Change of State

Every time a substance undergoes a change of state, that is a change either from
solid to liquid (MELTING), liquid to gas (EVAPORATION), and gas to liquid
(CONDENSATION) energy is either absorbed or liberated. The said heat energy is
used to separate and free every molecule from adjacent ones and does not produce
a temperature change.

When solid melts, the molecules present are being freed from their fixed positions
and are able to move about among each other. Each crystalline substance melts at a
specific temperature and freezes at the same temperature. A substance which
expands when it freezes has its melting point decrease by an increase in the
pressure acting upon it. If it contracts when it freezes, the melting point is raised by
increase in pressure; the presence of a dissolved substance caused a substance to
freeze at a lower temperature.

Heat of Fusion ( Lf )

Heat of fusion is the amount of heat necessary to melt a unit mass with no change
in temperature.