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Completing Sentence Rules
Completing Sentence Rules
Too ---- to অথবা Enough ---- to A. He has too much money to purchase
anything anytime.
Rule 01: Too —— to অথবা enough ——- to
ব্যবহার করে simple sentence গঠন করা হয়। মনে Q. At times it creates too many problems for me
রাখতে হবে যে, adjective বা adverb-এর পূর্বে too বসে - --------.
এবং পরে enough বসে। তাছাড়া noun-এর পূর্বে too
much/too many/enough বসে। এদের structure ও A. At times it creates too many problems for me
উদাহরণ নিচে দেওয়া হলোঃ to solve.
A. He works too slowly to complete in time. A. Their throats were so dry that they couldn’t
speak.
Q. It is too interesting a matter for us ————-.
Q. He is so expert that ————-.
A. It is too interesting a matter for us to
overlook. A. He is so expert that he can solve it easily.
Rule 03: So that অথবা in order that ব্যবহার করে Rule 04: Provided/provided that/providing
complex sentence গঠন করা হয়। মনে রাখতে হবে যে, that/if/whether /in case এর অর্থ যদি। এটি ব্যবহার
that-এর পরের clause-টিতে মূল verb-এর base করে complex sentence গঠন করা হয়। মনে রাখতে
form-এর পূর্বে tense ও অর্থ অনুযায়ী হবে যে, এদের পরে একটি clause বসিয়ে sentence-টি
can/could/may/might/will বসে। উল্লেখ্য যে, নিশ্চিত complete করতে হবে। এর structure ও উদাহরণ নিচে
অর্থে can/could এবং সম্ভাবনা অর্থে may/might দেওয়া হলোঃ
বসে। এর structure ও উদাহরণ নিচে দেওয়া হলোঃ
a) Sub1 + verb ——- + provided / provided
a) Sub1 + verb ——- + so that / in order that + that / providing that / if / whether / in case +
sub2 + can /could / may / might / will + verb-এর sub2 + verb + অন্যান্য
base form + অন্যান্য
Q. She will shine in life provided that ————-.
Q. The girl read attentively so that ————.
A. She will shine in life provided that she works
A. The girl read attentively so that she could hard.
pass.
Q. The plane will take off provided ————-.
Q. We eat so that —————.
A. The plane will take off provided the weather
A. We eat so that we may live. ( সম্ভাবনা অর্থে ) is good.
Q. The lady flattered John so that ————-. Q. I must agree to go providing that ————.
A. The lady flattered John so that she could A. I must agree to go providing that my
exploit him. expenses are paid.
Q. ——————- that they may get harvest. Q. ——————— if circumstances favour us.
A. The farmers sow seeds that they may get A. We’ll start our programme if circumstances
harvest. favour us.
Q. I closed the door so that he ————. Q. I’ve bought a chicken in case ————-.
A. I closed the door so that he might not enter A. I’ve bought a chicken in case her sister stays
the room. to lunch.
Q. I’m not sure whether/if ————-. Q. We must take care lest ---------.
A. I’m not sure whether/if I’ll have time. A. We must take care lest evil thoughts enter
our hearts.
Q. Let’s buy a bottle of wine in case ————-.
Q. We must take immediate action lest, --------.
A. Let’s buy a bottle of wine in case Roger
comes. A. We must take immediate action lest, it grow
worse.
Q. He hid in the woods lest ----------.
Lest ---- should অথবা In case --- should
A. He hid in the woods lest the soldiers would
Rule 05: Lest অথবা in case শব্দের অর্থ পাছে ভয় হয় find him.
যে (for fear that) / যদি ঘটে (by chance)। যেহেতু এটি
negative অর্থ প্রদান করে তাই lest বা in case দ্বারা যে Q. ------------ you should miss the train.
clause- টি আরম্ভ হয় তাতে no বা not বসে না। মনে
A. Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
রাখতে হবে যে, lest অথবা in case- এর পরের clause
টিতে মূল verb- এর base form – এর পূর্বে অর্থ
অনুযায়ী should (ক্ষেত্রবিশেষে might/would) বসে।
তবে ক্ষেত্রবিশেষে এবং subjunctive mood- এর ক্ষেত্রে Unless / If not / Except if
should / might / would বসে না। এর structure ও
Rule 06: Unless / if not / except if শব্দের অর্থ যদি
উদাহরণ নিচে দেওয়া হলোঃ
না। যেহেতু এটি negative অর্থ প্রদান করে তাই unless /
a) Sub1 + verb ----- + lest / in case + sub2 + if not / except if দ্বারা যে clause- টি আরম্ভ হয় তাতে
should / might / would + verb-এর base form + অতিরিক্ত no বা not বসে না। মনে রাখতে হবে যে,
অন্যান্য unless / if not / except if – এর পরের clause- টির
আগে বা পরে সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ আরেকটি clause ব্যবহার করে
b) Sub1 + verb ----- + lest / in case + sub2 + verb
sentence- টি complete করতে হবে। এর structure
এর base form + অন্যান্য
ও উদাহরণ নিচে দেওয়া হলো।
a) Unless/Except if + sub1 + affirmative verb ----
Q. I wrote down her address in case ---------. + ,+ sub2 + verb ----.
A. I wrote down her address in case I should b) Sub1 + verb ----- + unless/except if + sub2 +
forget it. affirmative verb ------.
Q. I’ve bought a chicken in case ---------. c) Sub1 + verb ----- + if + sub2 + negative verb---.
A. I’ll take the job unless the pay is too low. A. Await me till I do not come back.
Q. My wife will be upset if -------. Q. His mother will be nursing him until -------.
A. My wife will be upset if I don’t get back A. His mother will be nursing him until he comes
tomorrow. round.
A. If I do not study properly, my father will be A. My wife will wait till I do not telephone.
angry.
Q. ---------- until / till I hear from you.
Q. I’ll be back tomorrow except if --------.
A. I’ll wait until / till I hear from you.
A. I’ll be back tomorrow except if there’s a
Q. OK, then, I won’t expect you until / till -------.
plane strike.
A. Allah will be with us so long as our aim is A. It’s high time they changed their eating
honest. habits.
A. Shania worked as long as she could. A. It’s time we earned our livelihood.
Rule 09: It is time / It is high time এর পরে Rule 10: Let alone এর অর্থ হলো “ভাবা যায় না”, “এ
infinitive phrase কিংবা past indefinite tense-এর কথা বলা নিঃপ্রয়োজন”, “তো দূরের কথা” অথবা “তা
clause উভয়ই ব্যবহার করা যায়। তবে কোন কাজ করার আর এমনকি” ইত্যাদি। Let alone দ্বারা সাধারনত
সঠিক সময় হয়েছে বুঝাতে infinitive phrase বসে এবং negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলেও ক্ষেত্রবিশেষে
কোন কাজ করার সঠিক সময় ইতোমধ্যে পার হয়ে গেছে affirmative অর্থও প্রকাশ করতে পারে। Let alone-এর
তাই বিলম্ব না করে এ মুহূর্তে ই কাজটি শুরু করা উচিত structure ও উদাহরণ নিচে দেওয়া হলো।
বুঝানোর জন্য past indefinite tense-এর clause
ব্যবহার করতে হয়। উল্লেখ্য যে, এ ধরনের sentence দ্বারা a) Sub + negative verb + তু লনামূলক ছোট বস্তু +
present tense-এর অর্থ প্রকাশ পায়। It is time এর কমা ( , ) + let alone + তু লনামূলক বড় বস্তু ।
পরিবর্তে It is high time ব্যবহার করলে বেশি জোর /
b) Sub + affirmative verb + তু লনামূলক বড় বস্তু +
গুরুত্ত্ব বুঝায়। It is time / It is high time এর
কমা ( , ) + let alone + তু লনামূলক ছোট বস্তু।
structure ও উদাহরণ নিচে দেওয়া হলো।
a) It is time / It is high time + (for + object)+ to +
verb-এর base form + অন্যান্য Q. He can’t swim one kilometre, let alone
--------.
b) It is time / It is high time + sub2 + verb- এর
past form + অন্যান্য A. He can’t swim one kilometre, let alone ten
kilometres.
Q. She cannot visit a small town, let alone -------.
Q. It is time to --------.
A. She cannot visit a small town, let alone a big
A. It is time to start the work.
city.
Q. It is high time for us to --------.
Q. -----------, let alone one shirt.
A. I can purchase ten shirts, let alone one shirt. A. Had I the wings of a bird!
Q. Lisa may get first division, let --------. Q. ------- I were a king.
A. Lisa may get first division, let alone third A. I wish I were a king.
division.
Q. I desire he -------.
Q. I’ve not decided on the menu yet, let
A. I desire he were alive today.
alone----.
A. I’ve not decided on the menu yet, let alone Q. If only I ------!
an ice cream. A. If only I knew more people!
Q. I wish it --------.
Would that / If / Had / I wish / I desire A. I wish it were Saturday.
Rule 11: Would that / If / Had / I wish / I desire
ইত্যাদি কোন sentence-এর শুরুতে বসে অসম্ভব ইচ্ছা,
আকাঙ্ক্ষা প্রকাশ করে। এ ধরনের sentence-কে past If/Had ......... would/could/might/should
unreal fact / subjunctive past tense বলা হয়। এর
Rule 12: If / Had ইত্যাদি দ্বারা গঠিত sentence এ দুটি
গঠন past simple tense এর হলেও তা present
clause থাকলে সেক্ষেত্রে অপর clause-টিতে would /
কিংবা future tense-এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। উল্লেখ্য যে,
could / might / should ব্যবহার করতে হয়। উল্লেখ্য যে,
এ ধরনের sentence-এ verb হিসেবে be verb ব্যবহৃত
এ ধরনের sentence-এ একটি clause past simple
হলে সেক্ষেত্রে সর্ব্দা were বসে। Would that / If / Had
tense-এর হলে অপর clause টিও past simple
/ I wish / I desire-এর structure ও উদাহরণ নিচে
tense-এর হবে এবং একটি clause past perfect
দেওয়া হলো।
tense-এর হলে অপর clause টিও past perfect
a) Would that / If + sub + verb-এর past form + tense-এর হবে। আবার, past simple tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে
অন্যান্য + ! verb হিসেবে be verb ব্যবহৃত হলে সেক্ষেত্রে সর্ব্দা were
বসে। If / Had Gi structure ও উদাহরণ নিচে দেওয়া
b) Had + sub + object + অন্যান্য + ! হলো।
c) I wish / I desire + sub + verb-এর past form + a) If + sub1 + verb-এর past form + অন্যান্য + , +
অন্যান্য + . sub2 + would / could / might / should + verb-এর
base form + অন্যান্য
A. She refused the request that the prerequisite A. I believe my students sincere. (OR, to be
be waved. sincere.)
Rule 14: কোন sentence-এ verb হিসেবে feel, Q. We assumed her to be -------.
suppose, imagine, report, discover, know,
A. We assumed her to be innocent.
judge, assume, consider, find, think, believe,
declare, prove ইত্যাদি থাকলে এদের পরের অংশ to Q. They discovered the guard --------.
be + adjective / noun বসিয়ে কিংবা শুধু adjective /
noun বসিয়ে sentence-টিকে complete করা যায়। A. They discovered the guard to be faithful.
উল্লেখ্য যে, এ ধরনের sentence-এ কখনো কখনো to
Q. We felt the decision to --------.
be + noun এর পরিবর্তে to be + noun phrase ও বস্তে
পারে। এ ধরনের sentence এর structure ও উদাহরণ A. We felt the decision to be wise.
নিচে দেওয়া হলো।
Q. The chief guest declared the sports ---------.
a) Subject + উক্ত verb + object + to be +
adjective / noun A. The chief guest declared the sports open.
A. Khan Jahan Ali was regarded as a pious man. Q. 10:00 A.M. is the time --------.
Q. ------------ Mir Jafar as treacherous. A. 10:00 A.M. is the time when I go to office.
A. People condemn Mir Jafar as treacherous. Q. A railway station is the place -------.
Q. Nobody can accept her as --------. A. A railway station is the place where trains
stop.
A. Nobody can accept her as his well-wisher.
Q. 1971 is the year -------.
Q. I took him ---------.
A. 1971 is the year when Bangladesh became
A. I took him for my friend. (take এর সাথে as এর independent.
পরিবর্তে for বসে)
Q. ------------ where UNESCO Headquarter is.
Q. Sher-e-Bangla’s contribution is
acknowledged as ------. A. Paris is the city where UNESCO Headquarter
is.
A. Sher-e-Bangla’s contribution is acknowledged
as great. Q. Saturday is the day --------.
Q. Everybody recognised him --------. A. Saturday is the day when the week begins.
A. Everybody recognised him as the lawful heir. Q. Dhaka is the place where --------.
Rule 17: Scarcely had ------ when, Hardly had --- Q. No sooner had I got to the station -------.
--when এবং No sooner had ------ than দ্বারা
সাধারনত past perfect tense গঠিত হয়। যেহেতু এ A. No sooner had I got to the station than the
train left.
ধরনের sentence দ্বারা negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে
সেহেতু এতে no, not, never ইত্যাদি বসে না। এ ধরনের Q. ------------ when it went out of sight.
sentence-এর when বা than এর পূর্বের অংশে থাকে
past perfect tense এবং পরের অংশে থাকে past A. Hardly had he looked at it when it went out
indefinite tense. উল্লেখ্য যে, এরূপ negative-বোধক of sight.
শব্দ (যেমন- no sooner, scarcely, hardly, a little,
barely, never, nor, rarely, neither ইত্যাদি) দিয়ে
কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেক্ষেত্রে auxiliary verb-টি Verb + ing ব্যবহারের নিয়ম
(সাধারনত had) subject-এর পূর্বে বসে। এ ধরনের
sentence-এর structure ও উদাহরণ নিচে দেওয়া Rule 18: কোন sentence-এ admit, agree,
হলো। appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay,
deny, discuss, enjoy, finish, keep, mention,
a) Scarcely + had + sub1 + verb-Gi past participle mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall,
form---- + when + sub2 + verb-Gi past form-----. recommend, regret, report, resent, resist,
b) Hardly + had + sub1 + verb-Gi past participle resume, risk, start, stop, suggest, tolerate, can’t
form---- + when + sub2 + verb-Gi past form-----. help, couldn’t help ইত্যাদি verb-এর পরে কিংবা
preposition (যেমন- at, on, out, up, in, about,
c) No sooner + had + sub1 + verb-Gi past over, under, for, from, of, off, by, without,
participle form---- + than + sub2 + verb-Gi past except, besides, through, after, before, while
form-----. ইত্যাদি)-এর পরে অথবা object to, look forward to,
confess to, accustomed to, get used to, be used
to, committed to, with a view to ইত্যাদি verb
Q. Scarcely had I reached the station --------. phrase-এর পরে সাধেরনত “verb+ing+ আনুসাংগিক
শব্দ” বসে। তবে ক্ষেত্রবিশেষে verb+ing…-এর পরিবর্তে
A. Scarcely had I reached the station when the noun / noun phrase / pronoun- ও বসতে পারে।
train left. যেমন-
A. Hardly had the police reached there when he Q. She is considering ____.
ran away.
A. She is considering not attending the party.
Q. Hardly had we reached college -------.
Q. John missed _____ when he was travelling.
A. Hardly had we reached college when the
exam began. A. John missed watching the news when he was
travelling.
Q. ------------ than it began to rain.
Q. Would you mind ______?
A. Would you mind picking up the load, please? Q. He talks to me as though ------------.
A. They have stopped smoking due to its bad Q. She proceeded as if --------.
effects.
A. She proceeded as if I had not spoken
Q. The man forgot about _____. anything.
A. The man forgot about cancelling his Q. Mr. Javed behaves as if --------.
appointment.
A. Mr. Javed behaves as if he were all in all in
Q. ----------- to receiving a letter from you. this office.
A. She is looking forward to receiving a letter Q. He submitted the form quickly as if --------.
from you.
A. He submitted the form quickly as if it had
Q. I got used to ----------. been the last.
A. I got used to bathing in the river daily. Q. ---------- as though she informed the police.
Q. ----------- to purchasing a book. A. The girl talks as though she informed the
police.
A. She went to market with a view to
purchasing a book.
A. The lady could not help shedding her tears. Rule 20: Subject-এর ঠিক পরেই together with,
along with, accompanied by, as well as, with,
including ইত্যাদি থাকলে এদের পূর্বের অংশটিকেই
As though / As if ব্যবহারের নিয়ম Subject হিসাবে ধরা হয়। বিধায় পূর্বাংশের এর Subject-
টি Singular হলে Verb-ও Singular হবে এবং Subject-
Rule 19: কোন Sentence-এ as though / as if টি Plural হলে Verb-ও Plural হবে। যেমন-
থাকলে এবং এর পূর্বে present indefinite / present
perfect tense থাকলে পরে past indefinite tense
হবে, আবার পূর্বে past indefinite tense থাকলে পরে Q. The singer, along with his parents, manager
past perfect tense হবে। যেমন- and some friends, ------------.
a) Present indefinite / perfect tense + as though A. The singer, along with his parents, manager
/ as if + past indefinite tense. and some friends, is going to the party.
b) Past indefinite tense + as though / as if + past Q. ------------ colleagues, am going to enjoy the
perfect tense. match.
A. I, with my friends, teachers and other Q. Laila helps him do the laundry, and so -----
colleagues, am going to enjoy the match. her sister.
Q. ----------- friends has done the work. A. Laila helps him do the laundry, and so does
her sister.
A. Samir as well as his friends has done the
work. Q. ----------- watching TV, and so does his
brother.
Q. Rudra, accompanied by her wife, three
children and some near and dear ones, A. Joni enjoys watching TV, and so does his
------------. brother.
Q. ------------, and John did not either. Past Indicating Words দিয়ে Sentence
Q. After graduating from Dhaka College, ---------. Q. In those days there -------- ships.
A. After graduating from Dhaka College, Mr. A. In those days there were no steam ships.
Shahed continued his studies at IBA of Dhaka Q. ----------- before I joined the company.
University.
A. I had completed the thesis before I joined the
Q. To protect ourselves from cold, ------------. company.
A. To protect ourselves from cold, we wear
warm clothes.
Since-এর ব্যবহার
Q. After finishing her speech, -----------.
Rule 25: Since-এর পূর্বে present indefinite /
A. After finishing her speech, she invited the present perfect থাকলে পরে past indefinite হবে;
audience to ask questions.
আবার since-এর পূর্বে past indefinite থাকলে পরে A. Sabuj not only studies attentively but also
past perfect হবে। যেমন- takes physical exercise regularly.