC

PMSLBRPGNGQXCPMQGLACRFCPCU?QLMLCRAF?LECGLNMQGRGML4FSQRFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWGQXCPM
!LMRFCPU?WMDTGQS?JGXGLERFCKMRGMLMD?LM@HCARGQRMSQC?EP?NF!NJMRMDNMQGRGMLMPMDTCJMAGRW?Q?DSLARGMLMDRGKCA?L@C
TCPWSQCDSJ&MPCV?KNJCDMPRFGQRPGNRMRFCQRMPCRFCNMQGRGMLTCJMAGRW?LBQNCCB TQ RGKCEP?NFQ?PCBGQNJ?WCBGL ><JG:
.MRCRF?RRFCQCEP?NFQBCNGAR?TCPWQGKNJGDGCB BD9:A MDRFCRPGN7C?PC?QQSKGLERF?RQNCCBGQAMLQR?LRBSPGLERFCRPGNUFGAF
GQSLPC?JGQRGAEGTCLRF?RUCwJJNPM@?@JWQRMN?RRFCQRMPC"SRDMPQGKNJGAGRWwQQ?ICUCUGJJKMBCJGRUGRFLMQRMNQMPAF?LECQGL
QNCCB7C?PC?JQM?QQSKGLERF?RRFCPMSRC@CRUCCLRFCQRMPC?LBRFCFMSQCGQ?NCPDCARJWQRP?GEFRJGLC
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: 0MQGRGMLTQRGKCTCJMAGRWTQRGKC?LBQNCCBTQRGKCML?RPGN.MRCRF?RRFCTCJMAGRWDMPRFCPCRSPLRPGNGQLCE?RGTC
-?IGLE#MLLCARGMLQ4?IC (MKC)LTCQRGE?RGMLu'CRRGLE?3CLQCMD3NCCB
)DWMSF?TCQNCLRKSAFRGKCBPGTGLEWMSNPM@?@JWF?TC?EMMBQCLQCMDQNCCBQ@CRUCCL?@MSR?LBKGJCQNCPFMSP
"SRUF?R?PCRFCQCGLKCRCPQNCPQCAMLB7F?RBMUCKC?LUFCLUCQ?WRF?RQMKCRFGLEGQKMTGLE?RKQ4MECR?
@CRRCPQCLQCMDUF?RRFCQCT?JSCQPC?JJWKC?LBMQMKCM@QCPT?RGMLQ?LBA?JASJ?RGMLQMLWMSPMUL
z A?JASJ?RCRWNGA?JA?PQNCCBQGLKCRCPQNCPQCAMLB
z CQRGK?RCHMEEGLE?LBU?JIGLEQNCCB@WRGKGLEWMSPQCJDAMLTCPRRFCKC?QSPCKCLRQGLRM@MRFKQ?LBKGF
z BCRCPKGLCRFCQNCCBMD?L?LRQL?GJMPD?JJGLEJC?D
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
!AMKKSRCPRP?GLRP?TCJQDPMK"?JRGKMPCRM7?QFGLERML$#?LB@?AIGLFMSP?LBKGLSRCQ4FCBGQR?LAC@CRUCCLRFC
RUMQR?RGMLQGQ?NNPMVGK?RCJWKGJCQ7F?RGQ? RFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWMDRFCRP?GL?LB@ RFC?TCP?ECQNCCBMDRFCRP?GLGL
KQ
-DAJI>DC
? 4FC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWMDRFCRP?GLGQXCPM@CA?SQC x f = x 0 RFCRP?GLCLBQSN?RRFCQ?KCNJ?ACGRQR?PRQ
@ 4FC?TCP?ECQNCCBMDRFCRP?GLGQA?JASJ?RCB@CJMU.MRCRF?RRFCRP?GLRP?TCJQKGJCQMLCU?W?LBKGJCQ@?AIDMP?
RMR?JBGQR?LACMDKGJCQ
distance = 80 miles
time 105 minutes
80 miles × 5280 feet × 1 meter × 1 minute = 20 m/s
105 minutes 1 mile 3.28 feet 60 seconds
88:A:G6I>DC
><JG: !NJ?LCBCACJCP?RCQMPQJMUQBMUL?QGRAMKCQGLDMPJ?LBGLEGL3R-??PRCL)RQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQMNNMQGRCGLBGPCARGMLRMGRQTCJMAGRWAPCBGR

3RCTC#MLPW&JGAIP
)LCTCPWB?WAMLTCPQ?RGMLRM?AACJCP?RCKC?LQRMQNCCBSN4FC?AACJCP?RMPGL?A?PA?LGLD?ARA?SQCGRRMQNCCBSN4FCEPC?RCP
RFC 688:A:G6I>DCRFCEPC?RCPRFCAF?LECGLTCJMAGRWMTCP?EGTCLRGKC4FCDMPK?JBCDGLGRGMLMD?AACJCP?RGMLGQAMLQGQRCLRUGRF
RFCQCLMRGMLQ@SRKMPCGLAJSQGTC
!TCP?EC!AACJCP?RGML
K:G6<:88:A:G6I>DC GQ G;8E4G84GJ;<6;I8?B6<GL6;4A:8F

v −v
a- = Δv = tf − t 0 ,
Δt f 0
UFCPC a- GQ?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGML v GQTCJMAGRW?LB t GQRGKC4FC@?PMTCPRFC a KC?LQ 4I8E4:8 ?AACJCP?RGML
"CA?SQC?AACJCP?RGMLGQTCJMAGRWGLKQBGTGBCB@WRGKCGLQRFC3)SLGRQDMP?AACJCP?RGML?PC m/s 2 KCRCPQNCPQCAMLBQOS?PCB

MPKCRCPQNCPQCAMLBNCPQCAMLBUFGAFJGRCP?JJWKC?LQ@WFMUK?LWKCRCPQNCPQCAMLBRFCTCJMAGRWAF?LECQCTCPWQCAMLB
2CA?JJRF?RTCJMAGRWGQ?TCARMPuGRF?Q@MRFK?ELGRSBC?LBBGPCARGML4FGQKC?LQRF?R?AF?LECGLTCJMAGRWA?L@C?AF?LECGL
K?ELGRSBCMPQNCCB @SRGRA?L?JQM@C?AF?LECGL 7<E86G<BA&MPCV?KNJCGD?A?PRSPLQ?AMPLCP?RAMLQR?LRQNCCBGRGQ
?AACJCP?RGLE@CA?SQCGRQBGPCARGMLGQAF?LEGLE4FCOSGAICPWMSRSPLRFCEPC?RCPRFC?AACJCP?RGML3MRFCPCGQ?L?AACJCP?RGML
UFCLTCJMAGRWAF?LECQCGRFCPGLK?ELGRSBC?LGLAPC?QCMPBCAPC?QCGLQNCCB MPGLBGPCARGMLMP@MRF
!AACJCP?RGML?Q?6CARMP
!AACJCP?RGMLGQ?TCARMPGLRFCQ?KCBGPCARGML?QRFC 6;4A:8 GLTCJMAGRW Δv 3GLACTCJMAGRWGQ?TCARMPGRA?LAF?LECCGRFCP
GLK?ELGRSBCMPGLBGPCARGML!AACJCP?RGMLGQRFCPCDMPC?AF?LECGLCGRFCPQNCCBMPBGPCARGMLMP@MRF
+CCNGLKGLBRF?R?JRFMSEF?AACJCP?RGMLGQGLRFCBGPCARGMLMDRFC 6;4A:8 GLTCJMAGRWGRGQLMR?JU?WQGLRFCBGPCARGMLMD @BG<BA

7FCL?LM@HCARQJMUQBMULGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQMNNMQGRCRMRFCBGPCARGMLMDGRQKMRGML4FGQGQILMUL?Q 9:8:A:G6I>DC
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: !QS@U?WRP?GLGL3?M0?SJM"P?XGJBCACJCP?RCQ?QGRAMKCQGLRM?QR?RGML)RGQ?AACJCP?RGLEGL?BGPCARGMLMNNMQGRCRMGRQBGPCARGMLMD

KMRGMLAPCBGR9SQSIC+?U?Q?IG&JGAIP
-GQAMLACNRGML!JCPR$CACJCP?RGMLTQ.CE?RGTC!AACJCP?RGML
$CACJCP?RGML?JU?WQPCDCPQRM?AACJCP?RGMLGLRFCBGPCARGMLMNNMQGRCRMRFCBGPCARGMLMDRFCTCJMAGRW$CACJCP?RGML?JU?WQ
PCBSACQQNCCB.CE?RGTC?AACJCP?RGMLFMUCTCPGQ?AACJCP?RGML <AG;8A8:4G<I87<E86G<BA<AG;86;BF8A6BBE7<A4G8FLFG8@
.CE?RGTC?AACJCP?RGMLK?WMPK?WLMR@CBCACJCP?RGML?LBBCACJCP?RGMLK?WMPK?WLMR@CAMLQGBCPCBLCE?RGTC
?AACJCP?RGML&MPCV?KNJCAMLQGBCP ><JG:
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: ? 4FGQA?PGQQNCCBGLESN?QGRKMTCQRMU?PBRFCPGEFR)RRFCPCDMPCF?QNMQGRGTC?AACJCP?RGMLGLMSPAMMPBGL?RCQWQRCK@ 4FGQA?PGQ

QJMUGLEBMUL?QGRKMTCQRMU?PBRFCPGEFR4FCPCDMPCGRF?QLCE?RGTC?AACJCP?RGMLGLMSPAMMPBGL?RCQWQRCK@CA?SQCGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQRMU?PBRFC
JCDR4FCA?PGQ?JQMBCACJCP?RGLERFCBGPCARGMLMDGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQMNNMQGRCRMGRQBGPCARGMLMDKMRGMLA 4FGQA?PGQKMTGLERMU?PBRFCJCDR@SR
QJMUGLEBMULMTCPRGKC4FCPCDMPCGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQNMQGRGTCGLMSPAMMPBGL?RCQWQRCK@CA?SQCGRGQRMU?PBRFCPGEFR(MUCTCPRFCA?PGQ
BCACJCP?RGLE@CA?SQCGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQMNNMQGRCRMGRQKMRGMLB 4FGQA?PGQQNCCBGLESN?QGRKMTCQRMU?PBRFCJCDR)RF?QLCE?RGTC?AACJCP?RGML
@CA?SQCGRGQ?AACJCP?RGLERMU?PBRFCJCDR(MUCTCP@CA?SQCGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQGLRFCQ?KCBGPCARGML?QGRQKMRGMLGRGQQNCCBGLESNABG
BCACJCP?RGLE
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<88:A:G6I>DC,68:=DGH:&:6K:HI=:!6I:
!P?ACFMPQCAMKGLEMSRMDRFCE?RC?AACJCP?RCQDPMKPCQRRM?TCJMAGRWMDKQBSCUCQRGLQ7F?RGQGRQ?TCP?EC
?AACJCP?RGML
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: APCBGR*ML3SJJGT?L0$0FMRMMPE
-IG6I:<N
&GPQRUCBP?U?QICRAF?LB?QQGEL?AMMPBGL?RCQWQRCKRMRFCNPM@JCK4FGQGQ?QGKNJCNPM@JCK@SRGR?JU?WQFCJNQRM
TGQS?JGXCGR.MRGACRF?RUC?QQGELC?QR?QNMQGRGTC?LBUCQR?QLCE?RGTC4FSQGLRFGQA?QCUCF?TCLCE?RGTCTCJMAGRW
><JG:
7CA?LQMJTCRFGQNPM@JCK@WGBCLRGDWGLE Δv ?LB Δt DPMKRFCEGTCLGLDMPK?RGML?LBRFCLA?JASJ?RGLERFC?TCP?EC

v −v
?AACJCP?RGMLBGPCARJWDPMKRFCCOS?RGML a- = Δv = tf − t 0
Δt f 0
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ v 0 = 0 v f = −15.0 m/s RFCLCE?RGTCQGELGLBGA?RCQBGPCARGMLRMU?PBRFCUCQR Δt = 1.80 s
&GLBRFCAF?LECGLTCJMAGRW3GLACRFCFMPQCGQEMGLEDPMKXCPMRM − 15.0 m/s GRQAF?LECGLTCJMAGRWCOS?JQGRQDGL?J
TCJMAGRW Δv = v f = −15.0 m/s
0JSEGLRFCILMULT?JSCQ Δv ?LB Δt ?LBQMJTCDMPRFCSLILMUL a-

a- = Δv = −15.0 m/s = −8.33 m/s 2.
Δt 1.80 s
>H8JHH>DC
4FCLCE?RGTCQGELDMP?AACJCP?RGMLGLBGA?RCQRF?R?AACJCP?RGMLGQRMU?PBRFCUCQR!L?AACJCP?RGMLMD 8.33 m/s 2 BSCUCQR

KC?LQRF?RRFCFMPQCGLAPC?QCQGRQTCJMAGRW@WKQBSCUCQRC?AFQCAMLBRF?RGQKCRCPQNCPQCAMLBNCPQCAMLB
UFGAFUCUPGRC?Q 8.33 m/s 2 4FGQGQRPSJW?L?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGML@CA?SQCRFCPGBCGQLMRQKMMRF7CQF?JJQCCJ?RCPRF?R
?L?AACJCP?RGMLMDRFGQK?ELGRSBCUMSJBPCOSGPCRFCPGBCPRMF?LEMLUGRF?DMPACLC?PJWCOS?JRMFGQUCGEFR
)LQR?LR?LCMSQ!AACJCP?RGML
#CHI6CI6C:DJH688:A:G6I>DC a MPRFC 4668?8E4G<BA4G4FC86<9<6<AFG4AG<AG<@8GQM@R?GLCB@WRFCQ?KCNPMACQQ?QBGQASQQCB
DMPGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRWGL .>B:
0:AD8>IN
6C9-E::9uRF?RGQ@WAMLQGBCPGLE?LGLDGLGRCQGK?JJWQK?JJGLRCPT?JMDRGKC(MUBM
UCDGLBGLQR?LR?LCMSQ?AACJCP?RGMLSQGLEMLJW?JEC@P?4FC?LQUCPGQRF?RUCAFMMQC?L?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGMLRF?RGQ
PCNPCQCLR?RGTCMDRFCKMRGML ><JG: QFMUQEP?NFQMDGLQR?LR?LCMSQ?AACJCP?RGMLTCPQSQRGKCDMPRUMTCPWBGDDCPCLRKMRGMLQ
)L ><JG:? RFC?AACJCP?RGMLT?PGCQQJGEFRJW?LBRFC?TCP?ECMTCPRFCCLRGPCGLRCPT?JGQLC?PJWRFCQ?KC?QRFC
GLQR?LR?LCMSQ?AACJCP?RGML?R?LWRGKC)LRFGQA?QCUCQFMSJBRPC?RRFGQKMRGML?QGDGRF?B?AMLQR?LR?AACJCP?RGMLCOS?JRMRFC
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
?TCP?ECGLRFGQA?QC?@MSR 1.8 m/s 2 )L ><JG:@ RFC?AACJCP?RGMLT?PGCQBP?QRGA?JJWMTCPRGKC)LQSAFQGRS?RGMLQGRGQ

@CQRRMAMLQGBCPQK?JJCPRGKCGLRCPT?JQ?LBAFMMQC?L?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGMLDMPC?AF&MPCV?KNJCUCAMSJBAMLQGBCPKMRGML
MTCPRFCRGKCGLRCPT?JQDPMKRMQ?LBDPMKRMQ?QQCN?P?RCKMRGMLQUGRF?AACJCP?RGMLQMD +3.0 m/s 2 ?LB
–2.0 m/s 2 PCQNCARGTCJW
><JG: 'P?NFQMDGLQR?LR?LCMSQ?AACJCP?RGMLTCPQSQRGKCDMPRUMBGDDCPCLRMLC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGMLQ? (CPC?AACJCP?RGMLT?PGCQMLJWQJGEFRJW?LB

GQ?JU?WQGLRFCQ?KCBGPCARGMLQGLACGRGQNMQGRGTC4FC?TCP?ECMTCPRFCGLRCPT?JGQLC?PJWRFCQ?KC?QRFC?AACJCP?RGML?R?LWEGTCLRGKC@ (CPCRFC
?AACJCP?RGMLT?PGCQEPC?RJWNCPF?NQPCNPCQCLRGLE?N?AI?ECML?NMQRMDDGACAMLTCWMP@CJRRF?RGQ?AACJCP?RCBDMPU?PB?LB@?AIU?PB?QGR@SKNQ?JMLE
)RGQLCACQQ?PWRMAMLQGBCPQK?JJRGKCGLRCPT?JQQSAF?QDPMKRMQ UGRFAMLQR?LRMPLC?PJWAMLQR?LR?AACJCP?RGMLGLQSAF?QGRS?RGML
4FCLCVRQCTCP?JCV?KNJCQAMLQGBCPRFCKMRGMLMDRFCQS@U?WRP?GLQFMULGL ><JG:)L? RFCQFSRRJCKMTCQRMRFCPGEFR

?LBGL@ GRKMTCQRMRFCJCDR4FCCV?KNJCQ?PCBCQGELCBRMDSPRFCPGJJSQRP?RC?QNCARQMDKMRGML?LBRMGJJSQRP?RCQMKCMDRFC
PC?QMLGLERF?REMCQGLRMQMJTGLENPM@JCKQ
><JG: /LC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGMLMD?QS@U?WRP?GLAMLQGBCPCBGL M6BEA: M6BEA: M6BEA: M6BEA: M6BEA:?LB

M6BEA:(CPCUCF?TCAFMQCLRFC x ?VGQQMRF?RKC?LQRMRFCPGEFR?LB − KC?LQRMRFCJCDRDMPBGQNJ?ACKCLRQTCJMAGRGCQ?LB?AACJCP?RGMLQ
? 4FCQS@U?WRP?GLKMTCQRMRFCPGEFRDPMK x0 RM x f )RQBGQNJ?ACKCLR Δx GQIK@ 4FCRP?GLKMTCQRMRFCJCDRDPMK x′ 0 RM x′ f )RQ
BGQNJ?ACKCLR Δx′ GQ −1.5 km .MRCRF?RRFCNPGKCQWK@MJ| GQSQCBQGKNJWRMBGQRGLESGQF@CRUCCLBGQNJ?ACKCLRGLRFCRUMBGDDCPCLRQGRS?RGMLQ
4FCBGQR?LACQMDRP?TCJ?LBRFCQGXCMDRFCA?PQ?PCMLBGDDCPCLRQA?JCQRMDGRCTCPWRFGLEGLRMRFCBG?EP?K
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<>HEA68:B:CI-J7L6N.G6>C
7F?R?PCRFCK?ELGRSBC?LBQGELMDBGQNJ?ACKCLRQDMPRFCKMRGMLQMDRFCQS@U?WRP?GLQFMULGLN?PRQ? ?LB@ MD ><JG:

-IG6I:<N
!BP?UGLEUGRF?AMMPBGL?RCQWQRCKGQ?JPC?BWNPMTGBCBQMUCBMLwRLCCBRMK?IC?QICRAF@SRUCQFMSJB?L?JWXCGRRM
K?ICQSPCUCSLBCPQR?LBUF?RGRGQQFMUGLE0?WN?PRGASJ?P?RRCLRGMLRMRFCAMMPBGL?RCQWQRCK4MDGLBBGQNJ?ACKCLRUCSQC
RFCCOS?RGML Δx = x f − x 0 4FGQGQQRP?GEFRDMPU?PBQGLACRFCGLGRG?J?LBDGL?JNMQGRGMLQ?PCEGTCL
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ)LRFCDGESPCUCQCCRF?R x f = 6.70 km ?LB x 0 = 4.70 km DMPN?PR? ?LB x′ f = 3.75 km ?LB
x′ 0 = 5.25 km DMPN?PR@
3MJTCDMPBGQNJ?ACKCLRGLN?PR?
Δx = x f − x 0 = 6.70 km − 4.70 km= +2.00 km
3MJTCDMPBGQNJ?ACKCLRGLN?PR@
Δx′ = x′ f − x′ 0 = 3.75 km − 5.25 km = − 1.50 km
>H8JHH>DC
4FCBGPCARGMLMDRFCKMRGMLGL? GQRMRFCPGEFR?LBRFCPCDMPCGRQBGQNJ?ACKCLRF?Q?NMQGRGTCQGELUFCPC?QKMRGMLGL@ GQRM
RFCJCDR?LBRFSQF?Q?LCE?RGTCQGEL
M6BEA: DBE6G>C<>HI6C8:.G6K:A:9L>I=>HEA68:B:CI-J7L6N.G6>C
7F?R?PCRFCBGQR?LACQRP?TCJCBDMPRFCKMRGMLQQFMULGLN?PRQ? ?LB@ MDRFCQS@U?WRP?GLGL ><JG:
-IG6I:<N
4M?LQUCPRFGQOSCQRGMLRFGLI?@MSRRFCBCDGLGRGMLQMDBGQR?LAC?LBBGQR?LACRP?TCJCB?LBFMURFCW?PCPCJ?RCBRM
BGQNJ?ACKCLR$GQR?LAC@CRUCCLRUMNMQGRGMLQGQBCDGLCBRM@CRFCK?ELGRSBCMDBGQNJ?ACKCLRUFGAFU?QDMSLBGL M6BEA:
$GQR?LACRP?TCJCBGQRFCRMR?JJCLERFMDRFCN?RFRP?TCJCB@CRUCCLRFCRUMNMQGRGMLQ3CC >HEA68:B:CI )LRFCA?QCMD
RFCQS@U?WRP?GLQFMULGL ><JG:RFCBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBGQRFCQ?KC?QRFCBGQR?LAC@CRUCCLRFCGLGRG?J?LBDGL?J
NMQGRGMLQMDRFCRP?GL
-DAJI>DC
4FCBGQNJ?ACKCLRDMPN?PR? U?QIK4FCPCDMPCRFCBGQR?LAC@CRUCCLRFCGLGRG?J?LBDGL?JNMQGRGMLQU?QIK
?LBRFCBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBU?QIK
4FCBGQNJ?ACKCLRDMPN?PR@ U?Q −1.5 km. 4FCPCDMPCRFCBGQR?LAC@CRUCCLRFCGLGRG?J?LBDGL?JNMQGRGMLQU?QIK
?LBRFCBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBU?QIK
>H8JHH>DC
$GQR?LACGQ?QA?J?P)RF?QK?ELGRSBC@SRLMQGELRMGLBGA?RCBGPCARGML
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<88:A:G6I>DC-J7L6N.G6>C-E::9>C</E
3SNNMQCRFCRP?GLGL ><JG:? ?AACJCP?RCQDPMKPCQRRMIKFGLRFCDGPQRQMDGRQKMRGML7F?RGQGRQ?TCP?EC
?AACJCP?RGMLBSPGLERF?RRGKCGLRCPT?J
-IG6I:<N
)RGQUMPRFGR?RRFGQNMGLRRMK?IC?QGKNJCQICRAF
><JG:
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
4FGQNPM@JCKGLTMJTCQRFPCCQRCNQ&GPQRUCKSQRBCRCPKGLCRFCAF?LECGLTCJMAGRWRFCLUCKSQRBCRCPKGLCRFCAF?LECGL
RGKC?LBDGL?JJWUCSQCRFCQCT?JSCQRMA?JASJ?RCRFC?AACJCP?RGML
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ v 0 = 0 RFCRP?GLQQR?PRQ?RPCQR v f = 30.0 km/h ?LB Δt = 20.0 s
#?JASJ?RC Δv 3GLACRFCRP?GLQR?PRQDPMKPCQRGRQAF?LECGLTCJMAGRWGQ Δv= +30.0 km/h UFCPCRFCNJSQQGELKC?LQ
TCJMAGRWRMRFCPGEFR
0JSEGLILMULT?JSCQ?LBQMJTCDMPRFCSLILMUL a-

a- = Δv = +30.0 km/h
Δt 20.0 s
3GLACRFCSLGRQ?PCKGVCBUCF?TC@MRFFMSPQ?LBQCAMLBQDMPRGKC UCLCCBRMAMLTCPRCTCPWRFGLEGLRM3)SLGRQMD
KCRCPQ?LBQCAMLBQ3CC *=NH>86A+J6CI>I>:H6C9/C>IH DMPKMPCESGB?LAC
⎛ ⎞⎛ 3 ⎞⎛ ⎞
a- = ⎝+30 km/h ⎠⎝10 m ⎠⎝ 1 h ⎠ = 0.417 m/s 2
20.0 s 1 km 3600 s
>H8JHH>DC
4FCNJSQQGELKC?LQRF?R?AACJCP?RGMLGQRMRFCPGEFR4FGQGQPC?QML?@JC@CA?SQCRFCRP?GLQR?PRQDPMKPCQR?LBCLBQSNUGRF
?TCJMAGRWRMRFCPGEFR?JQMNMQGRGTC 3M?AACJCP?RGMLGQGLRFCQ?KCBGPCARGML?QRFC 6;4A:8 GLTCJMAGRW?QGQ?JU?WQRFCA?QC
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I:88:A:G6I>DC-J7L6N.G6>C-ADL>C<DLC
.MUQSNNMQCRF?R?RRFCCLBMDGRQRPGNRFCRP?GLGL ><JG:? QJMUQRM?QRMNDPMK?QNCCBMDIKFGLQ7F?R
GQGRQ?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGMLUFGJCQRMNNGLE
-IG6I:<N
><JG:
)LRFGQA?QCRFCRP?GLGQBCACJCP?RGLE?LBGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQLCE?RGTC@CA?SQCGRGQRMU?PBRFCJCDR!QGLRFCNPCTGMSQ
CV?KNJCUCKSQRDGLBRFCAF?LECGLTCJMAGRW?LBRFCAF?LECGLRGKC?LBRFCLQMJTCDMP?AACJCP?RGML
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ v 0 = 30.0 km/h v f = 0 km/h RFCRP?GLGQQRMNNCBQMGRQTCJMAGRWGQ ?LB Δt = 8.00 s
3MJTCDMPRFCAF?LECGLTCJMAGRW Δv
Δv = v f − v 0 = 0 − 30.0 km/h = −30.0 km/h
0JSEGLRFCILMULQ Δv ?LB Δt ?LBQMJTCDMP a-

a- = Δv = −30.0 km/h
Δt 8.00 s
#MLTCPRRFCSLGRQRMKCRCPQ?LBQCAMLBQ
⎛ ⎞⎛ 3 ⎞⎛ ⎞
a- = Δv = ⎝−30.0 km/h ⎠⎝10 m ⎠⎝ 1 h ⎠ = −1.04 m/s 2.
Δt 8.00 s 1 km 3600 s
>H8JHH>DC
4FCKGLSQQGELGLBGA?RCQRF?R?AACJCP?RGMLGQRMRFCJCDR4FGQQGELGQPC?QML?@JC@CA?SQCRFCRP?GLGLGRG?JJWF?Q?NMQGRGTC
TCJMAGRWGLRFGQNPM@JCK?LB?LCE?RGTC?AACJCP?RGMLUMSJBMNNMQCRFCKMRGML!E?GL?AACJCP?RGMLGQGLRFCQ?KCBGPCARGML
?QRFC 6;4A:8 GLTCJMAGRWUFGAFGQLCE?RGTCFCPC4FGQ?AACJCP?RGMLA?L@CA?JJCB?BCACJCP?RGML@CA?SQCGRF?Q?BGPCARGML
MNNMQGRCRMRFCTCJMAGRW
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
4FCEP?NFQMDNMQGRGMLTCJMAGRW?LB?AACJCP?RGMLTQRGKCDMPRFCRP?GLQGL M6BEA: ?LB M6BEA: ?PCBGQNJ?WCBGL ><JG:

7CF?TCR?ICLRFCTCJMAGRWRMPCK?GLAMLQR?LRDPMKRMQ?DRCPUFGAFRFCRP?GLBCACJCP?RCQ
><JG: ? 0MQGRGMLMDRFCRP?GLMTCPRGKC.MRGACRF?RRFCRP?GLwQNMQGRGMLAF?LECQQJMUJW?RRFC@CEGLLGLEMDRFCHMSPLCWRFCLKMPC?LBKMPC

OSGAIJW?QGRNGAIQSNQNCCB)RQNMQGRGMLRFCLAF?LECQKMPCQJMUJW?QGRQJMUQBMUL?RRFCCLBMDRFCHMSPLCW)LRFCKGBBJCMDRFCHMSPLCWUFGJCRFC
TCJMAGRWPCK?GLQAMLQR?LRRFCNMQGRGMLAF?LECQ?R?AMLQR?LRP?RC@ 6CJMAGRWMDRFCRP?GLMTCPRGKC4FCRP?GLwQTCJMAGRWGLAPC?QCQ?QGR?AACJCP?RCQ?R
RFC@CEGLLGLEMDRFCHMSPLCW)RPCK?GLQRFCQ?KCGLRFCKGBBJCMDRFCHMSPLCWUFCPCRFCPCGQLM?AACJCP?RGML )RBCAPC?QCQ?QRFCRP?GLBCACJCP?RCQ?R
RFCCLBMDRFCHMSPLCWA 4FC?AACJCP?RGMLMDRFCRP?GLMTCPRGKC4FCRP?GLF?QNMQGRGTC?AACJCP?RGML?QGRQNCCBQSN?RRFC@CEGLLGLEMDRFCHMSPLCW)R
F?QLM?AACJCP?RGML?QGRRP?TCJQ?RAMLQR?LRTCJMAGRWGLRFCKGBBJCMDRFCHMSPLCW)RQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQLCE?RGTC?QGRQJMUQBMUL?RRFCCLBMDRFCHMSPLCW
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<K:G6<:0:AD8>IN.=:-J7L6N.G6>C
7F?RGQRFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWMDRFCRP?GLGLN?PR@MD M6BEA:?LBQFMUL?E?GL@CJMUGDGRR?ICQKGLRMK?ICGRQ
RPGN
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG:
-IG6I:<N
!TCP?ECTCJMAGRWGQBGQNJ?ACKCLRBGTGBCB@WRGKC)RUGJJ@CLCE?RGTCFCPCQGLACRFCRP?GLKMTCQRMRFCJCDR?LBF?Q?LCE?RGTC
BGQNJ?ACKCLR
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ x′ f = 3.75 km x′ 0 = 5.25 km Δt = 5.00 min
$CRCPKGLCBGQNJ?ACKCLR Δx′ 7CDMSLB Δx′ RM@C − 1.5 km GL M6BEA:
3MJTCDMP?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW

v- = Δx′ = −1.50 km
Δt 5.00 min
#MLTCPRSLGRQ
⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞
v- = Δx′ = ⎝−1.50 km ⎠⎝60 min ⎠ = −18.0 km/h
Δt 5.00 min 1h
>H8JHH>DC
4FCLCE?RGTCTCJMAGRWGLBGA?RCQKMRGMLRMRFCJCDR
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<:8:A:G6I>DC.=:-J7L6N.G6>C
&GL?JJWQSNNMQCRFCRP?GLGL ><JG: QJMUQRM?QRMNDPMK?TCJMAGRWMDIKFGLQ7F?RGQGRQ?TCP?EC
?AACJCP?RGML
-IG6I:<N
/LAC?E?GLJCRwQBP?U?QICRAF
><JG:
!Q@CDMPCUCKSQRDGLBRFCAF?LECGLTCJMAGRW?LBRFCAF?LECGLRGKCRMA?JASJ?RC?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGML
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ v 0 = −20 km/h v f = 0 km/h Δt = 10.0 s
#?JASJ?RC Δv 4FCAF?LECGLTCJMAGRWFCPCGQ?ARS?JJWNMQGRGTCQGLAC
Δv = v f − v 0 = 0 − (−20 km/h)=+20 km/h.
3MJTCDMP a-

a- = Δv = +20.0 km/h
Δt 10.0 s
#MLTCPRSLGRQ
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
⎛ ⎞⎛ 3 ⎞⎛ ⎞
a- = ⎝+20.0 km/h ⎠⎝10 m ⎠⎝ 1 h ⎠= +0.556 m/s 2
10.0 s 1 km 3600 s
>H8JHH>DC
4FCNJSQQGELKC?LQRF?R?AACJCP?RGMLGQRMRFCPGEFR4FGQGQPC?QML?@JC@CA?SQCRFCRP?GLGLGRG?JJWF?Q?LCE?RGTCTCJMAGRWRM
RFCJCDR GLRFGQNPM@JCK?LB?NMQGRGTC?AACJCP?RGMLMNNMQCQRFCKMRGML?LBQMGRGQRMRFCPGEFR !E?GL?AACJCP?RGMLGQGLRFC
Q?KCBGPCARGML?QRFC 6;4A:8 GLTCJMAGRWUFGAFGQNMQGRGTCFCPC!QGL M6BEA:RFGQ?AACJCP?RGMLA?L@CA?JJCB?
BCACJCP?RGMLQGLACGRGQGLRFCBGPCARGMLMNNMQGRCRMRFCTCJMAGRW
3GEL?LB$GPCARGML
0CPF?NQRFCKMQRGKNMPR?LRRFGLERMLMRC?@MSRRFCQCCV?KNJCQGQRFCQGELQMDRFC?LQUCPQ)LMSPAFMQCLAMMPBGL?RCQWQRCK
NJSQKC?LQRFCOS?LRGRWGQRMRFCPGEFR?LBKGLSQKC?LQGRGQRMRFCJCDR4FGQGQC?QWRMGK?EGLCDMPBGQNJ?ACKCLR?LBTCJMAGRW"SR
GRGQ?JGRRJCJCQQM@TGMSQDMP?AACJCP?RGML-MQRNCMNJCGLRCPNPCRLCE?RGTC?AACJCP?RGML?QRFCQJMUGLEMD?LM@HCAR4FGQU?QLMRRFC
A?QCGL M6BEA:UFCPC?NMQGRGTC?AACJCP?RGMLQJMUCB?LCE?RGTCTCJMAGRW4FCAPSAG?JBGQRGLARGMLU?QRF?RRFC?AACJCP?RGML
U?QGLRFCMNNMQGRCBGPCARGMLDPMKRFCTCJMAGRW)LD?AR?LCE?RGTC?AACJCP?RGMLUGJJ <A6E84F8 ?LCE?RGTCTCJMAGRW&MPCV?KNJCRFC
RP?GLKMTGLERMRFCJCDRGL ><JG: GQQNCBSN@W?L?AACJCP?RGMLRMRFCJCDR)LRF?RA?QC@MRF v ?LB a ?PCLCE?RGTC4FC
NJSQ?LBKGLSQQGELQEGTCRFCBGPCARGMLQMDRFC?AACJCP?RGMLQ)D?AACJCP?RGMLF?QRFCQ?KCQGEL?QRFCTCJMAGRWRFCM@HCARGQ
QNCCBGLESN)D?AACJCP?RGMLF?QRFCMNNMQGRCQGEL?QRFCTCJMAGRWRFCM@HCARGQQJMUGLEBMUL
!L?GPNJ?LCJ?LBQML?PSLU?WRP?TCJGLEC?QR$CQAPG@CGRQ?AACJCP?RGML
-DAJI>DC
)DUCR?ICC?QRRM@CNMQGRGTCRFCLRFC?GPNJ?LCF?QLCE?RGTC?AACJCP?RGML?QGRGQ?AACJCP?RGLERMU?PBRFCUCQR)RGQ?JQM
BCACJCP?RGLEGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQMNNMQGRCGLBGPCARGMLRMGRQTCJMAGRW
0F%4%VNJMP?RGMLQ-MTGLE-?L3GKSJ?RGML
,C?PL?@MSRNMQGRGMLTCJMAGRW?LB?AACJCP?RGMLEP?NFQ-MTCRFCJGRRJCK?L@?AI?LBDMPRFUGRFRFCKMSQC?LBNJMRFGQ
KMRGML3CRRFCNMQGRGMLTCJMAGRWMP?AACJCP?RGML?LBJCRRFCQGKSJ?RGMLKMTCRFCK?LDMPWMS
.=>HB:9>6INE:>HCDIHJEEDGI:9>CI=>HG:69:GA>8@IDDE:CB:9>6>C7GDLH:G=IIE 8CMDG< 8DCI:CI B *=:I5BD9JA:5
><JG:
><JG: +GLCK?RGACOS?RGMLQA?LFCJNSQBCQAPG@C?LBNPCBGARRFCKMRGMLMDKMTGLEM@HCARQQSAF?QRFCQCI?W?IQP?AGLEGL.CU@SPW%LEJ?LB

APCBGR"?PPW3IC?RCQ&JGAIP
7CKGEFRILMURF?RRFCEPC?RCPRFC?AACJCP?RGMLMDQ?W?A?PKMTGLE?U?WDPMK?QRMNQGELRFCEPC?RCPRFCBGQNJ?ACKCLRGL?

EGTCLRGKC"SRUCF?TCLMRBCTCJMNCB?QNCAGDGACOS?RGMLRF?RPCJ?RCQ?AACJCP?RGML?LBBGQNJ?ACKCLR)LRFGQQCARGMLUCBCTCJMN
QMKCAMLTCLGCLRCOS?RGMLQDMPIGLCK?RGAPCJ?RGMLQFGNQQR?PRGLEDPMKRFCBCDGLGRGMLQMDBGQNJ?ACKCLRTCJMAGRW?LB?AACJCP?RGML
?JPC?BWAMTCPCB
.MR?RGML G K I 4
&GPQRJCRSQK?ICQMKCQGKNJGDGA?RGMLQGLLMR?RGML4?IGLERFCGLGRG?JRGKCRM@CXCPM?QGDRGKCGQKC?QSPCBUGRF?QRMNU?RAFGQ?
EPC?RQGKNJGDGA?RGML3GLACCJ?NQCBRGKCGQ Δt = t f − t 0 R?IGLE t 0 = 0 KC?LQRF?R Δt = t f RFCDGL?JRGKCMLRFCQRMNU?RAF
7FCLGLGRG?JRGKCGQR?ICLRM@CXCPMUCSQCRFCQS@QAPGNRRMBCLMRCGLGRG?JT?JSCQMDNMQGRGML?LBTCJMAGRW4F?RGQ x 0 <FG;8
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
<A<G<4?CBF<G<BA ?LB v 0 <FG;8<A<G<4?I8?B6<GL7CNSRLMQS@QAPGNRQMLRFCDGL?JT?JSCQ4F?RGQ t <FG;89<A4?G<@8 x <FG;89<A4?

CBF<G<BA?LB v <FG;89<A4?I8?B6<GL4FGQEGTCQ?QGKNJCPCVNPCQQGMLDMPCJ?NQCBRGKCuLMU Δt = t )R?JQMQGKNJGDGCQRFC
CVNPCQQGMLDMPBGQNJ?ACKCLRUFGAFGQLMU Δx = x − x 0 !JQMGRQGKNJGDGCQRFCCVNPCQQGMLDMPAF?LECGLTCJMAGRWUFGAFGQLMU
Δv = v − v 0 4MQSKK?PGXCSQGLERFCQGKNJGDGCBLMR?RGMLUGRFRFCGLGRG?JRGKCR?ICLRM@CXCPM
Δt = t ⎫
Δx = x − x 0⎬
Δv = v − v 0 ⎭
UFCPC G;8FH5F6E<CG
78ABG8F4A<A<G<4?I4?H84A7G;845F8A68B94FH5F6E<CG78ABG8F49<A4?I4?H8 GLUF?RCTCPKMRGMLGQSLBCP
AMLQGBCP?RGML
7CLMUK?ICRFCGKNMPR?LR?QQSKNRGMLRF?R 4668?8E4G<BA<F6BAFG4AG4FGQ?QQSKNRGML?JJMUQSQRM?TMGBSQGLEA?JASJSQRMDGLB
GLQR?LR?LCMSQ?AACJCP?RGML3GLAC?AACJCP?RGMLGQAMLQR?LRRFC?TCP?EC?LBGLQR?LR?LCMSQ?AACJCP?RGMLQ?PCCOS?J4F?RGQ
a- = a = constant,
QMUCSQCRFCQWK@MJ a DMP?AACJCP?RGML?R?JJRGKCQ!QQSKGLE?AACJCP?RGMLRM@CAMLQR?LRBMCQLMRQCPGMSQJWJGKGRRFCQGRS?RGMLQ
UCA?LQRSBWLMPBCEP?BCRFC?AASP?AWMDMSPRPC?RKCLR&MPMLCRFGLE?AACJCP?RGML <F AMLQR?LRGL?EPC?RLSK@CPMDQGRS?RGMLQ
&SPRFCPKMPCGLK?LWMRFCPQGRS?RGMLQUCA?L?AASP?RCJWBCQAPG@CKMRGML@W?QQSKGLE?AMLQR?LR?AACJCP?RGMLCOS?JRMRFC
?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGMLDMPRF?RKMRGML&GL?JJWGLKMRGMLQUFCPC?AACJCP?RGMLAF?LECQBP?QRGA?JJWQSAF?Q?A?P?AACJCP?RGLERMRMN
QNCCB?LBRFCL@P?IGLERM?QRMNRFCKMRGMLA?L@CAMLQGBCPCBGLQCN?P?RCN?PRQC?AFMDUFGAFF?QGRQMULAMLQR?LR
?AACJCP?RGML
3MJTGLEDMP$GQNJ?ACKCLR Δx ?LB&GL?J0MQGRGML x DPMK!TCP?EC6CJMAGRWUFCL!AACJCP?RGML a GQ#MLQR?LR
4MECRMSPDGPQRRUMLCUCOS?RGMLQUCQR?PRUGRFRFCBCDGLGRGMLMD?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW

v- = Δx .
Δt
3S@QRGRSRGLERFCQGKNJGDGCBLMR?RGMLDMP Δx ?LB Δt WGCJBQ
x−x
v- = t 0 .
3MJTGLEDMP x WGCJBQ
x = x 0 + v- t,
UFCPCRFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWGQ
v +v
v- = 0 (constant a).
2
v +v
4FCCOS?RGML v- = 0 PCDJCARQRFCD?ARRF?RUFCL?AACJCP?RGMLGQAMLQR?LR v GQHSQRRFCQGKNJC?TCP?ECMDRFCGLGRG?J?LB
2
DGL?JTCJMAGRGCQ&MPCV?KNJCGDWMSQRC?BGJWGLAPC?QCWMSPTCJMAGRWRF?RGQUGRFAMLQR?LR?AACJCP?RGML DPMKRMIKFRFCL
- v +v
WMSP?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWBSPGLERFGQQRC?BWGLAPC?QCGQIKF5QGLERFCCOS?RGML v = 0 RMAFCAIRFGQUCQCCRF?R
2
v + v 30 km/h + 60 km/h
v- = 0 = = 45 km/h,
2 2
UFGAFQCCKQJMEGA?J
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<>HEA68:B:CI"DL 6G9D:HI=:$D<<:G,JC

!HMEECPPSLQBMUL?QRP?GEFRQRPCRAFMDPM?BUGRF?L?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWMDKQDMPKGL7F?RGQFGQDGL?JNMQGRGML
R?IGLEFGQGLGRG?JNMQGRGMLRM@CXCPM
-IG6I:<N
$P?U?QICRAF
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG:
4FCDGL?JNMQGRGML x GQEGTCL@WRFCCOS?RGML
x = x 0 + v- t.
4MDGLB x UCGBCLRGDWRFCT?JSCQMD x 0 v- ?LB t DPMKRFCQR?RCKCLRMDRFCNPM@JCK?LBQS@QRGRSRCRFCKGLRMRFCCOS?RGML

-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ v- = 4.00 m/s Δt = 2.00 min ?LB x 0 = 0 m
%LRCPRFCILMULT?JSCQGLRMRFCCOS?RGML
x = x 0 + v- t = 0 + (4.00 m/s)(120 s) = 480 m
>H8JHH>DC
6CJMAGRW?LBDGL?JBGQNJ?ACKCLR?PC@MRFNMQGRGTCUFGAFKC?LQRFCW?PCGLRFCQ?KCBGPCARGML
4FCCOS?RGML x = x 0 + v- t EGTCQGLQGEFRGLRMRFCPCJ?RGMLQFGN@CRUCCLBGQNJ?ACKCLR?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW?LBRGKC)RQFMUQDMP

CV?KNJCRF?RBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQ?JGLC?PDSLARGMLMD?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW"WJGLC?PDSLARGMLUCKC?LRF?RBGQNJ?ACKCLRBCNCLBQML
v- P?RFCPRF?LML v- P?GQCBRMQMKCMRFCPNMUCPQSAF?Q v- 2 7FCLEP?NFCBJGLC?PDSLARGMLQJMMIJGICQRP?GEFRJGLCQUGRF?
AMLQR?LRQJMNC /L?A?PRPGNDMPCV?KNJCUCUGJJECRRUGAC?QD?PGL?EGTCLRGKCGDUC?TCP?ECIKFRF?LGDUC?TCP?EC
IKF
><JG: 4FCPCGQ?JGLC?PPCJ?RGMLQFGN@CRUCCLBGQNJ?ACKCLR?LB?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW&MP?EGTCLRGKC t ?LM@HCARKMTGLERUGAC?QD?QR?Q?LMRFCP

M@HCARUGJJKMTCRUGAC?QD?P?QRFCMRFCPM@HCAR
3MJTGLEDMP&GL?J6CJMAGRW
7CA?LBCPGTC?LMRFCPSQCDSJCOS?RGML@WK?LGNSJ?RGLERFCBCDGLGRGMLMD?AACJCP?RGML

a = Δv
Δt
3S@QRGRSRGLERFCQGKNJGDGCBLMR?RGMLDMP Δv ?LB Δt EGTCQSQ
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
v − v0
a= t (constant a).
3MJTGLEDMP v WGCJBQ
v = v 0 + at (constant a).
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C< >C6A0:AD8>INC>GEA6C:-ADL>C<DLC6;I:G&6C9>C<
!L?GPNJ?LCJ?LBQUGRF?LGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWMDKQ?LBRFCLBCACJCP?RCQ?R 1.50 m/s 2 DMPQ7F?RGQGRQDGL?JTCJMAGRW

-IG6I:<N
$P?U?QICRAF7CBP?URFC?AACJCP?RGMLTCARMPGLRFCBGPCARGMLMNNMQGRCRFCTCJMAGRWTCARMP@CA?SQCRFCNJ?LCGQ
BCACJCP?RGLE
><JG:
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ v 0 = 70.0 m/s a = −1.50 m/s 2 t = 40.0 s

)BCLRGDWRFCSLILMUL)LRFGQA?QCGRGQDGL?JTCJMAGRW vf
$CRCPKGLCUFGAFCOS?RGMLRMSQC7CA?LA?JASJ?RCRFCDGL?JTCJMAGRWSQGLERFCCOS?RGML v = v 0 + at
0JSEGLRFCILMULT?JSCQ?LBQMJTC
v = v 0 + at = 70.0 m/s + ⎛⎝−1.50 m/s 2⎞⎠(40.0 s) = 10.0 m/s
>H8JHH>DC
4FCDGL?JTCJMAGRWGQKSAFJCQQRF?LRFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRW?QBCQGPCBUFCLQJMUGLEBMUL@SRQRGJJNMQGRGTC7GRFHCRCLEGLCQ
PCTCPQCRFPSQRAMSJB@CK?GLR?GLCBJMLECLMSEFRMQRMNRFCNJ?LC?LBQR?PRKMTGLEGR@?AIU?PB4F?RUMSJB@CGLBGA?RCB@W
?LCE?RGTCDGL?JTCJMAGRWUFGAFGQLMRRFCA?QCFCPC
><JG: 4FC?GPNJ?LCJ?LBQUGRF?LGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWMDKQ?LBQJMUQRM?DGL?JTCJMAGRWMDKQ@CDMPCFC?BGLEDMPRFCRCPKGL?J.MRC
RF?RRFC?AACJCP?RGMLGQLCE?RGTC@CA?SQCGRQBGPCARGMLGQMNNMQGRCRMGRQTCJMAGRWUFGAFGQNMQGRGTC
)L?BBGRGMLRM@CGLESQCDSJGLNPM@JCKQMJTGLERFCCOS?RGML v = v 0 + at EGTCQSQGLQGEFRGLRMRFCPCJ?RGMLQFGNQ?KMLETCJMAGRW

?AACJCP?RGML?LBRGKC&PMKGRUCA?LQCCDMPCV?KNJCRF?R
z DGL?JTCJMAGRWBCNCLBQMLFMUJ?PECRFC?AACJCP?RGMLGQ?LBFMUJMLEGRJ?QRQ
z GDRFC?AACJCP?RGMLGQXCPMRFCLRFCDGL?JTCJMAGRWCOS?JQRFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRW (v = v 0) ?QCVNCARCBGCTCJMAGRWGQAMLQR?LR
z GD a GQLCE?RGTCRFCLRFCDGL?JTCJMAGRWGQJCQQRF?LRFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRW
!JJMDRFCQCM@QCPT?RGMLQDGRMSPGLRSGRGML?LBGRGQ?JU?WQSQCDSJRMCV?KGLC@?QGACOS?RGMLQGLJGEFRMDMSPGLRSGRGML?LB
CVNCPGCLACQRMAFCAIRF?RRFCWBMGLBCCBBCQAPG@CL?RSPC?AASP?RCJW
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
-?IGLE#MLLCARGMLQ2C?J 7MPJB#MLLCARGML
><JG: 4FC3N?AC3FSRRJC A784IBE @J?QRQMDDDPMKRFC+CLLCBW3N?AC#CLRCPGL&C@PS?PWAPCBGR-?RRFCU3GK?LRMT&JGAIP
!LGLRCPAMLRGLCLR?J@?JJGQRGAKGQQGJC)#"- F?Q?J?PECP?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGMLRF?LRFC3N?AC3FSRRJC?LB?AFGCTCQ?EPC?RCP
TCJMAGRWGLRFCDGPQRKGLSRCMPRUMMDDJGEFR?ARS?J)#"-@SPLRGKCQ?PCAJ?QQGDGCBuQFMPR @SPL RGKCKGQQGJCQ?PCKMPCBGDDGASJR
DMP?LCLCKWRMBCQRPMW "SRRFC3N?AC3FSRRJCM@R?GLQ?EPC?RCPDGL?JTCJMAGRWQMRF?RGRA?LMP@GRRFCC?PRFP?RFCPRF?LAMKC
BGPCARJW@?AIBMUL?Q?L)#"-BMCQ4FC3N?AC3FSRRJCBMCQRFGQ@W?AACJCP?RGLEDMP?JMLECPRGKC
3MJTGLEDMP&GL?J0MQGRGML7FCL6CJMAGRWGQ.MR#MLQR?LR a ≠ 0
7CA?LAMK@GLCRFCCOS?RGMLQ?@MTCRMDGLB?RFGPBCOS?RGMLRF?R?JJMUQSQRMA?JASJ?RCRFCDGL?JNMQGRGMLMD?LM@HCAR
CVNCPGCLAGLEAMLQR?LR?AACJCP?RGML7CQR?PRUGRF
v = v 0 + at.
!BBGLE v 0 RMC?AFQGBCMDRFGQCOS?RGML?LBBGTGBGLE@WEGTCQ
v0 + v
= v 0 + 1 at.
2 2
v0 + v
3GLAC = v- DMPAMLQR?LR?AACJCP?RGMLRFCL
2

v- = v 0 + 1 at.
2
.MUUCQS@QRGRSRCRFGQCVNPCQQGMLDMP v- GLRMRFCCOS?RGMLDMPBGQNJ?ACKCLR x = x 0 + v- t WGCJBGLE

x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2 (constant a).
2
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<>HEA68:B:CID;6C88:A:G6I>C<)7?:8IG6<HI:GH
$P?EQRCPQA?L?AFGCTC?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGMLQMD 26.0 m/s 2 3SNNMQCQSAF?BP?EQRCP?AACJCP?RCQDPMKPCQR?RRFGQP?RCDMP

Q(MUD?PBMCQGRRP?TCJGLRFGQRGKC
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: 53!PKW4MN&SCJNGJMR4MLWx4FC3?PECy3AFSK?AFCP@CEGLQ?P?ACUGRF?AMLRPMJJCB@SPLMSRAPCBGR,R#MJ7GJJG?K4FSPKMLB
0FMRM#MSPRCQWMD53!PKW
-IG6I:<N
$P?U?QICRAF
><JG:
7C?PC?QICBRMDGLBBGQNJ?ACKCLRUFGAFGQ x GDUCR?IC x 0 RM@CXCPM4FGLI?@MSRGRJGICRFCQR?PRGLEJGLCMD?P?AC)RA?L

@C?LWUFCPC@SRUCA?JJGR?LBKC?QSPC?JJMRFCPNMQGRGMLQPCJ?RGTCRMGR 7CA?LSQCRFCCOS?RGML x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2
2
MLACUCGBCLRGDW v 0 a ?LB t DPMKRFCQR?RCKCLRMDRFCNPM@JCK
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ3R?PRGLEDPMKPCQRKC?LQRF?R v 0 = 0 a GQEGTCL?Q 26.0 m/s 2 ?LB t GQEGTCL?QQ

0JSERFCILMULT?JSCQGLRMRFCCOS?RGMLRMQMJTCDMPRFCSLILMUL x

x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2.
2
3GLACRFCGLGRG?JNMQGRGML?LBTCJMAGRW?PC@MRFXCPMRFGQQGKNJGDGCQRM

x = 1 at 2.
2
3S@QRGRSRGLERFCGBCLRGDGCBT?JSCQMD a ?LB t EGTCQ

x = 1 ⎛⎝26.0 m/s 2⎞⎠(5.56 s) 2 ,
2
WGCJBGLE
x = 402 m.
>H8JHH>DC
)DUCAMLTCPRKRMKGJCQUCDGLBRF?RRFCBGQR?LACAMTCPCBGQTCPWAJMQCRMMLCOS?PRCPMD?KGJCRFCQR?LB?PBBGQR?LAC
DMPBP?EP?AGLE3MRFC?LQUCPGQPC?QML?@JC4FGQGQ?LGKNPCQQGTCBGQNJ?ACKCLRGLMLJWQ@SRRMN LMRAFBP?EQRCPQA?L
BM?OS?PRCPKGJCGLCTCLJCQQRGKCRF?LRFGQ
7F?RCJQCA?LUCJC?PL@WCV?KGLGLERFCCOS?RGML x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2 ? 7CQCCRF?R
2
z BGQNJ?ACKCLRBCNCLBQMLRFCQOS?PCMDRFCCJ?NQCBRGKCUFCL?AACJCP?RGMLGQLMRXCPM)L M6BEA:RFCBP?EQRCP
AMTCPQMLJWMLCDMSPRFMDRFCRMR?JBGQR?LACGLRFCDGPQRF?JDMDRFCCJ?NQCBRGKC
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
z GD?AACJCP?RGMLGQXCPMRFCLRFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWCOS?JQ?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW v 0 = v- ?LB x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2 @CAMKCQ

2
x = x 0 + v 0t
3MJTGLEDMP&GL?J6CJMAGRWUFCL6CJMAGRW)Q.MR#MLQR?LR a ≠ 0
!DMSPRFSQCDSJCOS?RGMLA?L@CM@R?GLCBDPMK?LMRFCP?JEC@P?GAK?LGNSJ?RGMLMDNPCTGMSQCOS?RGMLQ
)DUCQMJTC v = v 0 + at DMP t UCECR
v − v0
t= a .
v +v
3S@QRGRSRGLERFGQ?LB v- = 0 -
GLRM x = x 0 + v t UCECR
2
v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0) (constanta).
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C< >C6A0:AD8>ING6<HI:GH

#?JASJ?RCRFCDGL?JTCJMAGRWMDRFCBP?EQRCPGL M6BEA: UGRFMSRSQGLEGLDMPK?RGML?@MSRRGKC
-IG6I:<N
$P?U?QICRAF
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4FCCOS?RGML v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0) GQGBC?JJWQSGRCBRMRFGQR?QI@CA?SQCGRPCJ?RCQTCJMAGRGCQ?AACJCP?RGML?LB

BGQNJ?ACKCLR?LBLMRGKCGLDMPK?RGMLGQPCOSGPCB
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULT?JSCQ7CILMURF?R v 0 = 0 QGLACRFCBP?EQRCPQR?PRQDPMKPCQR4FCLUCLMRCRF?R
x − x 0 = 402 m RFGQU?QRFC?LQUCPGL M6BEA: &GL?JJWRFC?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGMLU?QEGTCLRM@C
a = 26.0 m/s 2
0JSERFCILMULQGLRMRFCCOS?RGML v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0) ?LBQMJTCDMP v.
v 2 = 0 + 2⎛⎝26.0 m/s 2⎞⎠(402 m).
4FSQ
v 2 = 2.09×10 4 m 2 /s 2.
4MECR v UCR?ICRFCQOS?PCPMMR

v = 2.09×10 4 m 2 /s 2 = 145 m/s.
>H8JHH>DC
KQGQ?@MSRIKFMP?@MSRKGF@SRCTCLRFGQ@PC?ILCAIQNCCBGQQFMPRMDRFCPCAMPBDMPRFCOS?PRCPKGJC!JQM
LMRCRF?R?QOS?PCPMMRF?QRUMT?JSCQUCRMMIRFCNMQGRGTCT?JSCRMGLBGA?RC?TCJMAGRWGLRFCQ?KCBGPCARGML?QRFC
?AACJCP?RGML
!LCV?KGL?RGMLMDRFCCOS?RGML v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0) A?LNPMBSACDSPRFCPGLQGEFRQGLRMRFCECLCP?JPCJ?RGMLQFGNQ?KMLE

NFWQGA?JOS?LRGRGCQ
z 4FCDGL?JTCJMAGRWBCNCLBQMLFMUJ?PECRFC?AACJCP?RGMLGQ?LBRFCBGQR?LACMTCPUFGAFGR?ARQ
z &MP?DGVCBBCACJCP?RGML?A?PRF?RGQEMGLERUGAC?QD?QRBMCQLwRQGKNJWQRMNGLRUGACRFCBGQR?LACuGRR?ICQKSAFDSPRFCPRM
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
QRMN4FGQGQUFWUCF?TCPCBSACBQNCCBXMLCQLC?PQAFMMJQ
0SRRGLE%OS?RGMLQ4MECRFCP
)LRFCDMJJMUGLECV?KNJCQUCDSPRFCPCVNJMPCMLC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGML@SRGLQGRS?RGMLQPCOSGPGLEQJGEFRJWKMPC?JEC@P?GA
K?LGNSJ?RGML4FCCV?KNJCQ?JQMEGTCGLQGEFRGLRMNPM@JCK QMJTGLERCAFLGOSCQ4FC@MV@CJMUNPMTGBCQC?QWPCDCPCLACRMRFC
COS?RGMLQLCCBCB
3SKK?PWMD+GLCK?RGA%OS?RGMLQAMLQR?LR a
x = x 0 + v- t
v +v
v- = 0
2
v = v 0 + at

x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2
2
v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0)
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<>HEA68:B:CI"DL 6GD:H66G!D1=:CDB>C<ID6"6AI
/LBPWAMLAPCRC?A?PA?LBCACJCP?RC?R?P?RCMD 7.00 m/s 2 UFCPC?QMLUCRAMLAPCRCGRA?LBCACJCP?RC?RMLJW

5.00 m/s 2 &GLBRFCBGQR?LACQLCACQQ?PWRMQRMN?A?PKMTGLE?RKQ?@MSRIKF ? MLBPWAMLAPCRC?LB@ ML
UCRAMLAPCRCA 2CNC?R@MRFA?JASJ?RGMLQDGLBGLERFCBGQNJ?ACKCLRDPMKRFCNMGLRUFCPCRFCBPGTCPQCCQ?RP?DDGAJGEFRRSPL
PCBR?IGLEGLRM?AAMSLRFGQPC?ARGMLRGKCMDQRMECRFGQDMMRMLRFC@P?IC
-IG6I:<N
$P?U?QICRAF
><JG:
)LMPBCPRMBCRCPKGLCUFGAFCOS?RGMLQ?PC@CQRRMSQCUCLCCBRMJGQR?JJMDRFCILMULT?JSCQ?LBGBCLRGDWCV?ARJWUF?RUC
LCCBRMQMJTCDMP7CQF?JJBMRFGQCVNJGAGRJWGLRFCLCVRQCTCP?JCV?KNJCQSQGLER?@JCQRMQCRRFCKMDD
-DAJI>DC;DG6
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ?LBUF?RUCU?LRRMQMJTCDMP7CILMURF?R v 0 = 30.0 m/s v = 0 a = −7.00 m/s 2 a GQ

LCE?RGTC@CA?SQCGRGQGL?BGPCARGMLMNNMQGRCRMTCJMAGRW 7CR?IC x 0 RM@C7C?PCJMMIGLEDMPBGQNJ?ACKCLR Δx MP
x − x0
)BCLRGDWRFCCOS?RGMLRF?RUGJJFCJNSNQMJTCRFCNPM@JCK4FC@CQRCOS?RGMLRMSQCGQ
v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0).
4FGQCOS?RGMLGQ@CQR@CA?SQCGRGLAJSBCQMLJWMLCSLILMUL x 7CILMURFCT?JSCQMD?JJRFCMRFCPT?PG?@JCQGLRFGQ
COS?RGML4FCPC?PCMRFCPCOS?RGMLQRF?RUMSJB?JJMUSQRMQMJTCDMP x @SRRFCWPCOSGPCSQRMILMURFCQRMNNGLERGKC t
UFGAFUCBMLMRILMU7CAMSJBSQCRFCK@SRGRUMSJBCLR?GJ?BBGRGML?JA?JASJ?RGMLQ
2C?PP?LECRFCCOS?RGMLRMQMJTCDMP x
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
v 2 − v 20
x − x0 =
2a
%LRCPILMULT?JSCQ
0 2 − (30.0 m/s) 2

x−0=
2⎛⎝−7.00 m/s 2⎞⎠
4FSQ
x = 64.3 m on dry concrete.
-DAJI>DC;DG7
4FGQN?PRA?L@CQMJTCBGLCV?ARJWRFCQ?KCK?LLCP?Q0?PR!4FCMLJWBGDDCPCLACGQRF?RRFCBCACJCP?RGMLGQ – 5.00 m/s 2

4FCPCQSJRGQ
x wet = 90.0 m on wet concrete.
-DAJI>DC;DG8
/LACRFCBPGTCPPC?ARQRFCQRMNNGLEBGQR?LACGQRFCQ?KC?QGRGQGL0?PRQ!?LB"DMPBPW?LBUCRAMLAPCRC3MRM?LQUCP
RFGQOSCQRGMLUCLCCBRMA?JASJ?RCFMUD?PRFCA?PRP?TCJQBSPGLERFCPC?ARGMLRGKC?LBRFCL?BBRF?RRMRFCQRMNNGLERGKC)R
GQPC?QML?@JCRM?QQSKCRF?RRFCTCJMAGRWPCK?GLQAMLQR?LRBSPGLERFCBPGTCPwQPC?ARGMLRGKC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ?LBUF?RUCU?LRRMQMJTCDMP7CILMURF?R v- = 30.0 m/s t reaction = 0.500 s a reaction = 0
7CR?IC x 0 − reaction RM@C7C?PCJMMIGLEDMP x reaction
)BCLRGDWRFC@CQRCOS?RGMLRMSQC
x = x 0 + v- t UMPIQUCJJ@CA?SQCRFCMLJWSLILMULT?JSCGQ x UFGAFGQUF?RUCU?LRRMQMJTCDMP
0JSEGLRFCILMULQRMQMJTCRFCCOS?RGML
x = 0 + (30.0 m/s)(0.500 s) = 15.0 m.
4FGQKC?LQRFCA?PRP?TCJQKUFGJCRFCBPGTCPPC?ARQK?IGLERFCRMR?JBGQNJ?ACKCLRQGLRFCRUMA?QCQMDBPW?LBUCR
AMLAPCRCKEPC?RCPRF?LGDFCPC?ARCBGLQR?LRJW
!BBRFCBGQNJ?ACKCLRBSPGLERFCPC?ARGMLRGKCRMRFCBGQNJ?ACKCLRUFCL@P?IGLE
x braking + x reaction = x total
? KKKUFCLBPW
@ KKKUFCLUCR
><JG: 4FCBGQR?LACLCACQQ?PWRMQRMN?A?PT?PGCQEPC?RJWBCNCLBGLEMLPM?BAMLBGRGMLQ?LBBPGTCPPC?ARGMLRGKC3FMULFCPC?PCRFC

@P?IGLEBGQR?LACQDMPBPW?LBUCRN?TCKCLR?QA?JASJ?RCBGLRFGQCV?KNJCDMP?A?PGLGRG?JJWRP?TCJGLE?RKQ!JQMQFMUL?PCRFCRMR?J
BGQR?LACQRP?TCJCBDPMKRFCNMGLRUFCPCRFCBPGTCPDGPQRQCCQ?JGEFRRSPLPCB?QQSKGLE?QPC?ARGMLRGKC
>H8JHH>DC
4FCBGQNJ?ACKCLRQDMSLBGLRFGQCV?KNJCQCCKPC?QML?@JCDMPQRMNNGLE?D?QR KMTGLEA?P)RQFMSJBR?ICJMLECPRMQRMN?A?P
MLUCRP?RFCPRF?LBPWN?TCKCLR)RGQGLRCPCQRGLERF?RPC?ARGMLRGKC?BBQQGELGDGA?LRJWRMRFCBGQNJ?ACKCLRQ"SRKMPC
GKNMPR?LRGQRFCECLCP?J?NNPM?AFRMQMJTGLENPM@JCKQ7CGBCLRGDWRFCILMULQ?LBRFCOS?LRGRGCQRM@CBCRCPKGLCB?LBRFCL
DGLB?L?NNPMNPG?RCCOS?RGML4FCPCGQMDRCLKMPCRF?LMLCU?WRMQMJTC?NPM@JCK4FCT?PGMSQN?PRQMDRFGQCV?KNJCA?LGL
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
D?AR@CQMJTCB@WMRFCPKCRFMBQ@SRRFCQMJSRGMLQNPCQCLRCB?@MTC?PCRFCQFMPRCQR
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<.>B:6G':G<:H>CID.G6;;>8
3SNNMQC?A?PKCPECQGLRMDPCCU?WRP?DDGAML? K JMLEP?KN)DGRQGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWGQKQ?LBGR?AACJCP?RCQ?R
2.00 m/s 2 FMUJMLEBMCQGRR?ICRMRP?TCJRFCKSNRFCP?KN3SAFGLDMPK?RGMLKGEFR@CSQCDSJRM?RP?DDGACLEGLCCP
-IG6I:<N
$P?U?QICRAF
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7C?PC?QICBRMQMJTCDMPRFCRGKC t !Q@CDMPCUCGBCLRGDWRFCILMULOS?LRGRGCQGLMPBCPRMAFMMQC?AMLTCLGCLRNFWQGA?J

PCJ?RGMLQFGNRF?RGQ?LCOS?RGMLUGRFMLCSLILMUL t
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ?LBUF?RUCU?LRRMQMJTCDMP7CILMURF?R v 0 = 10 m/s a = 2.00 m/s 2 ?LB x = 200 m
7CLCCBRMQMJTCDMP t #FMMQCRFC@CQRCOS?RGML x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2 UMPIQ@CQR@CA?SQCRFCMLJWSLILMULGLRFC

2
COS?RGMLGQRFCT?PG?@JC t DMPUFGAFUCLCCBRMQMJTC
7CUGJJLCCBRMPC?PP?LECRFCCOS?RGMLRMQMJTCDMP t )LRFGQA?QCGRUGJJ@CC?QGCPRMNJSEGLRFCILMULQDGPQR

200 m = 0 m + (10.0 m/s)t + 1 ⎛⎝2.00 m/s 2⎞⎠ t 2
2
3GKNJGDWRFCCOS?RGML4FCSLGRQMDKCRCPQK A?LACJ@CA?SQCRFCW?PCGLC?AFRCPK7CA?LECRRFCSLGRQMDQCAMLBQQ
RMA?LACJ@WR?IGLE t = t s UFCPC t GQRFCK?ELGRSBCMDRGKC?LBQGQRFCSLGR$MGLEQMJC?TCQ
200 = 10t + t 2.
5QCRFCOS?BP?RGADMPKSJ?RMQMJTCDMP t
? 2C?PP?LECRFCCOS?RGMLRMECRMLMLCQGBCMDRFCCOS?RGML
t 2 + 10t − 200 = 0
4FGQGQ?OS?BP?RGACOS?RGMLMDRFCDMPK
at 2 + bt + c = 0,
UFCPCRFCAMLQR?LRQ?PC a = 1.00, b = 10.0, and c = −200

@ )RQQMJSRGMLQ?PCEGTCL@WRFCOS?BP?RGADMPKSJ?
2
t = −b ± b − 4ac .
2a
4FGQWGCJBQRUMQMJSRGMLQDMP t UFGAF?PC
t = 10.0 and−20.0.
)LRFGQA?QCRFCLRFCRGKCGQ t = t GLQCAMLBQMP

t = 10.0 s and − 20.0 s.
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
!LCE?RGTCT?JSCDMPRGKCGQSLPC?QML?@JCQGLACGRUMSJBKC?LRF?RRFCCTCLRF?NNCLCBQ@CDMPCRFCKMRGML@CE?L7C
A?LBGQA?PBRF?RQMJSRGML4FSQ
t = 10.0 s.
>H8JHH>DC
7FCLCTCP?LCOS?RGMLAMLR?GLQ?LSLILMULQOS?PCBRFCPCUGJJ@CRUMQMJSRGMLQ)LQMKCNPM@JCKQ@MRFQMJSRGMLQ?PC
KC?LGLEDSJ@SRGLMRFCPQQSAF?QRFC?@MTCMLJWMLCQMJSRGMLGQPC?QML?@JC4FCQ?LQUCPQCCKQPC?QML?@JCDMP?
RWNGA?JDPCCU?WML P?KN
7GRFRFC@?QGAQMDIGLCK?RGAQCQR?@JGQFCBUCA?LEMMLRMK?LWMRFCPGLRCPCQRGLECV?KNJCQ?LB?NNJGA?RGMLQ)LRFCNPMACQQMD
BCTCJMNGLEIGLCK?RGAQUCF?TC?JQMEJGKNQCB?ECLCP?J?NNPM?AFRMNPM@JCKQMJTGLERF?RNPMBSACQ@MRFAMPPCAR?LQUCPQ?LB
GLQGEFRQGLRMNFWQGA?JPCJ?RGMLQFGNQ *GD7A:B-DAK>C<6H>8H BGQASQQCQNPM@JCK QMJTGLE@?QGAQ?LBMSRJGLCQ?L?NNPM?AFRF?R
UGJJFCJNWMSQSAACCBGLRFGQGLT?JS?@JCR?QI
-?IGLE#MLLCARGMLQ4?IC (MKC%VNCPGKCLRu"PC?IGLE.CUQ
7CF?TC@CCLSQGLE3)SLGRQMDKCRCPQNCPQCAMLBQOS?PCBRMBCQAPG@CQMKCCV?KNJCQMD?AACJCP?RGMLMPBCACJCP?RGMLMD
A?PQPSLLCPQ?LBRP?GLQ4M?AFGCTC?@CRRCPDCCJDMPRFCQCLSK@CPQMLCA?LKC?QSPCRFC@P?IGLEBCACJCP?RGMLMD?A?P
-
BMGLE?QJMU?LBQ?DC QRMN2CA?JJRF?RDMP?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGML a = Δv / Δt 7FGJCRP?TCJGLEGL?A?PQJMUJW?NNJWRFC
@P?ICQ?QWMSAMKCSNRM?QRMNQGEL(?TC?N?QQCLECPLMRCRFCGLGRG?JQNCCBGLKGJCQNCPFMSP?LBRFCRGKCR?ICLGL
QCAMLBQ RMQRMN&PMKRFGQA?JASJ?RCRFCBCACJCP?RGMLGLKGJCQNCPFMSPNCPQCAMLB#MLTCPRRFGQRMKCRCPQNCPQCAMLB
QOS?PCB?LBAMKN?PCUGRFMRFCPBCACJCP?RGMLQKCLRGMLCBGLRFGQAF?NRCP#?JASJ?RCRFCBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBGL@P?IGLE
!PMAICR?AACJCP?RCQ?R?P?RCMD 20 m/s 2 BSPGLEJ?SLAF(MUJMLEBMCQGRR?ICRFCPMAICRRMPC?AF?TCJMAGRWMDKQ

-DAJI>DC
4M?LQUCPRFGQAFMMQC?LCOS?RGMLRF?R?JJMUQWMSRMQMJTCDMPRGKC t EGTCLMLJW a v 0 ?LB v
v = v 0 + at
2C?PP?LECRMQMJTCDMP t
t = v− v 400 m/s − 0 m/s = 20 s

a =

20 m/s 2
><JG: 0PM@JCK QMJTGLEQIGJJQ?PCCQQCLRG?JRMWMSPQSAACQQGL0FWQGAQAPCBGRQASG?QRCTCM&JGAIP
0PM@JCK QMJTGLEQIGJJQ?PCM@TGMSQJWCQQCLRG?JRMQSAACQQGL?OS?LRGR?RGTCAMSPQCGLNFWQGAQ-MPCGKNMPR?LRJWRFC?@GJGRWRM?NNJW

@PM?BNFWQGA?JNPGLAGNJCQSQS?JJWPCNPCQCLRCB@WCOS?RGMLQRMQNCAGDGAQGRS?RGMLQGQ?TCPWNMUCPDSJDMPKMDILMUJCBEC)RGQKSAF
KMPCNMUCPDSJRF?LKCKMPGXGLE?JGQRMDD?ARQ!L?JWRGA?JQIGJJQ?LBNPM@JCK QMJTGLE?@GJGRGCQA?L@C?NNJGCBRMLCUQGRS?RGMLQ
UFCPC?Q?JGQRMDD?ARQA?LLMR@CK?BCJMLECLMSEFRMAMLR?GLCTCPWNMQQG@JCAGPASKQR?LAC3SAF?L?JWRGA?JQIGJJQ?PCSQCDSJ@MRF
DMPQMJTGLENPM@JCKQGLRFGQRCVR?LBDMP?NNJWGLENFWQGAQGLCTCPWB?W?LBNPMDCQQGML?JJGDC
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
0PM@JCK 3MJTGLE3RCNQ
7FGJCRFCPCGQLMQGKNJCQRCN @W QRCNKCRFMBRF?RUMPIQDMPCTCPWNPM@JCKRFCDMJJMUGLEECLCP?JNPMACBSPCQD?AGJGR?RCNPM@JCK
QMJTGLE?LBK?ICGRKMPCKC?LGLEDSJ!ACPR?GL?KMSLRMDAPC?RGTGRW?LBGLQGEFRGQPCOSGPCB?QUCJJ
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9MSUGJJ?JQMLCCBRMBCAGBCUFGAFBGPCARGMLGQNMQGRGTC?LBLMRCRF?RMLWMSPQICRAF/LACWMSF?TCGBCLRGDGCBRFCNFWQGA?J
NPGLAGNJCQGRGQKSAFC?QGCPRMDGLB?LB?NNJWRFCCOS?RGMLQPCNPCQCLRGLERFMQCNPGLAGNJCQ!JRFMSEFDGLBGLERFCAMPPCARCOS?RGMLGQ
CQQCLRG?JICCNGLKGLBRF?RCOS?RGMLQPCNPCQCLRNFWQGA?JNPGLAGNJCQJ?UQMDL?RSPC?LBPCJ?RGMLQFGNQ?KMLENFWQGA?JOS?LRGRGCQ
7GRFMSR?AMLACNRS?JSLBCPQR?LBGLEMD?NPM@JCK?LSKCPGA?JQMJSRGMLGQKC?LGLEJCQQ
-I:E
$4>84?<FGB9J;4G<F:<I8ABE64A58<A98EE879EB@G;8CEB5?8@4FFG4G87<78AG<9LG;8>ABJAF-?LWNPM@JCKQ?PCQR?RCBTCPW
QSAAGLARJW?LBPCOSGPCQMKCGLQNCARGMLRMBCRCPKGLCUF?RGQILMUL!QICRAFA?L?JQM@CTCPWSQCDSJ?RRFGQNMGLR&MPK?JJW
GBCLRGDWGLERFCILMULQGQMDN?PRGASJ?PGKNMPR?LACGL?NNJWGLENFWQGAQRMPC?J UMPJBQGRS?RGMLQ2CKCK@CPxQRMNNCByKC?LQ
TCJMAGRWGQXCPM?LBUCMDRCLA?LR?ICGLGRG?JRGKC?LBNMQGRGML?QXCPM
-I:E
78AG<9L8K46G?LJ;4GA887FGB5878G8E@<A87<AG;8CEB5?8@<78AG<9LG;8HA>ABJAF)LAMKNJCVNPM@JCKQCQNCAG?JJWGRGQLMR
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-I:E
<A74A8DH4G<BABEF8GB98DH4G<BAFG;4G64A;8?CLBHFB?I8G;8CEB5?8@9MSPJGQRMDILMULQ?LBSLILMULQA?LFCJNFCPC)RGQ
C?QGCQRGDWMSA?LDGLBCOS?RGMLQRF?RAMLR?GLMLJWMLCSLILMULuRF?RGQ?JJMDRFCMRFCPT?PG?@JCQ?PCILMULQMWMSA?LC?QGJW
QMJTCDMPRFCSLILMUL)DRFCCOS?RGMLAMLR?GLQKMPCRF?LMLCSLILMULRFCL?L?BBGRGML?JCOS?RGMLGQLCCBCBRMQMJTCRFC
NPM@JCK)LQMKCNPM@JCKQQCTCP?JSLILMULQKSQR@CBCRCPKGLCBRMECR?RRFCMLCLCCBCBKMQR)LQSAFNPM@JCKQGRGQ
CQNCAG?JJWGKNMPR?LRRMICCNNFWQGA?JNPGLAGNJCQGLKGLBRM?TMGBEMGLE?QRP?WGL?QC?MDCOS?RGMLQ9MSK?WF?TCRMSQCRUMMP
KMPC BGDDCPCLRCOS?RGMLQRMECRRFCDGL?J?LQUCP
-I:E
*H5FG<GHG8G;8>ABJAF4?BA:J<G;G;8<EHA<GF<AGBG;84CCEBCE<4G88DH4G<BA4A7B5G4<AAH@8E<64?FB?HG<BAF6B@C?8G8J<G;HA<GF
4FGQQRCNNPMBSACQRFCLSKCPGA?J?LQUCPGR?JQMNPMTGBCQ?AFCAIMLSLGRQRF?RA?LFCJNWMSDGLBCPPMPQ)DRFCSLGRQMDRFC
?LQUCP?PCGLAMPPCARRFCL?LCPPMPF?Q@CCLK?BC(MUCTCP@CU?PLCBRF?RAMPPCARSLGRQBMLMRES?P?LRCCRF?RRFCLSKCPGA?J
N?PRMDRFC?LQUCPGQ?JQMAMPPCAR
-I:E
;86>G;84AFJ8EGBF88<9<G<FE84FBA45?8B8F<G@4>8F8AF8 4FGQDGL?JQRCNGQCVRPCKCJWGKNMPR?LRuRFCEM?JMDNFWQGAQGQRM
?AASP?RCJWBCQAPG@CL?RSPC4MQCCGDRFC?LQUCPGQPC?QML?@JCAFCAI@MRFGRQK?ELGRSBC?LBGRQQGELGL?BBGRGMLRMGRQSLGRQ9MSP
HSBEKCLRUGJJGKNPMTC?QWMSQMJTCKMPC?LBKMPCNFWQGAQNPM@JCKQ?LBGRUGJJ@CAMKCNMQQG@JCDMPWMSRMK?ICDGLCP?LBDGLCP
HSBEKCLRQPCE?PBGLEUFCRFCPL?RSPCGQ?BCOS?RCJWBCQAPG@CB@WRFC?LQUCPRM?NPM@JCK4FGQQRCN@PGLEQRFCNPM@JCK@?AIRM
GRQAMLACNRS?JKC?LGLE)DWMSA?LHSBECUFCRFCPRFC?LQUCPGQPC?QML?@JCWMSF?TC?BCCNCPSLBCPQR?LBGLEMDNFWQGAQRF?L
HSQR@CGLE?@JCRMKCAF?LGA?JJWQMJTC?NPM@JCK
7FCLQMJTGLENPM@JCKQUCMDRCLNCPDMPKRFCQCQRCNQGLBGDDCPCLRMPBCP?LBUC?JQMRCLBRMBMQCTCP?JQRCNQQGKSJR?LCMSQJW
4FCPCGQLMPGEGBNPMACBSPCRF?RUGJJUMPICTCPWRGKC#PC?RGTGRW?LBGLQGEFREPMUUGRFCVNCPGCLAC?LBRFC@?QGAQMDNPM@JCK
QMJTGLE@CAMKC?JKMQR?SRMK?RGA/LCU?WRMECRNP?ARGACGQRMUMPIMSRRFCRCVRwQCV?KNJCQDMPWMSPQCJD?QWMSPC?B!LMRFCPGQ
RMUMPI?QK?LWCLB MD QCARGMLNPM@JCKQ?QNMQQG@JCQR?PRGLEUGRFRFCC?QGCQRRM@SGJBAMLDGBCLAC?LBNPMEPCQQGLERMRFCKMPC
BGDDGASJR/LACWMS@CAMKCGLTMJTCBGLNFWQGAQWMSUGJJQCCGR?JJ?PMSLBWMS?LBWMSA?L@CEGLRM?NNJWGRRMQGRS?RGMLQWMS
CLAMSLRCPMSRQGBCRFCAJ?QQPMMKHSQR?QGQBMLCGLK?LWMDRFC?NNJGA?RGMLQGLRFGQRCVR
5LPC?QML?@JC2CQSJRQ
0FWQGAQKSQRBCQAPG@CL?RSPC?AASP?RCJW3MKCNPM@JCKQF?TCPCQSJRQRF?R?PCSLPC?QML?@JC@CA?SQCMLCNPCKGQCGQ
SLPC?QML?@JCMP@CA?SQCACPR?GLNPCKGQCQ?PCGLAMLQGQRCLRUGRFMLC?LMRFCP4FCNFWQGA?JNPGLAGNJC?NNJGCBAMPPCARJWRFCL
NPMBSACQ?LSLPC?QML?@JCPCQSJR&MPCV?KNJCGD?NCPQMLQR?PRGLE?DMMRP?AC?AACJCP?RCQ?R 0.40 m/s 2 DMPQFGQDGL?J
QNCCBUGJJ@CKQ?@MSRIKF uAJC?PJWSLPC?QML?@JC@CA?SQCRFCRGKCMDQGQ?LSLPC?QML?@JCNPCKGQC4FC
NFWQGAQGQAMPPCARGL?QCLQC@SRRFCPCGQKMPCRMBCQAPG@GLEL?RSPCRF?LHSQRK?LGNSJ?RGLECOS?RGMLQAMPPCARJW#FCAIGLERFC
PCQSJRMD?NPM@JCKRMQCCGDGRGQPC?QML?@JCBMCQKMPCRF?LFCJNSLAMTCPCPPMPQGLNPM@JCKQMJTGLEuGR?JQM@SGJBQGLRSGRGMLGL
HSBEGLEUFCRFCPL?RSPCGQ@CGLE?AASP?RCJWBCQAPG@CB
5QCRFCDMJJMUGLEQRP?RCEGCQRMBCRCPKGLCUFCRFCP?L?LQUCPGQPC?QML?@JC?LBGDGRGQLMRRMBCRCPKGLCUF?RGQRFCA?SQC
-I:E
*B?I8G;8CEB5?8@HF<A:FGE4G8:<8F4FBHG?<A874A7<AG;89BE@4G9B??BJ87<AG;8JBE>878K4@C?8F<AG;8G8KG)LRFCCV?KNJC
EGTCLGLRFCNPCACBGLEN?P?EP?NFWMSUMSJBGBCLRGDWRFCEGTCLQ?QRFC?AACJCP?RGML?LBRGKC?LBSQCRFCCOS?RGML@CJMURMDGLB
RFCSLILMULDGL?JTCJMAGRW4F?RGQ
v = v 0 + at = 0 + ⎛⎝0.40 m/s 2⎞⎠(100 s) = 40 m/s.
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
-I:E
;86>GBF88<9G;84AFJ8E<FE84FBA45?8)QGRRMMJ?PECMPRMMQK?JJMPBMCQGRF?TCRFCUPMLEQGELGKNPMNCPSLGRQ{)LRFGQ
A?QCWMSK?WLCCBRMAMLTCPRKCRCPQNCPQCAMLBGLRM?KMPCD?KGJG?PSLGRQSAF?QKGJCQNCPFMSP
⎛40 m ⎞⎛3.28 ft ⎞⎛ 1 mi ⎞⎛60 s ⎞⎛60 min ⎞ = 89 mph
⎝ s ⎠⎝ m ⎠⎝5280 ft ⎠⎝ min ⎠⎝ 1 h ⎠
4FGQTCJMAGRWGQ?@MSRDMSPRGKCQEPC?RCPRF?L?NCPQMLA?LPSLuQMGRGQRMMJ?PEC
-I:E
9G;84AFJ8E<FHAE84FBA45?8?BB>9BEJ;4GFC86<9<64??L6BH?764HF8G;8<78AG<9<877<99<6H?GL)LRFCCV?KNJCMDRFCPSLLCPRFCPC
?PCMLJWRUM?QQSKNRGMLQRF?R?PCQSQNCAR4FC?AACJCP?RGMLAMSJB@CRMMEPC?RMPRFCRGKCRMMJMLE&GPQRJMMI?RRFC?AACJCP?RGML
?LBRFGLI?@MSRUF?RRFCLSK@CPKC?LQ)DQMKCMLC?AACJCP?RCQ?R 0.40 m/s 2 RFCGPTCJMAGRWGQGLAPC?QGLE@WKQC?AF
QCAMLB$MCQRFGQQCCKPC?QML?@JC)DQMRFCRGKCKSQR@CRMMJMLE)RGQLMRNMQQG@JCDMPQMKCMLCRM?AACJCP?RC?R?AMLQR?LR
0.40 m/s 2 DMPQ?JKMQRRUMKGLSRCQ
P?RCMD
6AA>C<)7?:8IH
&?JJGLEM@HCARQDMPK?LGLRCPCQRGLEAJ?QQMDKMRGMLNPM@JCKQ&MPCV?KNJCUCA?LCQRGK?RCRFCBCNRFMD?TCPRGA?JKGLCQF?DR@W
BPMNNGLE?PMAIGLRMGR?LBJGQRCLGLEDMPRFCPMAIRMFGRRFC@MRRMK"W?NNJWGLERFCIGLCK?RGAQBCTCJMNCBQMD?PRMD?JJGLEM@HCARQ
UCA?LCV?KGLCQMKCGLRCPCQRGLEQGRS?RGMLQ?LBJC?PLKSAF?@MSREP?TGRWGLRFCNPMACQQ
'P?TGRW
4FCKMQRPCK?PI?@JC?LBSLCVNCARCBD?AR?@MSRD?JJGLEM@HCARQGQRF?RGD?GPPCQGQR?LAC?LBDPGARGML?PCLCEJGEG@JCRFCLGL?EGTCL
JMA?RGML?JJM@HCARQD?JJRMU?PBRFCACLRCPMD%?PRFUGRFRFC F4@86BAFG4AG4668?8E4G<BA <A78C8A78AGB9G;8<E@4FF4FGQ
CVNCPGKCLR?JJWBCRCPKGLCBD?ARGQSLCVNCARCB@CA?SQCUC?PCQM?AASQRMKCBRMRFCCDDCARQMD?GPPCQGQR?LAC?LBDPGARGMLRF?RUC
CVNCARJGEFRM@HCARQRMD?JJQJMUCPRF?LFC?TWMLCQ
><JG: !F?KKCP?LB?DC?RFCPUGJJD?JJUGRFRFCQ?KCAMLQR?LR?AACJCP?RGMLGD?GPPCQGQR?LACGQAMLQGBCPCBLCEJGEG@JC4FGQGQ?ECLCP?J
AF?P?ARCPGQRGAMDEP?TGRWLMRSLGOSCRM%?PRF?Q?QRPML?SR$?TGB23AMRRBCKMLQRP?RCBMLRFC-MMLGLUFCPCRFC?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRWGQ
MLJW 1.67 m/s 2
)LRFCPC?JUMPJB?GPPCQGQR?LACA?LA?SQC?JGEFRCPM@HCARRMD?JJQJMUCPRF?L?FC?TGCPM@HCARMDRFCQ?KCQGXC!RCLLGQ@?JJUGJJ
PC?AFRFCEPMSLB?DRCP?F?PB@?QC@?JJBPMNNCB?RRFCQ?KCRGKC)RKGEFR@CBGDDGASJRRMM@QCPTCRFCBGDDCPCLACGDRFCFCGEFRGQLMR
J?PEC !GPPCQGQR?LACMNNMQCQRFCKMRGMLMD?LM@HCARRFPMSEFRFC?GPUFGJCDPGARGML@CRUCCLM@HCARQuQSAF?Q@CRUCCLAJMRFCQ
?LB?J?SLBPWAFSRCMP@CRUCCL?QRMLC?LB?NMMJGLRMUFGAFGRGQBPMNNCBu?JQMMNNMQCQKMRGML@CRUCCLRFCK&MPRFCGBC?J
QGRS?RGMLQMDRFCQCDGPQRDCUAF?NRCPQ?LM@HCAR 94??<A:J<G;BHG4<EE8F<FG4A68BE9E<6G<BA GQBCDGLCBRM@CGL ;G::;6AA
4FCDMPACMDEP?TGRWA?SQCQM@HCARQRMD?JJRMU?PBRFCACLRCPMD%?PRF4FC?AACJCP?RGMLMDDPCC D?JJGLEM@HCARQGQRFCPCDMPCA?JJCB
RFC 688:A:G6I>DC9J:ID<G6K>IN4FC?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRWGQ 6BAFG4AGUFGAFKC?LQUCA?L?NNJWRFCIGLCK?RGAQ
COS?RGMLQRM?LWD?JJGLEM@HCARUFCPC?GPPCQGQR?LAC?LBDPGARGML?PCLCEJGEG@JC4FGQMNCLQ?@PM?BAJ?QQMDGLRCPCQRGLEQGRS?RGMLQ
RMSQ4FC?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRWGQQMGKNMPR?LRRF?RGRQK?ELGRSBCGQEGTCLGRQMULQWK@MJ g )RGQAMLQR?LR?R?LWEGTCL
JMA?RGMLML%?PRF?LBF?QRFC?TCP?ECT?JSC
g = 9.80 m/s 2.
!JRFMSEF g T?PGCQDPMK 9.78 m/s 2 RM 9.83 m/s 2 BCNCLBGLEMLJ?RGRSBC?JRGRSBCSLBCPJWGLEECMJMEGA?JDMPK?RGMLQ?LBJMA?J
RMNMEP?NFWRFC?TCP?ECT?JSCMD 9.80 m/s 2 UGJJ@CSQCBGLRFGQRCVRSLJCQQMRFCPUGQCQNCAGDGCB4FCBGPCARGMLMDRFC
?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRWGQ 7BJAJ4E7GBJ4E7FG;868AG8EB94EG;)LD?ARGRQBGPCARGML 789<A8F UF?RUCA?JJTCPRGA?J.MRCRF?R
UFCRFCPRFC?AACJCP?RGML a GLRFCIGLCK?RGACOS?RGMLQF?QRFCT?JSC +g MP −g BCNCLBQMLFMUUCBCDGLCMSPAMMPBGL?RC
QWQRCK)DUCBCDGLCRFCSNU?PBBGPCARGML?QNMQGRGTCRFCL a = −g = −9.80 m/s 2 ?LBGDUCBCDGLCRFCBMULU?PBBGPCARGML?Q

NMQGRGTCRFCL a = g = 9.80 m/s 2
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
/LC $GKCLQGML?J-MRGML)LTMJTGLE'P?TGRW
4FC@CQRU?WRMQCCRFC@?QGADC?RSPCQMDKMRGMLGLTMJTGLEEP?TGRWGQRMQR?PRUGRFRFCQGKNJCQRQGRS?RGMLQ?LBRFCLNPMEPCQQRMU?PB
KMPCAMKNJCVMLCQ3MUCQR?PR@WAMLQGBCPGLEQRP?GEFRSN?LBBMULKMRGMLUGRFLM?GPPCQGQR?LACMPDPGARGML4FCQC
?QQSKNRGMLQKC?LRF?RRFCTCJMAGRWGDRFCPCGQ?LW GQTCPRGA?J)DRFCM@HCARGQBPMNNCBUCILMURFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWGQXCPM/LAC
RFCM@HCARF?QJCDRAMLR?ARUGRFUF?RCTCPFCJBMPRFPCUGRRFCM@HCARGQGLDPCC D?JJ5LBCPRFCQCAGPASKQR?LACQRFCKMRGMLGQMLC
BGKCLQGML?J?LBF?QAMLQR?LR?AACJCP?RGMLMDK?ELGRSBC g 7CUGJJ?JQMPCNPCQCLRTCPRGA?JBGQNJ?ACKCLRUGRFRFCQWK@MJ y ?LB
SQC x DMPFMPGXMLR?JBGQNJ?ACKCLR
+GLCK?RGA%OS?RGMLQDMP/@HCARQGL&PCC &?JJUFCPC!AACJCP?RGML :
v = v 0 - gt

y = y 0 + v 0t - 1 gt 2
2
v 2 = v 20 - 2g(y − y 0)
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<*DH>I>DC6C90:AD8>IND;6 6AA>C<)7?:8I,D8@.=GDLC/EL6G9

!NCPQMLQR?LBGLEMLRFCCBECMD?FGEFAJGDDRFPMUQ?PMAIQRP?GEFRSNUGRF?LGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWMDKQ 4FCPMAIKGQQCQRFC
CBECMDRFCAJGDD?QGRD?JJQ@?AIRMC?PRF#?JASJ?RCRFCNMQGRGML?LBTCJMAGRWMDRFCPMAIQQ?LBQ?DRCPGRGQ
RFPMULLCEJCARGLERFCCDDCARQMD?GPPCQGQR?LAC
-IG6I:<N
$P?U?QICRAF
><JG:
7C?PC?QICBRMBCRCPKGLCRFCNMQGRGML y ?RT?PGMSQRGKCQ)RGQPC?QML?@JCRMR?ICRFCGLGRG?JNMQGRGML y 0 RM@CXCPM4FGQ

NPM@JCKGLTMJTCQMLC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGMLGLRFCTCPRGA?JBGPCARGML7CSQCNJSQ?LBKGLSQQGELQRMGLBGA?RCBGPCARGMLUGRFSN
@CGLENMQGRGTC?LBBMULLCE?RGTC3GLACSNGQNMQGRGTC?LBRFCPMAIGQRFPMULSNU?PBRFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWKSQR@CNMQGRGTC
RMM4FC?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRWGQBMULU?PBQM a GQLCE?RGTC)RGQAPSAG?JRF?RRFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRW?LBRFC?AACJCP?RGML
BSCRMEP?TGRWF?TCMNNMQGRCQGELQ/NNMQGRCQGELQGLBGA?RCRF?RRFC?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRWMNNMQCQRFCGLGRG?JKMRGML
?LBUGJJQJMU?LBCTCLRS?JJWPCTCPQCGR
3GLACUC?PC?QICBDMPT?JSCQMDNMQGRGML?LBTCJMAGRW?RRFPCCRGKCQUCUGJJPCDCPRMRFCQC?Q y 1 ?LB v 1 y 2 ?LB v 2 ?LB
y 3 ?LB v 3
-DAJI>DC;DG*DH>I>DC y1
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ7CILMURF?R y 0 = 0 v 0 = 13.0 m/s a = −g = −9.80 m/s 2 ?LB t = 1.00 s
)BCLRGDWRFC@CQRCOS?RGMLRMSQC7CUGJJSQC y = y 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2 @CA?SQCGRGLAJSBCQMLJWMLCSLILMUL y MP y 1

2
FCPC UFGAFGQRFCT?JSCUCU?LRRMDGLB
0JSEGLRFCILMULT?JSCQ?LBQMJTCDMP y1

y = 0 + (13.0 m/s)(1.00 s) + 1 ⎛⎝−9.80 m/s 2⎞⎠(1.00 s) 2 = 8.10 m
2
>H8JHH>DC
4FCPMAIGQK?@MTCGRQQR?PRGLENMGLR?R t = 1.00 QQGLAC y 1 > y 0 )RAMSJB@C @BI<A: SNMPBMULRFCMLJWU?WRM
RCJJGQRMA?JASJ?RC v 1 ?LBDGLBMSRGDGRGQNMQGRGTCMPLCE?RGTC
-DAJI>DC;DG0:AD8>IN v1
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ7CILMURF?R y 0 = 0 v 0 = 13.0 m/s a = −g = −9.80 m/s 2 ?LB t = 1.00 s 7C?JQMILMU
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
DPMKRFCQMJSRGML?@MTCRF?R y 1 = 8.10 m
)BCLRGDWRFC@CQRCOS?RGMLRMSQC4FCKMQRQRP?GEFRDMPU?PBGQ v = v 0 − gt DPMK v = v 0 + at UFCPC
a = gravitational acceleration = −g
0JSEGLRFCILMULQ?LBQMJTC
v 1 = v 0 − gt = 13.0 m/s − ⎛⎝9.80 m/s 2⎞⎠(1.00 s) = 3.20 m/s
>H8JHH>DC
4FCNMQGRGTCT?JSCDMP v 1 KC?LQRF?RRFCPMAIGQQRGJJFC?BGLESNU?PB?R t = 1.00 s (MUCTCPGRF?QQJMUCBDPMKGRQMPGEGL?J
KQ?QCVNCARCB
-DAJI>DC;DG,:B6>C>C<.>B:H
4FCNPMACBSPCQDMPA?JASJ?RGLERFCNMQGRGML?LBTCJMAGRW?R t = 2.00 s ?LB 3.00 s ?PCRFCQ?KC?QRFMQC?@MTC4FC
PCQSJRQ?PCQSKK?PGXCBGL .67A: ?LBGJJSQRP?RCBGL ><JG:
4?@JC 2CQSJRQ
.>B:
1 *DH>I>DC
5 0:AD8>IN
3 88:A:G6I>DC

1.00 s 8.10 m 3.20 m/s −9.80 m/s 2

2.00 s 6.40 m −6.60 m/s −9.80 m/s 2
3.00 s −5.10 m −16.4 m/s −9.80 m/s 2
'P?NFGLERFCB?R?FCJNQSQSLBCPQR?LBGRKMPCAJC?PJW
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: 6CPRGA?JNMQGRGMLTCPRGA?JTCJMAGRW?LBTCPRGA?J?AACJCP?RGMLTQRGKCDMP?PMAIRFPMULTCPRGA?JJWSN?RRFCCBECMD?AJGDD.MRGACRF?R

TCJMAGRWAF?LECQJGLC?PJWUGRFRGKC?LBRF?R?AACJCP?RGMLGQAMLQR?LR $<F6BA68CG<BA?8EG .MRGACRF?RRFCNMQGRGMLTQRGKCEP?NFQFMUQTCPRGA?J
NMQGRGMLMLJW)RGQC?QWRMECRRFCGKNPCQQGMLRF?RRFCEP?NFQFMUQQMKCFMPGXMLR?JKMRGMLuRFCQF?NCMDRFCEP?NFJMMIQJGICRFCN?RFMD?
NPMHCARGJC"SRRFGQGQLMRRFCA?QCRFCFMPGXMLR?J?VGQGQ G<@8LMRQN?AC4FC?ARS?JN?RFMDRFCPMAIGLQN?ACGQQRP?GEFRSN?LBQRP?GEFRBMUL
>H8JHH>DC
4FCGLRCPNPCR?RGMLMDRFCQCPCQSJRQGQGKNMPR?LR!RQRFCPMAIGQ?@MTCGRQQR?PRGLENMGLR?LBFC?BGLESNU?PBQGLAC y1
?LB v 1 ?PC@MRFNMQGRGTC!RQRFCPMAIGQQRGJJ?@MTCGRQQR?PRGLENMGLR@SRRFCLCE?RGTCTCJMAGRWKC?LQGRGQKMTGLE
BMULU?PB!RQ@MRF y 3 ?LB v 3 ?PCLCE?RGTCKC?LGLERFCPMAIGQ@CJMUGRQQR?PRGLENMGLR?LBAMLRGLSGLERMKMTC
BMULU?PB.MRGACRF?RUFCLRFCPMAIGQ?RGRQFGEFCQRNMGLR?RQ GRQTCJMAGRWGQXCPM@SRGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQQRGJJ
−9.80 m/s 2 )RQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQ −9.80 m/s 2 DMPRFCUFMJCRPGNuUFGJCGRGQKMTGLESN?LBUFGJCGRGQKMTGLEBMUL.MRC
RF?RRFCT?JSCQDMP y ?PCRFCNMQGRGMLQMPBGQNJ?ACKCLRQ MDRFCPMAILMRRFCRMR?JBGQR?LACQRP?TCJCB&GL?JJWLMRCRF?RDPCC
D?JJ?NNJGCQRMSNU?PBKMRGML?QUCJJ?QBMULU?PB"MRFF?TCRFCQ?KC?AACJCP?RGMLuRFC?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRWUFGAF
PCK?GLQAMLQR?LRRFCCLRGPCRGKC!QRPML?SRQRP?GLGLEGLRFCD?KMSQ6MKGR#MKCRDMPCV?KNJCCVNCPGCLACDPCC D?JJUFGJC
?PAGLESN?QUCJJ?QBMUL?QUCUGJJBGQASQQGLKMPCBCR?GJJ?RCP
-?IGLE#MLLCARGMLQ4?IC (MKC%VNCPGKCLRu2C?ARGML4GKC
!QGKNJCCVNCPGKCLRA?L@CBMLCRMBCRCPKGLCWMSPPC?ARGMLRGKC(?TC?DPGCLBFMJB?PSJCP@CRUCCLWMSPRFSK@?LBGLBCV
DGLECPQCN?P?RCB@W?@MSRAK.MRCRFCK?PIMLRFCPSJCPRF?RGQPGEFR@CRUCCLWMSPDGLECPQ(?TCWMSPDPGCLBBPMNRFCPSJCP
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
SLCVNCARCBJW?LBRPWRMA?RAFGR@CRUCCLWMSPRUMDGLECPQ.MRCRFCLCUPC?BGLEMLRFCPSJCP!QQSKGLE?AACJCP?RGMLGQRF?R
BSCRMEP?TGRWA?JASJ?RCWMSPPC?ARGMLRGKC(MUD?PUMSJBWMSRP?TCJGL?A?PKMTGLE?RKQ GDRFCRGKCGRRMMIWMSPDMMR
RMEMDPMKRFCE?QNCB?JRMRFC@P?ICU?QRUGACRFGQPC?ARGMLRGKC
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<0:AD8>IND;6 6AA>C<)7?:8I,D8@.=GDLCDLC

7F?RF?NNCLQGDRFCNCPQMLMLRFCAJGDDRFPMUQRFCPMAIQRP?GEFRBMULGLQRC?BMDQRP?GEFRSN4MCVNJMPCRFGQOSCQRGML
A?JASJ?RCRFCTCJMAGRWMDRFCPMAIUFCLGRGQK@CJMURFCQR?PRGLENMGLR?LBF?Q@CCLRFPMULBMULU?PBUGRF?LGLGRG?J
QNCCBMDKQ
-IG6I:<N
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><JG:
y0 = 0
3GLACSNGQNMQGRGTCRFCDGL?JNMQGRGMLMDRFCPMAIUGJJ@CLCE?RGTC@CA?SQCGRDGLGQFCQ@CJMURFCQR?PRGLENMGLR?R
3GKGJ?PJWRFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWGQBMULU?PB?LBRFCPCDMPCLCE?RGTC?QGQRFC?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRW7CCVNCARRFCDGL?J
TCJMAGRWRM@CLCE?RGTCQGLACRFCPMAIUGJJAMLRGLSCRMKMTCBMULU?PB
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ y 0 = 0 y 1 = − 5.10 m v 0 = −13.0 m/s a = −g = −9.80 m/s 2
#FMMQCRFCIGLCK?RGACOS?RGMLRF?RK?ICQGRC?QGCQRRMQMJTCRFCNPM@JCK4FCCOS?RGML v 2 = v 20 + 2a(y − y 0) UMPIQ

UCJJ@CA?SQCRFCMLJWSLILMULGLGRGQ v 7CUGJJNJSE y 1 GLDMP y
%LRCPRFCILMULT?JSCQ
v 2 = (−13.0 m/s) 2 + 2⎛⎝−9.80 m/s 2⎞⎠(−5.10 m − 0 m) = 268.96 m 2 /s 2,
UFCPCUCF?TCPCR?GLCBCVRP?QGELGDGA?LRDGESPCQ@CA?SQCRFGQGQ?LGLRCPKCBG?RCPCQSJR
4?IGLERFCQOS?PCPMMR?LBLMRGLERF?R?QOS?PCPMMRA?L@CNMQGRGTCMPLCE?RGTCEGTCQ
v = ±16.4 m/s.
4FCLCE?RGTCPMMRGQAFMQCLRMGLBGA?RCRF?RRFCPMAIGQQRGJJFC?BGLEBMUL4FSQ
v = −16.4 m/s.
>H8JHH>DC
.MRCRF?R G;<F<F8K46G?LG;8F4@8I8?B6<GLG;8EB6>;474GG;<FCBF<G<BAJ;8A<GJ4FG;EBJAFGE4<:;GHCJ4E7J<G;G;8F4@8
<A<G<4?FC8873CC M6BEA: ?LB ><JG:? 4FGQGQLMR?AMGLAGBCLR?JPCQSJR"CA?SQCUCMLJWAMLQGBCPRFC
?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRWGLRFGQNPM@JCKRFC FC887 MD?D?JJGLEM@HCARBCNCLBQMLJWMLGRQGLGRG?JQNCCB?LBGRQTCPRGA?J
NMQGRGMLPCJ?RGTCRMRFCQR?PRGLENMGLR&MPCV?KNJCGDRFCTCJMAGRWMDRFCPMAIGQA?JASJ?RCB?R?FCGEFRMDK?@MTCRFC
QR?PRGLENMGLRSQGLERFCKCRFMBDPMK M6BEA: UFCLRFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWGQKQQRP?GEFRSN?PCQSJRMD ±3.20 m/s
GQM@R?GLCB(CPC@MRFQGELQ?PCKC?LGLEDSJRFCNMQGRGTCT?JSCMAASPQUFCLRFCPMAIGQ?RK?LBFC?BGLESN?LBRFC
LCE?RGTCT?JSCMAASPQUFCLRFCPMAIGQ?RK?LBFC?BGLE@?AIBMUL)RF?QRFCQ?KC FC887 @SRRFCMNNMQGRCBGPCARGML
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: ? !NCPQMLRFPMUQ?PMAIQRP?GEFRSN?QCVNJMPCBGL M6BEA:4FC?PPMUQ?PCTCJMAGRWTCARMPQ?R?LBQ@

!NCPQMLRFPMUQ?PMAIQRP?GEFRBMULDPMK?AJGDDUGRFRFCQ?KCGLGRG?JQNCCB?Q@CDMPC?QGL M6BEA:.MRCRF?R?RRFCQ?KCBGQR?LAC@CJMU
RFCNMGLRMDPCJC?QCRFCPMAIF?QRFCQ?KCTCJMAGRWGL@MRFA?QCQ
!LMRFCPU?WRMJMMI?RGRGQRFGQ)L M6BEA:RFCPMAIGQRFPMULSNUGRF?LGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWMD13.0 m/s )RPGQCQ?LBRFCL

D?JJQ@?AIBMUL7FCLGRQNMQGRGMLGQ y = 0 MLGRQU?W@?AIBMULGRQTCJMAGRWGQ −13.0 m/s 4F?RGQGRF?QRFCQ?KC
QNCCBMLGRQU?WBMUL?QMLGRQU?WSN7CUMSJBRFCLCVNCARGRQTCJMAGRW?R?NMQGRGMLMD y = −5.10 m RM@CRFCQ?KC
UFCRFCPUCF?TCRFPMULGRSNU?PBQ?R +13.0 m/s MPRFPMULGRBMULU?PBQ?R −13.0 m/s 4FCTCJMAGRWMDRFCPMAIMLGRQ
U?WBMULDPMK y = 0 GQRFCQ?KCUFCRFCPUCF?TCRFPMULGRSNMPBMULRMQR?PRUGRF?QJMLE?QRFCQNCCBUGRFUFGAFGR
U?QGLGRG?JJWRFPMULGQRFCQ?KC
M6BEA: >C9 % ;GDB6I6DC6 6AA>C<)7?:8I

4FC?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRWML%?PRFBGDDCPQQJGEFRJWDPMKNJ?ACRMNJ?ACBCNCLBGLEMLRMNMEP?NFWCEUFCRFCPWMS?PC
ML?FGJJMPGL?T?JJCW ?LBQS@QSPD?ACECMJMEWUFCRFCPRFCPCGQBCLQCPMAIJGICGPMLMPC?QMNNMQCBRMJGEFRPMAIJGICQ?JR
@CLC?RFWMS 4FCNPCAGQC?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRWA?L@CA?JASJ?RCBDPMKB?R?R?ICLGL?LGLRPMBSARMPWNFWQGAQ
J?@MP?RMPWAMSPQC!LM@HCARSQS?JJW?KCR?J@?JJDMPUFGAF?GPPCQGQR?LACGQLCEJGEG@JCGQBPMNNCB?LBRFCRGKCGRR?ICQRMD?JJ
?ILMULBGQR?LACGQKC?QSPCB3CCDMPCV?KNJC ><JG:6CPWNPCAGQCPCQSJRQA?L@CNPMBSACBUGRFRFGQKCRFMBGD
QSDDGAGCLRA?PCGQR?ICLGLKC?QSPGLERFCBGQR?LACD?JJCL?LBRFCCJ?NQCBRGKC
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: 0MQGRGMLQ?LBTCJMAGRGCQMD?KCR?J@?JJPCJC?QCBDPMKPCQRUFCL?GPPCQGQR?LACGQLCEJGEG@JC6CJMAGRWGQQCCLRMGLAPC?QCJGLC?PJWUGRF
RGKCUFGJCBGQNJ?ACKCLRGLAPC?QCQUGRFRGKCQOS?PCB!AACJCP?RGMLGQ?AMLQR?LR?LBGQCOS?JRMEP?TGR?RGML?J?AACJCP?RGML
3SNNMQCRFC@?JJD?JJQKGLQ!QQSKGLERFC@?JJGQLMR?DDCARCB@W?GPPCQGQR?LACUF?RGQRFCNPCAGQC
?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRW?RRFGQJMA?RGML
-IG6I:<N
$P?U?QICRAF
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG:
7CLCCBRMQMJTCDMP?AACJCP?RGML a .MRCRF?RGLRFGQA?QCBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQBMULU?PB?LBRFCPCDMPCLCE?RGTC?QGQ

?AACJCP?RGML
-DAJI>DC
)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ y 0 = 0 y = –1.0000 m t = 0.45173 v 0 = 0
#FMMQCRFCCOS?RGMLRF?R?JJMUQWMSRMQMJTCDMP a SQGLERFCILMULT?JSCQ

y = y 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2
2
3S@QRGRSRCDMP v 0 ?LBPC?PP?LECRFCCOS?RGMLRMQMJTCDMP a 3S@QRGRSRGLEDMP v 0 WGCJBQ

y = y 0 + 1 at 2.
2
3MJTGLEDMP a EGTCQ
2(y − y 0)
a= .
t2
3S@QRGRSRCILMULT?JSCQWGCJBQ
2( − 1.0000 m – 0)
a= = −9.8010 m/s 2 ,
(0.45173 s) 2
QM@CA?SQC a = −g UGRFRFCBGPCARGMLQUCF?TCAFMQCL
g = 9.8010 m/s 2.
>H8JHH>DC
4FCLCE?RGTCT?JSCDMP a GLBGA?RCQRF?RRFCEP?TGR?RGML?J?AACJCP?RGMLGQBMULU?PB?QCVNCARCB7CCVNCARRFCT?JSCRM@C
QMKCUFCPC?PMSLBRFC?TCP?ECT?JSCMD 9.80 m/s 2 QM 9.8010 m/s 2 K?ICQQCLQC3GLACRFCB?R?EMGLEGLRMRFC
A?JASJ?RGML?PCPCJ?RGTCJWNPCAGQCRFGQT?JSCDMP g GQKMPCNPCAGQCRF?LRFC?TCP?ECT?JSCMD 9.80 m/s 2 GRPCNPCQCLRQRFC
JMA?JT?JSCDMPRFC?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRW
!AFSLIMDGAC@PC?IQMDD?EJ?AGCP?LBD?JJQKCRCPQ@CDMPCGRFGRQRFCU?RCP!QQSKGLEGRD?JJQDPCCJWRFCPCGQLM?GP
PCQGQR?LAC FMUJMLEBMCQGRR?ICRMFGRRFCU?RCP
-DAJI>DC
7CILMURF?RGLGRG?JNMQGRGML y 0 = 0 DGL?JNMQGRGML y = −30.0 m ?LB a = −g = −9.80 m/s 2 7CA?LRFCLSQCRFC

COS?RGML y = y 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2 RMQMJTCDMP t )LQCPRGLE a = −g UCM@R?GL
2

y = 0 + 0 − 1 gt 2
2
2y
t2 = −g
2y 2( − 30.0 m)
t = ± −g = ± = ± 6.12 s 2 = 2.47 s ≈ 2.5 s
−9.80 m/s 2
UFCPCUCR?ICRFCNMQGRGTCT?JSC?QRFCNFWQGA?JJWPCJCT?LR?LQUCP4FSQGRR?ICQ?@MSRQCAMLBQDMPRFCNGCACMDGACRM
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
FGRRFCU?RCP
0F%4%VNJMP?RGMLQ%OS?RGML'P?NFCP
,C?PL?@MSREP?NFGLENMJWLMKG?JQ4FCQF?NCMDRFCASPTCAF?LECQ?QRFCAMLQR?LRQ?PC?BHSQRCB6GCURFCASPTCQDMPRFC
GLBGTGBS?JRCPKQCE y = bx RMQCCFMURFCW?BBRMECLCP?RCRFCNMJWLMKG?JASPTC
.=>HB:9>6INE:>HCDIHJEEDGI:9>CI=>HG:69:GA>8@IDDE:CB:9>6>C7GDLH:G=IIE 8CMDG< 8DCI:CI B

*=:I5BD9JA:5
><JG:
!EP?NFJGIC?NGARSPCGQUMPRF?RFMSQ?LBUMPBQ'P?NFQLMRMLJWAMLR?GLLSKCPGA?JGLDMPK?RGMLRFCW?JQMPCTC?JPCJ?RGMLQFGNQ
@CRUCCLNFWQGA?JOS?LRGRGCQ4FGQQCARGMLSQCQEP?NFQMDNMQGRGMLTCJMAGRW?LB?AACJCP?RGMLTCPQSQRGKCRMGJJSQRP?RCMLC
BGKCLQGML?JIGLCK?RGAQ
3JMNCQ?LB'CLCP?J2CJ?RGMLQFGNQ
&GPQRLMRCRF?REP?NFQGLRFGQRCVRF?TCNCPNCLBGASJ?P?VCQMLCFMPGXMLR?J?LBRFCMRFCPTCPRGA?J7FCLRUMNFWQGA?JOS?LRGRGCQ?PC
NJMRRCB?E?GLQRMLC?LMRFCPGLQSAF?EP?NFRFCFMPGXMLR?J?VGQGQSQS?JJWAMLQGBCPCBRM@C?L >C9:E:C9:CIK6G>67A: ?LBRFC
TCPRGA?J?VGQ? 9:E:C9:CIK6G>67A:)DUCA?JJRFCFMPGXMLR?J?VGQRFC x ?VGQ?LBRFCTCPRGA?J?VGQRFC y ?VGQ?QGL ><JG:?
QRP?GEFR JGLCEP?NFF?QRFCECLCP?JDMPK
y = mx + b.
(CPC m GQRFC HADE:BCDGLCBRM@CRFCPGQCBGTGBCB@WRFCPSL?QQCCLGLRFCDGESPC MDRFCQRP?GEFRJGLC4FCJCRRCP b GQSQCBDMP

RFC 5>CI:G8:EIUFGAFGQRFCNMGLR?RUFGAFRFCJGLCAPMQQCQRFCTCPRGA?J?VGQ
><JG: !QRP?GEFR JGLCEP?NF4FCCOS?RGMLDMP?QRP?GEFRJGLCGQ y = mx + b
'P?NFMD0MQGRGMLTQ4GKC4 QM I GQAMLQR?LR

4GKCGQSQS?JJW?LGLBCNCLBCLRT?PG?@JCRF?RMRFCPOS?LRGRGCQQSAF?QNMQGRGMLBCNCLBSNML!EP?NFMDNMQGRGMLTCPQSQRGKC
UMSJBRFSQF?TC x MLRFCTCPRGA?J?VGQ?LB t MLRFCFMPGXMLR?J?VGQ ><JG: GQHSQRQSAF?QRP?GEFR JGLCEP?NF)RQFMUQ?
EP?NFMDNMQGRGMLTCPQSQRGKCDMP?HCR NMUCPCBA?PML?TCPWDJ?RBPWJ?IC@CBGL.CT?B?
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: 'P?NFMDNMQGRGMLTCPQSQRGKCDMP?HCR NMUCPCBA?PMLRFC"MLLCTGJJC3?JR&J?RQ
5QGLERFCPCJ?RGMLQFGN@CRUCCLBCNCLBCLR?LBGLBCNCLBCLRT?PG?@JCQUCQCCRF?RRFCQJMNCGLRFCEP?NF?@MTCGQ?TCP?EC
-
TCJMAGRW v ?LBRFCGLRCPACNRGQNMQGRGML?RRGKCXCPMuRF?RGQ x 0 3S@QRGRSRGLERFCQCQWK@MJQGLRM y = mx + b EGTCQ
x = v- t + x 0
MP
x = x 0 + v- t.
4FSQ?EP?NFMDNMQGRGMLTCPQSQRGKCEGTCQ?ECLCP?JPCJ?RGMLQFGN?KMLEBGQNJ?ACKCLRAF?LECGLNMQGRGML TCJMAGRW?LBRGKC?Q

UCJJ?QEGTGLEBCR?GJCBLSKCPGA?JGLDMPK?RGML?@MSR?QNCAGDGAQGRS?RGML
4FC3JMNCMD K TQ G
4FCQJMNCMDRFCEP?NFMDNMQGRGML x TQRGKC t GQTCJMAGRW v

slope = Δx = v
Δt
.MRGACRF?RRFGQCOS?RGMLGQRFCQ?KC?QRF?RBCPGTCB?JEC@P?GA?JJWDPMKMRFCPKMRGMLCOS?RGMLQGL 'DI>DCFJ6I>DCH;DG
DCHI6CI88:A:G6I>DC>C)C:>B:CH>DC
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PC?BDPMKRFCEP?NFDSPRFCPKMPCGLDMPK?RGML?@MSRGRQTCJMAGRW?LB?AACJCP?RGMLA?L?JQM@CM@R?GLCBDPMKRFCEP?NF
M6BEA: :I:GB>C>C<K:G6<:0:AD8>IN;GDB6!G6E=D;*DH>I>DCK:GHJH.>B:$:I6G
&GLBRFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWMDRFCA?PUFMQCNMQGRGMLGQEP?NFCBGL ><JG:
-IG6I:<N
4FCQJMNCMD?EP?NFMD x TQ t GQ?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWQGLACQJMNCCOS?JQPGQCMTCPPSL)LRFGQA?QCPGQCAF?LECGLNMQGRGML
?LBPSLAF?LECGLRGKCQMRF?R

slope = Δx = v- .
Δt
3GLACRFCQJMNCGQAMLQR?LRFCPC?LWRUMNMGLRQMLRFCEP?NFA?L@CSQCBRMDGLBRFCQJMNC'CLCP?JJWQNC?IGLEGRGQKMQR
?AASP?RCRMSQCRUMUGBCJWQCN?P?RCBNMGLRQMLRFCQRP?GEFRJGLC4FGQGQ@CA?SQC?LWCPPMPGLPC?BGLEB?R?DPMKRFCEP?NFGQ
NPMNMPRGML?JJWQK?JJCPGDRFCGLRCPT?JGQJ?PECP
-DAJI>DC
#FMMQCRUMNMGLRQMLRFCJGLC)LRFGQA?QCUCAFMMQCRFCNMGLRQJ?@CJCBMLRFCEP?NFQK ?LBQ
K .MRCFMUCTCPRF?RWMSAMSJBAFMMQC?LWRUMNMGLRQ
3S@QRGRSRCRFC x ?LB t T?JSCQMDRFCAFMQCLNMGLRQGLRMRFCCOS?RGML2CKCK@CPGLA?JASJ?RGLEAF?LEC (Δ) UC?JU?WQ
SQCDGL?JT?JSCKGLSQGLGRG?JT?JSC

v- = Δx = 2000 m − 525 m ,
Δt 6.4 s − 0.50 s
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
WGCJBGLE
v- = 250 m/s.
>H8JHH>DC
4FGQGQ?LGKNPCQQGTCJWJ?PECJ?LBQNCCBIKFMP?@MSRKGF KSAFEPC?RCPRF?LRFCRWNGA?JFGEFU?WQNCCBJGKGRMD
KGFKQMPIKF @SRAMLQGBCP?@JWQFWMDRFCPCAMPBMDKQIKFMPKGF QCRGL
'P?NFQMD-MRGMLUFCL a GQAMLQR?LR@SR a ≠ 0
4FCEP?NFQGL ><JG: @CJMUPCNPCQCLRRFCKMRGMLMDRFCHCR NMUCPCBA?P?QGR?AACJCP?RCQRMU?PBGRQRMNQNCCB@SRMLJW
BSPGLERFCRGKCUFCLGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQAMLQR?LR4GKCQR?PRQ?RXCPMDMPRFGQKMRGML?QGDKC?QSPCBUGRF?QRMNU?RAF ?LBRFC
NMQGRGML?LBTCJMAGRW?PCGLGRG?JJWK?LBKQPCQNCARGTCJW
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: 'P?NFQMDKMRGMLMD?HCR NMUCPCBA?PBSPGLERFCRGKCQN?LUFCLGRQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQAMLQR?LR? 4FCQJMNCMD?L x TQ t EP?NFGQ

TCJMAGRW4FGQGQQFMUL?RRUMNMGLRQ?LBRFCGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRGCQM@R?GLCB?PCNJMRRCBGLRFCLCVREP?NF)LQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW?R?LWNMGLRGQRFC
QJMNCMDRFCR?LECLR?RRF?RNMGLR@ 4FCQJMNCMDRFC v TQ t EP?NFGQAMLQR?LRDMPRFGQN?PRMDRFCKMRGMLGLBGA?RGLEAMLQR?LR?AACJCP?RGMLA
!AACJCP?RGMLF?QRFCAMLQR?LRT?JSCMD 5.0 m/s 2 MTCPRFCRGKCGLRCPT?JNJMRRCB
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
><JG: !53!GP&MPACHCRA?PQNCCBQBMUL?RP?AIAPCBGR-?RR4PMQRJC&JGAIP
4FCEP?NFMDNMQGRGMLTCPQSQRGKCGL ><JG:? GQ?ASPTCP?RFCPRF?L?QRP?GEFRJGLC4FCQJMNCMDRFCASPTC@CAMKCQQRCCNCP

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RFCGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW?RRF?RNMGLR)RGQDMSLB@WBP?UGLE?QRP?GEFRJGLCR?LECLRRMRFCASPTC?RRFCNMGLRMDGLRCPCQR?LB
R?IGLERFCQJMNCMDRFGQQRP?GEFRJGLC4?LECLRJGLCQ?PCQFMULDMPRUMNMGLRQGL ><JG:? )DRFGQGQBMLC?RCTCPWNMGLRMLRFC
ASPTC?LBRFCT?JSCQ?PCNJMRRCB?E?GLQRRGKCRFCLRFCEP?NFMDTCJMAGRWTCPQSQRGKCQFMULGL ><JG:@ GQM@R?GLCB
&SPRFCPKMPCRFCQJMNCMDRFCEP?NFMDTCJMAGRWTCPQSQRGKCGQ?AACJCP?RGMLUFGAFGQQFMULGL ><JG:A
M6BEA: :I:GB>C>C<#CHI6CI6C:DJH0:AD8>IN;GDBI=:-ADE:6I6*D>CI$:I6G
#?JASJ?RCRFCTCJMAGRWMDRFCHCRA?P?R?RGKCMDQ@WDGLBGLERFCQJMNCMDRFC x TQ t EP?NFGLRFCEP?NF@CJMU
><JG: 4FCQJMNCMD?L x TQ t EP?NFGQTCJMAGRW4FGQGQQFMUL?RRUMNMGLRQ)LQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW?R?LWNMGLRGQRFCQJMNCMDRFCR?LECLR

?RRF?RNMGLR
-IG6I:<N
4FCQJMNCMD?ASPTC?R?NMGLRGQCOS?JRMRFCQJMNCMD?QRP?GEFRJGLCR?LECLRRMRFCASPTC?RRF?RNMGLR4FGQNPGLAGNJCGQ
GJJSQRP?RCBGL ><JG:UFCPC1GQRFCNMGLR?R t = 25 s
-DAJI>DC
&GLBRFCR?LECLRJGLCRMRFCASPTC?R t = 25 s
$CRCPKGLCRFCCLBNMGLRQMDRFCR?LECLR4FCQCAMPPCQNMLBRM?NMQGRGMLMDK?RRGKCQ?LB?NMQGRGMLMDK
?RRGKCQ
0JSERFCQCCLBNMGLRQGLRMRFCCOS?RGMLRMQMJTCDMPRFCQJMNC v
Δx Q (3120 m − 1300 m)
slope = v Q = =
Δt Q (32 s − 19 s)
4FSQ

v Q = 1820 m = 140 m/s.
13 s
>H8JHH>DC
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
4FGQGQRFCT?JSCEGTCLGLRFGQDGESPCwQR?@JCDMP v ?R t = 25 s 4FCT?JSCMDKQDMP v Q GQNJMRRCBGL ><JG:4FC

CLRGPCEP?NFMD v TQ t A?L@CM@R?GLCBGLRFGQD?QFGML
#?PPWGLERFGQMLCQRCNDSPRFCPUCLMRCRF?RRFCQJMNCMD?TCJMAGRWTCPQSQRGKCEP?NFGQ?AACJCP?RGML3JMNCGQPGQCBGTGBCB@WPSL
ML? v TQ t EP?NFPGQCAF?LECGLTCJMAGRW Δv ?LBPSLAF?LECGLRGKC Δt
4FC3JMNCMD I TQ G
4FCQJMNCMD?EP?NFMDTCJMAGRW v TQRGKC t GQ?AACJCP?RGML a

slope = Δv = a
Δt
3GLACRFCTCJMAGRWTCPQSQRGKCEP?NFGL ><JG:@ GQ?QRP?GEFRJGLCGRQQJMNCGQRFCQ?KCCTCPWUFCPCGKNJWGLERF?R

?AACJCP?RGMLGQAMLQR?LR!AACJCP?RGMLTCPQSQRGKCGQEP?NFCBGL ><JG:A
!BBGRGML?JECLCP?JGLDMPK?RGMLA?L@CM@R?GLCBDPMK ><JG: ?LBRFCCVNPCQQGMLDMP?QRP?GEFRJGLC y = mx + b
)LRFGQA?QCRFCTCPRGA?J?VGQ y GQ V RFCGLRCPACNR b GQ v 0 RFCQJMNC m GQ a ?LBRFCFMPGXMLR?J?VGQ x GQ t 3S@QRGRSRGLE
RFCQCQWK@MJQWGCJBQ
v = v 0 + at.
!ECLCP?JPCJ?RGMLQFGNDMPTCJMAGRW?AACJCP?RGML?LBRGKCF?Q?E?GL@CCLM@R?GLCBDPMK?EP?NF.MRGACRF?RRFGQCOS?RGMLU?Q

?JQMBCPGTCB?JEC@P?GA?JJWDPMKMRFCPKMRGMLCOS?RGMLQGL 'DI>DCFJ6I>DCH;DGDCHI6CI88:A:G6I>DC>C)C:>B:CH>DC
)RGQLMR?AAGBCLR?JRF?RRFCQ?KCCOS?RGMLQ?PCM@R?GLCB@WEP?NFGA?J?L?JWQGQ?Q@W?JEC@P?GARCAFLGOSCQ)LD?AR?LGKNMPR?LR
U?WRM 7<F6BI8E NFWQGA?JPCJ?RGMLQFGNQGQRMKC?QSPCT?PGMSQNFWQGA?JOS?LRGRGCQ?LBRFCLK?ICEP?NFQMDMLCOS?LRGRW?E?GLQR
?LMRFCPRMQCCGDRFCW?PCAMPPCJ?RCBGL?LWU?W#MPPCJ?RGMLQGKNJWNFWQGA?JPCJ?RGMLQFGNQ?LBKGEFR@CQFMUL@WQKMMRFEP?NFQ
QSAF?QRFMQC?@MTC&PMKQSAFEP?NFQK?RFCK?RGA?JPCJ?RGMLQFGNQA?LQMKCRGKCQ@CNMQRSJ?RCB&SPRFCPCVNCPGKCLRQ?PCRFCL
NCPDMPKCBRMBCRCPKGLCRFCT?JGBGRWMDRFCFWNMRFCQGXCBPCJ?RGMLQFGNQ
'P?NFQMD-MRGML7FCPC!AACJCP?RGMLGQ.MR#MLQR?LR
.MUAMLQGBCPRFCKMRGMLMDRFCHCRA?P?QGREMCQDPMKKQRMGRQRMNTCJMAGRWMDKQEP?NFCBGL ><JG:4GKC?E?GL
QR?PRQ?RXCPM?LBRFCGLGRG?JNMQGRGML?LBTCJMAGRW?PCK?LBKQPCQNCARGTCJW4FCQCUCPCRFCDGL?JNMQGRGML?LB
TCJMAGRWMDRFCA?PGLRFCKMRGMLEP?NFCBGL ><JG: !AACJCP?RGMLEP?BS?JJWBCAPC?QCQDPMK 5.0 m/s 2 RMXCPMUFCLRFCA?P
FGRQKQ4FCQJMNCMDRFC x TQ t EP?NFGLAPC?QCQSLRGJ t = 55 s ?DRCPUFGAFRGKCRFCQJMNCGQAMLQR?LR3GKGJ?PJWTCJMAGRW
GLAPC?QCQSLRGJQ?LBRFCL@CAMKCQAMLQR?LRQGLAC?AACJCP?RGMLBCAPC?QCQRMXCPM?RQ?LBPCK?GLQXCPM?DRCPU?PB
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
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QJMNCMDRFGQEP?NFGQTCJMAGRWGRGQNJMRRCBGLRFCLCVREP?NF@ 4FCTCJMAGRWEP?BS?JJW?NNPM?AFCQGRQRMNT?JSC4FCQJMNCMDRFGQEP?NFGQ?AACJCP?RGML
GRGQNJMRRCBGLRFCDGL?JEP?NFA !AACJCP?RGMLEP?BS?JJWBCAJGLCQRMXCPMUFCLTCJMAGRW@CAMKCQAMLQR?LR
M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<88:A:G6I>DC;GDB6!G6E=D;0:AD8>INK:GHJH.>B:
#?JASJ?RCRFC?AACJCP?RGMLMDRFCHCRA?P?R?RGKCMDQ@WDGLBGLERFCQJMNCMDRFC v TQ t EP?NFGL ><JG:@
-IG6I:<N
4FCQJMNCMDRFCASPTC?R t = 25 s GQCOS?JRMRFCQJMNCMDRFCJGLCR?LECLR?RRF?RNMGLR?QGJJSQRP?RCBGL ><JG:@
-DAJI>DC
$CRCPKGLCCLBNMGLRQMDRFCR?LECLRJGLCDPMKRFCDGESPC?LBRFCLNJSERFCKGLRMRFCCOS?RGMLRMQMJTCDMPQJMNC a
(260 m/s − 210 m/s)
slope = Δv =
Δt (51 s − 1.0 s)
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ

a = 50 m/s = 1.0 m/s 2.
50 s
>H8JHH>DC
.MRCRF?RRFGQT?JSCDMP a GQAMLQGQRCLRUGRFRFCT?JSCNJMRRCBGL ><JG:A ?R t = 25 s
!EP?NFMDNMQGRGMLTCPQSQRGKCA?L@CSQCBRMECLCP?RC?EP?NFMDTCJMAGRWTCPQSQRGKC?LB?EP?NFMDTCJMAGRWTCPQSQRGKCA?L
@CSQCBRMECLCP?RC?EP?NFMD?AACJCP?RGMLTCPQSQRGKC7CBMRFGQ@WDGLBGLERFCQJMNCMDRFCEP?NFQ?RCTCPWNMGLR)DRFCEP?NF
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SQCBDMPMRFCPRMNGAQGLNFWQGAQ!LGKNMPR?LR?QNCARMDCVNJMPGLENFWQGA?JPCJ?RGMLQFGNQGQRMEP?NFRFCK?LBJMMIDMPSLBCPJWGLE
PCJ?RGMLQFGNQ
!EP?NFMDTCJMAGRWTQRGKCMD?QFGNAMKGLEGLRM?F?P@MPGQQFMUL@CJMU? $CQAPG@CRFCKMRGMLMDRFCQFGN@?QCBMLRFC
EP?NF@ 7F?RUMSJB?EP?NFMDRFCQFGNwQ?AACJCP?RGMLJMMIJGIC
><JG:
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BCAPC?QCQ)RK?GLR?GLQRFGQJMUCPBCACJCP?RGMLP?RCSLRGJGRQRMNQKMTGLE
@ !EP?NFMD?AACJCP?RGMLTQRGKCUMSJBQFMUXCPM?AACJCP?RGMLGLRFCDGPQRJCEJ?PEC?LBAMLQR?LRLCE?RGTC?AACJCP?RGMLGL
RFCQCAMLBJCE?LBAMLQR?LRLCE?RGTC?AACJCP?RGML
><JG:
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688:A:G6I>DC RFCP?RCMDAF?LECGLTCJMAGRWRFCAF?LECGLTCJMAGRWMTCPRGKC
688:A:G6I>DC9J:ID<G6K>IN ?AACJCP?RGMLMD?LM@HCAR?Q?PCQSJRMDEP?TGRW
6K:G6<:688:A:G6I>DC RFCAF?LECGLTCJMAGRWBGTGBCB@WRFCRGKCMTCPUFGAFGRAF?LECQ
6K:G6<:HE::9 BGQR?LACRP?TCJCBBGTGBCB@WRGKCBSPGLEUFGAFKMRGMLMAASPQ
6K:G6<:K:AD8>IN BGQNJ?ACKCLRBGTGBCB@WRGKCMTCPUFGAFBGQNJ?ACKCLRMAASPQ
9:8:A:G6I>DC ?AACJCP?RGMLGLRFCBGPCARGMLMNNMQGRCRMTCJMAGRW?AACJCP?RGMLRF?RPCQSJRQGL?BCAPC?QCGLTCJMAGRW
9:E:C9:CIK6G>67A: RFCT?PG?@JCRF?RGQ@CGLEKC?QSPCBSQS?JJWNJMRRCB?JMLERFC y ?VGQ
9>HEA68:B:CI RFCAF?LECGLNMQGRGMLMD?LM@HCAR
9>HI6C8: RFCK?ELGRSBCMDBGQNJ?ACKCLR@CRUCCLRUMNMQGRGMLQ
9>HI6C8:IG6K:A:9 RFCRMR?JJCLERFMDRFCN?RFRP?TCJCB@CRUCCLRUMNMQGRGMLQ
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
:A6EH:9I>B: RFCBGDDCPCLAC@CRUCCLRFCCLBGLERGKC?LB@CEGLLGLERGKC
;G::;6AA RFCQR?RCMDKMTCKCLRRF?RPCQSJRQDPMKEP?TGR?RGML?JDMPACMLJW
>C9:E:C9:CIK6G>67A: RFCT?PG?@JCRF?RRFCBCNCLBCLRT?PG?@JCGQKC?QSPCBUGRFPCQNCARRMSQS?JJWNJMRRCB?JMLERFC x ?VGQ
>CHI6CI6C:DJH688:A:G6I>DC ?AACJCP?RGML?R?QNCAGDGANMGLRGLRGKC
>CHI6CI6C:DJHHE::9 K?ELGRSBCMDRFCGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW
>CHI6CI6C:DJHK:AD8>IN TCJMAGRW?R?QNCAGDGAGLQR?LRMPRFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWMTCP?LGLDGLGRCQGK?JRGKCGLRCPT?J
@>C:B6I>8H RFCQRSBWMDKMRGMLUGRFMSRAMLQGBCPGLEGRQA?SQCQ
BD9:A QGKNJGDGCBBCQAPGNRGMLRF?RAMLR?GLQMLJWRFMQCCJCKCLRQLCACQQ?PWRMBCQAPG@CRFCNFWQGAQMD?NFWQGA?JQGRS?RGML
EDH>I>DC RFCJMA?RGMLMD?LM@HCAR?R?N?PRGASJ?PRGKC
H86A6G ?OS?LRGRWRF?RGQBCQAPG@CB@WK?ELGRSBC@SRLMRBGPCARGML
HADE: RFCBGDDCPCLACGL y T?JSCRFCPGQC BGTGBCB@WRFCBGDDCPCLACGL x T?JSCRFCPSL MDRUMNMGLRQML?QRP?GEFRJGLC
I>B: AF?LECMPRFCGLRCPT?JMTCPUFGAFAF?LECMAASPQ
K:8IDG ?OS?LRGRWRF?RGQBCQAPG@CB@W@MRFK?ELGRSBC?LBBGPCARGML
N>CI:G8:EI RFC y- T?JSCUFCL x MPUFCLRFCEP?NFAPMQQCQRFC y ?VGQ
-:8I>DC-JBB6GN
>HEA68:B:CI
z +GLCK?RGAQGQRFCQRSBWMDKMRGMLUGRFMSRAMLQGBCPGLEGRQA?SQCQ)LRFGQAF?NRCPGRGQJGKGRCBRMKMRGML?JMLE?QRP?GEFRJGLC
A?JJCBMLC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGML
z $GQNJ?ACKCLRGQRFCAF?LECGLNMQGRGMLMD?LM@HCAR
z )LQWK@MJQBGQNJ?ACKCLR Δx GQBCDGLCBRM@C
Δx = x f − x 0,
UFCPCx 0 GQRFCGLGRG?JNMQGRGML?LB x f GQRFCDGL?JNMQGRGML)LRFGQRCVRRFC'PCCIJCRRCP Δ BCJR? ?JU?WQKC?LQxAF?LEC
GLyUF?RCTCPOS?LRGRWDMJJMUQGR4FC3)SLGRDMPBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQRFCKCRCPK $GQNJ?ACKCLRF?Q?BGPCARGML?QUCJJ?Q?
K?ELGRSBC
z 7FCLWMSQR?PR?NPM@JCK?QQGELUFGAFBGPCARGMLUGJJ@CNMQGRGTC
z $GQR?LACGQRFCK?ELGRSBCMDBGQNJ?ACKCLR@CRUCCLRUMNMQGRGMLQ
z $GQR?LACRP?TCJCBGQRFCRMR?JJCLERFMDRFCN?RFRP?TCJCB@CRUCCLRUMNMQGRGMLQ
0:8IDGH
-86A6GH
6C9DDG9>C6I:-NHI:BH
z !TCARMPGQ?LWOS?LRGRWRF?RF?QK?ELGRSBC?LBBGPCARGML
z !QA?J?PGQ?LWOS?LRGRWRF?RF?QK?ELGRSBC@SRLMBGPCARGML
z $GQNJ?ACKCLR?LBTCJMAGRW?PCTCARMPQUFCPC?QBGQR?LAC?LBQNCCB?PCQA?J?PQ
z )LMLC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGMLBGPCARGMLGQQNCAGDGCB@W?NJSQMPKGLSQQGELRMQGELGDWJCDRMPPGEFRSNMPBMUL?LBRFCJGIC
.>B:
0:AD8>IN
6C9-E::9
z 4GKCGQKC?QSPCBGLRCPKQMDAF?LEC?LBGRQ3)SLGRGQRFCQCAMLBQ %J?NQCBRGKCDMP?LCTCLRGQ
Δt = t f − t 0,
UFCPC t f GQRFCDGL?JRGKC?LB t 0 GQRFCGLGRG?JRGKC4FCGLGRG?JRGKCGQMDRCLR?ICLRM@CXCPM?QGDKC?QSPCBUGRF?
QRMNU?RAFRFCCJ?NQCBRGKCGQRFCLHSQR t
z !TCP?ECTCJMAGRW v- GQBCDGLCB?QBGQNJ?ACKCLRBGTGBCB@WRFCRP?TCJRGKC)LQWK@MJQ?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWGQ
x −x
v- = Δx = t f − t 0 .
Δt f 0
z 4FC3)SLGRDMPTCJMAGRWGQKQ
z 6CJMAGRWGQ?TCARMP?LBRFSQF?Q?BGPCARGML
z )LQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW v GQRFCTCJMAGRW?R?QNCAGDGAGLQR?LRMPRFC?TCP?ECTCJMAGRWDMP?LGLDGLGRCQGK?JGLRCPT?J
z )LQR?LR?LCMSQQNCCBGQRFCK?ELGRSBCMDRFCGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW
z )LQR?LR?LCMSQQNCCBGQ?QA?J?POS?LRGRW?QGRF?QLMBGPCARGMLQNCAGDGCB
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
z !TCP?ECQNCCBGQRFCRMR?JBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBBGTGBCB@WRFCCJ?NQCBRGKC!TCP?ECQNCCBGQ ABG RFCK?ELGRSBCMDRFC

?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW 3NCCBGQ?QA?J?POS?LRGRWGRF?QLMBGPCARGML?QQMAG?RCBUGRFGR
88:A:G6I>DC
z !AACJCP?RGMLGQRFCP?RC?RUFGAFTCJMAGRWAF?LECQ)LQWK@MJQ 6K:G6<:688:A:G6I>DC a- GQ
v −v
a- = Δv = t f − t 0 .
Δt f 0
z 4FC3)SLGRDMP?AACJCP?RGMLGQ m/s 2
z !AACJCP?RGMLGQ?TCARMP?LBRFSQF?Q?@MRF?K?ELGRSBC?LBBGPCARGML
z !AACJCP?RGMLA?L@CA?SQCB@WCGRFCP?AF?LECGLRFCK?ELGRSBCMPRFCBGPCARGMLMDRFCTCJMAGRW
z )LQR?LR?LCMSQ?AACJCP?RGML a GQRFC?AACJCP?RGML?R?QNCAGDGAGLQR?LRGLRGKC
z $CACJCP?RGMLGQ?L?AACJCP?RGMLUGRF?BGPCARGMLMNNMQGRCRMRF?RMDRFCTCJMAGRW
-
z 4MQGKNJGDWA?JASJ?RGMLQUCR?IC?AACJCP?RGMLRM@CAMLQR?LRQMRF?R a = a ?R?JJRGKCQ
z 7C?JQMR?ICGLGRG?JRGKCRM@CXCPM
z )LGRG?JNMQGRGML?LBTCJMAGRW?PCEGTCL?QS@QAPGNRDGL?JT?JSCQF?TCLMQS@QAPGNR4FSQ
Δt = t ⎫
Δx = x − x 0⎬
Δv = v − v 0 ⎭
z 4FCDMJJMUGLEIGLCK?RGACOS?RGMLQDMPKMRGMLUGRFAMLQR?LR a ?PCSQCDSJ
x = x + v- t 0
v +v
v- = 0
2
v = v 0 + at
x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2
2
v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0)
z )LTCPRGA?JKMRGML y GQQS@QRGRSRCBDMP x

z +;8F<K54F<6CEB5?8@FB?I<A:FG8CF9BEC;LF<6F4E8
*G8C%V?KGLCRFCQGRS?RGMLRMBCRCPKGLCUFGAFNFWQGA?JNPGLAGNJCQ?PCGLTMJTCB
*G8C-?IC?JGQRMDUF?RGQEGTCLMPA?L@CGLDCPPCBDPMKRFCNPM@JCK?QQR?RCBGBCLRGDWRFCILMULQ
*G8C )BCLRGDWCV?ARJWUF?RLCCBQRM@CBCRCPKGLCBGLRFCNPM@JCKGBCLRGDWRFCSLILMULQ
*G8C&GLB?LCOS?RGMLMPQCRMDCOS?RGMLQRF?RA?LFCJNWMSQMJTCRFCNPM@JCK
*G8C3S@QRGRSRCRFCILMULQ?JMLEUGRFRFCGPSLGRQGLRMRFC?NNPMNPG?RCCOS?RGML?LBM@R?GLLSKCPGA?JQMJSRGMLQAMKNJCRC
UGRFSLGRQ
*G8C#FCAIRFC?LQUCPRMQCCGDGRGQPC?QML?@JC$MCQGRK?ICQCLQC
6AA>C<)7?:8IH
z !LM@HCARGLDPCC D?JJCVNCPGCLACQAMLQR?LR?AACJCP?RGMLGD?GPPCQGQR?LACGQLCEJGEG@JC
z /L%?PRF?JJDPCC D?JJGLEM@HCARQF?TC?L?AACJCP?RGMLBSCRMEP?TGRW g UFGAF?TCP?ECQ
g = 9.80 m/s 2.
z 7FCRFCPRFC?AACJCP?RGML 4 QFMSJB@CR?ICL?Q +g MP −g GQBCRCPKGLCB@WWMSPAFMGACMDAMMPBGL?RCQWQRCK)DWMS
AFMMQCRFCSNU?PBBGPCARGML?QNMQGRGTC a = −g = −9.80 m/s 2 GQLCE?RGTC)LRFCMNNMQGRCA?QC

a = +g = 9.80 m/s 2 GQNMQGRGTC3GLAC?AACJCP?RGMLGQAMLQR?LRRFCIGLCK?RGACOS?RGMLQ?@MTCA?L@C?NNJGCBUGRFRFC
?NNPMNPG?RC +g MP −g QS@QRGRSRCBDMP a
z &MPM@HCARQGLDPCC D?JJSNGQLMPK?JJWR?ICL?QNMQGRGTCDMPBGQNJ?ACKCLRTCJMAGRW?LB?AACJCP?RGML
#F?NRCPY+GLCK?RGAQ
z 'P?NFQMDKMRGMLA?L@CSQCBRM?L?JWXCKMRGML
z 'P?NFGA?JQMJSRGMLQWGCJBGBCLRGA?JQMJSRGMLQRMK?RFCK?RGA?JKCRFMBQDMPBCPGTGLEKMRGMLCOS?RGMLQ
z 4FCQJMNCMD?EP?NFMDBGQNJ?ACKCLR x TQRGKC t GQTCJMAGRW v
z 4FCQJMNCMD?EP?NFMDTCJMAGRW v TQRGKC t EP?NFGQ?AACJCP?RGML a
z !TCP?ECTCJMAGRWGLQR?LR?LCMSQTCJMAGRW?LB?AACJCP?RGMLA?L?JJ@CM@R?GLCB@W?L?JWXGLEEP?NFQ
DC8:EIJ6A+J:HI>DCH
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'GTC?LCV?KNJCGLUFGAFRFCPC?PCAJC?PBGQRGLARGMLQ?KMLEBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBBGQNJ?ACKCLR?LBK?ELGRSBCMDBGQNJ?ACKCLR
3NCAGDGA?JJWGBCLRGDWC?AFOS?LRGRWGLWMSPCV?KNJC
5LBCPUF?RAGPASKQR?LACQBMCQBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBCOS?JK?ELGRSBCMDBGQNJ?ACKCLR7F?RGQRFCMLJWA?QCGLUFGAF
K?ELGRSBCMDBGQNJ?ACKCLR?LBBGQNJ?ACKCLR?PCCV?ARJWRFCQ?KC
"?ARCPG?KMTC@?AI?LBDMPRF@WSQGLERFCGPDJ?ECJJ?QRPSARSPCQRF?RJMMIJGICJGRRJCR?GJQ 3NCCBQMDSNRM
50 μm/s ⎛⎝50×10 −6 m/s⎞⎠ F?TC@CCLM@QCPTCB4FCRMR?JBGQR?LACRP?TCJCB@W?@?ARCPGSKGQJ?PECDMPGRQQGXCUFGJCGRQ
BGQNJ?ACKCLRGQQK?JJ7FWGQRFGQ
0:8IDGH
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Chap 02 Kinematics

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><JG:  ? 4FGQA?PGQQNCCBGLESN?QGRKMTCQRMU?PBRFCPGEFR)RRFCPCDMPCF?QNMQGRGTC?AACJCP?RGMLGLMSPAMMPBGL?RCQWQRCK@ 4FGQA?PGQ

><JG:  APCBGR*ML3SJJGT?L 0$0FMRMMPE

7CA?LQMJTCRFGQNPM@JCK@WGBCLRGDWGLE Δv ?LB Δt DPMKRFCEGTCLGLDMPK?RGML?LBRFCLA?JASJ?RGLERFC?TCP?EC

4FCLCE?RGTCQGELDMP?AACJCP?RGMLGLBGA?RCQRF?R?AACJCP?RGMLGQRMU?PBRFCUCQR!L?AACJCP?RGMLMD 8.33 m/s 2 BSCUCQR

?TCP?ECGLRFGQA?QC?@MSR 1.8 m/s 2 )L ><JG: @ RFC?AACJCP?RGMLT?PGCQBP?QRGA?JJWMTCPRGKC)LQSAFQGRS?RGMLQGRGQ

><JG:  'P?NFQMDGLQR?LR?LCMSQ?AACJCP?RGMLTCPQSQRGKCDMPRUMBGDDCPCLRMLC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGMLQ? (CPC?AACJCP?RGMLT?PGCQMLJWQJGEFRJW?LB

4FCLCVRQCTCP?JCV?KNJCQAMLQGBCPRFCKMRGMLMDRFCQS@U?WRP?GLQFMULGL ><JG: )L? RFCQFSRRJCKMTCQRMRFCPGEFR

><JG:  /LC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGMLMD?QS@U?WRP?GLAMLQGBCPCBGL M6BEA:  M6BEA:  M6BEA:  M6BEA:  M6BEA:  ?LB

0JSEGLRFCILMULQ Δv ?LB Δt ?LBQMJTCDMP a- 

4FCEP?NFQMDNMQGRGML TCJMAGRW ?LB?AACJCP?RGMLTQRGKCDMPRFCRP?GLQGL M6BEA:  ?LB M6BEA:  ?PCBGQNJ?WCBGL ><JG:

><JG:  ? 0MQGRGMLMDRFCRP?GLMTCPRGKC.MRGACRF?RRFCRP?GLwQNMQGRGMLAF?LECQQJMUJW?RRFC@CEGLLGLEMDRFCHMSPLCW RFCLKMPC?LBKMPC

><JG:  +GLCK?RGACOS?RGMLQA?LFCJNSQBCQAPG@C?LBNPCBGARRFCKMRGMLMDKMTGLEM@HCARQQSAF?QRFCQCI?W?IQP?AGLEGL.CU@SPW %LEJ?LB

7CKGEFRILMURF?RRFCEPC?RCPRFC?AACJCP?RGMLMD Q?W ?A?PKMTGLE?U?WDPMK?QRMNQGEL RFCEPC?RCPRFCBGQNJ?ACKCLRGL?

<A<G<4?CBF<G<BA ?LB v 0 <FG;8<A<G<4?I8?B6<GL7CNSRLMQS@QAPGNRQMLRFCDGL?JT?JSCQ4F?RGQ t <FG;89<A4?G<@8 x <FG;89<A4?

3MJTGLEDMP$GQNJ?ACKCLR Δx ?LB&GL?J0MQGRGML x DPMK!TCP?EC6CJMAGRWUFCL!AACJCP?RGML a GQ#MLQR?LR

M6BEA:  6A8JA6I>C<>HEA68:B:CI"DL 6G9D:HI=:$D<<:G,JC

4MDGLB x UCGBCLRGDWRFCT?JSCQMD x 0 v- ?LB t DPMKRFCQR?RCKCLRMDRFCNPM@JCK?LBQS@QRGRSRCRFCKGLRMRFCCOS?RGML

4FCCOS?RGML x = x 0 + v- t EGTCQGLQGEFRGLRMRFCPCJ?RGMLQFGN@CRUCCLBGQNJ?ACKCLR ?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW ?LBRGKC)RQFMUQ DMP

><JG:  4FCPCGQ?JGLC?PPCJ?RGMLQFGN@CRUCCLBGQNJ?ACKCLR?LB?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW&MP?EGTCLRGKC t ?LM@HCARKMTGLERUGAC?QD?QR?Q?LMRFCP

M6BEA:  6A8JA6I>C< >C6A0:AD8>INC>GEA6C:-ADL>C<DLC6;I:G&6C9>C<

!L?GPNJ?LCJ?LBQUGRF?LGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWMDKQ?LBRFCLBCACJCP?RCQ?R 1.50 m/s 2 DMPQ7F?RGQGRQDGL?JTCJMAGRW

)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ v 0 = 70.0 m/s a = −1.50 m/s 2 t = 40.0 s 

v = v 0 + at = 70.0 m/s + ⎛⎝−1.50 m/s 2⎞⎠(40.0 s) = 10.0 m/s 

)L?BBGRGMLRM@CGLESQCDSJGLNPM@JCKQMJTGLE RFCCOS?RGML v = v 0 + at EGTCQSQGLQGEFRGLRMRFCPCJ?RGMLQFGNQ?KMLETCJMAGRW

><JG:  4FC3N?AC3FSRRJC A784IBE @J?QRQMDDDPMKRFC+CLLCBW3N?AC#CLRCPGL&C@PS?PWAPCBGR-?RRFCU3GK?LRMT &JGAIP

$P?EQRCPQA?L?AFGCTC?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGMLQMD 26.0 m/s 2 3SNNMQCQSAF?BP?EQRCP?AACJCP?RCQDPMKPCQR?RRFGQP?RCDMP

7C?PC?QICBRMDGLBBGQNJ?ACKCLR UFGAFGQ x GDUCR?IC x 0 RM@CXCPM4FGLI?@MSRGRJGICRFCQR?PRGLEJGLCMD?P?AC)RA?L

)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ3R?PRGLEDPMKPCQRKC?LQRF?R v 0 = 0 a GQEGTCL?Q 26.0 m/s 2 ?LB t GQEGTCL?QQ

z GD?AACJCP?RGMLGQXCPM RFCLRFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWCOS?JQ?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW v 0 = v- ?LB x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2 @CAMKCQ

M6BEA:  6A8JA6I>C< >C6A0:AD8>ING6<HI:GH

4FCCOS?RGML v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0) GQGBC?JJWQSGRCBRMRFGQR?QI@CA?SQCGRPCJ?RCQTCJMAGRGCQ ?AACJCP?RGML ?LB

v 2 = 0 + 2⎛⎝26.0 m/s 2⎞⎠(402 m). 

!LCV?KGL?RGMLMDRFCCOS?RGML v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0) A?LNPMBSACDSPRFCPGLQGEFRQGLRMRFCECLCP?JPCJ?RGMLQFGNQ?KMLE

#F?NRCPY+GLCK?

><JG: 4FCKMRGMLMD?L!KCPGA?LICQRPCJRFPMSEFRFC?GPA?L@CBCQAPG@CB@WRFC@GPBwQBGQNJ?ACKCLRQNCCBTCJMAGRW?LB?AACJCP?RGML7FCLGR

UFCPC Δx GQBGQNJ?ACKCLR x f GQRFCDGL?JNMQGRGML?LB x 0 GQRFCGLGRG?JNMQGRGML

)LRFGQRCVRRFCSNNCPA?QC'PCCIJCRRCP Δ BCJR? ?JU?WQKC?LQxAF?LECGLyUF?RCTCPOS?LRGRWDMJJMUQGRRFSQ Δx KC?LQ

.MRCRF?RRFC3)SLGRDMPBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQRFCKCRCPK QCC *=NH>86A+J6CI>I>:H6C9/C>IH @SRQMKCRGKCQIGJMKCRCPQKGJCQ

DCCR?LBMRFCPSLGRQMDJCLERF?PCSQCB+CCNGLKGLBRF?RUFCLSLGRQMRFCPRF?LRFCKCRCP?PCSQCBGL?NPM@JCKWMSK?WLCCB

><JG: !NPMDCQQMPN?ACQJCDR?LBPGEFRUFGJCJCARSPGLE(CPNMQGRGMLPCJ?RGTCRM%?PRFGQEGTCL@W x 4FC +2.0 m BGQNJ?ACKCLRMDRFCNPMDCQQMP

><JG: !N?QQCLECPKMTCQDPMKFGQQC?RRMRFC@?AIMDRFCNJ?LC(GQJMA?RGMLPCJ?RGTCRMRFC?GPNJ?LCGQEGTCL@W x 4FC −4.0-m BGQNJ?ACKCLR

)LRFGQAMMPBGL?RCQWQRCKKMRGMLRMRFCPGEFRGQNMQGRGTCUFCPC?QKMRGMLRMRFCJCDRGQLCE?RGTC3GKGJ?PJWRFC?GPNJ?LC

Δx = x f −x 0 = 2.0 m − 6.0 m = −4.0 m.

(GQBGQNJ?ACKCLRGQLCE?RGTC@CA?SQCFGQKMRGMLGQRMU?PBRFCPC?PMDRFCNJ?LCMPGLRFCLCE?RGTC x BGPCARGMLGLMSPAMMPBGL?RC

><JG: 4FCKMRGMLMDRFGQ%AJGNQC#MLACNRHCRA?L@CBCQAPG@CBGLRCPKQMDRFCBGQR?LACGRF?QRP?TCJCB?QA?J?POS?LRGRW MPGRQBGQNJ?ACKCLRGL?

><JG: )RGQSQS?JJWAMLTCLGCLRRMAMLQGBCPKMRGMLSNU?PBMPRMRFCPGEFR?QNMQGRGTC (+) ?LBKMRGMLBMULU?PBMPRMRFCJCDR?QLCE?RGTC (−)

><JG: 4FCKMRGMLMDRFCQCP?AGLEQL?GJQA?L@CBCQAPG@CB@WRFCGPQNCCBQ?LBRFCGPTCJMAGRGCQAPCBGRRM@GR?QDJGAIP&JGAIP

UFCPC Δt GQRFCAF?LECGLRGKCMPCJ?NQCBRGKC t f GQRFCRGKC?RRFCCLBMDRFCKMRGML?LB t 0 GQRFCRGKC?RRFC@CEGLLGLEMD

UFCPC v- GQRFC 4I8E4:8 GLBGA?RCB@WRFC@?PMTCPRFC v TCJMAGRW Δx GQRFCAF?LECGLNMQGRGMLMPBGQNJ?ACKCLR ?LB x f

><JG: !KMPCBCR?GJCBPCAMPBMD?L?GPNJ?LCN?QQCLECPFC?BGLERMU?PBRFC@?AIMDRFCNJ?LCQFMUGLEQK?JJCPQCEKCLRQMDFGQRPGN

><JG: $SPGLE? KGLSRCPMSLBRPGNRMRFCQRMPCRFCRMR?JBGQR?LACRP?TCJCBGQIK4FC?TCP?ECQNCCBGQIKF4FCBGQNJ?ACKCLRDMPRFC

><JG: 0MQGRGMLTQRGKCTCJMAGRWTQRGKC?LBQNCCBTQRGKCML?RPGN.MRCRF?RRFCTCJMAGRWDMPRFCPCRSPLRPGNGQLCE?RGTC

><JG: !NJ?LCBCACJCP?RCQMPQJMUQBMUL?QGRAMKCQGLDMPJ?LBGLEGL3R-??PRCL)RQ?AACJCP?RGMLGQMNNMQGRCGLBGPCARGMLRMGRQTCJMAGRWAPCBGR

UFCPC a- GQ?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGML v GQTCJMAGRW?LB t GQRGKC4FC@?PMTCPRFC a KC?LQ 4I8E4:8 ?AACJCP?RGML

"CA?SQC?AACJCP?RGMLGQTCJMAGRWGLKQBGTGBCB@WRGKCGLQRFC3)SLGRQDMP?AACJCP?RGML?PC m/s 2 KCRCPQNCPQCAMLBQOS?PCB

+CCNGLKGLBRF?R?JRFMSEF?AACJCP?RGMLGQGLRFCBGPCARGMLMDRFC 6;4A:8 GLTCJMAGRWGRGQLMR?JU?WQGLRFCBGPCARGMLMD @BG<BA

><JG: !QS@U?WRP?GLGL3?M0?SJM"P?XGJBCACJCP?RCQ?QGRAMKCQGLRM?QR?RGML)RGQ?AACJCP?RGLEGL?BGPCARGMLMNNMQGRCRMGRQBGPCARGMLMD

><JG: ? 4FGQA?PGQQNCCBGLESN?QGRKMTCQRMU?PBRFCPGEFR)RRFCPCDMPCF?QNMQGRGTC?AACJCP?RGMLGLMSPAMMPBGL?RCQWQRCK@ 4FGQA?PGQ

><JG: APCBGR*ML3SJJGT?L0$0FMRMMPE

4FCLCE?RGTCQGELDMP?AACJCP?RGMLGLBGA?RCQRF?R?AACJCP?RGMLGQRMU?PBRFCUCQR!L?AACJCP?RGMLMD 8.33 m/s 2 BSCUCQR

?TCP?ECGLRFGQA?QC?@MSR 1.8 m/s 2 )L ><JG:@ RFC?AACJCP?RGMLT?PGCQBP?QRGA?JJWMTCPRGKC)LQSAFQGRS?RGMLQGRGQ

><JG: 'P?NFQMDGLQR?LR?LCMSQ?AACJCP?RGMLTCPQSQRGKCDMPRUMBGDDCPCLRMLC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGMLQ? (CPC?AACJCP?RGMLT?PGCQMLJWQJGEFRJW?LB

4FCLCVRQCTCP?JCV?KNJCQAMLQGBCPRFCKMRGMLMDRFCQS@U?WRP?GLQFMULGL ><JG:)L? RFCQFSRRJCKMTCQRMRFCPGEFR

><JG: /LC BGKCLQGML?JKMRGMLMD?QS@U?WRP?GLAMLQGBCPCBGL M6BEA: M6BEA: M6BEA: M6BEA: M6BEA:?LB

0JSEGLRFCILMULQ Δv ?LB Δt ?LBQMJTCDMP a-

4FCEP?NFQMDNMQGRGMLTCJMAGRW?LB?AACJCP?RGMLTQRGKCDMPRFCRP?GLQGL M6BEA: ?LB M6BEA: ?PCBGQNJ?WCBGL ><JG:

><JG: ? 0MQGRGMLMDRFCRP?GLMTCPRGKC.MRGACRF?RRFCRP?GLwQNMQGRGMLAF?LECQQJMUJW?RRFC@CEGLLGLEMDRFCHMSPLCWRFCLKMPC?LBKMPC

><JG: +GLCK?RGACOS?RGMLQA?LFCJNSQBCQAPG@C?LBNPCBGARRFCKMRGMLMDKMTGLEM@HCARQQSAF?QRFCQCI?W?IQP?AGLEGL.CU@SPW%LEJ?LB

7CKGEFRILMURF?RRFCEPC?RCPRFC?AACJCP?RGMLMDQ?W?A?PKMTGLE?U?WDPMK?QRMNQGELRFCEPC?RCPRFCBGQNJ?ACKCLRGL?

<A<G<4?CBF<G<BA ?LB v 0 <FG;8<A<G<4?I8?B6<GL7CNSRLMQS@QAPGNRQMLRFCDGL?JT?JSCQ4F?RGQ t <FG;89<A4?G<@8 x <FG;89<A4?

3MJTGLEDMP$GQNJ?ACKCLR Δx ?LB&GL?J0MQGRGML x DPMK!TCP?EC6CJMAGRWUFCL!AACJCP?RGML a GQ#MLQR?LR

M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<>HEA68:B:CI"DL 6G9D:HI=:$D<<:G,JC

4MDGLB x UCGBCLRGDWRFCT?JSCQMD x 0 v- ?LB t DPMKRFCQR?RCKCLRMDRFCNPM@JCK?LBQS@QRGRSRCRFCKGLRMRFCCOS?RGML

4FCCOS?RGML x = x 0 + v- t EGTCQGLQGEFRGLRMRFCPCJ?RGMLQFGN@CRUCCLBGQNJ?ACKCLR?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW?LBRGKC)RQFMUQDMP

><JG: 4FCPCGQ?JGLC?PPCJ?RGMLQFGN@CRUCCLBGQNJ?ACKCLR?LB?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW&MP?EGTCLRGKC t ?LM@HCARKMTGLERUGAC?QD?QR?Q?LMRFCP

M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C< >C6A0:AD8>INC>GEA6C:-ADL>C<DLC6;I:G&6C9>C<

!L?GPNJ?LCJ?LBQUGRF?LGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWMDKQ?LBRFCLBCACJCP?RCQ?R 1.50 m/s 2 DMPQ7F?RGQGRQDGL?JTCJMAGRW

)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ v 0 = 70.0 m/s a = −1.50 m/s 2 t = 40.0 s

v = v 0 + at = 70.0 m/s + ⎛⎝−1.50 m/s 2⎞⎠(40.0 s) = 10.0 m/s

)L?BBGRGMLRM@CGLESQCDSJGLNPM@JCKQMJTGLERFCCOS?RGML v = v 0 + at EGTCQSQGLQGEFRGLRMRFCPCJ?RGMLQFGNQ?KMLETCJMAGRW

><JG: 4FC3N?AC3FSRRJC A784IBE @J?QRQMDDDPMKRFC+CLLCBW3N?AC#CLRCPGL&C@PS?PWAPCBGR-?RRFCU3GK?LRMT&JGAIP

$P?EQRCPQA?L?AFGCTC?TCP?EC?AACJCP?RGMLQMD 26.0 m/s 2 3SNNMQCQSAF?BP?EQRCP?AACJCP?RCQDPMKPCQR?RRFGQP?RCDMP

7C?PC?QICBRMDGLBBGQNJ?ACKCLRUFGAFGQ x GDUCR?IC x 0 RM@CXCPM4FGLI?@MSRGRJGICRFCQR?PRGLEJGLCMD?P?AC)RA?L

)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ3R?PRGLEDPMKPCQRKC?LQRF?R v 0 = 0 a GQEGTCL?Q 26.0 m/s 2 ?LB t GQEGTCL?QQ

z GD?AACJCP?RGMLGQXCPMRFCLRFCGLGRG?JTCJMAGRWCOS?JQ?TCP?ECTCJMAGRW v 0 = v- ?LB x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2 @CAMKCQ

M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C< >C6A0:AD8>ING6<HI:GH

4FCCOS?RGML v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0) GQGBC?JJWQSGRCBRMRFGQR?QI@CA?SQCGRPCJ?RCQTCJMAGRGCQ?AACJCP?RGML?LB

v 2 = 0 + 2⎛⎝26.0 m/s 2⎞⎠(402 m).

M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<>HEA68:B:CI"DL 6GD:H66G!D1=:CDB>C<ID6"6AI

/LBPWAMLAPCRC?A?PA?LBCACJCP?RC?R?P?RCMD 7.00 m/s 2 UFCPC?QMLUCRAMLAPCRCGRA?LBCACJCP?RC?RMLJW

)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ?LBUF?RUCU?LRRMQMJTCDMP7CILMURF?R v 0 = 30.0 m/s v = 0 a = −7.00 m/s 2 a GQ

v 2 = v 20 + 2a(x − x 0).

0 2 − (30.0 m/s) 2

4FGQN?PRA?L@CQMJTCBGLCV?ARJWRFCQ?KCK?LLCP?Q0?PR!4FCMLJWBGDDCPCLACGQRF?RRFCBCACJCP?RGMLGQ – 5.00 m/s 2

><JG: 4FCBGQR?LACLCACQQ?PWRMQRMN?A?PT?PGCQEPC?RJWBCNCLBGLEMLPM?BAMLBGRGMLQ?LBBPGTCPPC?ARGMLRGKC3FMULFCPC?PCRFC

7C?PC?QICBRMQMJTCDMPRFCRGKC t !Q@CDMPCUCGBCLRGDWRFCILMULOS?LRGRGCQGLMPBCPRMAFMMQC?AMLTCLGCLRNFWQGA?J

)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ?LBUF?RUCU?LRRMQMJTCDMP7CILMURF?R v 0 = 10 m/s a = 2.00 m/s 2 ?LB x = 200 m

7CLCCBRMQMJTCDMP t #FMMQCRFC@CQRCOS?RGML x = x 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2 UMPIQ@CQR@CA?SQCRFCMLJWSLILMULGLRFC

200 = 10t + t 2.

t 2 + 10t − 200 = 0

UFCPCRFCAMLQR?LRQ?PC a = 1.00, b = 10.0, and c = −200

)LRFGQA?QCRFCLRFCRGKCGQ t = t GLQCAMLBQMP

!PMAICR?AACJCP?RCQ?R?P?RCMD 20 m/s 2 BSPGLEJ?SLAF(MUJMLEBMCQGRR?ICRFCPMAICRRMPC?AF?TCJMAGRWMDKQ

*GD7A:B-DAK>C<6H>8H;DG)C:>B:CH>DC6A%>C:B6I>8H

><JG: 0PM@JCK QMJTGLEQIGJJQ?PCCQQCLRG?JRMWMSPQSAACQQGL0FWQGAQAPCBGRQASG?QRCTCM&JGAIP

0PM@JCK QMJTGLEQIGJJQ?PCM@TGMSQJWCQQCLRG?JRMQSAACQQGL?OS?LRGR?RGTCAMSPQCGLNFWQGAQ-MPCGKNMPR?LRJWRFC?@GJGRWRM?NNJW

v = v 0 + at = 0 + ⎛⎝0.40 m/s 2⎞⎠(100 s) = 40 m/s.

g = 9.80 m/s 2.

QWQRCK)DUCBCDGLCRFCSNU?PBBGPCARGML?QNMQGRGTCRFCL a = −g = −9.80 m/s 2 ?LBGDUCBCDGLCRFCBMULU?PBBGPCARGML?Q

M6BEA: 6A8JA6I>C<*DH>I>DC6C90:AD8>IND;6 6AA>C<)7?:8I,D8@.=GDLC/EL6G9

7C?PC?QICBRMBCRCPKGLCRFCNMQGRGML y ?RT?PGMSQRGKCQ)RGQPC?QML?@JCRMR?ICRFCGLGRG?JNMQGRGML y 0 RM@CXCPM4FGQ

)BCLRGDWRFCILMULQ7CILMURF?R y 0 = 0 v 0 = 13.0 m/s a = −g = −9.80 m/s 2 ?LB t = 1.00 s

)BCLRGDWRFC@CQRCOS?RGMLRMSQC7CUGJJSQC y = y 0 + v 0t + 1 at 2 @CA?SQCGRGLAJSBCQMLJWMLCSLILMUL y MP y 1