DRUG INFORMATION

RESOURCES AND
LITERATURE
SEARCH STRATEGIES
Divya Desai, PharmD
Regulatory Pharmaceutical Fellow in Drug Information
Purdue University | Eli Lilly and Company | FDA
September 10, 2021
 Identify and Identify and find available drug
find information resources

Differentiate between primary, secondary,

OBJECTIVES Differentiate
and tertiary literature

Select and utilize appropriate drug

Select and
information references based on DI
utilize
request
DRUG INFORMATION SETTINGS
FORMAL INFORMAL

Hospital pharmacies Gym

Community pharmacies Dinner table

Ambulatory Clinics Places of worship

Managed Care Off-duty

Pharmaceutical Industry Anywhere friends/family/coworkers

can reach you
Public Health
FINDING RESOURCES
• General Purdue Library
• https://www.lib.purdue.edu/
• Library of Engineering and Science
FINDING
RESOURCES
Subject Guides:
Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Sciences
• https://www.lib.purdue.edu/libraries/engsci/rese
arch-help/pnhs
FINDING RESOURCES
• Drug information databases
• Lexicomp, Micromedex, Natural Medicines, etc.
• Evidence-based practice → PubMed
FINDING RESOURCES
FINDING RESOURCES
FINDING RESOURCES
FINDING RESOURCES
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
TEXTBOOK ACCESS
• E-text (Access Pharmacy, Lipincott Health Library)
• https://www.pharmacy.purdue.edu
• Current students → Health Library Access → Log In
• Textbook access through Access Pharmacy (DiPiro, Drug Information Textbook)
TEXTBOOK ACCESS
 Type of request

• Patient-specific
CONSIDERATIONS • Broad request
• Recent news
FOR DRUG
Identity of requestor
INFORMATION
• Pharmacist
REQUESTS • Physician
• Nurse
• Patient

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 SELECTING REFERENCES

TERTIARY SECONDARY PRIMARY APPROPRIATE

LITERATURE LITERATURE LITERATURE REFERENCES

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 TERTIARY
RESOURCES
• Information that has been summarized
to provide an overview of a topic
• Examples
• Textbooks
• Compendia
• Guidelines
• Review articles
• Internet websites

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 TERTIARY RESOURCES
Benefits

• Comprehensive information from a variety

of sources
• Citations to primary and secondary sources
• Fast, easy to use

Limitations

• Older, less current information

• Not sure if authors looked at the "right
sources"
• Bias/lack of expertise

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 SECONDARY
RESOURCES
• Databases that can be used to find primary or
tertiary resources via indexing or
abstracting
• Indexing: Providing citation information
• Abstracting: Providing the citation and a
brief description (abstract)
• Examples
• PubMed
• Cochrane Library
• Google Scholar
• IPA
• EMBASE

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 SECONDARY RESOURCES
Benefits

• Easily accessible
• Directs to primary literature

Limitations

• Index terms
• Varying search terminology
• Cost

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 SECONDARY RESOURCES
• Search terminology
• Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• United States Adopted Name (USAN)
• International Classification of Disease (ICD)
• Additional search tools
• Limits
• Filters
• Boolean Operators
• Ex: deep vein thrombosis AND
(rivaroxaban OR apixaban) NOT pulmonary
embolism

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 PRIMARY
RESOURCES
• Clinical research studies and reports
(published or unpublished)
• Examples:
• Controlled trials
• Cohort studies
• Case series
• Case reports

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 PRIMARY RESOURCES
Benefits

• Detailed information regarding methods

• **Can personally assess quality of information**
• Contains most recent information

Limitations

• Potentially misleading conclusions

• Requires skilled expertise in literature evaluation
• Time intensive

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
DRUG INFORMATION
CATEGORIES
 CATEGORIZING QUESTIONS
Adverse Effects Identification

Availability Nomenclature

Compatibility/Stability Pharmacokinetics

Compounding General Drug Information

Dosing/Administration Poisoning/Toxicology

Drug Interactions Pregnancy/Lactation

Herbal Therapeutic Use

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 GENERAL DRUG INFORMATION
• American Hospital Formulary Service
(AHFS) Drug Information
• Facts and Comparisons
• Lexicomp
• Micromedex
• Physicians’ Desk Reference
• Pharmacist’s Letter
• National Library of Medicine (NLM)
• Package inserts
(DailyMed) https://dailymed.nlm.nih.g
ov/dailymed/

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for
pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
GENERAL DRUG INFORMATION
 ADVERSE EVENTS
"How common is newly diagnosed hyperlipidemia in patients taking
denosumab?"
Drug-Induced
General drug Diseases: Prevention,
Package inserts
information references Detection, and
Management

FDAble
• Medications (MedWatch,
Meyler’s Side Effect of FAERS, AERS)
Drugs • Medical Devices (MAUDE)
• Vaccines (VAERS)

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 DISEASE INFORMATION
"What is hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis?"

Dipiro’s Harrison’s
Pharmacotherap Merck Manual Principles of
y Internal Medicine

Goldman-Cecil CDC: diseases

UpToDate
Medicine and conditions

Dynamed Epocrates

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 COMPOUNDING
Remington’s The
Trissel’s Stability of
Science and
Compounded
Practice of
Formulations
Pharmacy

Allen’s
Compounded Merck Index
Formulations

United States International

Pharmacopeia Journal of
National Formulary Pharmaceutical
(USP-NF) Compounding

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 DRUG INTERACTIONS
Drug interaction tool on Micromedex
and Lexicomp

Package Insert

Stockley’s Drug Interactions

Hansten and Horns Drug Interaction

Analysis and Management

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 PEDIATRIC
"Can IV levocarnitine be given orally to a pediatric
patient?"

The Teddy Bear

Nelson’s Textbook The Harriet Lane
Book - Pediatric
of Pediatrics Handbook
Injectable Drugs

American
Pediatric and
Academy of
Neonatal Dosage Neofax
Pediatrics Red
Handbook
Book

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 GERIATRICS

Merck Geratric
Manual of Dosage
Geriatrics Handbook

American
Geriatric
Society

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 COMPATIBILITY/STABILITY
ASHP Injectable King's Guide to
Drug Information Parenteral
(Trissel's) Admixtures

Trissel’s 2
Trissel’s Stability
Clinical
of Compounded
Pharmaceutics
Formulations
Database

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 OVER-THE-COUNTER

Handbook of Nonprescription
Nonprescription Product
Drugs Therapeutics

"Can I use this for my foot fungus?"

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
Briggs’ Drugs in Catalog of Drugs for
Pregnancy and Teratogenic REPROTOX Pregnant and
Lactation Agents - TERIS Lactating Women

Hale’s CDC:
Medications and NLM LactMed Medications and
Mothers’ Milk Pregnancy

LactMed Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501922/

CDC Medications and Pregnancy Link: https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/meds/treatingfortwo/treatment-
guidelines.html

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 DRUG IDENTIFICATION

Ident-A- Micromedex
Drug (identidex)

Lexi-DrugID Drugs.com

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AND NATURAL PRODUCTS
Dietary
Review of
Supplement Natural
Natural
Label Medicines
Products
Database

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 REGULATORY
• Red book (Micromedex)– drug pricing
• Purple book (https://purplebooksearch.fda.gov/)
• Approved biologic products and interchangeable biosimilars
• Orange book (https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/ob/index.cfm)
• Approved drug products and therapeutic equivalence
• Green book (https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/products/approved-animal-drug-
products-green-book)
• Approved animal drug product list

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 PHARMACOKINETICS/PHARMACODYNAMICS

Applied
Biopharmaceutics Applied Clinical
and Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics

Concepts in
Lexicomp and
Clinical
Micromedex
Pharmacokinetics

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 PHARMACOLOGY
Basic and
Goodman Clinical
and Gillman’s Pharmacolog
y
Brody’s
Principles of
Human
Pharmacolog
Pharmacolog
y
y

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 TOXICOLOGY
Casaret and
Goldfrank’s
Doull’s: The Basic
Toxicologic Lexi-Tox
Science of
Emergencies
Poisons

Poison and ToxFacts

Toxicology Treatment TOXNET
Handbook Guidelines

National Poison
Control Center

1-800-222-
1222
Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
 PHARMACY LAW
Pharmacy
Practice and
Law

Individual
State Boards
of
Pharmacies

Shields KM, Park SK. Drug Information Resources. In: Drug Information: A guide for pharmacists. 6th ed. Malone PM, Malone MJ, Park SK, eds. NewYork: McGraw Hill; 2018.
QUESTIONS?