Experiment No.

: 4
LVDT

Student Name: Nayanika Baweja UID: 20BCS5348

Branch: CSE Section/Group: 20BCS20-C
Semester: 2 Date of Performance: 19/03/2021
Subject Name: BEE LAB Subject Code: 21E-20ELP-152

1. Aim: To study working of Linear Variable Differential Transformer / Linear Variable

Displacement Transducer (LVDT).

2. Apparatus:

S.NO Equipment Name Specifications and Quantity in no.

range.
1. LVDT KIT 0-230V,+-10mm 1
2. CRO 0-230V,30 MHz 1
3. CRO Probes ---- 2
3. Circuit Diagram:

4. Steps for experiment:

1. Firstly, OPEN THE SOFTWARE SITE ON THE BROWSER FOR LVDT EXPERIEMNT
2. SELECT the PRIMARY COIL, ARMATURE AND SECONDARY COIL.
3. NOW ENTER THE: NO. OF TURNS, VOLTAGE SOURCE AND FREQUENCY WHICH
4. IS CONSTANT THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENT
5. Here, OUR WHOLE SETUP IS COMPLETE
6. NOW, THIS PHASE THE DISPLACEMENT WILL SHOW 0 mm READING, SO NOW
WE EITHER INCREASE OR DECREASE
7. THE READINGS OF THE DISPLACEMENT; ACCORDING TO WHICH IT WILL SHOW
THE WAVELENGTH THE GRAPH BETWEEN AMPLITUDE AND DISPLACEMENT.
8. WE WILL TAKE 3 POSITIVE AND 3 NEGATIE READINGS AND WE WILL NOTE
DOWN THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE SIMULTANEOUSLY.
9. OUR PROCESS ENDS HERE

5. Circuit:

6. Wavelength:
7. Graph:

The curve for variation of differential output voltage with displacement of core for LVDT is shown
in figure below. The characteristics of LVDT are linear for limited range of displacement (about 5
mm on either side from the null position) and beyond this range, the curve starts flattening out at
both ends. The differential output voltage of LVDT gives the amount of displacement.
8. Calculations/Theorems /Theory used etc.LVDT is an inductive transducer for
translating the linear motion into an electrical signal. It is suitable for use in applications
where displacements are too large ranging from a fraction of mm to few cm. For
example, strain gauge, mechanical displacement greater than 25 mm etc. LVDT is a
differential transformer consisting of one primary winding P and two identical secondary
windings S1 and S2 wound over a hollow bobbin of non-magnetic and insulating material as
shown in Fig. 4.1. The secondary windings S1 and S2 have an equal number of turns which are
arranged concentrically and placed on either side of primary winding P. A soft iron core,
attached to the sensing element of which displacement is to be measured, in the shape of rod
or cylinder slides freely in the hollow portion of the bobbing. The eddy current losses are
reduced by using nickel iron alloy as core material and are slotted longitudinally. Primary
winding is connected to an AC source of voltage varying from 5 – 25 V and frequency varying
from 50 Hz to 20 kHz.

9. Observations/Discussions:

For positive displacement

S.NO Displacement(mm) Output Voltage(mV)

1. 2 mm 34.77
2. 4mm 68.48
3. 6mm 100.10

For negative displacement

S.NO Displacement(mm) Output Voltage(mV)

1. -1 mm 17.45
2. -3 mm 51.82
3. -5 mm 84.62

10. Sources error (if any or applicable):

1.     Internal resistance of LVDT kit.

2.     Residual magnetism of soft iron core in LVDT.

3.     Internal resistance of CRO leads.

4.     Effect of magnetic field surrounding the iron core.

11. Result/Output/Writing Summary:

The voltage amplitude at positive and negative displacement is compared. The graph of
voltage amplitude vs. displacement of LVDT is a linear curve but it makes an intercept on Y –
axis which signifies the concept of residual magnetism

Learning outcomes (What I have learnt):

1. The working of LVDT is understood.

2. The principle upon which it works is MUTUAL INDUCTION.
3. e( not ) = e ( 1 ) – e ( 2 ) .
4. In the LVDT the formulae is due to the reverse connections of S1 and S2.

Evaluation Grid:

Sr. No. Parameters Marks Obtained Maximum Marks

1. Worksheet completion including writing 10
learning objectives/Outcomes.(To be
submitted at the end of the day).
2. Post Lab Quiz Result. 5
3. Student Engagement in 5
Simulation/Demonstration/Performance
and Controls/Pre-Lab Questions.
Signature of Faculty (with Date): Total Marks Obtained: