Review and questions of chapter 17:

1 . Why should the system users be involved in the process of designing user interfaces? To find out what the users like and dislike in their current applications. 2. Who are expert users? Why are they called expert? An expert user is an experienced computer user who will spend considerable time using specific application programs. The use of a computer is usually considered nondiscretionary. 3. Why can some user interfaces cause users to feel confused, panicky, or frustrated? a. Excessive use of computer jargon and Acronyms. b. No obvious or less-than-intuitive design. c. Inability to distinguish between alternative Actions ("What do I do next?"). d. Inconsistent problem-solving approaches. e. Design inconsistency. 4. What does it mean to test the system on actual users? It means to observe and listen in this iteration, in another word in this iteration we have to test the system on actual users and do not force them to learn the system, instead try to observe their actions and mistakes and listen to their comments and questions to better understand their interaction with the user interface. 5. What should we do to ensure the system users are aware of what to do in the system? Tell user what the system expects right now. Tell user that data has been entered correctly. Tell user that data has not been entered correctly. Explain reason for a delay in processing. Tell user a task was completed or not completed. 6. How should the interfaces handle errors? We must let the error be known, for example a message of dialogue box could read ARE YOU SURE WANT TO DELETE THIS FILE? An ounce of prevention goes along way! Also we have to handle that with respect to the errors as user should not be allowed to proceed without correcting an error. 7. What are some factors that should be considered in terms of the terminology used in computer dialogues? Dont use computer jargon Avoid most abbreviations. - Abbreviations mean that assume that the user understand how to translate them Be consistent in your use of terminology. Carefully phrase instructions. 8 . Why are Web browsers becoming more important when designing applications? Because we want to have the advantages of platform independency in out applications. In this case instead of writing a user interface for each operating system you write it for one or two browsers.

9. Explain paging and scrolling. Paging mean displaying a complete screen of characters at a time, scrolling mean displaying information up or down a screen one line at a time. 10. What should we consider when we design function keys for our applications? Function keys should be used consistently. That is, any information system's programs should consistently use the same function keys for the same purposes. For example, Fl is commonly used as the help key in both operating systems and applications. 11 . Why are pens used in applications? Because such devices frequently don't include keyboards, the user interface may need to be designed to allow "typing" on a keyboard displayed on the screen or using a handwriting standard such as Graffiti or Jot 12. What is the relationship between windows and frames? A window may be divided into zones called frames. Each frame can act independently of the other frames in the same window, using features such as paging, scrolling, display attributes, and color. Each frame can be defined to serve a different purpose. 13. What are characteristics of a pop-up menu? A pop-up menu is context-sensitive and dependent on a pointing device. Activated by the user's clicking of the right mouse button, a menu pops up from nowhere 1 4 . What are steps of the user interface design process? Step 1: is to chart the dialogue: specific the order and the dimension of the screens which should be appear on the screen. Step 2: prototype the dialogue and user interface. Just in this step we use to prototype all input and output and the overall behaviour of the application. Step 3: is to obtain the user feedback: it means to test the user interface we designed with different user and collect them the feedback about the interface. 1 5 . what is the tool used to facilitate the charting of the dialogue? State transition diagram (STD) is a tool which is used to facilitate the charting of the dialogue.

Problem and exercises:

5: a . Different action verbs should be used in screen dialogue to describe required keyboard actions in order to add variety and interest. FALSE stand b. Most managers are expert users, because they need a high level of PC expertise in order to manage effectively. TRUE // they should be simple and easy to under

c. Organizations should expect that expert designers, who come highly recommended and who are at the top of their pay scale, will need to refine and modify their user interface designs several times before the result will be satisfactory to the organization. TRUE

d. Windows user interface design often borrows from Web interface styles and techniques. FALSE

// it is exactly opposite

e. Applications need only one type of help menu or dialogue. FALSE // they need different types of help f. Users appreciate clever or humorous screen messages. FALSE // it must not be that way g. The process for designing user interfaces is Straightforward and easy to understand TRUE

7. Fill in the blanks for the following statements: a. Some user interfaces use a natural language Syntax that allows users to ask Questions in their native language . b. The third step in user interface design is to look to the steps as part of the whole process until users are satisfied with the design. c. SQL uses syntax which allows end users to the database. d. Good engineering guidelines include ---------------possible user -------------and ------------the user of an action's--------------------before the action is ------------e. One guideline for establishing users' ------------- privileges is to base their privileges upon ----------not--------------8 Match the definitions or examples in the first column with the terms in the second column:

Frequently required multiple level menu navigation An application's overall sequence of screens and messages Full screen approach to display area seen by user at a time Information is moved up or down one line at a time Computer expertise in multiple related fields of study Windows screen employing artistic Web-like "face" Independent zones within a window User interfaces that are not dependent upon a specific OS Graphic tool used to show screen variation and sequence Software to display main frame screen format in a window Command language interface meaningful to use Functionality based upon business-to consumer Transactions Pictorial representation of menu option in main window body

Trashing dialogue paging

scrolling informatics Consumer-style interface Frame Platform independent State transition diagram Terminal emulators Mnemonic syntax B2C

Iconic menu