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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(MUMBAI)
PROJECT REPORT ON

(“D C MOTOR”)
SUBMITTED BY
Mr. Abhinandan p. kakde

GUIDED BY

Prof. J.G. Sulakshane

SHREEYASH POLYTECHNIC AND ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER INGINEERING

AURANGABAD-431007

2021-2022
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CERTIFICATE

This is to certificate that MICRO-PROJECT entitled “D C MOTOR” .

Submitted by Mr.Abhinandan Kakde Has completed the micro-project
satisfactorily in the subject Engineering for the academic year 2021-
2022 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Aurangabad

Date :

Seat No:

Enrollment No: 2110920063

Prof. J.G. sulakshane S.P. Bagal

GUIDE H.O. D.

Prof. S.P. Bhople

Principal

Acknowledgement
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It gives us immense pleasure to present the Micro-Project named “D C MOTOR” as

prescribed in the curriculum. It is a matter of great pleasure to our deep sense of
gratitude to Prof. S. D. Bhople, the Principal of Shreeyash Polytechnic,
Aurangabad, for her inspiration. We special thank to Prof. S.p. Bagal
for his encouragement.We wish to express our profound thanks J.G. Sulakshane
guide for his continuous support and guidance.

Yours Obediently

Mr. Abhinandan P. kakde

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INDEX
Of DC motor

 Defination of DC MOTOR
 Working principle of DC MOTOR
 Working of DC MOTOR
 Part of polor DC MOTOR
 Flaming left hand rules
 Types of DC MOTOR
 Separately excited DC MOTOR
 Permanent Magnet DC MOTOR
 Self Exited DC MOTOR
 Shunt,series,compound DC MOTOR
 Advantages of DC MOTOR
 Disadvantages of DC MOTOR
 Application of DC MOTOR
 What is the DC shunt motor
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MICROPROJECT IN E.E.C.

 DC MOTOR

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current (DC)
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced
by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in part of the
motor.
DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be powered from existing
direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a
wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its
field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can
operate on direct current but is a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools and
appliances. Larger DC motors are currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and
hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made
replacement of DC motors with AC motors po ssible in many applications

 DEFINATION of Dc motor:
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A DC motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. In a DC motor, the
input electrical energy is the direct current which is transformed into the mechanical rotation. In this session,
let us know what is a DC motor, types of DC motor and their applications.
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A
DC motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. 
The working of DC motor is based on the principle that when a current carrying
conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force. 
The direction of the mechanical force is given by Fleming’s Left-hand Rule and its
magnitude is given by F = BIL Newton.
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DC Motor Principle
A machine that converts DC electrical power into mechanical power is known as a
Direct Current motor. 
DC motor working is based on the principle that when a current carrying
conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the conductor experiences a mechanical
force. 
The direction of this force is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule and magnitude is
given by;
F = BIL Newtons
According to Fleming’s left-hand rule when an electric current passes through a coil
in a magnetic field, the magnetic force produces a torque that turns the DC motor.
ssible in many applications
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 Working of DC Motor
Consider a part of a multipolar DC motor as shown in the figure below. When the
terminals of the motor are connected to an external source of DC supply:
 the field magnets are excited developing alternate North and South poles
 the armature conductors carry currents.
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Part of a Multi-polar DC Motor

All conductors under North-pole carry currents in one direction while all the
conductors under South-pole carry currents in the opposite direction.
The armature conductors under N-pole carry currents into the plane of the paper
(denoted as ⊗ in the figure). And the conductors under S-pole carry currents out of
the plane of the paper (denoted as ⨀ in the figure).
Since each armature conductor is carrying current and is placed in the magnetic field,
a mechanical force acts on it.
On applying Fleming’s left-hand rule, it is clear that force on each conductor is
tending to rotate the armature in the anticlockwise direction. All these forces add
together to produce a driving torque which sets the armature rotates.
When the conductor moves from one side of a brush to the other, the current in that
conductor is reversed. At the same time, it comes under the influence of the next pole
which is of opposite polarity. Consequently, the direction of the force on the
conductor remains the same.
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 Types of DC Motors
So far, this guide has broadly explained how DC motors work, the history of these mechanisms, and what they
look like. While the principles are the same across variants, there are actually several different types of DC
motors, which offer specific advantages and disadvantages over each other.
This section of the guide will look at the four main types of DC motor - brushless, brushed, shunt, and series.
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As the name suggests, in case of a separately excited DC motor the supply is given
separately to the field and armature windings. The main distinguishing fact in these
types of DC motor is that, the armature current does not flow through the field
windings, as the field winding is energized from a separate external source of DC
current as shown in the figure beside.
From the torque equation of DC motor we know Tg = Ka φ Ia So the torque in this case
can be varied by varying field flux φ, independent of the armature current I a.
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 Permanent Magnet DC Motor

The permanent magnet DC motor (also known as a PMDC

motor) consists of an armature winding as in case of an usual
motor, but does not necessarily contain the field windings. The
construction of these types of DC motor are such that, radially
magnetized permanent magnets are mounted on the inner
periphery of the stator core to produce the field flux.
The rotor on the other hand has a conventional DC armature
with commutator segments and brushes. The diagrammatic
representation of a permanent magnet DC motor is given below.

The torque equation of DC motor suggests

Here φ is always constant, as permanent magnets of required

flux density are chosen at the time of construction and can’t be
changed there after.
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For a permanent magnet DC motor

Where, Ka1 = Ka.φ which is another constant. In this case, the

torque of DC Motor can only be changed by controlling the
armature supply.
Self Excited DC Motor
In case of self excited DC motor, the field winding is connected
either in series or in parallel or partly in series, partly in parallel
to the armature winding. Based on this, self excited DC Motors
can be classified as:

1. Shunt wound DC motor

2. Series wound DC motor
3. Compound wound DC motor
Let’s now go into the details of these types of self excited DC
motor.
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1. shunt wound DC motor

A DC shunt motor (also known as a shunt wound DC motor) is a type of self-excited DC motor where
the field windings are shunted to or are connected in parallel to the armature winding of the motor.
Since they are connected in parallel, the armature and field windings are exposed to the same supply
voltage.

2. series wound in DC motor

When the armature windings and field windings are connected in series, the motor is referred to as a
“series wound” DC motor. Being connected in series means the current through the armature and the field
windings is equal (Itotal= Ia= If), which allows the motor to draw a significant amount of current
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3. compound wound DC

A compound wound DC motor (also known as a DC compound motor) is a type of self-excited motor, and is made
up of both series the field coils S1 S2 and shunt field coils F1 F2 connected to the armature winding as shown in the figure
below

 Advantages Of DC Motor
1. DC motors are smaller in size.
2. These motors operate on DC supply then they can be used in electronics
devices.
3. DC motors are suitable for traction systems for driving heavy loads.
4. DC series motors have will high starting torque.
5. Wide range of speed control.
6. DC Shunt motors are best suited for armature control and field control.
7. DC motors have quick starting, stopping, reversing, and fast
acceleration.
8. DC motors are free from harmonics.
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 Disadvantages Of DC Motor

1.DC motors have a high initial cost.

2.Maintenance cost is high and increased operation
due to the presence of brushes and commutator.
3.Due to sparking at brush DC motors cannot
operate in explosive and hazardous conditions.
4.As the speed increases, the shaft gets vibrated and
the armature gets damaged.
5.We need converters to supply power to the motor.
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 Applications Of DC Motor
1. DC series motors are used where high starting torque is required and
variation of speed is possible. Series motors are used in traction
systems, cranes, air compressors, vacuum compressors, sewing
machines, etc.
2. Shunt motors are a special type of motor used where constant speed
is required. These motors are used in blowers, weaving machines,
spinning machines, lifts, etc.
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What is the DC shunt motor?

A shunt motor is a direct current motor whose two
windings are in parallel, with the same voltage across
each. For a shunt motor, induced voltage is
proportional to speed, and torque is proportional to
armature current. A shunt motor is designed to run at
practically constant speed, regardless of the load.