STUDT ON BEAM TO COLUMN

CONNECTIONS OF STEEL
FRAME STRUCTURES WITH
STEEL SLIT DAMPERS
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

• Submitted by –Yashvant Singh (2020013319)

• Submitted to – Er. Vinay Kumar Singh
 Beam to column connections

• Beam to column connections are the most common type of

member configuration, with the column acting as a supporting (or
parent) member, and the beam acting as the supported (or child)
member in an adjacent orientation.
• This is most critical part of the structure for the satisfactory
performance of the buildings, especially for the ones located in
seismic regions
 Types of dampers used in structure

1. Viscous Dampers
2. Viscoelastic Dampers
3. Friction Dampers
4. Tuned Mass Damper (TMD)
5. Yielding Dampers
6. Magnetic Damper
7. Slit damper
 What is slit damper
• During the Northridge and Kobe Earthquakes, many steel moment
resisting frames suffered damage at the beam-to-column connections. In
order to solve this problem, an innovative structural system with slit
dampers was developed in this study, which could not only provide
good seismic performance but could also be easily repaired after a
heavy earthquake.
• In the proposed structural system, a mechanical joint is adopted that is
equipped with a metallic damper as the beam-to-column connection. The
main feature of this system is that plastic deformation is limited to
the slit dampers at the bottom flange.
• The seismic performance of the proposed connection was verified
through cyclic tests of three full-scale steel structures that had slit
dampers and of one specimen that had a conventional welded moment
resisting frame.
• Test results indicated that the proposed connection showed an
excellent hysteretic behavior. In addition, the energy dissipation and
plastic deformation in this system were concentrated only at the slit
dampers, while the inelastic behavior of the beams and columns is
prevented through appropriate capacity design.
Details of beam column connection utilizing a slit damper
Why it is required for steel frame structure

• A slit steel damper system is developed to prevent the damage of standard

column and beam by at dissipating lateral load the beam to column
connection of steel frames. So that steel frame will not be damage
after a heavy earthquake and structure use again simply by replacing
the dampers at the connection sites.
• After damage of the damper it is very difficult to replace so during the
design process we apply concentrated earthquake on dampers. It is
manufactured initially with a lower strength then beam and column. So
by absorption of energy by damper we protect the beam and column from
damage.
• Damper is attached to the beam by bolting under the flange of beam
and it is very easily to replace the damper after an extensive earthquake.
 Material and methodology
• Slit dampers is manufactured intentionally with a lower strength than the
beams and columns. Through this, beams and columns are protected from
damage by utilizing the energy absorption capacity of the damper.
• In this connection system, the damper is attached to the beam by bolting a plate on
the damper under the flange of the beam. With the plate attached under the
damper and on the gusset plate (lower split-T) of the column, it is very easy to
replace the damper after an extensive earthquake.
• Also slit dampers with lower split-T of Oh et al. (2009) can be changed easily after
an earthquake, but in this study it is enough to change only the damper. And also
in the research reported in this study, unlike Oh et al. (2009), one damper instead
of two is used for narrow flanges. Both beam and column bolts that were used in
the connection were high strength bolts.
• While the top split-T element that connects the beam to the column from the
upper flange, the bottom split-T used in the lower flange transfers the deformation
to the damper. The split-T elements used in the connection were designed to
perform in the elastic range, hence concentrating the deformations on the damper.
By constricting the plastic deformation on the end dampers, it can be said that the
system forms a strong beamcolumn mechanism.
 Result
• In this study, where the use of dampers in the beam-column connections in steel
frame structures was investigated experimentally, by utilizing the solutions
using FEM (finite element analysis )and the formulations found in the literature
regarding the strength of dampers, analytical calculations of the test
specimens were performed.
• The purpose of this study is in order to prevent damage to the beam at the beam-
column connection by reaching its yield strength under reversible cyclic loading,
to reach the yield strength of the dampers and hence concentrating the damage
on dampers
• Damper yielded without any change on the beam and absorbed the
energy in a ductile manner in the case of a failure. Both slit damper systems,
which exhibit rigid behavior, have a higher rigidity ratio than the reference
specimen in the first cycle.
 Conclusion

• Slit dampers were investigated experimentally and analytically in order to

prevent damage to the steel structures during an earthquake and make them
serviceable immediately after the earthquake by simply replacing the
inexpensive, easily, and rapidly replaceable dampers.
• The stipulated slit damper system exhibited a stable hysterical behavior
under large story drifts. Rigidity ratios for the first cycle are both higher than
the traditional extended end plate system. This shows that the stipulated
system is a rigid system.
• The stipulated slit damper system was designed by taking into account the yield
strength of the beam and by this means, while the beam and column were in
the elastic range, the plastic deformations were concentrated in the damper,
and damage to the beam and column was prevented.

• Load values obtained using the formulations that were found in the literature
and FEM results complied with the experimental findings.
• Even though the traditional extended end plate specimen exhibited stable
hysterical behavior and a good plastic deformation capacity, the repair and
strengthening of the beam after a possible earthquake proves ineffective due to
local buckling in the beam.
• By using steel dampers in the beam-column connections of steel frames,
without sustaining any damage to either the beam or the column, loads and
moments were carried to the beam capacity
 Referencces
• Benavent-Climent, A., Oh, S. H., and Akiyama, H. (1998). “Ultimate energy
absorption capacity of slit-type steel plates subjected to shear deformations.” J.
Struct. Constr. Eng., 503(1), 139–145.
• Chan, R. W. K., and Albermani, F. (2008). “Experimental study of steel slit damper
for passive energy dissipation.” Eng. Struct., 30(4), 1058–1066.
• Chen, S.-J., and Chao, Y. C. (2001). “Effect of composite action on seismic
performance of steel moment connections with reduced beam sections.” J. Constr.
Steel Res., 57(4), 417–434.
• Clark, P. W., Aiken, I. D., Tajirian, F., Kasai, K., Ko, E., and Kimura, I. (1999).
“Design procedures for buildings incorporating hysteretic damping devices.”
Proc., Int. Post-SMiRT Conf. Seminar on Seismic Isolation: Passive Energy
Dissipation and Active Control of Vibrations of Structures, Cheju, South Korea,
355–371.
• Engelhardt, M. D., and Sabol, T. A. (1998). “Reinforcing of steel moment
connections with cover plates: Benefits and limitations.” Eng. Struct., 20(4–6),
510–520.
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2000). “Recommended
seismic evaluation and upgrade criteria for existing welded steel moment
frame buildings.” FEMA-351, Washington, DC.
• Kobori, T., et al. (1992). “Development and application of hysteresis steel
dampers.” Proc., World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Taylor and Francis,
London, 2341–2346
Thank u sir