UTBK & Ujian Mandiri Tes Bhs Inggris 15 Soal: Abnormal Brain Development Abnormal Brain Development

Tes Bahasa Inggris 4 KODE SOAL
UTBK & Ujian Mandiri · Tes Bhs Inggris · 15 Soal RTO-Y4I427Z
1. The question is based on the following text.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a group of highly inheritable behavioral disorders that pose major personal and public health concerns. Patients with ASDs have
mild to severe communication di iculties, repetitive behavior and social challenges. Such disorders significantly challenge an individual's ability to conduct daily
activities and function normally in society. Currently there are very few medication options that effectively treat ASDs.
Recognizing a need to better understand the biology that produces ASD symptoms, scientists at Duke-NUS and NNI, Singapore, have identified a novel mechanism that
potentially links abnormal brain development to the cause of ASDs. This new knowledge will help to improve the diagnosis and development of therapeutic interventions
for ASDs.
The study has shown how one brain-specific microRNA (miR-I28) plays a key role in causing abnormal brain development. MicroRNAs are small molecules that regulate
gene expression in the human body to ensure proper cellular functions. Although it was known that miR-128 is misregulated in some patients with autism, what that
meant and how it functioned was not known.
The research team showed that miR-128 targets a protein called PCM1 that is critical to the cell division of neural precursor cells (NPCs). NPCs during early brain
development have two fates — they either stay as NPCs and undergo self-renewal or become neurons through di erentiation. The dysfunctional regulation of PCM1 by
misregulated miR-128 impairs brain development, which may underlie brain size changes in people with ASDs.
For the first time, the researchers have managed to show that miR-I28 is a mechanism that regulates early neuronal behavior during brain development. They believe
that targeting this mechanism may be the answer to diagnose and treat ASDs that are caused by abnormal brain development.
This important study suggests a link between a key neurological disease gene and regulation of microRNAs in the brain. However, the researchers are just starting to
understand how misregulated miR-128 expression can damage our brain activities. Much more work needs to be done in this area.
( Adapted from: https://www.duke-nus.edu.sginews/explaining-autism-study-identifies-novel-mechanism-causes-abnorrnal-brain-developtnent )
What is the topic of the passage?
a. A new mechanism that could links abnormal brain development to the cause of ASDs
b. A better understanding of biology that produces symptoms of ASD
c. Improving the diagnosis and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders
d. The activities of the joint research team Duke-NUS and NNI Singapore
e. The link between a key neurological disease gene and microRNAs regulation in the brain
Pembahasan
Untuk menentukan topik dari teks tersebut. Perhatikan gagasan utama atau inti pembahasan dari setiap paragraf.
Paragraf pertama membahas pengenalan Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs).
Paragaraf kedua membahas penemuan mekanisme baru yang bisa menghubungkanabnormal brain development dengan penyebab ASDs.
Paragraf ketiga dan keempat membahas tentang peran miRNA-128 dalam menyebabkanabnormal brain development yang berpengaruh terhadap ASDs.
Paragraf kelima membahas penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengatasi ASDs yang merupakan kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya.
Paragraf keenam membahas bahwa perlunya lebih banyak penelitian terkait penyebab ASDs.
Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa topik dari teks adalahmekanisme baru yang dapat menghubungkan perkembangan otak abnormal. Mekanisme ini berupa
hasil dari penelitian yang dijelaskan pada sebagian besar paragraf di teks.
Pilihan B, pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang biologi yang menghasilkan gejala ASD,tidak tepat karena hanya dibahas sebagai pengantar pada paragraf kedua.
Pilihan C tidak tepat karena meningkatkan diagnosis dan pengobatan Gangguan Spektrum Autisme hanya dibahas pada paragraf kelima sebagai manfaat dari
mekanisme baru tersebut.
Pilihan D tidak tepat karena kegiatan tim peneliti gabungan Duke-NUS dan NNI Singapura hanya disebutkan pada paragraf kedua. Adapun hasil dari kegiatan ini dalah
mekanisme baru yang menjadi fokus pembahasan teks.
Pilihan E tidak tepat karena disebutkan pada paragraf terakhir hubungan antara gen penyakit neurologis kunci dan regulasimicroRNA di otak adalah hasil dari penelitian
dari mekanisme yang baru ditemukan dan masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah A.
2. The question is based on the following passage.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a group of highly inheritable behavioral disorders that pose major personal and public health concerns. Patients with ASDs have
mild to severe communication di iculties, repetitive behavior and social challenges. Such disorders significantly challenge an individual's ability to conduct daily
Recognizing a need to better understand the biology that produces ASD symptoms, scientists at Duke-NUS and NNI, Singapore, have identified a novel mechanism that
potentially links abnormal brain development to the cause of ASDs. This new knowledge will help to improve the diagnosis and development of therapeutic interventions
for ASDs.
Copyright © 2019 Ruangguru hal. 1

The study has shown how one brain-specific microRNA (miR-I28) plays a key role in causing abnormal brain development. MicroRNAs are small molecules that regulate
gene expression in the human body to ensure proper cellular functions. Although it was known that miR-128 is misregulated in some patients with autism, what that
meant and how it functioned was not known.
For the first time, the researchers have managed to show that rniR-I28 is a mechanism that regulates early neuronal behavior during brain development. They believe
understand how misregulated miR-128 expression can damage our brain activities. Much more work needs to be done in this area.
(Adapted from: https://www.duke-nus.edu.sginews/explaining-autism-study-identifies-novel-mechanism-causes-abnorrnal-brain-developtnent )
The word impairs in line 13 means ....
a. puts together
b. harms
c. slows down
d. drops
e. enhances
Pembahasan
Kata impairs terdapat pada kalimat “The dysfunctional regulation of PCM1 by misregulated miR-128impairs brain development, which may underlie brain size changes in
people with ASDs.” yang artinya "Kerusakan regulasi PCM1 yang diakibatkan salah pengaturan pada miR-128,merusak perkembangan otak, yang mungkin mendasari
perubahan ukuran otak seseorang yang memiliki ASD.
Kata impairs memiliki arti ʻmerusakʼ sehingga sinonim yang tepat adalahharms.
Puts together artinya ʻmenggabungkanʼ.

Slows down artinya ʻmemperlambatʼ.
Drops artinya ʻmenurunkanʼ.
Enhances artinya ʻmenambahʼ.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah B.
3. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a group of highly inheritable behavioral disorders that pose major personal and public health concerns. Patients with ASDs
have mild to severe communication di iculties, repetitive behavior and social challenges. Such disorders significantly challenge an individual's ability to conduct daily
Recognizing a need to better understand the biology that produces ASD symptoms, scientists at Duke-NUS and NNI, Singapore, have identified a novel mechanism
that potentially links abnormal brain development to the cause of ASDs. This new knowledge will help to improve the diagnosis and development of therapeutic
interventions for ASDs.
The study has shown how one brain-specific microRNA (miR-I28) plays a key role in causing abnormal brain development. MicroRNAs are small molecules that
regulate gene expression in the human body to ensure proper cellular functions. Although it was known that miR-128 is misregulated in some patients with autism, what
that meant and how it functioned was not known.
For the first time, the researchers have managed to show that rniR-I28 is a mechanism that regulates early neuronal behavior during brain development. They believe
understand how misregulated miR-128 expression can damage our brain activities. 20 Much more work needs to be done in this area.
(Adapted from: https://www.duke-nus.edu.sginews/explaining-autism-study-identifies-novel-mechanism-causes-abnorrnal-brain-developtnent )
What do the researchers expect to be able to do as a result of their findings?
a. Cure people who have ASDs.
b. Identify people who have ASDs.
c. Develop new medications for ASDs.
d. Stop abnormal brain development.
e. Reverse brain size changes in people with ADSs.

Pembahasan
Berdasarkan teks di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa para ilmuwan melakukan penemuan berupa mekanisme tersebut untuk mendiagnosa penyebab terjadinya ASD dan
juga cara merawat atau mengobati ASD yang disebabkan oleh perkembangan otak yang abnormal sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa para peneliti mengharapkan untuk
mengembangkan pengobatan baru untuk ASD sehingga pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah (C).
4. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning
outcomes. For example, in science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve studentsʼ conceptual understanding, problem
solving, and team working skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school teachers to use them. However, teachers
need to be specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.
Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change. However, the spread of ICT is beginning to a ect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about
the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum.
The curriculum documents provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education programs
have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most current teachersʼ pre-service processes based on ICT.
This issue becomes complicated because the studentsʼ thinking skills are o en weak. Also, they typically lack information literacy skills although they were born in or
a er 1982. In addition, they belong to the “Net Generation”. Furthermore, they are accustomed to operating in a digital environment for communication, information
gathering. and analysis.The problem is that students do not have to understand how their use of technology affects their habits of learning.
E ective development of pre-service teachersʼ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a
needs assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the
pre-service teachersʼ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to consider the two typical
arguments that support the ICT use in schools.
( Adapted from: https://www.cjlt.ca/index. php/cjlt/article/view/498/229)
With the statement ʻOne of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum.ʼ
In line 7, the author intends to ….
a. emphasize the need for teachers with good literacy in technology
b. explore the reasons for including ICT in the curriculum document
c. explain the curriculum documents for ICT introduction in education
d. argue that current teachers already have good knowledge of using ICT
e. show that teacher education programs have been running expected ICT curriculum
Pembahasan
Berdasarkan kalimat “One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum.”, dapat diketahui bahwa salah satu isu terkini tentang
penggunaan ICT adalah bagaimana cara mengintegrasikannya ke dalam kurikulum, sehingga pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah (B) yaitu ʻexplore the reasons for
including ICT in the curriculum documentʼ atau ʻmenyelidiki alasan-alasan untung menyertakan ICT ke dalam kurikulumʼ.
5. The question is based on the text.
Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning
Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change. However, the spread of ICT is beginning to a ect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the
use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum documents provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect
that graduates from teacher education programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most current teachersʼ pre-
service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses
are not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching learning processes based on ICT.
gathering, and analysis.The problem is that students do not have to understand how their use of technology affects their habits of learning.
E ective development of pre-service teachersʼ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a needs
assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the pre-
service teachersʼ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to consider the two typical
(Adapted from: https://www.cjlt.ca/index. php/cjlt/article/view/498/229)
The authorʼs idea of the relationship between the use of ICT and learning outcome is analogous with ….
a. vitamin – health
b. speed – aeroplane

c. harvest – irrigation
d. cellphone – crime
e. books – intelligence
Pembahasan
Soal menanyakan hal lain yang keterkaitannya sama seperti ICT dan hasil belajar.
Informasi tentang ICT dan hasil belajar dapat ditemui pada paragraf pertama dalam kalimat .“..ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes.”. yang artinya "...ICT
dapat meningkatkan pengajaran dan hasil belajar".
Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa hubungan keduanya adalahICT dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar. Hal lain yang memiliki keterkaitan sama adalah
vitamin dan kesehatan karena vitamin dapat meningkatkan kesehatan.
Pilihan B tidak tepat karena hubungan keduanya adalah pesawat memiliki kecepatan tinggi.
Pilihan C tidak tepat karena hubungan keduanya adalah untuk mencapai masa panen, diperlukan beberapa tahap untuk merawat tanaman yang salah satunya adalah
irigasi.
Pilihan D tidak tepat karena tidak ada hubungan yang spesifik antara telepon genggam dengan kejahatan.
Pilihan E tidak tepat karena hubungan keduanya adalah dengan membaca buku seseorang akan menjadi pintar.
Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning
Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change. However, the spread of ICT is beginning to a ect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the
use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum documents provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect
that graduates from teacher education programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most current teachersʼ pre-
service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses
are not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching learning processes based on ICT.
gathering, and analysis.The problem is that students do not have to understand how their use of technology affects their habits of learning.
E ective development of pre-service teachersʼ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a needs
assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the pre-
service teachersʼ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to consider the two typical
The assumption the author has about teacher education programs is that ...
a. The programs have introduced a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT.
b. The programs have found out what ICT skills and knowledge the teachers need.
c. The programs have given materials related to the pre-service teachersʼ perceptions of ICT.
d. The programs were still designed in reference to traditional educational technology and settings.
e. The programs have participants who are familiar with the processes of technology-mediated educational transactions.
Pembahasan
Soal menanyakan asumsi penulis tentang program pendidikan guru.
Informasi tentang program pendidikan guru terdapat di paragraf 2 dan 4. Di kalimat kelima dan keenam paragraf kedua dijelaskan bahwa sekolah berharap lulusan
program pendidikan guru punya pengetahuan yang baik tentang penggunaan ICT, tetapi harapan tersebut tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan karena rancangannya masih
menggunakan cara lama (tradisional). Berdasarkan hal tersebut, asumsi yang tepat adalah pilihan D (Program tersebut masih didesain mengarah pada aturan dan
teknologi pendidikan yang tradisional/lama).
Pilihan A tidak tepat karena pengetahuan yang baik tentang penggunaan ICT hanyalahharapan. (Paragraf kedua kalimat kelima)
Pilihan B tidak tepat karena pengetahuan dan skill tentang ICT yang dibutuhkan guru merupakan penilian yangharus dilakukan untuk perkembangan program
tersebut. (Paragraf keempat kalimat kedua)
Pilihan C tidak tepat karena persepsi guru tentang program tersebut masih menjadihal yang harus dicari tahu oleh perancang program untuk perkembangan program

tersebut. (Paragraf keempat kalimat ketiga)
Pilihan E tidak tepat karena informasinya tidak ditemukan di teks.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah D.
7. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning
Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change. However, the spread of ICT is beginning to a ect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about
the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum.
The curriculum documents provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education programs
have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most current teachersʼ pre-service processes based on ICT.
gathering. and analysis.The problem is that students do not have to understand how their use of technology affects their habits of learning.
E ective development of pre-service teachersʼ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a
needs assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the
pre-service teachersʼ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to consider the two typical
Which lines of the passage illustrate the ideal ICT teacher education programs most effectively?
a. 4 -5
b. 9 – 11
c. 14 – 16
d. 16 – 17
e. 17 – 20
Pembahasan
Baris pada teks tersebut yang menjelaskan tentang program pendidikan guru ICT yang ideal dan paling efektif terdapat pada baris 17-20 dan merupakan pilihan jawaban
(E).
Climate change is changing our economy, health, and communities in diverse ways. Scientists warn that if we do not aggressively curb climate change now, the results
will likely be disastrous.
Carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants are collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm
up.
Although local temperatures fluctuate naturally, over the past 50 years the average global temperature has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history. Scientists
say that unless we curb the emissions that cause climate change, average U.S. temperatures could be 3 to 9 degrees higher by the end of the century.
Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard to predict far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how climate change is
affecting the planet and our communities, and most agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue.
In addition to impacting our water resources, energy supply, transportation, agriculture, and ecosystems, the United States Global Change Research Program
concludes that climate change also poses unique challenges to human health, for example, significant increases in the risk of illness and death related to extreme heat
and heat waves are very likely. Some diseases transmitted by food, water, and insects are likely to increase. Certain groups, including children, the elderly, and the poor,
are most vulnerable to a range of climate-related health effects. These impacts will result in significant costs to our families and the economy.
Here is the good news: technologies exist today to make cars that run cleaner and burn less gas, modernize power plants and generate electricity from nonpollutix
sources, and cut our electricity use through energy efficiency. The challenge is to be sure these solutions are put to use.
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is tackling global warming on two main fronts — cutting pollution and expanding clean energy. Transitioning to a clean
energy economy will bring new jobs and reduce air pollution. We cannot afford to wait.
(Adapted from: https://group.axa.com/eninewsroorninews/global-warming)
It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that ...
a. Carbon dioxide and other pollutants blanket the atmosphere.
b. Carbon dioxide and other pollutants collect the sun's heat.

c. The sun's heat blankets the atmosphere.
d. Carbon dioxide and other pollutants warm up the atmosphere.
e. The atmosphere accumulates carbon dioxide and other pollutants.
Pembahasan
Soal menanyakan yang bisa disimpulkan dari paragraf 2.
Paragraf 2 menjelaskan bahwa karbon dioksida dan polutan pemanasan global lainnya berkumpul di atmosfer seperti selimut tebal, menjebak panas matahari dan
menyebabkan planet menjadi hangat. Simpulan yang sesuai dengan informasi tersebut adalah pilihan A (Karbon dioksida dan polutan lainnya menyelimuti atmosfer.).
Pilihan B (Karbon dioksida dan polutan lainnya mengumpulkan panas matahari) tidak tepat karena karbon dioksida dan polutan menjebak panas matahari, bukan
mengumpulkan panas matahari.
Pilihan C (Panas matahari menyelimuti atmosfer.) tidak tepat karena yang menyelimuti atmosfer adalah karbon dioksida dan polutan lainnya.
Pilihan D (Karbon dioksida dan polutan lainnya menghangatkan atmosfer.) tidak tepat. Informasi yang tepat adalah panas matahari yang terjebak di atmosfer
menyebabkan planet menjadi hangat.
Pilihan E (Atmosfer mengumpulkan karbon dioksida dan polutan lainnya.)tidak tepat karena karbon dioksida dan polutan lainnya yang berkumpul di atmosfer.
up.
The sentence 'Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard to predict far in advance.' in line 8, is closest in meaning to ...
a. It is impossible to forecast the effects of climate change.
b. It is intricate to understand the nature of climate change.
c. It is hard to understand the full-scale effects of climate change.
d. It is complicated to predict climate change due to its full-scale effects.
e. It is difficult to precisely predict the effects of climate change due to its complex nature.
Pembahasan
Soal menanyakan parafrasa kalimat yang dikutip dari teks. Untuk menyatakan kembali sebuah pernyataan, informasi yang terkandung di kalimat awal harus tetap ada di
kalimat yang diparafrasa.
Arti kalimat yang dikutip adalah “Perubahan iklim adalah fenomena yangkompleks, dan dampak skala besarnya sulit diprediksi lebih dulu.” Kalimat ini memiliki arti
yang sama dengan pilihan E (Sulit untuk memprediksi secara tepat dampak perubahan iklim karena sifatnya yang kompleks).
Pilihan A, B dan C tidak tepat karena sifatnya yang kompleks tidak disebutkan.
Pilihan D tidak tepat karena sulitnya memprediksi perubahan iklim disebabkan karena sifatnya yang komplek, bukan karena efek skala besarnya.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah E.
10. Climate change is changing our economy, health, and communities in diverse ways. Scientists warn that if we do not aggressively curb climate change now, the results

up.
Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard to predict far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how climate change
is affecting the planet and our communities, and most agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue.
Which of the following obviously shows the author's bias?
a. Climate change is changing our economy, health, and communities in diverse ways.
b. Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard to predict far in advance.
c. Significant increases in the risk of illness and death related to extreme heat and heat waves are very likely.
d. The challenge is to be sure these solutions are put to use.
e. Transitioning to a clean energy economy will bring new jobs and reduce air pollution. We cannot afford to wait.
Pembahasan
Perlu diketahui bahwa ʻbiasʼ adalah prasangka yang mendukung atau menentang satu hal, orang, atau kelompok dibandingkan dengan yang lain, oleh karena itu pilihan
jawaban yang menunjukkan opini penulis adalah pilihan jawaban (E) yaitu ʻTransitioning to a clean energy economy will bring new jobs and reduce air pollution. We
cannot a ord to wait.ʼ atau ʻTransisi ke ekonomi energi bersih akan membawa pekerjaan baru dan mengurangi polusi udara. Kami tidak bisa menunggu.ʼ Hal tersebut
dikarenakan penggunaan kata ʻwe ʼ atau ʻkamiʼ yang mengacu kepada penulis dan pembaca yang menegaskan bahwa kalimat tersebut merupakan opini.
up.
( Adapted from: https://group.axa.com/eninewsroorninews/global-warming)
The author presents the unique challenges to human health due to climate change by ....
a. discussing several examples
b. pointing out several examples
c. explaining a research program

d. outlining a research program
e. making a prediction
Pembahasan
Soal menanyakan bagaimana penulis menyajikan informasi mengenai permasalahan khusus akibat perubahan iklim terhadap manusia.
Berdasarkan paragraf 5, dapat diketahui bahwa penulis menjabarkan beberapa contoh permasalahan kesehatan yang dapat timbul akibat dari perubahan iklim, seperti
peningkatan risiko penyakit dan kematian yang signifikan yang akan berdampak pada perekonomian. Jika diperhatikan pada paragraf tersebut, terdapat kata-kata "are
very likely" (sangat mungkin), "likely" ( mungkin) dan "will" (akan) yang menunjukkan bahwa hal-hal tersebut belum terjadi tetapidiprediksikan akan terjadi sehingga
plihan jawaban yang tepat adalah (E), yaitu making a prediction (membuat prediksi).
Pilihan A dan B tidak tepat. Informasi mengenai contoh permasalahan khusus memang dibahas dan dijelaskan, namun contoh tersebut masih bersifat prediksi.
Pilihan C dan D tidak tepat karena permasalahan yang disebutkan bukanlah hasil dari program penelitian. United States Global Change Research Program hanya
memprediksikan akan ada permasalahan yang terjadi di masa depan.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah E.
12. The following question is based on the text.
Despite its name, heartburn has nothing to do with the heart. Some of the symptoms, however, are similar to those of a heart attack or heart disease. Heartburn is an
irritation of the esophagus that is caused by stomach acid, which can create a burning discomfort in the upper abdomen or below the breast bone.
With gravity's help, a muscular valve called the lower esophageal sphincter, or LES, keeps stomach acid in the stomach. The LES is located where the esophagus meets
the stomach — below the rib cage and slightly le of center. Normally it opens to allow food into the stomach or to permit belching, and then closes again. If, however,
the LES opens too o en or does not close tight enough, stomach acid can reflux, or seep, into the esophagus and cause the burning sensation. Occasional heartburn is
not dangerous, but chronic heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can sometimes lead to serious problems.
The basic cause of heartburn is a lower esophageal sphincter, or LES, that does not tighten as it should. Two excesses often contribute to this problem: too much food in
the stomach (overeating) or too much pressure on the stomach (frequently from obesity, pregnancy, or constipation). Certain foods commonly relax the LES, including
tomatoes, citrus fruits, garlic, onions, chocolate, co ee, alcohol, ca einated products, and peppermint. Meals high in fats and oils (animal or vegetable) o en lead to
heartburn, as do certain medications. Stress and lack of sleep can increase acid production and can cause heartburn. Smoking, which relaxes the LES and stimulates
stomach acid, is a major contributor.
How does heartburn happen? When you eat, food goes from your mouth down a tube called the esophagus into your stomach. In between the esophagus and the
stomach is an opening called the lower esophageal sphincter. This muscular valve acts like a door to let food into your stomach. It normally closes quickly behind the
food to keep stomach acids — which break down the food — from backing up into your esophagus.
If that valve does not close all the way, stomach acid backs up, or refluxes, into the esophagus. Stomach acid irritates the lining of the esophagus and causes a painful
burning sensation. The feeling may be worse after bending over or when you lie down.
Certain foods and drinks — like tomato products, alcohol, citrus, co ee, and fatty or spicy foods — may be more likely to irritate the lower esophageal sphincter and
make heartburn worse. Being overweight, eating big meals, wearing clothes that are tight around the waist, and smoking also raise your risk for heartburn. Learning what
triggers your heartburn can help you ease the burn.
( Adapted from: http://www.gghospitalin/blog/heartburn-cause-and-cure/)
Which of the following reflects the author's attitude toward the topic of the passage?
a. Persuasive
b. Indifferent
c. Informative
d. Skeptical
e. Optimistic
Pembahasan
Soal menanyakan sikap penulis (attittude) terhadap topik dalam teks.
Persuasive artinya bersifat mengajak;indifferent artinya tidak peduli; informative artinya informatif; skeptical artinya meragukan; danoptimistic artinya optimis.
Pada paragraf 1, penulis memberikan informasi mengenai pengertian heartburn . Di paragraf 2, penulis membahas tentang anatomi tubuh yang berperan dalam
heartburn . Lalu, pada paragraf 3, penulis memberikan informasi penyebab terjadinya heartburn . Di paragraf 4-5, penulis menjelaskan proses terjadinya heartburn di
dalam tubuh. Adapun di paragraf terakhir, penulis menegaskan kembali faktor penyebab dari heartburn .
Berdasarkan informasi tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sikap penulis hanyamemberikan informasi saja mengenai heartburn. Penulis tidak menunjukkan sikap ragu-
ragu, optimis, dan sikap tidak peduli. Selain itu, penulis juga tidak menyampaikan ajakan apapun untuk mencegah terjadinya hearthburn.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah C.
13. The text is for the following question.

Despite its name, heartburn has nothing to do with the heart. Some of the symptoms, however, are similar to those of a heart attack or heart disease. Heartburn is an
With gravity's help, a muscular valve called the lower esophageal sphincter, or LES, keeps stomach acid in the stomach. The LES is located where the esophagus meets
the stomach — below the rib cage and slightly le of center. Normally it opens to allow food into the stomach or to permit belching, and then closes again. If, however,
the LES opens too o en or does not close tight enough, stomach acid can reflux, or seep, into the esophagus and cause the burning sensation. Occasional heartburn is
not dangerous, but chronic heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can sometimes lead to serious problems.
The basic cause of heartburn is a lower esophageal sphincter, or LES, that does not tighten as it should. Two excesses often contribute to this problem: too much food in
the stomach (overeating) or too much pressure on the stomach (frequently from obesity, pregnancy, or constipation). Certain foods commonly relax the LES, including
tomatoes, citrus fruits, garlic, onions, chocolate, co ee, alcohol, ca einated products, and peppermint. Meals high in fats and oils (animal or vegetable) o en lead to
heartburn, as do certain medications. Stress and lack of sleep can increase acid production and can cause heartburn. Smoking, which relaxes the LES and stimulates
stomach acid, is a major contributor.
If that valve does not close all the way, stomach acid backs up, or refluxes, into the esophagus. Stomach acid irritates the lining of the esophagus and causes a painful
burning sensation. The feeling may be worse after bending over or when you lie down.
(Adapted from: http://www.gghospitalin/blog/heartburn-cause-and-cure/)
The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ....
a. other factors causing heartburn
b. kinds of food recommended
c. overweight related to heartburn
d. smoking effect on heartburn
e. the best way to cure heartburn
Pembahasan
Soal menanyakan informasi yang kemungkinan terkandung dalam paragraf setelah paragraf terakhir teks.
Untuk memprediksi isi paragraf yang tepat, paragraf terakhir harus dipahami dahulu. Setelah itu, pilihlah jawaban yang sekiranya berkesinambungan dengan paragraf
tersebut.
Paragraf terakhir membahas tentang faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan heartburn sehingga idealnya paragraf selanjutnya membahas tentang cara-cara untuk
menyembuhkan heartburn ("the best way to cure heartburn") agar teks tersebut menjadi teks dengan pembahasan yang lengkap.
Pilihan A sampai D tidak tepat. Jika paragraf setelah paragraf terakhir membahas lebih jauh mengenai hal-hal tersebut, teksnya menjadi tidak utuh karena tidak ada
pembahasan mengenai cara menyembuhkan heartburn.
Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah E.
14. Despite its name, heartburn has nothing to do with the heart. Some of the symptoms, however, are similar to those of a heart attack or heart disease. Heartburn is an
With gravity's help, a muscular valve called the lower esophageal sphincter, or LES, keeps stomach acid in the stomach. The LES is located where the esophagus
meets the stomach — below the rib cage and slightly le of center. Normally it opens to allow food into the stomach or to permit belching, and then closes again. If,
however, the LES opens too o en or does not close tight enough, stomach acid can reflux, or seep, into the esophagus and cause the burning sensation. Occasional
heartburn is not dangerous, but chronic heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can sometimes lead to serious problems.
The basic cause of heartburn is a lower esophageal sphincter, or LES, that does not tighten as it should. Two excesses o en contribute to this problem: too much
food in the stomach (overeating) or too much pressure on the stomach (frequently from obesity, pregnancy, or constipation). Certain foods commonly relax the LES,
including tomatoes, citrus fruits, garlic, onions, chocolate, co ee, alcohol, ca einated products, and peppermint. Meals high in fats and oils (animal or vegetable) o en
lead to heartburn, as do certain medications. Stress and lack of sleep can increase acid production and can cause heartburn. Smoking, which relaxes the LES and
stimulates stomach acid, is a major contributor.
If that valve does not close all the way, stomach acid backs up, or refluxes, into the esophagus. Stomach acid irritates the lining of the esophagus and causes a
painful burning sensation. The feeling may be worse after bending over or when you lie down.

The passage can be best summarized as follows ....
a. certain food and behaviors can trigger reflux that is the main cause of heartburn
b. stress and lack of sleep can increase acid production and can cause heartburn
c. understanding causes, symptoms, and how heartburn occurs helps sufferers prepare for its attacks
d. understanding causes, symptoms, and how heartburn occurs helps sufferers prepare for its attacks
e. the feeling of heartburn can go from bad to worse when doing some physical activities
Pembahasan
Pilihan jawaban yang paling tepat dan mencakup informasi-informasi yang ada pada tiap paragraf dalam teks tersebut adalah (C) yaituʻunderstanding causes,
symptoms, and how hurtburn occurs helps sufferers prepare for its attackʼ atau ʻmemahami penyebab, gejala, dan bagaimana nyeri ulu hati membantu penderita bersiap
untuk serangannya. Pilihan jawaban yang lainnya terlalu spesifik membahas satu paragraf tertentu dan tidak mencakup keseluruhan paragraf dalam teks.
15. Despite its name, heartburn has nothing to do with the heart. Some of the symptoms, however, are similar to those of a heart attack or heart disease. Heartburn is an
With gravity's help, a muscular valve called the lower esophageal sphincter, or LES, keeps stomach acid in the stomach. The LES is located where the esophagus
meets the stomach — below the rib cage and slightly le of center. Normally it opens to allow food into the stomach or to permit belching, and then closes again. If,
however, the LES opens too o en or does not close tight enough, stomach acid can reflux, or seep, into the esophagus and cause the burning sensation. Occasional
heartburn is not dangerous, but chronic heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can sometimes lead to serious problems.
The basic cause of heartburn is a lower esophageal sphincter, or LES, that does not tighten as it should. Two excesses o en contribute to this problem: too much
food in the stomach (overeating) or too much pressure on the stomach (frequently from obesity, pregnancy, or constipation). Certain foods commonly relax the LES,
including tomatoes, citrus fruits, garlic, onions, chocolate, co ee, alcohol, ca einated products, and peppermint. Meals high in fats and oils (animal or vegetable) o en
lead to heartburn, as do certain medications. Stress and lack of sleep can increase acid production and can cause heartburn. Smoking, which relaxes the LES and
stimulates stomach acid, is a major contributor.
If that valve does not close all the way, stomach acid backs up, or refluxes, into the esophagus. Stomach acid irritates the lining of the esophagus and causes a
painful burning sensation. The feeling may be worse after bending over or when you lie down.
What will happen when the lower esophageal sphincter does not close after entry of food?
a. The esophagus may close down.
b. It may cause the sufferer to vomit.
c. It may irritate the lining of the esophagus
d. Stomach acid backs up into esophagus
e. The food it breaks down may open the esophagus
Pembahasan
Berdasarkan kalimat “If the valve does not close all the way, stomach acid backs up, or refluxes, into the esophagus.”, dapat diketahui bahwa jika katup tidak menutup
secara sempurna, asam lambung kembali naik, atau refluks, ke esofagus . Berdasarkan informasi tersebut maka pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah (D) yaituʻstomach acid
backs up into esophagusʼ atau ʻasam lambung kembali naik keesofagus.

UTBK & Ujian Mandiri Tes Bhs Inggris 15 Soal: Abnormal Brain Development Abnormal Brain Development

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Tes Bahasa Inggris 4 KODE SOAL

UTBK & Ujian Mandiri · Tes Bhs Inggris · 15 Soal RTO-Y4I427Z

1. The question is based on the following text.

( Adapted from: https://www.duke-nus.edu.sginews/explaining-autism-study-identifies-novel-mechanism-causes-abnorrnal-brain-developtnent )

What is the topic of the passage?

b. A better understanding of biology that produces symptoms of ASD

c. Improving the diagnosis and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Paragraf pertama membahas pengenalan Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs).

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah A.

2. The question is based on the following passage.

Copyright © 2019 Ruangguru hal. 1

UTBK & Ujian Mandiri · Tes Bhs Inggris · 15 Soal RTO-Y4I427Z

(Adapted from: https://www.duke-nus.edu.sginews/explaining-autism-study-identifies-novel-mechanism-causes-abnorrnal-brain-developtnent )

The word impairs in line 13 means ....

Puts together artinya ʻmenggabungkanʼ.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah B.

(Adapted from: https://www.duke-nus.edu.sginews/explaining-autism-study-identifies-novel-mechanism-causes-abnorrnal-brain-developtnent )

What do the researchers expect to be able to do as a result of their findings?

a. Cure people who have ASDs.

b. Identify people who have ASDs.

c. Develop new medications for ASDs.

d. Stop abnormal brain development.

e. Reverse brain size changes in people with ADSs.

Copyright © 2019 Ruangguru hal. 2

UTBK & Ujian Mandiri · Tes Bhs Inggris · 15 Soal RTO-Y4I427Z

( Adapted from: https://www.cjlt.ca/index. php/cjlt/article/view/498/229)

In line 7, the author intends to ….

a. emphasize the need for teachers with good literacy in technology

b. explore the reasons for including ICT in the curriculum document

c. explain the curriculum documents for ICT introduction in education

5. The question is based on the text.

(Adapted from: https://www.cjlt.ca/index. php/cjlt/article/view/498/229)

Copyright © 2019 Ruangguru hal. 3

UTBK & Ujian Mandiri · Tes Bhs Inggris · 15 Soal RTO-Y4I427Z

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah A.

6. The question is based on the text.

(Adapted from: https://www.cjlt.ca/index. php/cjlt/article/view/498/229)

a. The programs have introduced a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT.

Soal menanyakan asumsi penulis tentang program pendidikan guru.

Copyright © 2019 Ruangguru hal. 4

UTBK & Ujian Mandiri · Tes Bhs Inggris · 15 Soal RTO-Y4I427Z

tersebut. (Paragraf keempat kalimat ketiga)

Pilihan E tidak tepat karena informasinya tidak ditemukan di teks.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah D.

(Adapted from: https://www.cjlt.ca/index. php/cjlt/article/view/498/229)

8. The question is based on the text.

(Adapted from: https://group.axa.com/eninewsroorninews/global-warming)

It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that ...

a. Carbon dioxide and other pollutants blanket the atmosphere.

b. Carbon dioxide and other pollutants collect the sun's heat.

Copyright © 2019 Ruangguru hal. 5

UTBK & Ujian Mandiri · Tes Bhs Inggris · 15 Soal RTO-Y4I427Z

c. The sun's heat blankets the atmosphere.

d. Carbon dioxide and other pollutants warm up the atmosphere.

e. The atmosphere accumulates carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

Soal menanyakan yang bisa disimpulkan dari paragraf 2.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah A.

9. The question is based on the text.