UNIT 3- THE ACT

PRETEST
TRUE OR FALSE
Instruction: Read carefully each question. Write MAO JUD if the statement is true or NAH DILI
JUD if the statement is false. Write your answer in the space provided.
MAO JUD 1. Reason is pertinent in the decision-making.
MAO JUD 2. Emotion too is very important in the decision-making.
MAO JUD 3. Accordingly, morality is properly be felt than judged.
MAO JUD 4. Impartiality and reason are requirement for morality.
MAO JUD 5. Reason alone is insufficient to yield a judgment that something is virtuous and
vicious according to David Hume.
MAO JUD 6. Direct passions are caused directly by the sensations of pain or pleasure.
MAO JUD 7. Philosophers encourage the use of reason in making decisions. However, it
should be noted that our moral compasses are also powerfully influenced by feelings.
MAO JUD 8. Deliberate means the act was intentional, planned with conscious effort.
MAO JUD 9. Emotions notoriously play favorites. It operate on a principle called ―the law
of concern‖ where emotions only give to us a matter of personal interest.
MAO JUD 10. Emotions could help in making better choices even without consciously
reasoning.
MAO JUD 11. Will is the mental capacity to act decisively on one‘s desire.
MAO JUD 12. Moral courage is the courage you put your moral principle into action even
though you may be in doubt, are afraid, or face advert consequences.
MAO JUD 13. Aristotle believed that ―will‖ is the power of intellect and sensation, and that
will gave the person the capacity for exciting moment in space.
MAO JUD 14. Moral imagination is ability in particular circumstances to discover and
evaluate possibilities not merely determined by that circumstance or limited by its operative
mental mode or merely framed by a set of rules or rule – governed concerns.
MAO JUD 15. The resolve to put the decision into action is the role of the will.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY
Activity 1. Multiple Choices.
Instruction: Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. According to Shceler, of the four levels of feelings, what feeling is the only one that is
intentional and most important?
a. sensual feelings b. vital feelings c. psychic feelings d. spiritual feelings
2. What is the mental capacity of an individual to act decisively on one‘s desire?
a. moral courage b. will c. passion d. feelings
3. Which of the statements below are not David Hume‘s thesis in ethics?
a. Reason alone cannot be a motive to the will, but rather is the ―slave of the passions‖
b. Moral distinction is the result of reason.
c. While some virtues and vices are natural, others (including justice) are artificial.
d. Moral distinction are derived from the moral sentiments
4. Which of the statements do not describe Max Ferdinand Scheler‘s stratification model of
emotive life?
a. Psychic feelings involve the metaphysical and paranormal.
b. Pleasure and pain are on the sensation level
c. Spiritual feelings deal with the Divine
d. Your physical, mental, and emotional health are vital feelings.
5. Which of the situations below describe David Hume‘s view on the role of feelings in decision-
making?
a. I will not give money to the beggar because I do not have any money.
b. I will not give money to the beggar because it is against the law.
c. I will not give money to the beggar because I don‘t trust him.
d. I will not give money to the beggar because this will not develop the right attitude in him.
6. Which of the situations below describe the Immanuel Kant‘s Argument on reason as basis for
morality?
a. It is okay to party, schools will not go anywhere anyway.
b. I want to study but I feel like partying.
c. Partying and studying go together well.

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d. I want to party but I have to prioritize.
7. Which of the following is not the characteristic of the ―will
a. It is the mental capacity to act decisively on one’s desire.
b. It is strength of character
c. Its product is self-mastery
d. It is the resolve to put the decision into action.
8. Which of the expressions below portray the characteristic of feelings?
a. ―I don‘t really know why I behaved the way I did
b. ―I really feel sorry about the flood victims, but I also have a big problem right now.‖
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
9. Dr. James Rachels asserted that you could not rely on feelings in moral reasoning. This means
that:
a. Feelings can be a product of your prejudice, selfishness, or cultural conditioning
b. Feelings are moved by rational arguments.
c. Feelings are biased but still correct.
d. None of the above
10. How do emotions help make the right decision?
a. Emotional responses can be reshaped as time pass by.
b. It signals the need to adjust behavior.
c. It can help us learn from our mistakes.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
11. Eric witnessed a kid being bullied. One of the bullies told Eric not to report what he saw and
threatened him if he does. Which of the actions below portray moral courage?
a. Eric threw the bullies so the bullied kid can run away.
b. Eric walked on pretending he did not see the incident.
c. Eric just told his friends what happened hoping that the news will spread and eventually reach
the principal.

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d. Eric stood up to the bully and reported the incident to their principal.
12. Janice, the SBO resident found out there was a discrepancy in the finances and that her best
friend Becky, who was also their Treasurer, mishandled the money, Janice needed to talk to her
best friend about the problem, but knowing this was a sensitive issue that will affect their
friendship, she needed the best approach. Which among the statements below followed the seven
step model?
A. First, Janice listed down the possible sanctions she can impose on Becky. Then she talked to
Becky personally to hear her side. After listening to her best friend, Janice weighed the pros and
cons about telling their Adviser and Becky was kicked out of the school.
B. Janice gathered all the documents and identified other parties involved. She then clearly
identified her dilemma involving her best friend and listed all the possible actions she can take.
She weighed all the pros and cons of the situation before she went to talk to Becky privately
bringing the documents with her.
C. Janice was so surprised that Becky had the nerve to use the money, so she called Becky up
and confronted her right away.
D. Janice went to her Adviser. They both talked to Becky.

Activity 2. Identification
Instruction: Identify the following and write a brief explanation per item. You may write your
answer in the space provided.
1-3. Give 3 central features why emotions can be obstacles in making the right decision.
1. It’s non-deliberate nature
Explanation: They are mostly unforeseen acts. It's when you do something without giving
it any thought.
2. It’s partial nature
Explanation: Emotions are infamous for favoritism. It works under the theory of 'the rule
of concern,' which states that feelings can only give us information about things that are
of personal importance to us. When it is not a personal matter, though, thoughts are calm.
3. It is capricious
Explanation: The third issue with emotion is that it appears for no apparent cause.
Aspects or circumstances that have little to do with moral situations will elicit strong
emotions, and will undoubtedly affect your moral judgment.

4-8. Give 5 reasons why human beings should do what is right.

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 They tell choosing the right thing is tough, but deciding between right and wrong is much
more difficult for me. The following are my reasons for believing that humans should do
what is right.
1. To live a happy and guilt-free life.
Explanation: If we do bad things or make poor decisions in our lives, we like to feel that
there will inevitably be a disappointing outcome. And, as Christians, we agree that God
expects us to do what is best for others as well as ourselves. Living a peaceful life entails
doing the right thing.
2. To be a successful example
Explanation: Most of us look up to a number of role models for guidance about how to act in
education, in relationships, and when faced with tough decisions.
3. To establish a positive social relationship
Explanation: Doing well binds us to all, strengthening families and assisting in the creation
of a happier world for everyone. We may also donate our time, thoughts, and resources,
which is not limited to monetary contributions.
4. Encourages mental well-being
Explanation: Volunteering is also beneficial for mental wellbeing, according to a study
published in the Public Health Journal. Volunteering is related to reduced depression, as well
as increased well-being and life satisfaction, according to the report.
5. Doing good will inspire you to do more good.
Explanation: It has been discovered that remembering moments when you support people
makes you want to help others again. In comparison to focusing on occasions that people
have benefited you, the study showed that reflecting on your previous good deeds helps you
feel selfless and desire to help more. In other words, remembering what you've contributed to
others, rather than just what you've got, will inspire you to do good again and again.
9-15. Give the 7-step model for ethical decision-making.
1. Gather the Facts
Explanation: Obtaining all of the data we need to make a decision would therefore result in
the best result. Gather as much information as possible before moving on.
2. Identify the Stakeholders
Explanation: Have a list of everybody who is involved. Gather information about the main
and secondary stakeholders. What are their responsibilities as stakeholders? See the case
from the perspective of those who are harmed.
3. Articulate the Dilemma

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 Explanation: You must articulate the legal dilemma. The aim of articulating the dilemma is
to ensure that you have a complete understanding of the situation and the moral conflict you
are dealing with. When it comes to making the correct decision, awareness and
understanding are critical, particularly when lives are at stake.
4. List the Alternatives
Explanation: Consider other acts, since there might be options you've overlooked. This will
continue to ensure that you are not backed into a corner.
5. Compare the Alternatives with Principle
Explanation: When making a decision, state the important principles that you want to keep in
mind. After that, consider whether the alternate behaviors are consistent with your beliefs.
6. Weight the Consequences
Explanation: Consider the decision's possible positive and negative outcomes on those that
will be impacted (focus on key stakeholders and keep the comparison simple before you're
satisfied with the process).
7. Make a Decision
Explanation: Following all of the deliberations, a decision must be taken. Staying in the
dialogue process only for the sake of discussion is not a smart idea.

Activity 3. Word Search.

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Instruction: Find the word described by the clues below.

Clues
1. This Passion is an immediate response to pain or pleasure. DIRECT PASSION
2. A psychological concept about the human tendency to create possible or alternative scenarios other
than what had actually happened. COUNTER FACTUAL
3. The courage to put your moral principles into action even though you may be in doubt, are afraid, or
face adverse consequences. MORAL COURAGE
4. The mental capacity to act decisively on one‘s desire. WILL
5. He argued that reason alone is insufficient to yield a judgment. DAVID HUME
6. Caused by the sensation of pain or pleasure derived from some other idea or impression. INDIRECT
PASSION
7. The state in which emotions or feelings are inherent, objective, and existing even if you have not
experienced it before, as asserted by Scheler. PRIORI
8. According to Scheler, of the four levels of feelings it is the only one that is intentional and the most
important. SPIRITUAL
9. It plays a role in making a moral decision according to Prof. James Rachels. REASON
10. The nature of feelings that is no different from mindless automatic reflex. NON-DELIBERATE

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ASSESSMENT
Assessment 1. Easy 
Instructions: Write at least 100-word essay. Write your answers on the space provided below.
You may also use other sheet of paper.
1. In what way are feelings important in moral making according to Hume and
Scheler?
The ethics of both Scheler and Hume are teleological. Moral emotions are linked
to the philosophy of utility by Hume, while the logical hierarchy of principles is referred
to by Scheler. Our desires or actions are morally good if they comply with this objective
hierarchy; otherwise, they are morally bad.
Hume claimed that people had love, which he referred to as thoughts or feelings,
in his Theory of Mind. Passion is divided into two categories: direct and indirect. The
feelings of pain or enjoyment specifically induce direct passions. Desire is an example of
overt passion since it is a reaction to the enjoyment we hope to experience. While
According to Scheler, the most significant part of human life is feeling. He said that
thoughts and feelings are innate and objective, and that they exist even though you have
never felt them (a priori). Feelings remain unaffected by the environment. Keep in mind
that everything is in accordance with the Divine Plan. Human emotions are not chaotic;
rather, they are precise, exact, and objective.

2. Differentiate actions based on reason and on feelings. Give a typical example.

When we take action for a cause, we want to think about how it will affect others,
and we are sometimes mindful of and intend our decisions to accomplish our desired
outcome. Meanwhile, as we make decisions based on our emotions, we begin to become
biased and unreasonable. We behave in the best interests of our loved ones, and we pay
attention to how a single individual may react as a result of our actions. For e.g., if a party
girl wearing revealing clothing is raped on the street by an addict, we might assume that
it was the girls fault for going home and wearing such clothing, but if the girl is your
sister, you would primarily blame the addict because you are focused on your feelings of
being hurt by the incident.

3. How can feelings be an obstacle in making a sound moral decision?

Moral choices/decisions abound in everyday life. Some are so automatic that they
go unnoticed, such as keeping the door open for a woman pushing a stroller. An urge to
help, a fear of risk, and a cost-benefit examination of my wallet's contents all churn
underneath conscious consciousness.
Emotions, of course, influence how we make moral choices. The flickering
powers of disgust, fondness, or terror, on the other hand, have a strong effect on our
spiritual compasses. Emotions, such as love for friends and family, are an important part
of what gives life meaning and should guide morality. Some argue that the only proper

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 way to make a decision is to think coldly, objectively, and rationally. Emotion vs.
rationality is one of the most age-old and epic battles we've ever seen.
Our feelings, or gut responses, have developed physically, psychologically, and
from our own personal interactions because they have already served us well—at least,
according to those standards that we may or may not support. The point isn't that they're
always bad; rather, they're not really up to the challenge of assisting us in addressing
modern moral issues.
4. In your own understanding, how is the will developed? Give examples or personal
experiences.
Learning how to improve will is difficult, and we tend to struggle more often than
we excel when it comes to transition. Although it is possible to improve one's will, but it
is a long and steady process. We should start tiny and focus on one long-term target at a
time if we want to see any progress.
Will, in my opinion, is formed through a variety of experiences involving moral
decision-making or even moral situations. Will isn't a one-person show. Will must work
through the form of different inner energies, which serve as a link between our will and
our functions, such as thoughts and physical acts, in order to be successful. That's why
our will can feel depleted at times: the necessary energies are depleted. Example, when I
was a kid I had the desire to cook to impress my parents, in the long run I wanted to cook
to feed my family not only to impress.
Self-mastery is thus a product of the will, which is attained by bringing rational,
moral choices into reality.

5. In your own understanding, how will you differentiate will from reason?

Reason is practical, effectively –, where the will is decided by reason in

connection with which action is done. To put it another way, reason has the ability to
guide action. Furthermore, where rationality guides the will, it is open.
Will is the ability to combine intelligence and feeling, and this will provided the
individual with the ability to experience thrilling moments in space. Ana, for example, is
deciding whether to celebrate her birthday or save money for her laptop. Ana weighed the
benefits and drawbacks of both celebrating and investing. She then made the decision to
put her money aside. Ana's will allowed her to receive money without having to celebrate
her birthday.

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