k|]dlk08 gf6sdf åGåsf] k|of]u, cj:yf / åGå

pTkGg x'g'sf sf/0fx¿

cg';GwfgfTds n]v

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k|]dlk08 gf6sdf åGåsf] k|of]u, cj:yf / åGå
pTkGg x'g'sf sf/0fx¿

cg';GwfgfTds n]v

k|:t'tstf{M
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:gftsf]Q/ tx -g]kfnL ljifo_ @)&*
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kf]v/f
k|]dlk08 gf6sdf åGåsf] k|of]u, cj:yf / åGå pTkGg x'g'sf sf/0fx¿
;f/ M
gf6ssf/ afns[i0f ;dåf/f /lrt k|]dlk08 gf6sdf P]ltxfl;s kl/b[Zodf lqsf]0ffTds k|]dsf]
åGåfTds ljifonfO{ cfwf/ lnPsf] 5 . o; gf6sdf åGåk|of]u / o;sf] cj:yfnfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . åGå
ljleGg k|sf/n] pTkGg x'g] ub{5 . ju{, hflt, k|]d / cfsif{0f cflblarsf] cfGtl/s åGå / dgdf pTkGg
cGtå{GånfO{ gf6sLo :j?k lbOPsf] 5 . gs'n / ;ljtfsf] rfl/lqs cj:yfnfO{ cg's"n / P]8ljnsf]
rl/qnfO{ k|lts"n kfqsf ?kdf pEofOPsf] 5 . gf6sdf lo d'Vo rl/qx¿sf] c;nL k|]d / jf;fgfTds
k|]dlarsf] lqsf]0ffTds åGånfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . ;ª\3if{ / k|]dsf] ;dt'Notfdf b'MvfGt df]8df
gf6ssf] cGTo eP klg k|]dsf] ;kmntf b]lvG5 . t;y{ o; gf6sdf åGåsf] cGTo;Fu} k|]dsf] ljho
ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] g} gf6ssf] ;f/tTj lng ;lsG5 .

d'Vo zAbfjnL M cg's"n, ckl/xfo{tf, cflj{efj, r/df]Tsif{, åGåk|of]u, åGåfTds, b'Jo{jxf/, k|lts"n,
k|0fo, ef]uljnf;, ;b\Jojxf/, lqsf]0fftds

ljifo k|j]z M
g]kfnL ;flxTosf ax'd'vL k|ltefsf wgL afns[i0f ;d -lj=;+= !(%(–@)#*_ gf6ssf/ / lrqsf/sf
?kdf lrlgG5g\ . pgn] g]kfnL ;flxTodf ljleGg ljwfsf s[ltx¿ /rgf u/L ;flxTo e08f/ eg]{ sfd
u/]sf 5g\ . /f0ff vfGbfgdf hlGdP/ klg cfkm"nfO{ ;j{;fwf/0f ;/x 7fGg] ;dn] lj=;+= @))& ;fnsf]
qmflGtkl5 ;a} g]kfnL;Fu a/fa/ b]vfpg pgn] …zdz]/ hËaxfb'/ /f0ffÚ x6fO{ …;dÚ dfq yk]sf lyP .
;flxTo n]vg If]qdf b]zelQm, /fli6«otf / /fli6«o :jfledfgsf ljifonfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ s[lt /rgf ug]{
;dn] gf6s, pkGof;, sljtf, v08sfJo, dxfsfJo, syf / lgaGw cflb ljljw ljwfdf snd rnfPsf]
b]lvG5 . cGo ljwfsf s]xL s[ltx¿ /rgf ePtf klg pgsf gf6\oIf]q ljwfsf s[ltx¿ k|d'v /x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnL ;flxTodf gf6\oIf]qdf …g]kfnL z]S;lko/Ú eg]/ afns[i0f ;dnfO{ lrGg ;lsG5 .
afns[i0f ;dsf Ps bh{geGbf a9L k|sflzt ePsf gf6sx¿df ljleGg k|j[lQx¿ kfOG5g\ .
ljof]ufGt, ;+of]ufGt, gf/Lj]bgf, k|]d, åGå jf ;ª\3if{, /fi6«k|]d h:tf k|j[lQx¿ kfOG5 . ;dåf/f /lrt
k|]dlk08 gf6sdf k|]d / o;af6 l;lh{t åGå kfOG5 . of] gf6s lj=;+= @))% df k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . of]
oyfy{jfbL ;fdflhs gf6s xf] . of] gf6s k|]d / åGådf cfwfl/t 5 . lqmofJofkf/ / åGåsf] ljsf; jf
cj:yfsf b[li6n] e"ldsfsf ?kdf cfPsf] 5 .
k|]dlk08 gf6s k|]dL / k|]ldsfsf] ljof]ufGt syf xf] . o;sf] j:t'of]hgf k|0fohlgt lqsf]0ffTds
l:yltdf cfwfl/t åGåfTds /x]sf] 5 . ljkl/t ljrf/, b[li6sf]0f, cg'ej / rfxgfx¿sf] kl/l:yltsf ;fy}
b'O{ lj/f]wL cj:yf jf u'0fx¿sf] hf]8 åGå xf] . s'g} k|d'v rl/qsf sfo{k|lt ha dflg;sf] OR5f s]lGb|t
x'G5, To;nfO{ cg's"n elgG5 eg] h;sf lj?4df n8\5g\ jf h;sf k|d'v lj/f]wL x\G5g\, To:tf rl/qnfO{
k|lts"n elgG5 . o;/L cg's"n / k|lts"n rl/qsf lardf x'g] ;DaGwnfO{ g} åGå elgG5 . olb rl/q b'i6
/ qm'/ tyf cfk/flws sfo{ klg u5{ eg] To;nfO{ k|lts"n -vngfos_ / /fd|f] jf c;n lqmofsnfkdf
cufl8 a9\g] rl/q cg's"n -gfos_ eg]/ eGg] ul/G5 . gfosn] klg cfˆgf] p2]Zo jf nIo;Dd k'Ug cfˆg}
efUo / kl/l:ylt;Fu klg ;ª\3if{ ug'{kb{5, o;nfO{ klg åGå elgG5 . d'Vo kfq cfkm}Fleq k/:k/ lj/f]wL
OR5fsf hfndf h]lnFbf klg åGå x'G5 . jf:tjdf åGå eg]sf] JolQmn] cfˆgf] nIo jf p2]Zo k|fKt ug{
cfˆg} lj/f]wL;Fu, lgolt;Fu / kl/l:ylt;Fu ;ª\3if{ ug'{ xf] .
k|]dlk08 gf6sdf åGånfO{ lqsf]0ffTds ?kdf k|]dsf] åGånfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . s]Gb|df ;ljtfnfO{ /fv]/
x]bf{ Psflt/ gs'n 5 eg] csf{lt/ P]8ljn 5 . b'j} ;ljtfnfO{ rfxG5g\ t/ b'j}sf rfxgf km/s 5g\,
ljk/Lt 5g\ . oL k/:k/lj/f]wL rfxgflarsf] åGå g} gf6ssf] cfGtl/s åGå xf] . log} ;Gbe{x¿nfO{ lnP/
afns[i0f ;dsf] k|]dlk08 gf6sdf /x]sf] åGåsf] cj:yfnfO{ cfn]vg ul/Psf] 5 .

!
;d:ofsyg M
cg's"n / k|lts"nsf] ;DaGwnfO{ åGå eGg] ul/G5 . o;sf nflu ;ª\3if{, lj/f]w, ;ª\s6 cflb cGo
zAb klg k|o'Qm x'G5 . To; zlQmnfO{ cg's"n elgG5 h;sf] kIfw/tf ;dfhnfO{ :jLsfo{ x'G5 / To;
zlQmnfO{ k|lts"n elgG5, hf] pQm zlQmsf] afws x'G5 . log} b'j} zlQmx¿sf ;DaGwaf6 åGåsf] l;h{gf
x'G5 . k|]dlk08 gf6sdf åGåfTds cj:yf l;lh{t ug]{ ljleGg sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . ltg} cj:yfnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{
o; n]vdf lgDg ;d:ofx¿nfO{ s]nfOPsf 5g\ M
s_ k|]dlk08 gf6sdf åGåsf] k|of]u s;/L ul/Psf] 5 <
v_ syfj:t'df åGå jf ;ª\3if{sf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <
u_ åGå pTkGg x'g'sf sf/0fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <

p2]Zo M
o; cg';Gwfg n]vsf] p2]Zo dfly pNn]lvt ;d:ofdf cl3 ;fl/Psf k|Zgsf] pQ/ vf]Hg] qmddf
o; n]vnfO{ lgDg p2]Zodf s]lGb|t ul/Psf] 5 M
s_ k|]dlk08 gf6sdf ePsf] åGåsf] k|of]u b]vfpg' .
v_ syfj:t'df åGå jf ;ª\3if{sf] cj:yf b]vfpg' .
u_ åGå pTkGg x'g'sf sf/0f kQf nufpg' .

cWoogsf] ;Ldf / ljlw M

afns[i0f ;dsf] oyfy{jfbdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs gf6s k|]dlk08df /x]sf] åGåk|of]u, cj:yf ljZn]if0f
/ o:tf] cj:yf pTkGg x'g] sf/0fx¿nfO{ o; n]vdf ;Lldttf ul/Psf] 5 . n]vgsf] nflu k':tsfnoLo
ljlw cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf] ;|f]t ljlwsf ?kdf k|]dlk08 gf6s / bf];|f] ljlwsf ?ksf gf6\o k|j[lQ,
ljZn]if0f / To;;Fu ;DalGwt ljljw ;fdu|Lx¿nfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . To:t} k|]dlk08 gf6ssf af/]df ljleGg
;dfnf]rsx¿n] u/]sf ;dfnf]rgfx¿nfO{ klg cfwf/ agfO{ o;leqsf] åGåfTds cj:yfnfO{ s]nfO{ k'li6
ul/Psf] 5 .

k"j{sfo{sf] ;dLIff M
syfj:t'ut k|j[lQaf6 x]bf{ gf6ssf/ afns[i0f ;dsf] gf6\on]vg s]jn dgf]/~hgsf] x]t' geP/
;dfhsf] dfgl;s, af}l4s / hLjgk4lt pTyfgsf k|of]hgn] el/Psf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L P]ltxfl;s
kl/b[Zodf 6]s]/ k|]dlk08 gf6sdf cGo k|j[lQsf ;fy} åGåfTds cj:yf klg b]lvG5 . lqmofJofkf/ / åGåsf
ljsf; jf cj:yfsf b[li6n] k|]dlk08 gf6ssf] ;'?jft e"ldsfsf ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . ;j{k|yd ljifosf]
:yfkgf jf ;d:ofsf] kl/ro u/fOPsf] 5 . To;kl5 kfqx¿sf] kl/ro u/fOPsf] kfOG5 . P]8ljn;Fu
gf}nLsf] kl/ro u/fO;s]kl5 / gf}nLsf] gofF gfdfs/0f …;ljtfÚ eO;s]kl5 dfq gs'nnfO{ cl3 ;fl/Psf]
5 . o;/L oL tLg d'Vo kfqsf] kl/ro dxTjsf ;fy u/fOPsf] / gf6sdf oL tLgcf]6} rl/qsf] e"ldsf
dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 . åGå log} rl/qsf lardf /xg] s'/fsf] cg'dfg klg ug{ ;lsG5 .
cg's"n / k|lts"n rl/qlar x'g] åGånfO{ gf6sdf lgDg tl/sfaf6 ;+of]hg ul/Psf] x'G5 Ù
s_ cg's"n kfq / k|lts"n kfqnfO{ b'O{ zlQmsf ?kdf pEofOg] ul/G5 .
v_ Psflt/ Pp6f JolQm / csf{lt/ k"/} ;dfhnfO{ b'O{ zlQmsf ?kdf pEofOG5 .
u_ Pp6} kfq cg's"n efj / ljrf/ jf k|lts"n efj / ljrf/nfO{ b'O{ zlQmsf ?kdf pEofOG5 .
-s_ / -v_ afXoåGå xf] eg] -u_ cfGtl/s åGå xf] . -zdf{ M @)%#M@!@_

åGå ljleGg k|sf/n] pTkGg x'g] u/]klg k|]dlk08 gf6sdf afXoåGå eGbf klg cfGtl/s åGå xfjL
b]lvG5 . cfGtl/s åGå jf JolQmsf cfˆgf dgl:ylt ljz]ifsf cGtå{Gå pbLodfg eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . o;f]
x'G5 ls p;f] x'G5 eGg] bf]wf/df k/]sf JolQmsf cGtå{Gån] pTkGg ;ª\3if{eGbf a9L pTsif{ x'G5 . p;}n]
o:tfsf] dfgl;s bzf a9L sf?l0fs ls jf qf;b x'G5 -a/fn, @)#(M&!_ . jf:tjdf åGå s'g} klg
cfVofgfTds / cfVofgsf syfgs tyf rl/q;Fu ;DalGwt eP/ cfpg] tTj xf] . o;nfO{ syfgs /

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kfqaf6 cnu u/]/ x]g{ ;lsb}g . h;/L syfgs / kfq;Fu åGåsf] ;DaGw cGof]Gofl>t x'G5 . sltn]
åGånfO{ s[ltsf] 5'§} ;+/rs 36s dfg] klg o;nfO{ syfgs / rl/q;Fu ;DalGwt jf tL b'j} tTjdf
cGtlg{lxt ckl/xfo{ tTj dfGg'k5{ . åGåk|of]un] syfgs / rl/qdf hLjGttf, ultzLntf, cfsif{stf,
tLa|tf ;+j]Btf cfpF5 . åGånfO{ lqmofJofkf/af6 cnUu} kf/]/ kf/]/ klg x]g{ ;lsb}g . lqmofJofkf/ / åGå
b'j}sf] cf/De x'G5, ljsf; x'G5, r/df]Tsf]if{ x'G5, x|f; x'G5 / ;dfkg x'G5 . åGån] gf6snfO{ x[bofu|fXo
hLjGt, ?lrk"0f{ / lrqdo agfOlbG5 . gf6\odf åGåk|of]u cfjZostf / snfTdstf b'j} xf] .
gf6sLo syfj:t'df syf cfkm}+df hlxNo} klg of}lus /rgf eP/ pkl:yt x'G5 / of] of}lus
/rgfsf cjnDag x'g\ M -!_ åGå / -@_ lqmofJofkf/ ->]i7, @)$!M@!@_ . >]i7sf cg';f/ syfdf åGå /
lqmofJofkf/sf lar cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . lqmofJofkf/nfO{ >[ª\vnfa4 ug]{ e"ldsf åGåsf] /
åGånfO{ >[ª\vnfa4 e"ldsf lqmofJofkf/sf] x'G5 . l;4fGt?kdf åGå gf6ssf] clgjfo{ tTj xf] . åGå
gePdf gf6sdf ult / hLjgsf] cGt;{ª\3if{ cfpg ;Sb}g . åGå dfgl;s / ef}lts b'O{ ?kdf b]lvG5 .
of] Ps JolQmsf] csf]{ JolQm jf JolQm;d"x;Fu / cfˆg} dg;Fu klg rN5 -pkfWofo, @)$)M@@^_ .
r/0fsf b[li6n] k|]dlk08 ;dsf gf6\o ofqfsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] gf6s xf] . of] gf6s lj=;+= @))% df
/rgf eO{ @))( df k|sflzt ePsf] ;kmn b'MvfGt / åGåfTds gf6s xf] . o;sf] j:t'of]hgf k|0fohlgt
lqsf]0ffTds l:yltdf cfwfl/t cGtå{GåfTds gf6s xf] . o; n]vdf k|]dlk08 gf6sdf ePsf] rfl/lqs
åGånfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L pQm cj:yfnfO{ ;f]bfx/0f :ki6 kfl/g] x'Fbf o; n]vsf] cf}lrTo k'li6 x'G5 .

k|]dlk08 gf6sdf åGåk|of]u M

gf6ssf/ afns[i0f ;d -lj=;+=!(%(–@)#*_ åf/f /lrt k|]dlk08 gf6s lj=;+= @))% ;fndf
k|sflzt ePsf] b]lvG5 . pgsf y'k|} gf6sx¿df b]zelQm, /fli6«otf / :jfledfgsf] ljifonfO{ syfj:t'sf
?kdf lnO{ /rgf ul/Psf] 5 . lt dWo] k|]dlk08 gf6s P]ltxfl;s ljifoj:t'nfO{ hf]8L b'MvfGt / åGåsf]
k|of]u u/L /rgf ul/Psf] 5 . k|]dlk08 gf6s oyfy{jfbL ;fdflhs gf6s xf] . of] gf6ssf] d'Vo ljifo k|]d
/ To;n] pAhfPsf] åGå xf] . k|B'Dg k|]ds} syf ;'gfpF5 / syf ;'gfpFb} eG5, æ==== lsgeg] o;df hLjg
/ d[To'sf] k|Zg 5 . k|Zg 5, k|]d cd[t xf] ls ljif < Tof] kf]lng'k5{ ls pv]lng' < k|]d ljif eP lxdfn
b]jtf 7"nf] d'v afP/ sfns'6 Hjfnf cf]sn"g\, ;+;f/ To;}df hnf];\ ======k|]d cd[t xf] eg] lsg gldnf}F <
oxL k|Zg 5 .Æ oxL k|ZgnfO{ k|]dlk08 gf6sdf gf6sLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . lqsf]0ffTds k|]dnfO{ lqmofJofkf/sf]
>[ª\vnfa4nfO{ e"ldsf afFw]/ o;df åGåsf] k|of]unfO{ cYof{OPsf] 5 .

syfj:t'df åGå jf ;ª\3if{sf] cj:yf M

k|]dlk08 gf6ssf] syfj:t' k|f/De, ljsf; / r/df]Tsif{ u/L tLg cj:yfdf ljeQm ePsf] kfOG5 .
k|f/De r/0fdf k|yd, bf];|f] / t];|f] cÍ kb{5g\ . ljsf; r/0fdf rt'y{, k~rd / 5}7f}F cÍ kb{5g\ / åGåsf]
r/df]Tsif{ r/0fdf ;Ktd, ci6d / gjf}F cÍ kb{5g\ .
k|f/lDes cj:yfdf ;ljtf, P]8ljn / gs'nsf] kl/rofTds ?\k kfOG5 . ;ljtf / gs'nsf] k|0fosf]
aLhf/f]k0f P]8ljnsf] ;ljtfk|ltsf] cfsif{s / gs'n ;ljtflar ;lGgs6 ;DaGw efu Psdf kfOG5 .
k|f/Den] j:t', rl/q / ljifosf] kl/rofTds ?k k|bfg u5{ Pj{ ljsf;fj:yfdf k'u]kl5 syfj:t'n] leGg
df]8 lng k'U5 . pBfgdf ePsf] ;ljtf / gs'nsf] ;DaGwn] 36gfnfO{ tLa|tf ylklbG5 . P]8ljnn] gs'nsf]
ljjfx ul/lbg] s'/f p7fpg' P]8ljnn] ;ljtfnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ ;'lgof]lht pkfo lyof] . olt eP/ klg ;ljtf
/ gs'nlarsf] k|]ddf s'g} sdL cfpFb}g . gs'nn] ljjfx ug{ gdfg]kl5 ;ljtf / gs'nnfO{ d]n x'g glbg]
cg]sf}F axfgf P]8ljnn] ug'{n] afwf pTkGg x'g hfG5 . o;n] rfl/lqs u7gdf ultdotfsf] cflj{efj x'G5
. syfj:t'n] gf6sLotf k|bfg u5{ . ;ljtfnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ P]8ljnsf] cfsif{0faf6 ePsf] lqmofzLntf To:t}
gs'nsf] ;ljtf;Fusf] ljof]uhGo l:yltn] åGåfTds tLa|tf lng k'U5 . cGtå{Gåsf] ;kmn k|ltlqmof :j?k
;ljtf l/8L k'u]/ gs'nsf] d[t z/L/nfO{ cFufnL u08sLdf xfd kmfn]sf] 36gfn] syfj:t'df åGå jf
;ª\3if{sf] r/df]Tsif{ cj:yf l;lh{t ePsf] 5 . cÍ rf/, kfFr / 5 syfgssf dWoefu;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\
. cÍ rf/df Psflt/ P]8ljnn] u/fP cg';f/ ;ljtfsf k|]ddf lgdUg gs'nnfO{ lzjk|;fb ljjfx ug{sf
nflu ;Nnfx lbG5 t/ gs'n c:jLsf/ u5{ . csf{lt/ gs'n / P]8ljnn] dg k/fPsL ;ljtf;Fu c?
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;';f/]x¿ 8fxf u5{g\ . k|]daf6 pTkGg åGån] b/af/ g} e'6\e'l6Psf] 5 . Psflt/ ;ljtfsf] k|]ddf ljXjn
ePsf] gs'nnfO{ k|B'Dg ;+;f/sf k|l;4 k|]d sxfgL ;'gfP/ w}o{ ug{ cg'/f]w ub}{ gs'n / ;ljtfnfO{ aflx/
cfZjf;g lbG5 . gs'nn] ljjfx ug{ gdfg]sf] / /flt/flt au}Frfdf ;';f/]x¿ gf]s/x¿;Fu ldN5g\ eGg]
yfxf kfP/ /flt aflx/ lg:sg ;Sg] 9f]sf P]8ljnn] y'Gg nufpF5 . ul/a lr§];Fu k|]d gug]{ cdnf / ul/a
gs'n;Fu k|]d ug]{ ;ljtfnfO{ t'ngf u/L …wg 7"nf] ls dg 7"nf]Ú eGg] åGånfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . P]8ljnn]
cfk"mn] /fv]sL / dg k/fOPsL tyf cg]s pkxf/ lbP/ ;ljtfnfO{ cfˆgf] hfndf kfg{ vf]Hbf P]8ljn /
p;sL :qLlar emu8f x'g hfG5 . gs'nnfO{ sfdaf6 lgsfnL ;ljtfnfO{ cfˆgf] hfndf kfg{ vf]Hbf
P]8ljnn] lbPsf] lk6fOn] gs'nnfO{ eGbf ;ljtfnfO{ a9L kL8f x'G5 . …d klxnf aflx/ hfG5' To;kl5
ltdLnfO{ aflx/ lgsfN5' .Ú eg]/ gs'nn] ;ljtfnfO{ cfZjf;g lbG5 . o; lqmofsnfkn] b'j} kIflar åGå
emg\ rls{Psf] 5 .
cÍ kfFrdf ;ljtfsf] cGtå{Gå lrq0f 5 . pm Psflt/ P]8ljnsf kmGbfaf6 s;/L lgSng] eGg]
lrGtfdf 5 eg] csf{lt/ gs'n;Fu ljof]un] ljrlnt x'G5] . b/af/df a:bf P]8ljnaf6 x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt
anfTsf/af6 s;/L hf]lug] eGg] kL8fdf klg 5 . o;/L c;nL k|]d / gSsnL k|]dlar åGå rls{b} uPsf]
5 . P]8ljnsf] dgdf cGtå{Gå 5 . ;ljtfsf] ?k / of}jg s;/L k|fKt ug]{ eg]/ pm ;f]lr/xG5 . P]8ljndf
kl/jt{gsf nIf0f b]lvG5 . pm /S;L vfFb} dfgl;s åGåaf6 hf]lug lemlgofsf] z/L/;Fu v]N5 . gs'n ef]ln
l/8L hfFb}5 eg]/ ;ljtf vfgf vfg klg 5f]l8lbG5] . ;ljtf / gs'nsf] kIf ;an / P]8ljnsf] kIf b'a{n
b]lvG5 .
cÍ 5df l/8Ldf k'u]sf] gs'n la/fdL k/]sf] / dflnsnfO{ laGtLkq la;fO{ n]v]sf] ;"rgf kfOG5 .
k|B'Dg ;ljtfsf] bfh' ;GtjL/nfO{ e]6]/ ;ljtf / gs'nsf] k|]d ;kmn kfg{ ;ljtfnfO{ b/af/af6 lgsfnL
gs'ng]/ k7fpg'k5{ egL ;GtjL/nfO{ P]8ljnsf] 9f]sfdf laGtL ug{ k7fpF5 . ptf P]8ljn ;ljtfnfO{ t]n
nufOdfUg] axfgfdf sf]7fdf af]nfpF5 t/ ;ljtf P]8ljnnfO{ 5'Flbg . /ftL gs'nsf] lj/xdf 8'a]sL / p;}sf]
;kgf b]v]/ PSn} afb{nLdf lgbfO/x]sL ;ljtfnfO{ ef]u ug{ dfntLn] pS;fOPsf] P]8ljn cfP/ ;ljtfsf]
z/L/ x]5{ / skfnnfO{ kG5fO{ la:tf/} xft ;dfpF5 . ;ljtf Ao'FemG5], s/fpF5] / efUg vf]H5] . P]8ljnn]
hah{:tL cfˆgf] kf;f]df afFw]/ anfTsf/ ug{ vf]H5 . P]8ljnsf] xftdf 6f]s]/ efu]kl5 p;af6 5'6sf/f
kfpF5] . oxfF ;ljtfnfO{ ef]Ug cfPsf] P]8ljnsf] xf/ / gs'n;Fu ;fFrf] k|]d ug]{ ;ljtfsf] lht ePsf] 5 .
jf;fgfTds k|]dnfO{ k5f/]/ c;nL k|]dsf] lht ePsf] 5 . P]8ljnn] xf/]sf] 5 . P]8ljnsf] k|lts"n k|j[lQsf]
xf/ ePsf] 5 . ;ljtfsf] c;n k|]dsf] lhtn] P]8ljnsf] rl/qdf cg's"n k|j[lQn] k|j]z kfPsf] 5 .

åGå pTkGg x'g] sf/0fx¿ M

k|]dlk08 gf6sdf k|]ds} åGå 5 . k|B'Dg, ;ljtf / gs'n k|]dnfO{ cd[t agfpg rfxG5g\ eg] P]8ljn
ljif agfpg rfxG5 . gs'n / ;ljtf tyf P]8ljnaLr k|]dsf nflu k]|dsf nflu åGå jf ;ª\3if{ x'G5 .
Gfs'n / ;ljtfnfO{ k|]dsf] cg's"n kIf / P]8ljnnfO{ k|lts"n kIf dg]/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ P]8ljnn] k|]dnfO{
ef]uljnf; agfPsf] 5, k|]dnfO{ uxgf lbP/, wg lbP/ lsGg ;lsg] agfPsf] 5 . gf6sdf juL{o åGå 5 .
P]8ljg wgL xf] eg] gs"n ul/a xf] . gf6sdf efUo jf lgolt;Fu klg kfqx?n] åGå u/]sf 5g\ . kfqkfqaLr
åGå 5 . ?k 7"nf] ls dg 7"nf], wg 7"nf] ls dg 7"nf] < eGg] b'O{ ljk/Lt efjn] åGå pTkGg ePsf] 5 .
gf6sdf ;Hhgtf / b'h{gtf, ;b\Jojxf/ / b'Jo{jxf/, :jfy{ / Tofu, pksf/ / cg'kf]sf/ cflb ljleGg
sf/0f åGå ePsf] 5 . gf6sn] bfDkTohLjgsf] k|]dljgfsf] åGånfO{ klg b]vfPsf] 5 . ;ljtfnfO{ P]8ljn /
gs'n b'j} hgfn] k|]d ubf{ lqsf]0ffTds k|]dsf] åGå b]lvG5 . gs'nnfO{ sdnf / ;ljtf b'j}n] k|]d ubf{ gs'n
s;sf] x'g] eGg] ljifodf åGå 5 . JolQmleqsf] cg's"n / k|lts"n ljrf/sf] åGån] ;Dk"0f{ gf6snfO{ afFw]sf]
5 . k|]dlk08 gf6sdf d"ntM kljq k|]d / jf;fgfTds k|]d cyjf k|]d / sfdsf] åGå 5 -pkfWofo,
@)%@M!((_ . k|]d, jf;gf, ;ª\3if{, ju{ h:tf ljljw ljifon] pTkGg ePsf] kl/l:yltn] gf6snfO{ åGåfTds
agfPsf] 5 .

$
k|flKt M
r/0fsf b[li6n] k|]dlk08 gf6s afns[i0f ;dsf gf6\oofqfsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] gf6s xf] . k|:t't
gf6ssf] syfj:t' lj=;+= !()% b]lv lnP/ !((% ;Ddsf] gAa] jif{sf] Oltxf;sf] ;fdflhs hLjgaf6
lnOPsf] xf] . gf6sdf kfq k|B'Dgsf cg';f/ of] s[lqd 36gf geO{ Oltxf; xf] . k|]dlk08sf] jf:tljs syf
;dsf xh'/af 8Da/ zdz]/sf] b/af/sf] leqL syf xf] -;dsf b'MvfGt gf6\o r]tgf, k[=!*$_ . o;df
c;nL k|]d / jf;gfTds k|]dlarsf] lqsf]0ffTds åGå /x]sf] 5 . åGå gf6sdf ckl/xfo{tf x'g] x'Fbf o;
gf6sdf gs'n / ;ljtfsf] ;Rrf k|]d / P]8ljnn] ;ljtfnfO{ u/]sf] jf;gfTds k|]dnfO{ Ps csf{df phfu/
agfO{ åGå pTkGg u/fOPsf] 5 . k|]d, jf;gf, ?lr / juL{o cfwf/n] åGånfO{ k'li6 ubf{ yk pbfx/0fsf ;fy
åGåsf] leGg b[li6sf]0f kfOg] x'gfn] o;nfO{ k|flKtsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .

lgisif{ M
gf6ssf/ afns[i0f ;dåf/f /lrt k|]dlk08 gf6sdf ;Rrf k|]d / zf/Ll/s jf jf;gfTds k|]dlarsf]
åGå / cGtå{Gå /x]sf] 5 . cg's"n kIfsf ?kdf gs'n / ;ljtfsf] c;nL k|]dnfO{ lnPsf] 5 eg] P]8ljnnfO{
k|lts"n kIf dfg]/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ P]8ljnn] k|]dnfO{ ef]uljnf; agfPsf] 5 . P]8ljnn] ;ljtfnfO{ z/L/sf
nflu k|]d ug{ yfn]sf] 5 t/ ;kmn gePsf] cj:yf 5 . gs'n sf];Fu laxf ug]{ ;f]lr/xFbf ;ljtfnfO{
b]v]kl5 p;df k|]d knfpF5 / ;ljtfn] klg gs'nnfO{ k|]d u5]{ . gs'n ;ljtfnfO{ b/af/af6 lgsfNg] pkfo
vf]H5 t/ ;kmn x'Fb}g . pm cfk"m g} b/af/af6 lg:s]/ hfg afWo x'G5 . ;f7L jif{sf] a"9f];Fu lax] ug{
gdfg]/ b/af/ l5/]sL ;ljtfsf] dflns P]8ljn xf], hf] w]/} P]Zjo{zfnL 5 . ;ljtf p;nfO{ jf:tf gu/L
p;s} gf]s/ gs'nnfO{ dg k/fpF5] . pm Pslgi7 eO{ gs'nnfO{ ;Rrf k|]d u5]{ . P]8ljn h:tf] k|lts"n
rl/qnfO{ cg's"n agfpF5] / b/afl/ofx¿nfO{ c;nL k|]dsf] ?k bz{g u/fP/ ;a}nfO{ cfˆgf] kIfdf ;xdt
u/fpFb} gs'nnfO{ e]6\5] t/ gs'n o; ;+;f/af6 ljbf eO;s]sf] x'G5 . afFRg] cfwf/ g} d/]kl5 pm klg
p;};Fu d5]{ . o;/L k|]dlk08 gf6sdf k|]d, jf;gf, rl/q, ?lr, b'Mv, / ju{sf] åGå / cGtå{Gå kfOG5 .

;Gbe{;fdu|L M
• pkfWofo, s]zjk|;fb M l/dfn JolQm / s[lt, ;femf k|sfzg, sf7df08f} -lj=;+= @)$!_
• pkfWofo s]zjk|;fb M ;dsf] b'MvfGt gf6\or]tgf, ;femf k|sfzg, sf7df08f} -lj=;+=
@)%@_
• >]i7, bof/fd M g]kfnL ;flxTosf s]xL k[i7, ;femf k|sfzg, ;femf k|sfzg, sf7df08f}
-lj=;+=@)$!_
• ;d, afns[i0f M k|]dlk08, ;femf k|sfzg, sf7df08f} -lj=;+= @))%_
• ;df{, tfgf M ;d / ;dsf s[lt, ;femf k|sfzg, sf7df08f} -lj=;+= @)#(_