ELLIPTICAL LUNCH TABLE WITH MECHANIZED

DUMB WAITER

A Project Report Submitted to

Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, Nagpur
in Partial fulfillment of VI semester of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by
Ashutosh Singh
Vaishnavi Kakkar

Under the Guidance of

Dr. T. A. Madankar

Department of Industrial Engineering

Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management
Nagpur, 440013
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur
University Nagpur)
2021-2022

1
ELLIPTICAL LUNCH TABLE WITH MECHANIZED
DUMB WAITER

A Project Report Submitted to

Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, Nagpur
in Partial fulfillment of VI semester of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by
Ashutosh Singh
Vaishnavi Kakkar

Under the Guidance of

Dr. T. A. Madankar

Department of Industrial Engineering

Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management
Nagpur, 440013
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur
University Nagpur)
2021-2022

2
 Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj
NagpurUniversity, Nagpur)

Department of Industrial Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Thesis on “ELLIPTICAL LUNCH TABLE WITH MECHANIZED DUMB
WAITER”, is a bonafide work of Ashutosh Singh,

Vaishnavi Kakkar submitted to the Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University,

Nagpur, in partial fulfilment of the award of a Bachelor of Engineering in Industrial
Engineering, has been carried out at the Department of Industrial Engineering of Shri
Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, during the academic
year 2021-22.

Date: 12/05/2022
Place: Nagpur

Dr. T.A Madankar Dr. R.S. Pande Dr. Mahendra Gupta

Project Guide Principal H.O.D.,
Department of Industrial Department of Industrial
Shri Ramdeobaba College of
Engineering Engineering Engineering
& Management, Nagpur.

3
 DECLARATION

We, hereby declare that the thesis titled “ELLIPTICAL LUNCH TABLE WITH MECHANIZE DUMB
WAITER” submitted here in for the partial fulfillment of VI semester in Industrial Engineering has

been carried out in the Department of Industrial Engineering of Shri Ramdeobaba College of
Engineering & Management, Nagpur. The work is original and has not been
submitted earlier as a whole or part the award of any degree / diploma at this
or any other institution / University.

Date: 12/05/2022
Place: Nagpur

Ashutosh Singh
Vaishnavi Kakkar

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

With immense pleasure and great respect, we take this as an opportunity to express deep
sense of gratitude to our project guide Dr. T. A. Madankar, Department of Industrial
Engineering, RCOEM, Nagpur, for his invaluable guidance, inspiration, constant
encouragement and motivation throughout the project work.
We also express our sincere gratitude towards Dr. Mahendra Gupta, Head of Department
of Industrial Engineering, RCOEM, Nagpur, for his invaluable guidance and motivation to do
this project works.
We are indebted to the faculty members of Department of Industrial Engineering,
RCOEM, Nagpur, for giving us valuable time and helping us to get through the difficulties
came across at each stage of project work.
We would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to Dr. Rajesh Pande,
Principal, RCOEM, Nagpur, for his cooperation and encouragement.
Last but not least, we are very much thankful to every person who directly
or indirectly supported us at every stage to bring this project towards successful completion.

Ashutosh Singh
Vaishnavi Kakkar

5
 ABSTRACT

Designed and developed by former Industrial Engineering students, the lunch table provides the
organization's 15-20 people with the opportunity to have their own Tiffin Box and share their food. A
round elevator is in the center of the table to store different dishes individually. By rotating the elevator,
you can bring the desired food within the reach of the end-user. It has been observed that the elevator
must be manually rotated each time to share the same dish with 15-20 people. This manual movement
by a person to chew the desired dish causes a lot of confusion when sharing the same dish or another
dish held by a quiet waiter. This leads to increased waiting time to chew the required dish and causes a
person to lose interest in testing different dishes. This Elevator manual rotation is now mechanized to
share all dishes Unified within the end-user. This additional feature has added value to the same thing
Lunch table design. Various mechanisms are considered. The evaluation is based on various parameters
such as cost, space, and noise. The mechanism was planned, and the system was designed and developed
accordingly, and successfully installed to realize the mechanization of the rotational movement of the
lunch table. It is being studied by manipulating it and examining its dissertation.
The following observations are as follows:
1. The elevator rotation mechanism (motor structure) is large, which can be reduced and compacted.
2. There is room for value creation. A feature like a food warmer can be added to the existing design of
the lunch table to keep the food warm till taking the lunch.
3. The developed product can be patented.

6
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE
PAGE
NO.
Certificate 3
Declaration 4
Acknowledgements 5
Abstract 6
Table of Contents 7
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Existing Design of Lunch Table 14
1.2 Advantages 14
1.3 Problem Identification and Problem Formulation 15
1.4 Scope of Work 15
1.5 Objectives 15
1.6 Plan of Work 16
2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Review of Different types of heating systems that are

available for food warming.

2.1.1 18
A Review on Ohmic Heating and Its Use in Food
2.1.2 19
Design and Analysis of Food Warmer

2.1.3 Mechanistic and Machine Learning Modelling of 20

Microwave Heating Process in Domestic Ovens.
2.1.4 Solar Food Warmers for Educational Centres in Costa Rica 21

2.2 Review of Different types of Research papers containing

Dining Tables.

7
 2.2.1 Ergonomic Compatibility for Metal dining table with 22
Economic Architecture Space.
2.2.2 The “Smart Dining Table”: Automatic Behavioural Tracking 24
of a Meal with a Multi-Touch-Computer

2.3 Mechanization of Rotatory Motion of Dumb Waiter of 25

Lunch Table.

3 EXISTING DESIGN OF LUNCH TABLE

3.1 History 28
3.1.1 Selection of Mechanism 28
3.1.2 Additional Rotary Mechanism in Absence of Electricity 28
a Alternative Mechanism 1: Pulley and Belt Drive 29
Mechanism
b Alternative Mechanism 2: Sprocket and Freewheel 29
Mechanism
3.1.3 Evaluation of Mechanism 31
3.1.4 Selection of Mechanism 31
3.2 31
Deciding the Speed of Dumbwaiter

3.2.1 Planning Experimentation for Speed of Dumb Waiter 31

1 Chewing Time 32
2 Pickup Time 32
3 Waiting Time 32
4 Stability of Lunch Box 32
3.2.2 Methodology 32
3.2.3 Observation and Result 32
1 Observation 32
2 Result for Speed of Dumb Waiter 33
3.2.4 Power for Rotating the Dumb Waiter 33

8
 1 Planning Experimentation 33
2 Experimental Setup 34
3 Estimation of Equivalent Weight on Dumb Waiter 34
3.2.5 Methodology 36
3.2.6 Observation 36
3.2.7 Power Calculation for Motor 37
3.3 Selection of Motor 38
3.3.1 Classification of Motor 38
3.3.2 Comparison and Evaluation for Selecting Motor 38
1 Evaluation of Various Types of Motors 38
2 Selection of Motor 41
3.4 Development of Rotary Mechanism 41
3.4.1 Part List 42
3.4.2 AutoCAD 2D Diagram of Various Components 42
3.4.3 Fabrication of Mechanism 44
3.4.4 Cost of Fabrication 47
3.4.5 Final Assembly 48
4 MODIFICATION IN EXISTING DESIGN OF LUNCH
TABLE

4.1 Selection of New Motor 50

4.1.1 Current Motor Specifications 50

4.1.2 New Motor 50
4.2 Modification of Rotary Mechanism 51
4.3 Selection and Installation of Food warmer 54
4.3.1 Installation of Food Warmer 55
4.4 Installation of Clap Switch 56
5 FILLING THE PATENT
5.1 Conceiving your Invention 58
5.2 Patent Search and Drafting 58

9
 5.3 Filing the Patent Application 58
5.4 Publication of the Application 59
5.4.1 Rule 24 of the Patent Rules 2003 59
5.4.2 Rule 24A 59
5.5 Request for Examination 59
5.6 Respond to Objections 60
5.7 Grant of Patent 60
6 RESULT AND CONCLUSION 62
7 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK 64
8 PATENT AND PROCESSING 64
9 REFERENCES 66

10
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure List of Figures Page

number Number
1 Convection Process 19
2 Solar Food Warmer 22
3 Metal Dining Table with Various Shapes 23
4 Experimental Setup 25
5 Top and Side Photos of the Elliptical Lunch Table 26
6 Beltdrive Mechanism for Free Rotation 29
7 Free Wheel 29
8 Sprocket and free-wheel mechanism 29
9 Ratchet and Pawl Mechanism 30
10 Experimental Setup 34
11 Layout of pots on Dumb Waiter 35
12 Conceptual Diagram for Torque Calculation 36
13 The Final Arrangement of Rotary Mechanism 41
14 Dumb waiter shaft and Freewheel shaft 42
15 Design of Shafts 42
16 Frame for Mounting the Mechanism 43
17 Top View of Assembly of Mechanism 43
18 Frame 44
19 Electric DC Motor 44
20 Worm Reduction Gearbox 45
21 Jaw Coupling 45
22 Muff Coupling 45
23 Pedestal Bearing 45
24 Shafts 46
25 Sprocket Fitted Over shaft 46
26 Sprocket with Freewheel 46
27 Chain 47
28 Base Plate 47
29 Actual Assembly 48
30 DC Motor 51
31 All the Different Components for the new Mechanism 52
32 Modified Rotary Mechanism 53
33 Food Warmer 54
34 Final Assembly After Warmer Installation 55
35 Clap Switch Circuit 56

11
 LIST OF TABLES

Table List of Tables Page

number Number
1 Evaluation of Rotary Mechanism in Absence of Electricity 31
2 Observations over various parameters for speed calculation 33
3 Observations of Various Trials for Pulling Force 36
4 Evaluation of Basic Types of Motors 39
5 Evaluation of AC Motors 39
6 Evaluation of DC Motors 40
7 Evaluation of Special Purpose Motors 40
8 Evaluation of Selected Motors for the Purpose 41
9 Part List 42
10 Cost of Fabrication 47

12
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

13
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Existing Design of Lunch Table

Lunch, short for breakfast, is a light meal usually eaten at noon. Over the course of the 20th century, the
meaning was gradually reduced to a small or medium meal taken at noon. Lunch is usually the second
meal of the day, after breakfast. Lunch is a linguistic moment where people (staff, students, etc.) get
together and share a different type of meal and their opinions regarding their area and there are random
discussions and more.

Designed and developed by former Industrial Engineering students, the lunch table provides the
organization's 15-20 people with the opportunity to have their own Tiffin Box and share their food. A
round elevator is in the center of the table to store different dishes individually. By rotating the elevator,
you can bring the desired food within the reach of the end user. It was observed that the elevator must be
manually rotated each time to share the same dish with 15-20 people. This manual movement by a
person to chew the desired dish causes a lot of confusion when sharing the same dish or another dish
held by a dumb waiter. This leads to increased waiting time to chew the required dish and causes a
person to lose interest in testing different dishes. This Elevator manual rotation is now mechanized to
share all dishes Unified within the end user. This additional feature has added value to the same thing
Lunch table design. Various mechanisms are considered to accomplish the desired dumbwaiter of lunch
table. The evaluation is based on various parameters such as cost, space, and noise. The mechanism was
planned, and the system was designed and developed accordingly, and successfully installed to realize
the mechanization of the rotational movement of the lunch table. It was all done by mechanization of
rotatory motion of the dumbwaiter.

1.2 Advantages
1. The circular continuous motion with speed of rotation 2 RPM is experimentally obtained
based on chewing time, pickup time and waiting time and found suitable.
2. Due to mechanized systematic motion, convenience in sharing the dishes is observed through
testing and feedback of end users.
3. The developed mechanism of dumbwaiter of lunch table can be used for serving the side dishes.
4. Automation is incredibly useful. This automation will provide comfort to end users.

14
1.3 Problem Identification and Problem Formulation:
The lunch table designed and developed by the previous batch of Industrial Engineering of RCOEM,
Nagpur, is studied by operating it and refereeing its thesis. The following observations are as follows: -

1. The dumb waiter rotating mechanism (motor setup) is large which can be made compact to save
material and energy.
2. There is scope of value addition. A feature like food warmer can be added to the existing design
of the lunch table to keep the food warm till lunch.
3. The patent of innovative table can be filed.

1.4 Scope of work

The scope of work is as under:
1. Study of several types of lunch tables having rotating mechanisms for serving food.
2. Study for suitable food heating/warming system that can be used for heating the food.
3. To optimize the existing motor mechanism used for rotating dumbwaiter.
4. AutoCAD drawing would be used for drawing the system and development of mechanism.

1.5 Objective
The specific objectives of work are as under:

1. To make the dumb waiter rotating mechanism more compact to reduce the space requirement.
2. To reduce the installation cost of dumb waiter rotating mechanism.
3. To provide maintenance free dumb waiter rotating mechanism.
4. To add a new feature i.e. food warmer to increase the utility of developed lunch table.
5. To file the patent of innovative lunch table.

15
1.6 Plan of work
 Introduction
 Review of Literature
 Existing Design of Lunch Table
 Modification in Existing Design
 Filing the patent
 Testing
 Results and Conclusion
 Future work
 Reference

16
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

17
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature review is carried out for witnessing the several types of food warming systems and
technologies available that can be used to make the Food Warm. We have also reviewed some papers
containing the dining table to get innovative ideas. The literature survey is classified, as given below:
1. Review of Different types of heating systems that are available for food warming.
2. Review of Different types of Research papers containing Dining Tables.
3. Review of the Currently Designed Lunch Table.
4.

2.1.1 A Review on Ohmic Heating and Its Use in Food

Ohmic heating, called Joule heating, will manufacture heat by flowing current through materials that
will resist the flow of electricity. The meter properties ensuing from resistance unit heating cause heat to
unfold equally on the fabric. This technique is best for foods containing suspended material in media
containing weak salt. The advantage of resistance unit heating in food is incontestable by its ability to
deactivate morbific microbes forestall the decline in practical properties of food organic process and
sensory values so food time will increase. However, viscosity, electrical conduction, and fouling
deposits square measure the restrictions of resistance unit heating. additionally, to the inhibition of the
microbes and accelerator activity, resistance unit heat was conjointly wont to extract essential
compounds, as well as numerous specific processes like starch gelatinization. This review discusses
resistance unit heating, the principles and style of resistance unit heating, the factors that influence it,
and its use in food. The resistance unit is another technique of heating, that uses electrodes to convert
electrical energy into heat. The conductor is directly to bear with the heated material. The resistance unit
heating method permits for the next quality of the tip product, quicker change of state time, and
economical energy use. The electrical conduction of the heating material is one in every one of the
factors that verify the effectiveness of the resistance unit utility. resistance unit heat from materials with
electrical conduction of between zero. 01 and ten S/m are often effectively and efficiently generated.
there's already intensive use of resistance unit heating potential within the food sector. resistance unit
heat is most generally employed in foods, as well as the inactivation of pathogens and enzymes and also
the removal of compounds in food.

18
2.1.2 Design and Analysis of Food Warmer
In this task, an arrangement of water radiator/food hotter has been planned and created utilizing the
guideline of waste hotness recuperation. The hot energy is expected to warm food water is separated
from the hotness in the motor coolant which if not will be dismissed to the climate by the radiator and a
sun-based water warmer flows the warm water to keep up with the warm temperature of the stove.
Coolant from the motor coat flows in the radiator in car motors. In this undertaking, a branch line is
added to the coolant circuit. This branch line sidesteps a few measures of coolant and feeds to the
radiator chamber. The radiator chamber is a multiplied walled holder. Coolant is taken care of to the
coat of the radiator chamber. The warm water from the sun-powered water radiator is passed into the
stove to keep up with the warm temperature of the food. The food material, fluid or strong water is kept
in the chamber. Heat is moved from the coolant/warm water coursed in the coat of the radiator chamber
to the food material. Water was taken for testing food hotter and was found to be successful. The
greatest hotness move temperature from coolant/warm water was seen as 85oC/50oC. The internal and
external divider temperature of the warmer chamber was seen as the same for both hypothetical and
pragmatic cases. Helpful extra in vehicles, User agreeable adornment, Uses the hotness present in the
hot coolant for warming interaction, no harm to the motor, no outer power supplies the squandered
hotness from the motor is changed over into different valuable structures. Numerous developments in
view of motor hotness recuperation and motor hotness use are yet under genuine examination in many
car areas. Our paper goes under the classification of one such examination. Various extras are being
designed each day. Accordingly, the Heater Chamber that we have tested can turn into a helpful
adornment in vehicles, for example, vehicles, transports, Lorries and so forth… This can make another
transformation throughout the entire existence of motor hotness use frameworks sooner rather than later.

Fig 2.1 Convection Process

19
2.1.3 Mechanistic and Machine Learning Modelling of Microwave Heating Process in Domestic
Ovens.
To address the non-uniform warming issue in the homegrown microwave warming cycle, broad
unthinking, AI, and a half and half displaying works have been finished. In this paper, various sorts of
models, incorporating models with various aspects and physical science/energy, that reproduced the
microwave warming cycle were inspected. Different systems intending to further develop the warming
presentation were proposed and illustrated. Albeit the models showed incredible helpfulness in
understanding the convoluted cooperation’s among microwaves, food sources, and bundles, few of these
methodologies are truly applied to the improvement of homegrown microwaves or the plan of
microwavable food items on a modern scale. The constraint on the modern execution was chiefly
credited to the model exactness, productivity, and convenience. Further work is expected to address the
impediment and overcome any issues between logical exploration and useful application, which requests
more exact, proficient, and simple to-utilize models. To start with, there is still space to further develop
the reproduction precision of the unthinking models. Even though the anticipated outcomes can
represent the unique examples and picture the connections during microwave warming, the model
outcomes can't be utilized for the exact forecast. The precise model data sources (e.g., calculation,
material properties), physical science/energy arrangement, and coupling techniques are required for
models with better execution.
Moreover, given the information creation benefit of robotic models, it is presently conceivable to
investigate different powerful however as of now unattainable ways to deal with further developing the
microwave execution, for example, the new plan of the warming systems or stove and food plans, in a
more effective manner. Likewise, the spatial result information, the measured outcomes can be stronger
for execution evaluation. At this point, considering recreation results, different methodologies have been
proposed, some of which have been tentatively approved.

Moreover, with the created models, the mixture models that couple robotic recreation and AI
examination are acquiring notoriety, where the laid out unthinking models effectively produce
mathematical information, and the AI model can proficiently dissect the model results. Contingent upon
the size of the result dataset, the incorporation procedure can be either disconnected or online, and the
sort of the AI model is to be chosen in view of the intricacy of the dataset. The promising coordination
demonstrating methodology enjoys shown its benefit while still terribly underused, calling for more
work in the future to additionally uncover the force of AI for microwave-related exploration. One more
way to deal with advancing the modern execution of the models is to foster them as simple to-utilize
applications. Since the model improvement needs huge proficiency, the intricacy in model advancement
is a bottleneck for the food and broiler engineers to use in their item plans. The prepared to-utilize
applications in view of robotic demonstrating and AI models can open their true capacities and empower
modern executions.

20
2.1.4 Solar Food Warmers for Educational Centres in Costa Rica
To address the non-uniform warming issue in the homegrown microwave warming cycle, broad robotic,
AI, and a half and half demonstrating works have been finished. In this paper, various sorts of models,
incorporating models with various aspects and material science/energy, that re-enacted the microwave
warming cycle were surveyed. Different systems planning to further develop the warming presentation
were proposed and illustrated. Albeit the models showed extraordinary value in understanding the
convoluted connections among microwaves, food varieties, and bundles, few of these methodologies are
truly applied to the improvement of homegrown microwaves or the plan of microwavable food items on
a modern scale. The restriction on the modern execution was primarily credited to the model precision,
effectiveness, and usability.
Further work is expected to address the impediment and overcome any issues between logical
examination and viable application, which requests more exact, proficient, and simple to-utilize models.
In the first place, there is still space to further develop the recreation precision of the unthinking models.
Even though the anticipated outcomes can delineate the powerful examples and picture the connections
during microwave warming, the model outcomes can't be utilized for exact forecasts. The precise model
data sources (e.g., calculation, material properties), physical science/energy arrangement, and coupling
methodologies are required for models with better execution. Besides, given the information creation
benefit of robotic models, it is presently conceivable to investigate different compelling yet right now
impossible ways to deal with further developing the microwave execution, for example, the new plan of
the warming systems or broiler and food plans, in a more effective manner.
Likewise, the spatial result information, the evaluated outcomes can be more vigorous for execution
appraisal. At this point, considering reproduction results, different methodologies have been proposed,
some of which have been tentatively approved. Moreover, with the created models, the half and half
models that couple unthinking re-enactment and AI investigation are acquiring ubiquity, where the laid
out robotic models effectively produce mathematical information, and the AI model can productively
dissect the model results. Contingent upon the size of the result dataset, the joining methodology can be
either disconnected or online, and the kind of AI model is to be chosen in view of the intricacy of the
dataset.
The promising coordination displaying procedure enjoys shown its benefit while still terribly underused,
calling for more work in the future to additionally uncover the force of AI for microwave-related
exploration. One more way to deal with advancing the modern execution of the models is to foster them
as simple to-utilize applications. Since the model improvement needs huge ability, the intricacy in model
advancement is a bottleneck for the food and broiler engineers to use in their item plans. The prepared
to-utilize applications in view of robotic displaying and AI models can open their true capacities and
empower modern executions.

21
 Fig 2.2 Solar Food Warmer

2.2.1 Ergonomic Compatibility for Metal dining table with Economic Architecture Space.
The metal-eating table is the main spot in the home hold where all individuals collect consistently.
Metal feasting table involves a greater part of the space in. Most little pads and homes today need to
serve more than one capacity for a decrease of creation expenses and the making of variety in metal-
eating table utilization. The exploration issue is that the current furniture models and most of them are
huge and their transportation is troublesome. Clients are of them live in rental homes and could move
consistently, they should consider a table which can be effectively conveyed and address their issues
well. Likewise, a table utilized that will address the issues and keep going for a long time. To defeat this
issue required changes as the metal feasting table. This might assist the architect with planning a proper
item that suits the working-class populaces are residing in little pads and homes. Metal feasting table
plan presents a four to six-man family founded on the association plan. Accordingly, the primary goal of
the current review has been to foster a metal-eating table plan, ergonomic requests, comprehend the
present measured in the economy and the principle issues the clients face during utilizing the metal-
eating table. From the recognized necessities ergonomic plan and security; to show up plan will to a
great extent suit the compelled space conditions engineering. The approach is Analytical graphics. The
fundamental aftereffects of this study show that the plan of metal feasting tables should be viewed as the
requests of the design space in little pads and homes, multifunction, adaptability, ergonomic aspects, and
capacity space.
The Findings of the review were:
1-Folded metal-eating table is more financial than a proper particularly in saving engineering space.
2-Understanding client prerequisites is the beginning advance of any planned movement. It is important
and one of the most significant stages in the item improvement cycle.

22
3-The youngsters and the old individuals or those with persistent circumstances. It showed that a flexible
seat what is more a workbench of standard size was profoundly attractive in the work environment.
Notwithstanding, the standard tallness of the workbench could not be characterized without the
anthropometric information of the client populace.
4-the sort the most ideal for the table relies upon the size, shape also weight of the table.
5-The secluded and lightweight collapsing metal feasting table is appropriate for constant everyday use.
6-Integrating the simple metal-eating table and seat in one item assists the goods with fitting better in a
tiny home of the objective gathering and diminishes the expenses of purchasing.
7-That foldable metal feasting table and seat are alluring for lofts, that have restricted living space. Since
versatility of room to work with protection in convenience and the turn of events.
8-Functional and practical coordination considering plan standards additionally it is not just utilized for
feasting but for other reasons and versatile to better approaches for work and new use.

Fig 2.3 Metal Dining Table with Various Shapes

23
2.2.2 The “Smart Dining Table”: Automatic Behavioural Tracking of a Meal with a Multi-Touch-
Computer
Concentrating on how people eat with regards to supper is essential to understanding fundamental
components of food consumption guidelines and can assist with growing new mediations for the
advancement of smart dieting and avoidance of stoutness and dietary issues. While there are various
systems accessible for social assessment of supper, there is a requirement for new apparatuses that can
work on information assortment through programmed and online investigation. Additionally, there are
right now no techniques that influence innovation to add an element of intuitiveness to the feast table. In
this review, we inspected the possibility of another innovation for programmed recognition and grouping
of nibbles during a research facility feast. We utilized a SUR40 multi-contact tabletop PC, fuelled by an
infrared camera behind the screen. Labels were connected to three plates, permitting their situations to
be followed, and the immersion (a proportion of the infrared force) in the encompassing locale was
estimated. A Kinect camera was utilized to record the dinners for manual confirmation and give motion
identification to when the chomps were taken. Nibble recognitions set off an arrangement of the source
plate by the SUR40 in view of immersion transition in the former time window. Five solid subjects
(matured 20-40 years, one female) were tried, giving a complete example of 320 chomps.
Responsiveness, characterized as the quantity of accurately recognized nibbles out of the number of real
chomps, was 67.5%.

Grouping exactness, characterized as the quantity of accurately arranged chomps out of those
recognized, was 82.4%. Because of the unfortunate responsiveness, a subsequent analysis was planned
utilizing a solitary plate and a Myo armband containing a nine-pivot accelerometer as an elective
strategy for chomp identification. Similar subjects were tried (example: 195 chomps). Utilizing a
straightforward limit on the pitch perusing of the magnetometer, the Myo information accomplished
86.1% awareness versus 60.5% with the Kinect. Further, the accuracy of positive prescient worth was
72.1% for the Myo versus 42.8% for the Kinect. We infer that the SUR40 + Myo mix is attainable for
programmed recognition and order of chomps with sufficient precision for a scope of uses.

In this review, we fostered another philosophy, giving, interestingly, programmed, and online
identification and examination of eating conduct and food decision during a supper. This technique
utilizes the blend of direction information given by a Myo armband and investigation of the crude
picture stream from a SUR40 PC. While the framework does not as of now accomplish wonderful
precision, its guarantee lies in the wide scope of expected applications, given the framework's ability of
online examination and intelligence.

24
 Fig 2.4 Experimental Setup

2.3 MECHANIZATION OF ROTARY MOTION OF DUMB WAITER OF LUNCH TABLE.

The lunch table is planned and created by the understudies of the past group of the Department of
Industrial Engineering for giving the office of taking lunch to the 15-20 people all at once of any
association where individuals bring their own tiffin boxes and divide the dishes between one another. A
Circular shape dumbwaiter is mounted at the focal point of the table for keeping the different dishes of
the person. The expected dish can be taken inside the reachable area of the end client by pivoting the
dumbwaiter. It is seen that each time there is a need to turn the dumbwaiter physically for having a
similar dish in 15-20 people.
This manual movement given by individuals for taking the chomp of the required dish makes a parcel of
aggravation in having similar dishes or different dishes kept on the idiotic server. This outcome into
expanding the hanging tight an ideal opportunity for taking the nibble of the required dish and leads
towards loosing of interest of individual of testing the different dishes. This manual rotational movement
of dumbwaiter can be motorized for sharing every one of the dishes consistently inside end clients. This
extra element would be esteem expansion in a similar plan of the lunch table. Writing survey is done for
laying out a hypothetical structure for the attempted area of venture work. The survey is finished seeing
the motorized lunch tables for serving the different dishes to a greater number of individuals. The
endeavours are likewise made for concentrating on the different components utilized for turning the
table for different purposes. The different systems are thought about for choosing the fitting instrument
for the reason. The assessment is done based on different boundaries like expense, space, clamour, and
so forth. The overall format of component is arranged and as needed by the framework is planned,
created, and effectively introduced to accomplish automation of rotating movement of the idiotic server
of the lunch table.
The finish of the proposed work is as under:

25
1. The roundabout nonstop movement with a speed of revolution 2 RPM is tentatively gotten based on
biting time, pickup time and holding up time and seen as appropriate.
2. Due to automated efficient movement, comfort in sharing the dishes is seen through testing and input
of end clients.
3. The created automated dumbwaiter with lunch table can be utilized for serving the material like a
plate of mixed greens in large party or marriage supper, and so on
4. Computerization is exceptionally valuable. This computerization will give solace to end clients.

Fig 2.5 Top and Side Photos of the Elliptical Lunch Table

26
 CHAPTER 3
EXISTING DESIGN OF LUNCH TABLE

27
 CHAPTER 3
EXISTING DESIGN OF LUNCH TABLE

3.1 History
To serve the dishes uniformly, a circular shape of dumb waiter of diameter of 0.61m is fitted at the
Centre of the table. For sharing the dishes, there is need to rotate the dumb waiter manually. The
arrangement of rotating the dumb waiter manually is already made but the end users are facing problems
while using the dumbwaiter of lunch table. Many times, simultaneous manual motion, clockwise or
anticlockwise, given by more than one user creates lot of disturbance in sharing the dishes kept on
dumb- waiter.

Because of disturbing motion, the special dishes kept on the dumb waiter cannot get equally distributed
to all end users. Sometimes fast manual rotation of dumb waiter leads to fall of lunch box from
dumbwaiter. These above problems were then tackled by motorized well define control motion to dumb
waiter by developing appropriate mechanism.
1. Selection of mechanism
2. Deciding the speed of dumbwaiter
3. Experimentation for calculating the power of electric motor.
4. Development of mechanism
5. Fabrication and Installation
6. Testing and Feedback of end users for further improvement.

3.1.1 Selection of Mechanism

The rotation mechanism with the worm reduction unit was specially realized
based on deceleration and was selected for the purpose. Compactness and noise
reduction are other important parameters for the final choice of mechanism, but
cost compromises have been required.
3.1.2 Additional Rotary Mechanism in Absence of Electricity

There is one-way movement. An additional mechanism is needed to provide a moving elevator

at least manually to avoid the inconvenience of shearing the dishes.

28
 wo alternative mechanisms were considered to achieve the move. These are: Alternative
Mechanism 1-Pulley and Belt Drive Mechanism Alternative Mechanism 2-Sprocket and
Freewheel Mechanism

3.1.2a Alternative Mechanism 1: Pulley &Belt Drive Mechanism

As shown in Figure 3.1.2a, a belt drive mechanism has been proposed to maintain free rotation of the
elevator without power.

Figure 3.1.2a: Beltdrive Mechanism for Free Rotation

[1. Input pulley 2. Output pulley 3. Idler pulley 4. Belt]

The input pulley is attached to the reducer shaft and the output pulley is attached to the elevator shaft. In
addition, a deflection roller was proposed. During power supply, all pulleys are connected in the form of
links and transmission movements, but in the absence of power, the idler pulleys are pulled inward and
the belt loosens.
Pros: Less space is required for installation.
Less maintenance costs.

3.1.2b Alternative mechanism 2: -Sprocket and Freewheel Mechanism

The placement of the sprocket and freewheel mechanism is shown in Figure 3.1.2b. It uses sprockets
and freewheels that are the same dimensions as the chain.

Figure 3.1.2b: Free-wheel Figure 3.1.3b: Sprocket and free-wheel mechanism

1. Free-wheel 2. Sprocket

29
The sprocket was mounted on the output shaft of the reducer and the freewheel of the sprocket was
mounted on the shaft of the elevator. The clockwise direction of the elevator is considered. Depending
on the direction of travel, freewheels are placed on the dam waiter shaft to transfer power from the input
to the output shaft. The chain transfers this rotation to the freewheel sprocket attached to the elevator
shaft to rotate the elevator. The internal layout of the freewheel is shown in Figure 3.1.3b. Specifically,
the outer element of the freewheel, called the ratchet ring, contacts the chain and the inner element is
above the elevator shaft. The freewheel placement does not allow the elevator to move in the opposite
direction. This means that the elevator can only rotate in one direction, which can solve the purpose of
the elevator rotation.

Figure 3.1.4b: Ratchet and Pawl Mechanism [1. Outer ring 2. Pawl 3. Inner
element]

Benefits:
 The output shaft can only rotate in one direction.
 Requires less space for installation.
 The cost is exceptionally low.
 Almost maintenance-free with little maintenance.
 There are few restrictions on the proposed mechanism.

30
3.1.3 Evaluation of Mechanism
The proposed mechanism is evaluated based on various parameters. This is shown in Table 3.1.3.

Table 3.1: Evaluation of Rotary Mechanism in Absence of Electricity

Parameter Pulley & Belt Drive Sprocket and
Freewheel
Mechanism
Mechanism
Arrangement Complex, as additional lever along Simple and no additional
with wire and knob arrangement is arrangement is required to
required to operate it
operate it.
Cost More Very less
Maintenance More Almost negligible maintenance
Motion of Clockwise and anticlockwise Only one direction, desirable.
dumbwaiter Also, which is not desirable.

3.1.4 Selection of Mechanism

Evaluation of the additional non-powered rotation mechanism revealed that the sprocket and freewheel
mechanism were better suited to meet the needs of the end user. Therefore, it is chosen for this purpose.
Evaluation of the additional non-powered rotation mechanism revealed that the sprocket and freewheel
mechanism were better suited to meet the needs of the end user. Therefore, it is chosen for this purpose.

3.2 Deciding the Speed of Dumbwaiter

Calculating the required elevator speeds suitable for sharing food was an important task. Similarly, it
was necessary to calculate the power requirements of the electric motor to provide the elevator with the
required torque when traveling. Two different experiments were conducted for this purpose
3.2.1 Planning Experimentation for Speed of Dumbwaiter
It was decided to focus on the following parameters to determine the required number of revolutions per
minute.
 Chewing time
 Pickup time
 Waiting time
 Lunch box stability

31
 1. Chewing time: -

Chewing time is the time to chew the food using teeth to break it up after taking
one bite in the mouth. This chewing time may vary from person to person.

2. Pickup time: -

Some time is required to pick up the bite from lunch box. It depends on the skill of
the individual.

3. Waiting time: -

The time between swallow of first bite and picking the second bite is referred to as
waiting time

4. Stability of lunch box

Stability of lunch box over the dumbwaiter depends upon the speed of rotation of
dumbwaiter. If the speed of the dumb waiter is more, the lunch box will slide
towards the periphery of dumbwaiter which may cause for falling of lunchbox
from dumbwaiter.

3.2.2 Methodology
Four subjects were selected to conduct the experiments. Four plates are held in an equal angle position
on a hoist. Manual motion was given to the elevator in the number of data collection trials. In the
process of moving into the elevator, the dishes were divided by the subjects. The test was performed
during the usual university lunch break.

3.2.3 Observation and Result

1. Observations
The observations are taken as shown in table 3.2.

32
 Table 3.2: Observations over various parameters for speed calculation

Sr. No Chewing Pickup Waiting Total Average Number of

Time time Time time time for rotations of
(Sec) (Sec) (Sec) (Sec) single bite Dumbwaiter
(Sec)

Subject 1 28 4 4 36
Subject 2 24 6 5 35 36 1.66
Subject 3 30 5 3 38
Subject 4 25 6 4 35

2. Result for Speed of Dumbwaiter

The required revolutions of the tachometer are 1.66 revolutions per minute (RPM). To synchronize
between the rotational demand and the drives currently on the market, the hoist's rotation speed has been
assumed to be a maximum of 2 rpm.

3.2.4 Power for Rotating the Dumbwaiter

1.Planning Experimentation
To determine the power requirement for rotating the dumbwaiter, it was decided to conduct
experimentation on experimental setup which was fabricated separately.
1. Weight on dumb waiter: - The weights were kept on dumbwaiter which is
equivalent to the weight of maximum number of lunch boxes accommodate on
surface of dumbwaiter.
2. Diameter of pulley: - Diameter of pulley was taken into consideration for
measuring the requirement of torque for rotating the loaded dumbwaiter.
3. Pulling force: - The force which was required to rotate the loaded
dumbwaiter. unwound the wire rope.

33
 2. Experimental Setup
The test setup to determine the power requirement to rotate the power meter is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 3.2.4a: Experimental Setup

[1. Dumb waiter 2. Vertical shaft 3. Four leg stands

Pulley 5. Rope 6. Small pulley 7. Weighting pan]

A pulley with a diameter of 60 mm (about half the length of the long edge of a credit card) is installed,
on which a rope is wound. To maintain a straight line of action of the pulling force through the rope
acting on the shaft of the elevator, a small pulley is installed on an extension arm. The rope hangs over
the small pulley.
3. Estimation of Equivalent Weight on Dumbwaiter
To estimate equivalent weight on dumbwaiter, which may be given by end user, a
small exercise was carried out.

34
 Figure 3.2.4b: Layout of pots on Dumb Waiter

It was observed that maximum 18 numbers of pots of lunch boxes can be kept on
dumbwaiter. The weight of one pot with food is considered as 250 gm. Therefore,
the maximum weight that comes on dumbwaiter is -

= 18 x 250 gm= 4500gm = 4.5 kg = 4.5 x 9.81 = 44.15 N = 45 N

(Approximately) Load of dumbwaiter= 12 kg, therefore total load = 4.5 + 12 =

16.5 kg

Factor of safety can be considered in terms of load = 1.5 [5]

Therefore, total load to be rotated including load of dumbwaiter during trials =

16.5 kg x 1.5= 24.75 kg = 242.79 N

The external load in terms of dead weight is kept on dumbwaiter:

= 242.79 – weight of dumbwaiter = 242.79 – 117.72 (12 kg) = 125.07 N = 12.75 kg

35
3.2.5 Methodology

To determine the pulling force which was caused for rotating the loaded
dumbwaiter, different standard weights were used. The moment at which the
dumb waiter gets rotated from its place gives the force required to rotate the
dumbwaiter. The same experiment was repeated 10 times to minimize the errors
in conducting the experimentation and fabricated setup error too. The torque
required to rotate the dumbwaiter is, Torque (T) = Force (F) x Perpendicular
distance (R).

Figure 3.2.5: Conceptual Diagram for Torque Calculation

Using the value of torque (T), the required power for rotating the dumbwaiter was
calculated.

3.2.6 Observations
The test is performed on a set of tests to determine the tensile force. The observations are presented in
Table 3.2.6.
Table 3.3: Observations of Various Trials for Pulling Force

Sr. No 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
Weight on 242. 79 N (Including weight of dumbwaiter)
Dumbwaiter
Pulling Force (Kg)

The average value of pulling force = 13.24 kg = 129.88 N

36
3.2.7 Power Calculation for Motor

After determining the pulling force at the radius of pulley of 30 mm, the torque
was calculated as

Torque = Force * Radius Nm

= 13.24 * 9.81 * 0.03

= 3.89 N-m

Therefore, it was concluded that the required torque for rotating the dumbwaiter is

3.89 N-m.

We know, the power was given by

Power = 2πNT / 60 watt

Where, N = RPM of

motor

T = torque required by motor to rotate dumb

waiter in case of AC motor the speed of motor was considered as

1440 rpm.

Therefore, power required for AC motor was

calculated as – Power = (2 * 3.142 *

1440 * 3.89) / 60

= 586.59 Watts = 600

Watts In case of DC motor, with speed of rotor

of 60 rpm,

37
 So, the power required for DC motor is calculated

as – Power = [(2 * 3.142 * 60 *

3.89) / 60]

= 24.44 Watts = 25 Watts

3.3 SELECTION OF MOTOR

The suitable main motor is an electric motor. Since there are many types of electric motors, it is
necessary to choose the appropriate motor for this purpose. Details of the electric motor were discussed.
3.3.1 Classification of Motor

The electric motor is classified as given below:

3.3.2 Comparison and Evaluation for Selecting the Motor

The final selection of an engine suitable for this purpose has been made. Using the
comparison mode, an evaluation of several types of engines available on the
market was carried out. Various parameters have been considered for this. The
details have been given below:

1. Evaluation of Various Types of Motors

The ratings of the basic motor types, i.e., AC, DC, and dedicated motors, are shown in Table 1.1. While
the evaluation of A.C. motor, D.C. motor and special purpose motor are performed separately as shown
in Tables 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4, respectively. Finally, an evaluation of commonly available engines (selected
engines) was performed, as shown in Table 1.5.

38
Table 3.4: Evaluation of Basic Types of Motors

Table 3.5: Evaluation of AC Motors

39
Table 3.6: Evaluation of DC Motors

Table 3.7: Evaluation of Special Purpose Motors

40
 Table 3.8: Evaluation of Selected Motors for the Purpose

2. Selection of Motor
After the above exercise, we found that PMDC motors and stepper motors are suitable for this purpose,
PMDC motors are readily available on the university campus. Considering the additional costs involved
in purchasing a stepper motor, it was decided to choose and use a PMDC motor for this purpose.

3.4 Development of Rotary Mechanism

The rotary mechanism is as shown in Figure 3.4.1.

Figure 3.4: The Final Arrangement of Rotary Mechanism

[ 1. Electric motor 2. Worm reduction unit-01 3. Coupling 4. Worm reduction unit -02
5. Input Sprocket 6. Output sprocket with Freewheel 7. Chain 8. Coupling
9. Dumb-waiter shaft with live shaft of freewheel 10. Dumb-waiter 11. Bearings

41
3.4.1 Part List
The detail part list is given in table 3.8
Table 3.9: Parts List

3.4.2 AutoCAD 2d Diagram of Various Components

3.4.2.1 Dumb waiter shaft and Freewheel shaft

Figure 3.4.2.1a: Design of Shafts

Dumb Waiter Shaft (b) Freewheel shaft

42
3.4.2.1b Frame for Mounting

Figure 3.4.2.1b: Frame for Mounting the Mechanism

3.4.2.2 Orthographic View of Assembly of Mechanism

Figure 3.4.2.2a: Top View of Assembly of Mechanism

[1. Frame 2. Freewheel 3. Muff Coupling 4. Sprocket 5. Gearbox
6. Jaw Coupling 7. Inbuilt gearbox]

43
3.4.3 Fabrication of Mechanism
3.4.3.1 Frame
It was provided to support the components like motor, gearbox, and other
subassemblies of various components.

Figure 3.4.3.1: Frame

3.4.3.2 Electric DC Motor with First Reduction Unit

Figure 3.4.3.2: Electric DC Motor

44
3.4.3.3 Worm Reduction Gearbox (2nd Step Reduction)

Figure 3.4.3.3: Worm Reduction Gearbox

3.4.3.4 Coupling

Figure 3.4.3.4 (a): Jaw Coupling Figure 3.4.3.4 (b): Muff Coupling

Jaw Coupling is used for Coupling the motor shaft and 2nd Step Worm reduction
gear box and Muff coupling is used for connecting the freewheel shaft with shaft
of dumbwaiter.

3.4.3.5 Pedestal Bearing

45
 Figure 3.4.3.6: Shafts

3.4.3.7 Input Sprocket Fitted over Shaft

Figure 3.4.3.7: Sprocket Fitted over Shaft

3.4.3.8: Sprocket with Freewheel

Figure 3.4.3.8: Sprocket with Freewheel

46
 3.4.3.9 Chain

Figure 3.4.3.9: Chain

3.4.3.10 Base Plate for Supporting the Dumbwaiter

Figure 3.4.3.10: Base Plate

Table 3.10 Cost of Fabrication

47
3.4.5 Final Assembly

Figure 3.4.5: Actual Assembly

The lunch table with assembled rotary mechanism was directly given to the end user means lunch table
was put in the teacher’s room for use for more than 15 days (about 2 weeks). It was observed that the
lunch table was working continuously and observations were taken in the form of feedback from end-
users i.e., teachers.

48
 CHAPTER 4
MODIFICATION IN EXISTING DESIGN OF LUNCH TABLE

49
 CHAPTER 4
MODIFICATION IN EXISTING DESIGN OF LUNCH TABLE

We are doing the following modifications in the Existing Lunch Table-

1) Selection of New Motor.
2) Modification of the Rotary mechanism (Motor Setup) to make it more compact.
3) Selection and Installation of Food Warmer which will serve the purpose of heating the food
before eating for a better experience.
4) Installation of Clap Switch with the Motor.

Now we will discuss all the above modifications in brief and how we will achieve it.

4.1 Selection of New Motor

We have to change the current motor as it is not functioning and also it isn’t compatible with a
rheostat.
4.1.1 Current Motor Specifications
PMDC of 60 RPM & Torque- 10kg/cm
4.1.2 New Motor
The New motor should also match the same specification as the motor chosen earlier was taken as per
the purpose having proper speed and power to rotate the dumb waiter at ideal speed.
We will be choosing this motor as our replacement
INVENTO 12v 10 Kg-cm 60 RPM Side Shaft High Torque Geared DC Motor Heavy Duty with
70mm x 40mm Wheel
 The metal gears have better wear and tear properties. Gearbox is sealed and lubricated with lithium
grease and requires no maintenance.
 Voltage: 6V to 12V; Shaft Diameter: 6mm; Torque Range: 10 Kg-cm (Approx.)
 Although motor gives 60 RPM at 12V, motor runs smoothly from 12V to 18V and gives the wide
range of RPM, and torque.
 Wheel Diameter: 70mm; Wheel Thickness: 40mm

50
 Fig 4.1 DC motor
Cost- ₹870
4.2. Modification of the Rotary mechanism

In the current design of the Rotary mechanism used in the table, it has many different components and
also it takes unnecessary extra space for the large frame that has been used to assemble all the
components.
We will be modifying the current mechanism by firstly refabricating a small frame for the assembly of
our new motor that we are going to use in the new design. Then we will remove the current Frame
which includes the Motor, Worm Reduction Gearbox, Pedestal Bearing, Shafts, Input Sprocket,
Sprocket with Freewheel and Lastly the Chain. All this will be carefully removed from the Table and
our newly Designed Frame with DC motor will be Installed as given in the Drawing below.

51
Fig 4.2 All the Different Components for the new Mechanism

DC Motor Metal Frame

Wooden Blocks

Rheostat

52
 Fig 4.3 Modified Rotary Mechanism

In the Modified Mechanism, we have firstly redesigned the metal frame as per the dimensions of the
newly selected motor. After that, we have taken 3 wooden boards which can be fitted on 3 sides of the
Metal Frame as we will need the 2 Wooden boards for the base and the top for the support of the DC
Motor and the last wooden board will be needed on the side for the support of the rheostat. Then we will
screw the wooden board with the dc motor such that it becomes properly intact with the board and the
frame. Lastly, we will fit the rheostat on the 3rd wooden board (Fitted on the side) and connect the wires
to the motor to the rheostat and then the rheostat to the 12V DC Adapter.

53
4.3 Selection and Installation of Food Warmer
Most of the time the Lunch Table will be fully Occupied so we will be needing a Food Warmer that can
simultaneously warm food of 15-20 People so for that purpose we have chosen a medium-size Food
Warmer which of Rectangular shape and runs with electricity.
MAZORIA Large Steel Electric Hot Case | Food Warmer | Hot Food Cabinet (Yellow) one Year
Warranty
This warmer offers 650 W of heating power that keeps your baked foods hot and fresh. It also makes it
easy for your customers to serve themselves and for staff to keep the shelves fully stocked.

· Front and Rear Sliding Doors

· Thermostatic Temperature Controls

· Fast Pre-Heat Time

· Stainless Steel Body

· 2 Stainless Steel Racks

· Independent Power Switch

· Automatic temperature shut off

Fig 4.4 Food Warmer

Cost- ₹5490

54
4.3.1 Installation of Food Warmer
The Dimensions of the Selected Food Warmer are 23 x 23 x 18 cm, and the Weight is 1.89 Kilograms.
As the width is 18 cm we can fit this Food Warmer under the Lunch Table where the wooden support is
given.

For that, we will be fitting one more wooden support under the table which will be keeping the food
warmer rigid at its place.

Fig 4.5 Final Assembly After Warmer Installation

The Food warmer takes 650W of Energy and its daily run time is only about 5-10 mins.
Calculation
Now let’s calculate its monthly consumption of Electricity.
Daily Consumption in Units =.65 x1/6 = 0.108 Units
Monthly Consumption in Units = 0.108 x 30 =3.24 Units
Monthly Bill (Assuming 1 Unit = 10 RS) = ₹ 32

55
4.4 Installation of Clap Switch with the Motor

Currently, the Motor will be turned on whenever its 12 V DC adapter is connected to it.
So, to make it easy to use we will be installing a clap switch circuit which will hardly cost us ₹150.

Fig 4.6 Clap Switch Circuit

We will be connecting the ends of this circuit to our motor supply wire.
This Clap switch is pretty useful as it triggers it whenever a clap sound is heard by the circuit and
therefore the use of the Dumb waiter will be also easier.

56
 CHAPTER 5
FILING THE PATENT

57
 CHAPTER 5
FILING THE PATENT

5.1 Step 1: Conceiving your Invention

This is the first step for an inventor who wants to go ahead with his or her invention. It is important to
collect as much information as possible. Some of the pertinent questions that the inventor must think
through are: what is the field of the invention, what are the advantages, how will it help in improving
already existing solutions? Not all inventions are patentable subject matter. Section 3 of the Patents Act
provides those subject matter which are not patentable. Therefore, while conceiving, the inventor must
be clear that the invention does not fall under any of such categories which are not patentable.

5.2 Step 2: Patent Search and Drafting

After getting clarity over the invention, the inventor must do a patentability search. This is important
since it will help in understanding whether the invention is novel or not. All inventions must meet the
novelty criteria under the Patents Act. The patentability opinion can be examined upon conducting an
extensive search and forming a patentability report. The patentability search identifies the closest
possible prior arts (known to the public) relating to the invention and based on the results obtained, an
opinion about the patentability of that invention may be provided which can be positive, negative, or
neutral. Nevertheless, one can choose to directly file the application, but a patentability search is highly
recommended.

The next step which follows is effective drafting of the patent application. The application consists of
various parts such as Claims, Background, Description, Drawing (if any), Abstract, and Summary. All
such parts must be carefully drafted to provide effective disclosure of the invention. It is advised that
utmost care and precision must be taken while drafting the application.

5.3 Step 3- Filing the Patent Application

This is where the actual process starts. After drafting the patent application, this can be filed in the
government patent office as per the application form in Form 1. A receipt would be generated with the
patent application number. One can also file a provisional patent application, in case; the invention is at
an early stage under Form 2. The benefit of filing a provisional application is that one can secure a prior
date of filing which is crucial in the patent world. Also, one gets 12 months to file the complete
specification. In the case of start-ups and small entities, the application form in Form 28 must be used to
file for patents.

58
5.4 Step 4- Publication of the Application
After filing the complete specification, the application is published 18 months after the date of filing.
There is no need for any special requirement from the applicant for publication. In case, the applicant
does not want to wait till the expiry of 18 months, an early publication request can be made along with
prescribed fees by filing Form 9. Generally, the patent application is published within one month from
the request of early publication.

5.4.1 Rule 24 of the Patent Rules 2003

The period for which an application for patent shall not ordinarily be open to the public under sub-
section (1) of section 11A shall be eighteen months from the date of filing of the application or the date
of priority of the application, whichever is earlier. Provided that the period within which the Controller
shall publish the application in the journal shall ordinarily be one month from the date of expiry of said
period, or one month from the date of the request for publication under rule 24A

5.4.2 Rule 24A

A request for publication under sub-section (2) of section 11 A shall be made in Form 9. After
publication, any person may oppose the grant of a patent by way of the pre-grant opposition. Section
25(1) of the Patents Act 1970 states that where an application for a patent has been published but a
patent has not been granted, any person may, in writing, represent by way of opposition to the Controller
against the grant of a patent on the grounds stated in Sections 25(1)(a) to (k). This is known as pre-grant
opposition. The controller can decide on the merits and can notify the applicant regarding the
opposition, after which the applicant needs to submit his or her reply, and a subsequent decision can be
taken thereof.

5.5 Step 5- Request for Examination

Unlike the publication, the examination is not an automatic process and the applicant is required to
request the patent office to examine the patent application. The normal request must be filed within 48
months from the date of filing of an application, under Form 18. Upon such request, the controller gives
the application to a patent examiner who examines it with different patentability criteria, which are
novelty, non-obviousness or inventive step, and capable of industrial applicability thereby, providing the
applicant with the First Examination Report (FER). The applicant can also file a request for expedited
examination of the application under Form 18A. Rule 24C- An applicant may file a request for
expedited examination in Form 18A along with the fee as specified in the first schedule only by
electronic transmission duly authenticated within the period prescribed in rule 24B on any of the
following grounds, namely:(a) that India has been indicated as the competent International Searching

59
Authority or elected as an International Preliminary Examining Authority in the corresponding
international application; or (b) that the applicant is a startup.

5.6 Step 6- Respond to the Objections

The applicant needs to respond to the objection received from the patent office by way of the First
Examination Report. The applicant is expected to file a written response to the objection raised in the
examination report. The applicant can prove the patentability of the invention and try negating the entire
objection being raised. Physical hearing or video conferencing can also be requested, as the case may be.

5.7 Step 7- Grant of Patent

After addressing all objections, the application would be placed for a grant once it is found to be
meeting all patentability requirements, and finally, the patent will be granted to the applicant. The grant
of a patent is notified in the patent journal which is published from time to time.

Any person interested may file a post-grant opposition within 12 months from the date of publication of
the grant of patents, by providing a notice of opposition to the controller. Section 25(2) of the Patents
Act 1970 states that at any time after the grant of patent, but before the expiry of a period of one year
from the date of publication of the grant of a patent, any person interested may give notice of opposition
to the Controller in the prescribed manner on any of the following grounds stated in Sections 25(2)(a) to
(k).

60
 CHAPTER 6
RESULT AND CONCLUSION

61
 CHAPTER 6
RESULT AND CONCLUSION

The Result and Conclusion of the Proposed Work are as under:

 The Rotary mechanism (Motor Setup) has been made more compact, this reduced the space and
also saved energy as we removed the existing gear setup.

 Addition of Food Warmer is done, which will serve the purpose of heating the food before eating
for a better experience.

 Installation of Clap Switch with the Motor has been done which will help to control the rotating
dumb waiter without the need to physically push the switch for its operation.

62
 CHAPTER 7
SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

63
 CHAPTER 7
SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

We can do the following work in the future for this Existing Lunch Table: -
1. Fabrication of the New Mechanism and Addition of the Modification proposed in
the Existing Lunch Table.

2. Fabrication of the Elliptical Table can be done in such a way that it can be
resizable when needed to save space when seating in a low capacity.

Patent and Processing

The Patent is been submitted and is being processing stage right now.

64
REFERENCES

65
 REFERENCES
1. A Review on Ohmic Heating and Its Use in Food
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348743251_A_Review_On_Ohmic_Heating_A
nd_Its_Use_In_Food
2. Design and Analysis of Food Warmer
https://www.ijert.org/research/design-and-analysis-of-food-warmer-
IJERTCONV5IS07014.pdf
3. Mechanistic and Machine Learning Modelling of Microwave Heating Process in Domestic Ovens.

https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/9/2029/htm
4. Solar Food Warmers for Educational Centers in Costa Rica
https://www.solarcookers.org/files/9214/2774/0128/Solar_Food_Warmers_for_Education
al_Centers_in_Costa_Rica.pdf
5. Ergonomic Compatibility for Metal dining table with Economic Architecture Space.
https://www.ijert.org/research/ergonomic-compatibility-for-metal-dining-table-with-
economic-architecture-space-IJERTV5IS060293.pdf
6. The “Smart Dining Table”: Automatic Behavioural Tracking of a Meal with a Multi-Touch-Computer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4749696/

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