Xzyle Einders Cataraja

Grade 11-Kepler

SAMPLING and
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
Q3M5 (STAT. & PROB.)

ACTIVITY 6
1) Given: 𝝁 = 60, 𝝈 = 5, 𝒏 = 16
Find: mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of
the sample means
a) Mean of SDSM (𝜇𝑥̄ )
• 𝝁𝒙̄ = 𝜇 = 𝟔𝟎
b) Standard Deviation of SDSM (𝜎𝑥̄ )
𝜎 5
• 𝝈𝒙̄ = = = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
√ 𝑛 √16
Answer: The sampling distribution is approximately normally
distributed with mean 60 and standard deviation 1.25.

2) Given: 𝝁 = 68 in, 𝝈 = 3 in, 𝑵 = 80, 𝒏 = 25

Find: expected mean and standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the means
a) Mean of SDSM (𝜇𝑥̄ )
• 𝝁𝒙̄ = 𝜇 = 𝟔𝟖 in
b) Standard Deviation of SDSM (𝜎𝑥̄ )
• Since the population is finite and the sampling is without
replacement, with sample size 𝑛 ≤ 𝑁 but greater than 5% of
the population, the formula for the 𝜎𝑥̄ includes the finite
population correction (FPC):
 𝜎 𝑁−𝑛 3 80−25
𝝈𝒙̄ = ∙ √𝑁−1 = ∙ √ 80−1 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝐢𝐧
√ 𝑛 √ 25
Answer: The sampling distribution has an expected mean of 68 in
and a standard deviation of 0.5 in.

ACTIVITY 7
Given: 𝝁 = 48 hrs, 𝝈 = 12 hrs
1) Given: 𝒏 = 100
Find: probability that the children in Cabancalan ES watch an average of:
a) 45 hours to 50 hours
• 𝑥 = between 45 − 50 hrs (45 < 𝑥 < 50)
• 𝜇𝑥̄ = 𝜇 = 48
𝜎 12
• 𝜎𝑥̄ = = = 1.2
𝑛
√ √100
𝑥̄−𝜇𝑥̄ 45−48 −3
• 𝑧1 = = = 1.2 = −2.5
𝜎𝑥̄ 1.2
𝑥̄−𝜇𝑥̄ 50−48 2
• 𝑧2 = = = = 1.67
𝜎𝑥̄ 1.2 1.2

• P(𝟒𝟓 < 𝒙̄ < 𝟓𝟎) = P(𝑧1 < 𝑍 < 𝑧2 )

= P(−2.5 < 𝑍 < 1.67)
= P(𝑍 < 1.67) − P(𝑍 < −2.5)
= 0.9525 − 0.0062
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟔𝟑

b) more than 52 hours

• 𝑥 = greater than 52 hrs (𝑥 > 52)
• 𝜇𝑥̄ = 𝜇 = 48
𝜎 12
• 𝜎𝑥̄ = 𝑛 = 100 = 1.2
√ √
𝑥̄−𝜇𝑥̄ 52−48 4
• 𝑧= = = 1.2 = 3.33
𝜎𝑥̄ 1.2
 • P(𝒙̄ > 𝟓𝟐) = P(𝑍 > 𝑧)
= P(𝑍 > 3.33)
= 1 − P(𝑍 < 3.33)
= 1 − 0.9996
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒
c) below 46 hours
• 𝑥 = less than 46 hrs (𝑥 < 46)
• 𝜇𝑥̄ = 𝜇 = 48
𝜎 12
• 𝜎𝑥̄ = = = 1.2
√𝑛 √100
𝑥̄−𝜇𝑥̄ 46−48 −2
• 𝑧= = = 1.2 = −1.67
𝜎𝑥̄ 1.2

• P(𝒙̄ < 𝟒𝟔) = P(𝑍 < 𝑧)

= P(𝑍 < −1.67)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟕𝟓
2) Given: 𝒏 = 150
Find: probability that the children in Cabancalan ES watch an average of:
a) 45 hours to 50 hours
• 𝑥 = between 45 − 50 hrs (45 < 𝑥 < 50)
• 𝜇𝑥̄ = 𝜇 = 48
𝜎 12
• 𝜎𝑥̄ = = ≈ 0.98
𝑛
√ √150
𝑥̄−𝜇𝑥̄ 45−48 −3
• 𝑧1 = = = 0.98 = −3.06
𝜎𝑥̄ 0.98
𝑥̄−𝜇𝑥̄ 50−48 2
• 𝑧2 = = = 0.98 = 2.04
𝜎𝑥̄ 0.98

• P(𝟒𝟓 < 𝒙̄ < 𝟓𝟎) = P(𝑧1 < 𝑍 < 𝑧2 )

= P(−3.06 < 𝑍 < 2.04)
= P(𝑍 < 2.04) − P(𝑍 < −3.06)
= 0.9793 − 0.0011
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟖𝟐
b) more than 49 hours
• 𝑥 = greater than 49 hrs (𝑥 > 49)
• 𝜇𝑥̄ = 𝜇 = 48
𝜎 12
• 𝜎𝑥̄ = 𝑛 = 150 ≈ 0.98
√ √
𝑥̄−𝜇𝑥̄ 49−48 1
• 𝑧= = = 0.98 = 1.02
𝜎𝑥̄ 0.98

• P(𝒙̄ > 𝟒𝟗) = P(𝑍 > 𝑧)

= P(𝑍 > 1.02)
= 1 − P(𝑍 < 1.02)
= 1 − 0.8461
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟗
c) below 46 hours
• 𝑥 = less than 46 hrs (𝑥 < 46)
• 𝜇𝑥̄ = 𝜇 = 48
𝜎 12
• 𝜎𝑥̄ = 𝑛 = 150 ≈ 0.98
√ √
𝑥̄−𝜇𝑥̄ 46−48 −2
• 𝑧= = = 0.98 = −2.04
𝜎𝑥̄ 0.98

• P(𝒙̄ < 𝟒𝟔) = P(𝑍 < 𝑧)

= P(𝑍 < −2.04)
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟕
TRANSFER Your Understanding

Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a

larger population. While sampling may mostly be associated with varied
applications in statistics and research, we are unconsciously applying it in
everyday life as well, like how we buy fruits and test whether they taste good
or not, or even when we play card games. During school meetings and events,
each class needs (a) representative(s) and one or a few of the students get
selected, most likely the class officers or the talented students, and this, in fact,
is an application of sampling. On a larger scale, sampling is a crucial process in
statistics, business, and research. It is one of the most important factors which
determines the accuracy of a survey or research as it plays a very important
role in reducing cost, improving accuracy, creating more scope, and achieving
greater speed, all while coinciding with the target population. Sampling may be
used in estimating the outcome of election polls, gathering opinions of
individuals on a certain topic or issue, testing the efficacy or effectiveness of a
product or item, and even in the conduct of research studies.

Moreover, data gathered from sampling can be used to create

sampling distributions, wherein its primary purpose is to establish
representative results of small samples of a comparatively larger population.
Sampling distributions are important for inferential statistics, a branch of
statistics which estimate parameters of the population distribution to make
inferences about the overall population. This can be helpful when dealing with
a finitely large population. For example, a university having a large population
would like to know the average GWA of its students. Instead of assessing each
student’s GWA, samples of students from each class could be chosen to
represent the class GWA mean, which could then be used to create a sampling
distribution of all the means gathered from each class. Through it, we can infer
an estimation of the average GWA of the entire university population, as well
as identify how spread apart the different class GWA means are and how
frequent they might appear in the distribution. The same process can be
applied with identifying average nutritional status (BMI) of learners, monthly
income and expenditure of families, daily weather temperature, and other
discrete/continuous variables whose data can be inferred through sampling.