Mechanical Properties of Solids 77

Mechanical
CHAPTER

9
Properties of Solids
9.5 Stress-Strain Curve 6. The Young’s modulus of steel is twice that of brass.
Two wires of same length and of same area of
1. The stress-strain curves are drawn for two different cross section, one of steel and another of brass are
materials X and Y. It is observed that the ultimate
suspended from the same roof. If we want the lower
strength point and the fracture point are close
to each other for material X but are far apart for ends of the wires to be at the same level, then the
material Y. We can say that materials X and Y are weights added to the steel and brass wires must be in
likely to be (respectively) the ratio of
(a) ductile and brittle (b) brittle and ductile (a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 1(2015)
(c) brittle and plastic (d) plastic and ductile 7. The approximate depth of an ocean is 2700 m.
(Odisha NEET 2019) The compressibility of water is 45.4 × 10–11 Pa–1
9.6 Elastic Moduli and density of water is 103 kg/m3. What fractional
compression of water will be obtained at the bottom
2. A wire of length L, area of cross section A is hanging of the ocean?
from a fixed support. The length of the wire changes
(a) 1.2 × 10–2 (b) 1.4 × 10–2
to L1 when mass M is suspended from its free end.
(c) 0.8 × 10–2 (d) 1.0 × 10–2
The expression for Young’s modulus is
(2015 Cancelled)
MgL1 Mg (L1 − L)
(a) (b) 8. Copper of fixed volume V is drawn into wire of
AL AL
length l. When this wire is subjected to a constant
MgL MgL
(c) (d) force F, the extension produced in the wire is Dl.
AL1 A(L1 − L)  (NEET 2020) Which of the following graphs is a straight line?
3. When a block of mass M is suspended by a long wire (a) Dl versus 1/l (b) Dl versus l 2
of length L, the length of the wire becomes (L + l). (c) Dl versus 1/l 2
(d) Dl versus l (2014)
The elastic potential energy stored in the extended
wire is 9. The following four wires are made of the same
1 material. Which of these will have the largest
(a) MgL (b) Mgl extension when the same tension is applied?
2 1 (a) length = 200 cm, diameter = 2 mm
(c) MgL (d) Mgl (NEET 2019)
2 (b) length = 300 cm, diameter = 3 mm
4. Two wires are made of the same material and have (c) length = 50 cm, diameter = 0.5 mm
the same volume. The first wire has cross-sectional (d) length = 100 cm, diameter = 1 mm (NEET 2013)
area A and the second wire has cross-sectional area 10. If the ratio of diameters, lengths and Young’s modulus
3A. If the length of the first wire is increased by Dl of steel and copper wires shown in the figure are p,
on applying a force F, how much force is needed to q and s respectively, then the corresponding ratio of
stretch the second wire by the same amount? increase in their lengths would be
(a) 9F (b) 6F 5q 7q Steel
(c) 4F (d) F (NEET 2018) (a) (b)
(7 sp2 ) (5sp2 )
5. The bulk modulus of a spherical object is ‘B’. If it
Copper
is subjected to uniform pressure ‘p’, the fractional 2q 7q
decrease in radius is (c) (d)
(5sp) (5sp)
B 3p p p
(a) (b) (c) (d) (NEET 2017) (Karnataka NEET 2013)
3p B 3B B

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 78 NEET-AIPMT Chapterwise Topicwise Solutions Physics

ANSWER KEY
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (b)

Hints & Explanations

1. (b) pr
Put this value in eqn. (i), we get B = −
2. (d) : Given : initial length = L, area of cross section = A 3∆r
New length after mass M is suspended on the wire = L ∆r p
Fractional decrease in radius is − =
\ Change in length, DL = L1 – L. r 3B
Stress F L 6. (d) : Let L and A be length
Now Young’s modulus, Y = = × and area of cross section of each
Strain A ∆L wire. In order to have the lower
mg L MgL
= or ends of the wires to be at the
A ∆L A(L1 − L) same level (i.e. same elongation
F Mg is produced in both wires), let
3. (d) : Stress = =
A A , weights Ws and Wb are added to steel and brass wires
respectively. Then, by definition of Young’s modulus, the
Strain = ∆L = L + l − L = l elongation produced in the steel wire is
L L L
WL  W/ A 
Energy stored in the wire is, ∆Ls = s  as Y = 
1 YA ∆L / L 
s
U = × Stress × Strain × Volume Wb L
2 and that in the brass wire is ∆Lb =
1 Mg l 1 Yb A
= × × × A × L = Mgl
But DLs = DLb (given)
2 A L 2
Fl Ws L Wb L Ws Ys
4. (a) : Young’s modulus, Y = ∴ = or =
A∆l Ys A Yb A Wb Yb
Since initial volume of wires are same and their areas
Ys Ws 2
of cross sections are A and 3A so lengths are 3l and l As =2; ∴ =
respectively. Yb Wb 1
For wire 1, 7. (a) : Depth of ocean, d = 2700 m
 F  Density of water, r = 103 kg m–3
∆l =  3l ...(i)
 AY  Compressibility of water, K = 45.4 × 10–11 Pa–1
For wire 2, let F ′ force is applied ∆V
=?
F′ ∆l V
=Y
3A l Excess pressure at the bottom, DP = rgd
 F′  = 103 × 10 × 2700 = 27 × 106 Pa
⇒ ∆l =  l ...(ii)
 3 AY  ∆P
We know, B =
From eqns (i) and (ii), (∆V /V )
 F   F′   ∆V  ∆P  1
 AY  3l =  3 AY  l ⇒ F ′ = 9F   = = K . ∆P  K = 
V B B
5. (c) : Bulk modulus B is given as = 45.4 × 10–11 × 27 × 106 = 1.2 × 10–2
− pV ...(i) 8. (b) : As V = Al ... (i)
B= where A is the area of cross-section of the wire.
∆V
The volume of a spherical object of radius r is given as (F / A) Fl
Young’s modulus, Y = =
4 3 4 (∆l / l ) A∆l
V=πr , ∆V = π (3r 2 )∆r
3 3 Fl Fl 2
4 3 ∆l = = (Using (i))
πr YA YV
V V r
∴ − = 3 or − =−
∆V 4 ∆V 3 ∆ r Dl ∝ l2
π 3r 2 ∆r
3 Hence, the graph between Dl and l2 is a straight line.

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 Mechanical Properties of Solids 79

9. (c) : Young’s modulus, 100 cm

FL 4 FL 4 FL In (d) L = = 10 × 103 cm−1
2 2
Y= =
2
or ∆L = D (0.1 cm)
A∆L πD ∆L πD2Y Hence, DL is maximum in (c).
where F is the force applied, L is the length, D is the FL 4 FL
10. (b) : As Y = =
diameter and DL is the extension of the wire respectively. A∆L πD2 ∆L
As each wire is made up of same material therefore their 4 FL
∆L =
Young’s modulus is same for each wire. πD2Y
For all the four wires, Y, F (= tension) are the same. ∆LS FS LS DC2 YC
∴ =
L ∆LC FC LC DS2 YS
∴ ∆L ∝ Steel
D2 where subscripts S and C refer to copper
200 cm and steel respectively.
In (a) L = = 5 × 103 cm−1 Here, FS = (5m + 2m)g = 7mg Copper
2
D (0.2 cm)2
FC = 5mg
300 cm
In (b) L = = 3.3 × 103 cm−1 LS D Y
D 2
(0.3 cm)2 = q , S = p, S = s
LC DC YC
50 cm
In (c) L = = 20 × 103 cm−1
2
∆LS  7mg   1   1  7q
2 2 ∴ = (q)  =
D (0.05 cm) ∆LC  5mg   p   s  5 p2 s

vvv

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