PARALLEL STRUCTURE

Lecturer :
Rofiq Noorman Haryadi, S.Pd., M.Pd.

Compiled by:

Rahmawati
Nurul Oktapiani
Tresna Panca Desyana

Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi Bisnis Syariah

BINA MANDIRI
2021/2022
 PREFACE
First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer finished writing
the paper entitled "The Use of Methaphore" right in the calculated time.
The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Mr. Rofiq
Noorman Haryadi as lecturer in English Course.
In arranging this paper, the writer trully get lots challenges and obstructions but with
help of many indiviuals, those obstructions could passed. writer also realized there are still
many mistakes in process of writing this paper.
Because of that, the writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in the process
of writing this paper. hopefully allah replies all helps and bless you all.the writer realized tha
this paper still imperfect in arrangment and the content. then the writer hope the criticism
from the readers can help the writer in perfecting the next paper.last but not the least
Hopefully, this paper can helps the readers to gain more knowledge about English Course.
Bogor, 09 Mei 2022
The Writer

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
In daily communication, both in Indonesian and in any language, we will try our best to
convey it in a concise but detailed form. Which we may want to combine several actions or
elements at once in one sentence to be more effective.
That's what we will learn now, you can convey something concisely and in detail by
using a parallel structure, in English it is called Parallel Structure. Parallel construction is
most commonly used in sentences containing elements that appear in a series or in a pair. It is
also applied to headings and outlines in academic writing.
In English grammar, parallelism (also called parallel structure or parallel
construction) is the repetition of the same grammatical form in two or more parts of a
sentence.
Maintaining parallel structure helps you avoid grammatically incorrect sentences and
improves your writing style. Although lack of parallelism is not always strictly incorrect,
sentences with parallel structure are easier to read and add a sense of balance to your writing.

1.2. Questions of the Problems

1. What the definition from Paralel Structure?

2. What the rules for using Paralel Sructure?
3. What the example from Paralel Structure?

1.3. Objectives
1. To know definition from Paralel Structure
2. To know rules for using Paralel Structure
3. To know example from Paralel Structure

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 CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL STUDY
2.1. Definition of Paralel Structure
Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more
ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level.
The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as
"and" or "or."
Parallel structure refers to same word pattern within a sentence by repeating a chosen
grammatical form. It emphasizes on the same level of importance of multiple ideas or
information given in the same sentence.
If there are two or more numbers of information in a sentence, grammatical form of
the first information must be followed to express the remaining ideas. In a parallel structure,
multiple information is usually connected by coordinating conjunctions. A parallel structure
can be constructed in word, phrase or clause level in different sentences.
Parallel structure or parallel construction or parallelism is the equality or suitability of
the structure of elements in a sentence. Elements in a sentence can be in the form of a verb
(verb), adjective (adjective), noun (noun), and adverb (adverb). As discussed above, the
function of a parallel structure is to shorten sentences to make them more effective to listen to
or read

2.2. Rules for using Paralel Structure

The following are the rules for using parallel structures in sentences;
Structure 1
1. Coordinate Conjunction
This one structure is applied to sentence elements that are connected by coordinating
conjunctions such as and, but, or, also, and others.
Example:

1. My dad loves traveling, surfing, and fishing.

2. My mom doesn’t like to travel, to surf, or to fish.

3. The Gucci bag is expensive but luxury.

2. Gerund
If the element in the sentence uses a gerund, then so on must use the gerund as well, if you
use the to infinitive then so on must also use the to infinitive.
Example:
– She likes cooking and dancing
– She likes to cook and to dance

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 3. Preposition
If in a sentence there is an adverb of place that is preceded by a preposition such as in, on, at,
then the preposition can be used in every element of the sentence or only one in the first
element.
Example:
– Could you take my book, please ? It may be on the table, on the bed, or on the
cupboard.
– Could you take my book, please ? It may be on the table, the bed, or the cupboard.

Likewise, if in a sentence there is a noun that begins with a particle such as a, an, the then the
article can be used in every element of the sentence or only one in the first element. See the
example above.

Structure 2
This second structure is applied to sentence elements that are connected by paired
conjunctions where these conjunctions already have their respective pairs, such as:
– both … and …
– either … or …
– neither … nor …
– not … but …
– not only … but also …

Example:
1. I can eat either noodle or pizza.
2. Neither my family nor my neighbors don’t want to get vaccinated.
3. She is not only pretty but also diligent.

Structure 3
This third structure is applied to sentence elements that use comparisons.
Example;
1. The more you try it, the more you understand it
– Semakin kamu mencob, semakin kami mengerti itu.

2. He looks more and more handsome.

– Dia terlihat makin dan makin tampan

3. My smartphone is more expensive than yours.

– Ponsel pintarku lebih mahal daripada punyamu.

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