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Solution
Assignment-11 (Ising Model)
4 4
Solution 1: H i   J1  si s j  J 2  si sk
j 1 k 1

Ground state corresponds to all spins up     or all spins down     . Hence,

E  4  J1  J 2   E
Solution 2: Write the Hamiltonian in the following from equate to the given Hamiltonian,

J CuCu 1  si  1  s j    I ZnZn 1  si  1  s j 
1 1
H 
4 ij  4 ij 

 JCuZn 1  si  1  s j   1  si  1  s j 

1

4 ij 

Solution 3: Ground states of spin- 1 Ising model correspond to all spins in the same state, i.e.
 0, 0  , 1,1 or  1, 1 . On the square lattice with N spins, there are 2N bonds, then

E00  0, E11  4 J  4 K  2 D, E11  4 J  4 K  2 D

where E11 and E11 correspond to degenerate states.

For 3 -state Potts model, the ground states correspond to 1,1 ,  2, 2  or  3,3 . Hence on

the square lattice,

Solution 4: For J ij   J / N , the energy of each configuration is only a function of

m   i  i / N , given by

J N N
E  M , h   
2 N i , j 1
 i j  h  i
i 1

J N  N   N 
 N    i / N    j / N   Nh    i / N 
2  j 1  j 1   j 1 
J 
  N  m 2  hm 
2 

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Revised Edition 2019 1
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

(b) Since the energy depends only on the number of up spins N  , and not on their

configuration, we have
Z  h, T    exp    H 
 i 

N
   number of configuration with N
N 0
 fixed   exp    E  M , h  

N  N! 
   N ! N  N ! exp  E  M , h 

N 0   

N    N!   
  exp    E  M , h   k T ln  N ! N  N !  
B
N 0       


  exp    F  m, h  
M

By analogy  N  N A , m  x, J / 2  3, J 
F  m, h 
 k BT ln 2  hm   k BT  J  m 2  B m 4  O  m5  ,
1 kT
N 2 12

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Revised Edition 2019 2
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

H.No. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com
Revised Edition 2019 3