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Current Affairs [PDF] - June 16-30, 2021

Current Affairs [PDF] - June 16-30, 2021
Contents
......................... .. ..... ...... . . ...............................................................
News Headlines ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
June 16, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
June 17, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
June 18, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
June 19, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
June 20, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
June 21, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
June 22, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
June 23, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
June 24, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
June 25, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
June 26, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
June 27, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
June 28, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
June 29, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
June 30, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
June 16, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
World Elder Abuse Awareness Day .................................................................................................................................................. 13
AEFI Panel confirms first Death linked to Vaccines ...................................................................................................................... 13
Australia-UK Free Trade Deal ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
Govt simplifies MSME registration process .................................................................................................................................... 14
NATO declares China a Global Security Challenge ...................................................................................................................... 15
Sustainable Development Report 2021 ............................................................................................................................................ 15
UNESCO Science Report .................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Twitter appoints interim Chief Compliance Officer for India .................................................................................................... 16
Boundary Between Solar System and Interstellar Space Mapped ............................................................................................. 17
PM Modi to address 5th edition of VivaTech ................................................................................................................................ 17
GI certified Jalgaon Banana exported to Dubai ............................................................................................................................. 18
Google Pay expands Cards Tokenization ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Biden-Putin Summit ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
What is AY.1 variant of Coronavirus? .............................................................................................................................................. 19
June 18, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
What is Juneteenth in US? .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Japan to issue COVID-19 Vaccine Passport ................................................................................................................................... 20
Cabinet approves Deep Ocean Mission .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Panel on energy efficiency, low carbon tech ................................................................................................................................. 20
India extends USD 100 mn LoC to Sri Lanka ................................................................................................................................ 21
Stygarctus keralensis: New Tardigrade species named after Kerala ......................................................................................... 21
Hebbal-Nagawara Valley Project ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought .................................................................................................................... 22
Cross-Disability Early Intervention Centers for children ............................................................................................................. 23
Restructuring of OFB into 7 Defence PSUs ................................................................................................................................... 23
Govt reduced Tariff on Edible Oil Import ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Global Peace Index 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................... 24
IMD's World Competitiveness Index ............................................................................................................................................... 25
Cabinet nod for Inland Vessels Bill ................................................................................................................................................... 25
June 19, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Second National Sickle Cell Conclave to be inaugurated ............................................................................................................ 25
QCI launches Indian Certification of Medical Devices Plus Scheme ........................................................................................ 26
India Post to release a ‘Special Cancellation’ .................................................................................................................................. 26
India-Bhutan: MOU inked to cooperate in areas of Environment ............................................................................................ 27
Climate Change to Increase Sea Level in Lakshadweep: Study ................................................................................................. 27
Oil Spill from Haldia-bound Portuguese flag container ship ..................................................................................................... 28
ECI releases Atlas on 2019 General Elections ............................................................................................................................... 28
World's Third Largest Diamond Unearthed .................................................................................................................................. 29
Veteran Athlete Milkha Singh passes away .................................................................................................................................... 29
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Indian Navy - European Union Naval Force Joint Exercise ........................................................................................................ 30
Summit for Vaccine Internationalism .............................................................................................................................................. 30
Centrum to takeover PMC Bank ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
Draft national strategy for Rural Development .............................................................................................................................. 31
Government to Reduce Road Accident Deaths by 50% ............................................................................................................. 32
UNDRR Report on Drought .............................................................................................................................................................. 32
June 21, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
International Yoga Day 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................. 33
Centre to link innovative agriculture technologies to farms in Northeast Region ................................................................. 33
Karnataka Coastal Zone Management Authority ......................................................................................................................... 34
India to host Summit on Green Hydrogen initiatives .................................................................................................................. 34
Chile to draft New Constitution ........................................................................................................................................................ 35
Social Justice Ministry sets up ’Divyangta Khel Kendras’ ............................................................................................................ 35
Tribal Affairs Ministry- NCERT partner for NISHTHA ............................................................................................................. 35
mYoga App ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
India-US launched Hydrogen Task Force ...................................................................................................................................... 36
What are Monoclonal antibodies? .................................................................................................................................................... 37
UN: India is 5th largest FDI recipient in 2020 .............................................................................................................................. 37
Tamil Nadu to set up Economic Advisory Council ...................................................................................................................... 38
SEBI Reconstitutes Takeover Panel .................................................................................................................................................. 38
Flex-fuel Engines to get mandatory in India .................................................................................................................................. 39
June 22, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 39
What is Virtual Water analysis? ......................................................................................................................................................... 39
Laurel Hubbard: 1st Trans Olympian .............................................................................................................................................. 39
Throat Gargle Sample Test for Children ....................................................................................................................................... 40
Swedish PM Stefan Lofven loses no-confidence vote ................................................................................................................. 40
Japan to allow 10,000 local fans at Olympics ................................................................................................................................ 41
Cassava: Feedstock for Bioethanol Production .............................................................................................................................. 41
UN: Great Barrier Reef should be listed as 'in danger’ ............................................................................................................... 42
Israel successfully tests airborne high-power Laser ...................................................................................................................... 42
Yellow Gold 48: Yellow Watermelon commercially introduced ............................................................................................... 43
Proposed Amendments to Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules, 2020 ...................................................................... 43
Assam signs MoU with Survey of India to implement Svamitva .............................................................................................. 43
UN Annual Report on children and armed conflict ..................................................................................................................... 44
Odisha: Only state to have all three species of crocodiles .......................................................................................................... 44
June 23, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45
Study: Benefits in Punjab due to BT Cotton adoption ................................................................................................................ 45
World’s first GM Rubber planted in Assam ................................................................................................................................... 45
India-Fiji MoU for Cooperation in Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 46
Green Tariff Policy launched ............................................................................................................................................................ 46
ZyCoV-D: World's first DNA-based Vaccine ................................................................................................................................ 47
Mizoram announces incentives for having more children ......................................................................................................... 48
Delhi launched Mukhyamantri Covid-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana .......................................................................... 48
International Olympic Day 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................... 49
WHO Report: Suicide worldwide in 2019 ..................................................................................................................................... 49
Gujarat launches Agricultural Diversification Scheme ................................................................................................................. 50
Reuters Digital News Report, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................. 50
Moody's: India's growth projection at 9.6 per cent for 2021 .................................................................................................... 51
BRICS Green Hydrogen Summit ...................................................................................................................................................... 51
Cabinet approves merger of CWC-CRWC ..................................................................................................................................... 51
Jamsetji Tata: World's top philanthropist of last century ............................................................................................................ 52
India- USA Navy Passage Exercise ................................................................................................................................................... 52
June 24, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 53
Cochin International Airport wins honour in airport service quality. ....................................................................................... 53
CII-IGBC launches Green High-Speed Rail Rating System ........................................................................................................ 53
Cabinet approves PMGKY 4.0 ......................................................................................................................................................... 54
Checklist of Colombian Butterflies- Highlights ............................................................................................................................. 54
Ingenuity undertakes 8th flight on the Mars ................................................................................................................................. 55

IIT Madras launches 'Centre for Research onTelegram @gktodaypdfs

Start-Ups and Risk Financing’ ....................................................................... 55
G20 Education Ministers’ Meeting .................................................................................................................................................. 56
G20 Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting ....................................................................................................................... 56
LIC introduces Technology Platform ‘e-PGS’ ............................................................................................................................... 57
International Widows Day 2021 ....................................................................................................................................................... 57
WHO: Delta variant may become dominant lineage .................................................................................................................... 58
CEOS COAST: ISRO- NOAA Project endorsed by UN Body .................................................................................................. 58
India to provide CoWIN technology to other countries .............................................................................................................. 58
India-Bhutan: Tax Inspectors Without Borders Initiative ............................................................................................................ 59
United Nations Public Service Day 2021 ........................................................................................................................................ 59
June 25, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 60
Kerala's Kaval Plus programme ........................................................................................................................................................ 60
Warren Buffett exits from the Gates Foundation ......................................................................................................................... 60
World Bank sanctions funds for Andhra's SALT programme ................................................................................................... 61
S&P Cuts India's Growth Forecast to 9.5% .................................................................................................................................... 61
Twitter- Razorpay tie up for Tip Jar feature ................................................................................................................................. 62
RIL launches New Clean Energy Business ...................................................................................................................................... 62
PM Modi asks to focus on 'toyconomy' ......................................................................................................................................... 63
China to run First Electric Train in Tibet ....................................................................................................................................... 63
NSDC-WhatsApp launched Digital Skill Champions Programme ........................................................................................... 64
Study: Nano-decoys from human LSCs can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 ..................................................................................... 64
Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project .......................................................................................................................... 65
West Bengal approves Student Credit Card scheme ................................................................................................................... 65
UN World Drug Report 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................... 66
FM addressed USISPF-Global Investors Meet .............................................................................................................................. 66
China plans First Manned MARS Mission in 2033 ..................................................................................................................... 66
June 26, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 67
Denmark signs ‘ISA FA’ ..................................................................................................................................................................... 67
6 years of Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT and PMAY-U ........................................................................................................... 67
NITI Aayog: National Convention on Prevention of Obesity .................................................................................................... 68
India's First IAC to be commissioned in 2022 .............................................................................................................................. 69
RBI: New Dividend Payout norms for NBFCs .............................................................................................................................. 69
BIS: India's bank credit-to-GDP ratio grows 56% in 2020 ...................................................................................................... 70
Kerala sets up Committee for Safety of Fishers ........................................................................................................................... 70
Japan to help India build Vaccine Cold Chain Facilities ............................................................................................................... 71
IIT Delhi develops Rapid Antigen Test Kit for COVID-19 ......................................................................................................... 71
Serbia grants market access for Indian Horticulture Products .................................................................................................. 71
New human species discovered in Israel ........................................................................................................................................ 72
International Day of the Seafarer 2021 ........................................................................................................................................... 72
Smart City Awards, 2020 .................................................................................................................................................................. 73
DRDO successfully test fires enhanced Pinaka Rockets .............................................................................................................. 73
Itat e-dwar: e-filing portal of IT Appellate Tribunal ................................................................................................................... 74
June 28, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
Goa: First Rabies-free state ................................................................................................................................................................ 74
New Definition of Small and medium companies (SMC) .......................................................................................................... 75
Odisha- WFP tie up to empower SHGs .......................................................................................................................................... 75
FAME scheme extended till 2024 .................................................................................................................................................... 76
International Day against Drug Abuse ............................................................................................................................................ 77
ESA to hire First Disabled Astronaut .............................................................................................................................................. 77
Indian Private players allowed to build and operate rocket launch sites ................................................................................. 78
Report: Indians invested $40 bn in cryptocurrency in 2020 .................................................................................................... 78
Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project - Key Facts ............................................................................................................................... 79
Taj named strongest hotel brand in the world ............................................................................................................................. 79
Amazon Web Services acquires encrypted messaging app Wickr ............................................................................................ 80
Exotic dragon fruit from Maharashtra exported to Dubai ......................................................................................................... 80
Riots in Lebanon over economy ........................................................................................................................................................ 81
DRDO flight test New-Gen Nuclear Capable Ballistic Missile Agni P ..................................................................................... 82
June 29, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 82

UK bans World’s Largest Crypto Exchange ................................................................................................................................... 82
FAO Report: Indigenous Peoples’ food systems ........................................................................................................................... 83
SEBI- Franklin Templeton case ........................................................................................................................................................ 83
Finance Minister announces Stimulus Package ............................................................................................................................. 84
China starts Baihetan Hydro Project ................................................................................................................................................ 85
National Statistics Day 2021 .............................................................................................................................................................. 86
Ukraine-NATO launch Black Sea drills .......................................................................................................................................... 86
Mastercard-Instamojo tie up to assist MSMEs, Gig workers .................................................................................................... 87
Govt to link e-courts with land records ......................................................................................................................................... 87
Assam's Burmese grapes exported to Dubai ................................................................................................................................. 88
P. Sainath awarded 2021 Fukuoka Prize ........................................................................................................................................ 88
Mobile World Congress 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................... 89
UN Report on Racial Justice and Equality ...................................................................................................................................... 90
NASA to create computer models to protect delta system ....................................................................................................... 90
June 30, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 91
Odisha to set up "Investment Promotion Agency" in all districts .............................................................................................. 91
Justice Department launches “Enforcing Contracts Portal” ........................................................................................................ 91
NITI Aayog: Study on 'Not-for-Profit' hospital model ............................................................................................................... 92
China certified Malaria-free ............................................................................................................................................................... 93
What is European Union’s Green Pass list? .................................................................................................................................... 93
Russia begins construction of 5th Nuclear Power Unit at Kudankulam ................................................................................. 94
SEBI amends norms for Independent Directors ........................................................................................................................... 94
Saudi to launch a Second National Airline ..................................................................................................................................... 95
Moderna: India licenses fourth Covid vaccine ............................................................................................................................... 96
Aadhaar can be ID proof for GRE, TOEFL ................................................................................................................................... 96
India cuts Crude Palm Oil Import Tax ........................................................................................................................................... 97
GoI extends tenure of NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant ............................................................................................................ 97
India ranks 10th in Cybersecurity Index ......................................................................................................................................... 98
120 Multiple Choice Questions ................................................................................................................................................................. 99
Note: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 126

News Headlines
June 16, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for June 16, 2021
INDIA
– Centre issues new guidelines to regulate attendance in govt offices; all officers at the level of
Under Secretary and above to attend offices on all working days from June 16 until June 30
– SC orders closure of case against two Italian marines accused of killing 2 Kerala fishermen in 2012
– Bihar-based LJP (Lok Janshakti Party) implodes, five Lok sabha MPs oust Chirag Paswan as leader,
elect Pashupati Kumar Paras
– Centre probing charges of over a lakh fake COVID tests during Kumbh Mela in Haridwar
– Rajasthan govt. to set up Vedic Education and Sanskar Board to revive the knowledge of ancient
Sanskrit scriptures
– EAM S. Jaishankar discusses bilateral cooperation with his Qatari counterpart Mohammed bin
Abdulrahman Al-Thani in Doha
– EAM S. Jaishankar inaugurates renovated Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Library in Nairobi, Kenya
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Canara Bank to be lead sponsor of NARCL (National Asset Reconstruction Company Limited) or
bad bank, to pick up 12% stake
– RBI proposes to lift interest rate cap on microfinance institutions
– RBI bans DHFL from taking deposits under Piramal Group management, reclassifies it as non-
deposit taking housing finance company
– Financial wealth in India grew 11 per cent to USD 3.4 trillion in 2020: BCG
– Centre allocates 78,000 tonnes of FCI (Food Corporation of India) rice for ethanol production
– Govt simplifies registration process for MSMEs; Only PAN card and Aadhaar required now
– Finance Ministry officials to hold meeting with Infosys on issues and glitches in recently launched
e-filing portal on June 22
– Centre invites objections and suggestions on draft rules relating to Employee’s Compensation
under Code on Social Security, 2020
– “NAFED Fortified Rice Bran Oil” launched; NAFED is National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing
Federation of India Ltd
– Shipping Ministry and Civil Aviation Ministry signs MoU for development of Sea Plane Services in
India
WORLD
– World Elder Abuse Awareness Day observed on June 15
– Soldiers from India and Sri Lanka serving with the United Nations Mission in South Sudan
(UNMISS) presented medals
– NATO leaders declare China a global security challenge
– Covid: WHO urges countries to bridge $16 bn funding gap for ACT (Access to COVID-19 Tools)
Accelerator
– UK’s PM Boris Johnson and his Australian counterpart Scott Morrison agree on free trade
agreement (FTA)
– NATO nations expand defence clause to jointly respond to attacks in space
– China, India and Pakistan expanding their nuclear arsenals: SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace
Research Institute)
SPORTS
– Football: India end FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign with 1-1 draw against Afghanistan in
Doha
– India’s D. Gukesh wins $15,000 Gelfand Challenge chess title

June 17, 2021
INDIA
– MoU signed between the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways and Ministry of Culture and
Tourism for Cooperation in Development of National Maritime Heritage Complex at Lothal in
Gujarat
– Twitter appoints interim Chief Compliance Officer for India as mandated under new IT rules
– IIT Bombay Hosts Conference of BRICS Network Universities as part of 13th BRICS Summit
– Statue of Colonel B Santosh Babu, who had lost his life during the India-China face-off at Galwan
Valley in Ladakh on June 15, 2020, inaugurated in Suryapet town of Telangana
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Mandatory hallmarking of gold jewellery and artefacts comes into effect from June 16; jewellers in
256 districts will be allowed to sell only 14, 18 and 22 carats of gold jewellery
– TRAI launches TV Channel Selector web portal for people to check, modify subscription
– Union Cabinet approves nutrient-based subsidy (NBS) for Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) fertilisers
– NHAI makes drone survey mandatory for all national highway projects
– Cabinet approves Deep Ocean Mission to explore deep ocean for resources; Ministry of Earth
Sciences (MoES) will be the nodal ministry
– ADB, India sign $484 million loan to upgrade road network in Tamil Nadu industrial corridor
WORLD
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh participates in ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus (ADMM-
Plus) via video conferencing
– PM Modi delivers keynote address at the 5th edition of VivaTech through video conferencing
– International Day of Family Remittances observed on June 16. Theme: ‘Recovery and resilience
through digital and financial inclusion’
June 18, 2021
INDIA
– Union Minister Thaawarchand Gehlot inaugurates 14 Cross Disability Early Intervention Centres
across the country to provide support to infants and young children at risk of or with disabilities
– Defence Minister inaugurates 12 strategic projects of Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
– Home Ministry operationalizes national helpline (155260), reporting platform for preventing cyber
fraud
– Government releases Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India
– Haryana announces Rs 5,000 one-time aid for labourers, shopkeepers hit by pandemic
– Zeinorin Stephen Angkang of Manipur selected by the Geneva-based Kofi Annan Foundation as one
of world’s 12 ‘exceptional young leaders’ for the Kofi Annan Changemakers 2021 initiative
– Possible 3rd Covid wave not more likely to affect kids: WHO-AIIMS survey
– Pashupati Kumar Paras elected president of Lok Janshakti Party
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. approves restructuring of Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) into 7 new corporate entities
– Govt slashes tariff value for edible oil import, may lead to lower domestic prices
– Union Cabinet approves Inland Vessels Bill, 2021, which will replace the Inland Vessels Act, 1917;
provides a unified law for the entire country, instead of separate rules framed by the States
– India extends USD 100 million Line of Credit to Sri Lanka for solar energy projects
– Montek Ahluwalia named member of World Bank-IMF High-Level Advisory Group
– Govt. appoints Aashish Chandorkar as ‘Counsellor’ in India’s Permanent Mission in WTO
– Indians’ funds in Swiss banks rise to 2.55 billion Swiss francs (over Rs 20,700 crore) in 2020
WORLD
– India maintains 43rd rank on IMD’s World Competitiveness Index; Switzerland tops chart
– 15th edition of Global Peace Index (GPI) released by Sydney-based Institute for Economics and
Peace (IEP); Iceland world’s most peaceful country, Afghanistan least peaceful
– U.S. President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin conclude summit meeting in Geneva
– China sends astronauts to its new space station Tiangong onboard spacecraft Shenzhou-12
– Microsoft names CEO Satya Nadella as its new Chairman
– World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought observed on June 17; theme:
“Restoration.Land.Recovery”
– British lawyer Karim Khan sworn in as chief prosecutor for the International Criminal Court
SPORTS
– Former Karnataka all-rounder B. Vijayakrishna dies at 71; was member of Karnataka team that
won three Ranji Trophy titles
– IOA signs MPL Sports Foundation as principal sponsor events till 2022 including Tokyo Olympics
and the 2022 Asian Games & Commonwealth Games
June 19, 2021
INDIA
– PM Modi launches Customised Crash Course programme for COVID-19 Frontline Workers; 1 lakh
COVID warriors to be trained in 2-3 months
– NGT forms committee for rejuvenation of Ganga tributaries Varuna and Assi rivers in Varanasi
– Study shows chances of hospitalisation reduce by 75 to 80 per cent after vaccination, says Member
Health, NITI Aayog, Dr V K Paul
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Foreign exchange reserves surged by USD 3.074 billion to reach a record high of USD 608.081
billion in the week ended June 11
– CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) ties up with Tata MD, a subsidiary of the Tata
Group, to develop mobile testing laboratories to increase COVID-19 testing capacity in rural India
WORLD
– India participating in ‘EUNAVFOR’ joint naval exercise in Gulf of Aden on June 18-19
– European Union Naval Force Somalia (EUNAVFOR) is the EU’s counter-piracy mission off the
coast of Somalia
– India launches new trilateral with Italy and Japan for Indo-Pacific stability
– Zambia’s founding president, Kenneth Kaunda, dies aged 97 in Lusaka
– UN refugee agency says 3 mn driven from homes in 2020 despite Covid crisis
– Antonio Guterres re-elected as UN Secretary General for 2nd 5-year term beginning January 1,
2022
– Sustainable Gastronomy Day observed on June 18
June 20, 2021
INDIA
– Centre asks state governments to register cases and invoke the stringent Epidemic Diseases
(Amendment) Act, 2020 against those who indulge in assault on doctors and healthcare professionals
– Education Ministry releases guidelines for parent participation in home-based learning during
school closure
– Minority Affairs Ministry to launch nationwide “Jaan Hai To Jahaan Hai” awareness campaign on
Covid-19 vaccination
– Centre’s transgender ID portal now available in 11 languages including Hindi and English
– India Post to issue special cancellation stamp to mark International Yoga Day (June 21)
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– DPIIT (Department of Industry and Internal Trade) Secretary Guruprasad Mohapatra dies of Covid-
related complications at the age of 59
– NIXI (National Internet Exchange of India) announces personalised email for .IN users
WORLD
– UN General Assembly adopts resolution calling upon Myanmar armed forces to end the state of
emergency and ensure transition to democracy; India abstains from voting
– 60-year old Ebrahim Raisi elected new President of Iran
– International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict observed on June 21
– Guinea declares end to latest Ebola outbreak that killed 12: WHO
– IMF proposes setting up of an international carbon price floor to help limit global warming
SPORTS
– Athletics legend and Padma Shri (1959) winner Milkha Singh dies at the age of 91; won 4 gold
medals at Asian Games (2 each at 1958 Tokyo and 1962 Jakarta Games) and finished 4th in the
400m final of the 1960 Rome Olympics
June 21, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for June 21, 2021.
INDIA
– Any lapse in stating COVID-19 as the cause of demise in a death certificate will have penal
consequences for those found responsible, including the certifying doctor: Centre
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– SEBI halts PNB Housing Finances’ preferential issue of shares worth up to Rs 4,000 crore to
Carlyle Group
– India to host BRICS Summit on Green Hydrogen Initiatives on June 22-23, online event will be
anchored by PSU NTPC Ltd
– Adani Power to acquire 1,200 MW Essar Powers’ Mahan project in Singrauli district of MP
WORLD
– World Refugee Day observed on June 20, theme: “Together we heal, learn and shine”
– World Sickle Cell Awareness Day observed on June 19; sickle cell is an inherited blood disorder
SPORTS
– Govt. to set up 5 Divyangta Khel Kendras in different parts of country: Social Justice and
Empowerment Minister Thaawarchand Gehlot
– BCCI to donate Rs 10 crore for Olympic-bound athletes’ preparations
– Red Bull’s Max Verstappen wins Formula One French Grand Prix
June 22, 2021
YOGA DAY
– International Day of Yoga celebrated on June 21, theme: ‘Yoga for well-being’
– PM launches “mYoga” mobile app which has training videos and audios on International Day of
Yoga (June 21)
– “mYoga” mobile app developed by the Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, Ministry of Ayush
in partnership with WHO
INDIA
– Supreme Court says govt must simplify COVID-19 death certification process
– NHRC constitutes 7-member committee to enquire into complaints of post poll violence in West
Bengal
– J&K govt. cancels Amarnath Yatra for this year due to COVID-19
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– India receives $64 bn FDI in 2020, fifth largest recipient of inflows: World Investment Report 2021
of UNCTAD (UN Conference on Trade and Development)
– Govt extends waiver of Inter-State Transmission charges on transmission of electricity generated
from solar and wind sources till June 2025
– Raghuram Rajan, Arvind Subramanian, Esther Duflo and Jean Dreze appointed in the Economic
Advisory Council to the Tamil Nadu chief minister
WORLD
– Armenia’s acting PM, Nikol Pashinyan and his Civil Contract Party win parliamentary election
– Sweden’s parliament ousts PM Stefan Lofven in no-confidence vote
– Taiwanese staff to leave Hong Kong office in ‘one China’ row
– World Music Day celebrated on June 21
– International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice observed by UN on June 21
June 23, 2021
INDIA
– Britain posts liaison officer at Indian Navy’s Information Fusion Centre at Gurgaon
– Kerala High Court stays order of Lakshadweep administration to remove meat products from the
menu of midday meals for school children
– J&K amends service rules, new recruits required to provide mobile numbers used in 5 years &
details of in-laws
– Assam signs MoU with Survey of India for rural property survey for implementing the Svamitva
scheme in the state
– Karnataka court directs ex-PM H. D. Deve Gowda to pay Rs 2 cr damages to NICE (Nandi
Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises)
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Goa Shipyard Ltd gets contract to build two Pollution Control Vessels for the Indian Coast Guard
for Rs 583 crores
– ARDE (Armament Research and Development Establishment), Pune develops State-of-the-Art
Canopy Severance System for fighter aircraft which helps safe ejection of pilot in distress
– National Companies Law Tribunal (NCLT) approves Jet Airways’ revival plan submitted by a
consortium of London-based Kalrock Capital and UAE-based businessman Murari Lal Jalan
– Buy electronic weighing machines for ration shops from ePoS (electronic Point of Sale) savings:
Centre to States
– WCD Minister Smriti Irani and MoS for Education Sanjay Dhotre inaugurate Toycathon 2021 grand
finale
– India, Fiji sign MoU for cooperation in Agriculture and Allied Sectors
WORLD
– UNESCO says Australia’s Great Barrier Reef should be listed as ‘in danger’
– Cuba says its 3-shot Abdala vaccine 92.28% effective against coronavirus; not using foreign
vaccines
SPORTS
– Athletics: Tajinderpal Singh Toor qualifies for Tokyo Games in shot-put with new Asian record
throw of 21.49 metres in the Indian Grand Prix IV in Patiala
June 24, 2021
INDIA
– India, US holding mega wargame in Indian Ocean on June 23-24
– G20 Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting held in New Delhi; Minister for Labour and
Employment Santosh Gangwar participated
– G20 Education Ministers’ Meeting hosted by Italy; Minister of State for Education Sanjay Dhotre
participated
– Carnatic music singer and Padma Shri award-winner Parassala B. Ponnammal dies at 96 in Kerala
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Enforcement Directorate (ED) transfers attached assets worth Rs 9,371 crore to public sector
banks which had incurred losses on account of bank frauds by Vijay Mallya, Mehul Choksi and Nirav
Modi
– Cabinet approves allocation of additional foodgrain under PMGKY (Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan
Yojana), Phase IV for another period of five months from July to November
– Centre removes distinction between domestic and international OSPs (Other Service Providers)
allowing BPO centres with common telecom resources to serve customers located worldwide
– Cabinet approves agreement with Saint Vincent and The Grenadines for tax information exchange
– IBM-IISc Hybrid Cloud lab launched to advance research in hybrid cloud technologies
– Gujarat govt. to provide subsidy of up to ₹20,000 on electric two-wheelers, ₹50,000 on electric
three-wheelers and ₹1,50,000 on electric four-wheelers
– Financial savings down to 8.2% of GDP in the December quarter of 2020-21, were 10.4% in July-
September: RBI
– Cash deposits of up to ₹2.5 lakh by housewife’s post demonetisation will not come under I-T
scrutiny: Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT)
– LIC introduces centralised web-enabled workflow-based technology platform ‘e-PGS’
WORLD
– India ranked 31 out of 46 countries on level of trust in news: Reuters Institute Digital News Report,
2021
– Central bank digital currencies can offer finality, liquidity, integrity: BIS (Bank for International
Settlements)
– Hong Kong pro-democracy paper Apple Daily confirms closure; owner Jimmy Lai currently in jail
– International Widows’ Day observed on June 23, theme: “Invisible Women, Invisible Problems”
– United Nations Public Service Day celebrated on June 23 under the theme: “Innovating the Future
Public Service: New Government Models for a New Era to Reach the SDGs”
– Bhutan’s Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB) programme launched in partnership with India
SPORTS
– International Olympic Day celebrated on June 23; International Olympic Committee (IOC) founded
on 23 June 1894 in Sorbonne, Paris
– India’s official Olympic theme song titled “Lakshya Tera Samne Hai” launched; composed and sung
by Mohit Chauhan
– New Zealand beat India by eight wickets in the final of World Test Championship (WTC) at Rose
Bowl, Southampton, England
June 25, 2021
INDIA
– PM meets J&K leaders in New Delhi including 4 ex-CMs: Farooq Abdullah, Ghulam Nabi Azad,
Omar Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti
– Dr. Harsh Vardhan addresses the virtual event to Highlight 25 Years of Global Tobacco Control
Progress
– Former Kerala Health Minister K. K. Shailaja awarded Central European University (CEU) Open
Society Prize in recognition of her commitment to public health services
TOYCATHON
– PM interacts with participants of Toycathon-2021 via video conferencing
– Toycathon-2021 jointly launched by the Ministry of Education, WCD Ministry, MSME Ministry,
DPIIT, Textile Ministry, I&B Ministry and AICTE in January 2021 to crowd-source innovative toys
and games ideas
– 1,567 ideas were shortlisted for the three-day online Toycathon Grand Finale held from June 22 to
June 24
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Ministry of corporate affairs expands definition of small and medium companies (SMC), raising
their turnover (Rs 250 crore) and borrowing limits (Rs 50 crore)

– NBFCs can give dividend only if accounts are clean, NPAs not hidden, and are below 6% for the
last three years: RBI
– S&P Global Ratings cuts India’s growth forecast for 2021-22 to 9.5 per cent, from 11 per cent
earlier
– Army issues tender for 1,750 Futuristic Infantry Combat Vehicles (FICVs) under the Make in India
initiative
– Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas and Steel Dharmendra Pradhan holds meeting with OPEC
Secretary General Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo
– Odisha govt joins hands with UN WFP to improve household food & nutritional security through
women SHGs
– World Bank providing $32 million loan for Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project
– SBI launches Aarogyam healthcare business loan for healthcare sector; hospitals, nursing homes
can avail of loans up to Rs 100 crore (as per the geographic location) repayable in 10 years
WORLD
– India votes in favour of a General Assembly resolution demanding end on U.S. economic blockade
against Cuba
– Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) meeting of NSAs (national security advisors) held in
Tajikistan’s capital Dushanbe
– World Health Organization’s Tedros Ghebreyesus, World Intellectual Property Organization’s
Daren Tang and World Trade Organization’s Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala launch joint platform to help
countries plug the gaps in accessing Covid-19 vaccines, treatments and technologies
– Around 275 million people used drugs worldwide in 2020 says World Drug Report of UNODC (U.N.
Office on Drugs and Crime)
– Last print edition of pro-democracy newspaper Apple Daily sold out across Hong Kong
– Philippines: Former President (2020-2016) Benigno Aquino III dies at 61
– John McAfee (75), antivirus software pioneer, found dead in Spanish prison
SPORTS
– Portugal striker Cristiano Ronaldo (109 goals) becomes joint top-scorer in men’s international
football with Iran’s Ali Daei
June 26, 2021
INDIA
– U.P. ranked best state under Smart Cities Mission by Housing & Urban Affairs Ministry; Indore &
Surat jointly named best cities
– CBSE to hold optional exams in August; Class 10, 12 students unhappy with assessment formula
can take it, says Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank
– NITI Aayog organizes National Consultation on Prevention of Maternal, Adolescent and Childhood
Obesity
– MIB Prakash Javadekar relaunches IIMC’s (Indian Institute of Mass Communication) research
Journals, Communicator & Sanchar Madhyam
– India, China agree on need to find early resolution to remaining issues along LAC (Line of Actual
Control) in Eastern Ladakh
– MoS Education Sanjay Dhotre launches RAT (Rapid Antigen Test) kit for COVID-19 developed by
IIT Delhi
– 2-day integrated bilateral exercise between Indian and US Forces in the Indian Ocean Region
concludes
– DRDO successfully test fires Enhanced Pinaka Rocket that can destroy targets at distances up to
45 kms
– China operationalises fully electrified bullet train connecting Tibet’s capital Lhasa and Nyingchi, a
Tibetan border town close to Arunachal Pradesh

COVID-19 IT EXEMPTIONS
– Govt announces tax exemption for expenditure on COVID-19 treatment, ex-gratia received
– Exemption allowed without any limit for the amount received from the employer
– Exemption limited to Rs. 10 lakhs in aggregate for the amount received from any other persons
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– India’s forex reserves decline by USD 4.148 billion to reach USD 603.933 billion for the week
ended June 18
– Finance Minister participates in global investors roundtable organised by US-India Strategic
Partnership Forum (USISPF)
– Govt extends the deadline of EV promotion scheme FAME-II (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing
of Electric Vehicles in India Phase II) till March 2024
– Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad launches ‘itat e-dwar’, an e-filing portal of Income Tax Appellate
Tribunal
– World Bank approves $125 million Resilient Kerala program to support state’s preparedness
against natural disasters
– Japan to provide USD 9.3 million aid to India for building cold chain system to fight COVID-19
– Serum Institute of India starts manufacturing Covovax, a COVID-19 vaccine developed by Novavax
Inc of US
WORLD
– Global terror financing watchdog FATF (Financial Action Task Force) retains Pakistan on its “grey
list” for not doing enough to curb terror funding
– Day of the Seafarer celebrated on June 25, this year’s campaign: “fair future for seafarers”
June 27, 2021
INDIA
– Social Justice & Empowerment Minister Thaawarchand Gehlot launches website for Nasha Mukt
Bharat Abhiyaan on the occasion of International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
(June 26)
– Vigilance Commissioner Suresh N. Patel appointed acting central vigilance commissioner (CVC) in
the Central Vigilance Commission
– Over 1,500 publishers have submitted information in the formats prescribed under Information
Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021: Govt.
– Andhra Pradesh government dispenses with interviews for all future recruitments in govt. jobs
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Indian economy may grow 8.4-10.1% in current financial year: NCAER
– India exports first consignment of Dragon Fruit (Kamalam) sourced from Sangli district of
Maharashtra
WORLD
– International Day in Support of Victims of Torture observed on June 26
– International Day against Drug Abuse & Illicit Trafficking observed on June 26; theme ‘Share Facts
On Drugs, Save Lives’
– Paris-based Financial Action Task Force (FATF) adds Malta, Haiti, the Philippines and South Sudan
to gray list
– US: Former police officer Derek Chauvin sentenced to 22.5 years in death of George Floyd
– EAM S. Jaishankar calls on Greece’s PM Kyriakos Mitsotakis in Athens, holds bilateral talks with
Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias
SPORTS
– Archery World Cup in Paris: Abhishek Verma wins compound men’s individual gold
– Shooting World Cup in Osijek, Croatia: Manu Bhaker & Saurabh Chaudhary win silver in mixed air
pistol team event

June 28, 2021

INDIA
– Two personnel injured in twin blasts at Jammu Air Force Station caused by unmanned aerial
vehicles
– PM inaugurates Japanese Zen Garden and Kaizen Academy at Ahmedabad Management
Association
– Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria calls on Chief of Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) Air
Marshal Shaikh Abdul Hannan at Dhaka
– INS Tabar deployed for naval exercises in Africa, Europe
– ‘Anomalies in Law and Justice’, a book by former SC judge Justice R V Raveendran released
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Railways improve operating ratio to 97.45% in 2020-21 from 98.36% in 2019-20
WORLD
– Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day observed on June 27; theme: “MSME 2021: key to
an inclusive and sustainable recovery”
– U.K. Health Secretary Matt Hancock quits over breach of COVID-19 rules
SPORTS
– Red Bull’s Max Verstappen wins Formula One Styrian Grand Prix at Spielberg, Austria
– Indian women’s recurve team of Deepika Kumari, Ankita Bhakat and Komalika Bari win gold at
Archery World Cup Stage 3 in Paris
– Shafali Verma (17 years and 150 days) becomes youngest Indian cricketer to make debut across
formats
– Neeraj Chopra bags bronze medal in javelin throw at Kuortane Games in Finland at 86.79 metres
– Tamil Nadu CM M. K. Stalin announces Rs. 3 crore prize money for gold medal winners in Tokyo
Olympics
June 29, 2021
INDIA
– DRDO tests new generation nuclear capable missile Agni-P (Prime) having 1,000-2,000 km range
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurates 63 bridges, built by BRO (Border Roads
Organisation), in 6 States and 2 Union Territories
– Tenure of Attorney General K.K. Venugopal extended by a year
– CoWIN open-source version to be given to 50 nations: R.S. Sharma, CEO, National Health
Authority (NHA) and CoWIN platform
– Telangana govt to provide Rs 10 lakh financial assistance to Dalit families under the Chief Minister
Dalit Empowerment Programme
RELIEF PACKAGE
– Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announces relief package of Rs 6,28,993 crore to support
Indian economy in fight against COVID-19 pandemic
– Rs 1.1 lakh crore loan guarantee scheme for COVID affected sectors such as health and tourism
– Additional Rs 1.5 lakh crore for Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS), Rs. 3 lakh
crore allocated earlier
– Credit Guarantee Scheme to facilitate loans to 25 lakh persons through Micro Finance Institutions
(MFIs)
– Free one-month Tourist Visa to first 5 lakh tourists
– Extension of Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana till 31st March 2022
– Additional subsidy of Rs. 14,775 crores for DAP & P&K fertilizers
– Extension of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY) – Free food grains from May to
November, 2021
– Rs. 23,220 crore more for public health with emphasis on children and paediatric care/paediatric
beds
– Revival of North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation (NERAMAC) with package
of Rs 77.45 crore
– Rs. 33,000 crore boost for project exports through National Export Insurance Account (NEIA)
– Rs. 88,000 crore boost to Export Insurance Cover
– Additional Rs. 19,041 crore for Broadband to each Village through BharatNet PPP Model;
BharatNet is a nationwide initiative to connect 6 lakh villages with optic fibre-based network for the
delivery of Internet services
– Extension of Tenure of PLI Scheme for Large Scale Electronics Manufacturing till 2025-26
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (DRL) launches DRDO drug 2-DG to treat moderate to severe Covid
patients
– National Insurance Awareness Day observed on June 28
– Burmese grapes referred as ‘Leteku’ in Assamese language exported from Guwahati
WORLD
– At UNSC, India flags issue of children being recruited for terrorism-related activities
– Indian journalist P. Sainath wins Japan’s Fukuoka Prize for 2021 for promoting civil cooperation
through his writing
– Ukraine and the United States launch Sea Breeze naval exercises in the Black Sea
– Sweden’s PM Stefan Lofven resigns
– China turns on world’s second-biggest hydropower dam, the Baihetan Dam on the Jinsha River
SPORTS
– India’s Rahi Sarnobat wins gold in women’s 25 metres pistol event at Shooting World Cup in
Croatia
June 30, 2021
INDIA
– SC directs States/UTs to implement the ‘one nation, one ration card scheme’ by July 31
– ISRO Chairman Dr. K. Sivan launches NHP (National Hydrology Project)–Bhuvan portal of NRSC
(National Remote Sensing Centre) to facilitate effective water resource development and
management
– Jal Shakti Ministry releases updated atlas of glacial lakes in Ganga river basin; will be used in
carrying out climate change impact analysis and disaster mitigation planning
– GSI (Geological Survey of India) releases report on flash flood on February 7 in Chamoli district of
Uttarakhand in which more than 200 died
– Indians value religious freedom and tolerance but not great at integration says a survey conducted
by Pew Research Center, a non-profit based in Washington DC
– President lays foundation stone of Bhimrao Ambedkar memorial being built by UP govt. in
Lucknow
– Atul Keshap appointed next U.S. Chargé D’affaires in India
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Web portal on “Enforcing Contracts” regime for Ease of Doing Business in India launched
– NATRAX (National Automotive Test Tracks): Asia’s longest High-Speed Track of 11.3 km for
vehicles’ testing inaugurated in Indore (MP)
– Russia’s Rosatom starts construction of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Unit 5 in Tamil
Nadu
– Government gives nod for Cipla to import Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine
– Johnson & Johnson says no trial needed in India for its single-dose Janssen COVID-19 vaccine
– Brazil suspends $324 million deal to buy Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin vaccine from India over

allegations of irregularities in the contract
– COVID-19: Five pharma majors — Cipla, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Emcure, Sun Pharma and
Torrent — to collaborate for clinical trials in India of antiviral drug Molnupiravir
– Tenure to NITI Aayog chief executive Amitabh Kant extended by one year till June 30, 2022
– US announces $41 million additional assistance to India for Covid response taking the total aid to
more than USD 200 million
WORLD
– US first, India tenth on ITU’s (International Telecommunication Union) Global Cyber Security
Index 2020
– Indian Ambassador to China Vikram Misri presents translated version of 10 classic works of
modern literature by Indian authors to the SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) Secretariat in
Beijing
– External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar participates in G20 Foreign Ministers meeting at Matera in
Italy
– Indian Navy’s Hydrographic Survey ship INS Sarvekshak carrying out underwater survey around
MV Xpress Pearl that sank in Colombo harbour in June
– International Day of the Tropics celebrated on June 29
SPORTS
– Sydney McLaughlin of US creates new world record in women’s 400-meter hurdles at 51.90
seconds
June 16, 2021
World Elder Abuse Awareness Day
World Elder Abuse Awareness Day is marked on June 15 every year. The day raise awareness regarding
abuses (verbal, physical or emotional) suffered by elderly population across the world.
Theme
This year, theme of World Elder Abuse Awareness Day is ‘Access to Justice’.
Background
The day was started being celebrated in June 2006 following a request made to declare June 15 as a
special day for elders. However, United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) officially recognised the day in
2011.
Significance of the day
In 2021, the day is more relevant in view of Covid-19 pandemic that has affected millions of lives worldwide.
Pandemic is causing fear and suffering for older people. apart from impacting their health, pandemic is
making older people vulnerable to poverty, discrimination and isolation. Further, older population are at risk
of mortality. UN estimated, 66 percent of people aged 70 and above have at least one underlying condition
which is putting them at increased risk of Covid-19 induced complications. Older persons also face age
discrimination with respect to medical care, triage and life-saving therapies.
AEFI Panel confirms first Death linked to Vaccines
National AEFI (Adverse Events Following Immunisation) panel has confirmed first death linked to covid-19
vaccine. A 68-year-old person got severe allergic reaction after he was vaccinated in March who died later.
Key points
The panel was set up to study side effects of covid-19 vaccine.
Panel confirmed, the first death was due to anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction caused due to
venom, food or medication) following vaccination.
Panel released data for vaccinations only till first week of April and examined deaths that caused
post vaccination in February, March and April.
According to panel, reported death rate was 2.7 deaths and while hospitalisation rate was 4.8 per
million vaccine doses administered. However, this does not imply that deaths or hospitalisations
were caused after vaccinations. Proper investigation and causality assessments can establish any
relation between both.
Panel assessed 31 cases out of which, 18 were having inconsistent causal association to
vaccination, 7 cases were indeterminate, 3 were vaccine-product related, 1 was anxiety-related
reaction while 2 were unclassifiable.
What different reactions were observed?
According to Panel, vaccine-product related reactions were expected. Indeterminate reactions are reactions
that are occurring soon after vaccination but no clinical trial data shows that, it could have been caused due
to vaccine. Unclassifiable events are those which have been investigated but there is not enough evidence
to assign a diagnosis. Coincidental events are events reported following vaccination. However, a clear
cause associated with such events has been found.
Australia-UK Free Trade Deal
United Kingdom and Australia has signed a free trade deal on June 15, 2021. This trade deal eliminates
tariffs on wide range of goods. This deal was signed following UK’s exit from European Union. With this
deal, U.K. seeks to expand links across the world.
Significance of the deal
This deal is expected to boost exports of traditional British products like Scotch whisky. It will also
boost imports of lamb and wine from Australia.
Deal will also help it join “Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
(CPTPP)”. CPTPP is considered as a gateway of increasing trade throughout Asia-Pacific region.
It will reduce tariffs on products clothing & cars and reduce levies on agricultural products. However,
reduction of levies on agricultural products sparked a backlash from farming sector in UK. They are
of the view that, they would be undercut by cheap meat imports from Australia.
With which countries UK is having trade deal?
U.K. is having free trade deals with seven of 11 CPTPP members viz., Australia, Chile, Japan, Canada,
Mexico, Singapore and Vietnam. Free trade deal with Australia is UK’s first trade deal that was negotiated
from scratch since UK left the EU. Deals with Japan and Canada were built on existing agreements struck by
EU.
UK-Australia Relation
UK is Australia’s fifth largest trading partner. Goods and services from both the sides is valued at 36.6
billion Australian dollars in a year. UK’s trade with Australia is about 1.2% of its total trade in 2020.
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
CPTPP, also known as TPP11 or TPP-11, is a trade agreement among Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia,
Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Peru and Vietnam. It evolved from Trans-Pacific
Partnership (TPP), that never entered into force because of withdrawal of United States.
Govt simplifies MSME registration process
Minister for Road Transport & Highways and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Nitin Gadkari has
simplified the of process for registration of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises.
Key Points
MSMEs will only require PAN and Aadhaar for registration.
One the MSMEs are registered, they will be getting priority and finance.
No new training will be required to small units in fields of entrepreneurship and other related aspects.
About MSMEs
MSMEs are considered as engine of economic growth which are involved in promoting equitable

development. They comprise of 90% of total enterprises and generate highest rates of employment growth.
They require low investment and have operational flexibility & capacity to develop appropriate indigenous
technology.
Significance of MSMEs
MSME is second largest employment generating sector after agriculture, providing employment to
120 million persons in country.
It contributes about 6.11% of manufacturing GDP and 24.63% of GDP from service activities.
It contributes 45% of overall exports from India.
Inclusive growth is promoted by MSMEs as it provides employment opportunities in rural areas.
How MSMEs grew in India?
Campaigns such as Start-up India, Skill India, Digital India and Make in India were launched with the aim of
providing MSME players a level playing field in a bid to enhance productivity. Increasing internet penetration
and tie-ups with non-banking finance companies are also facilitating growth in MSME sector.
NATO declares China a Global Security Challenge
NATO leaders have declared China a constant security challenge stating that, Chinese are working to
undermine global order.
Key Points
As per NATO leaders, China’s goals and assertive behaviour put challenges to rules-based
international order and across the areas relevant to alliance security.
This warning has come, as US President started making effort to bring allies together to speak in
unified voice about China’s human rights record, trade practices and assertive behaviour of Chinese
military which has disturbed U.S. allies in Pacific.
NATO leaders asked China to uphold its international commitments and act responsibly with
international system.
How China Reacted?
Chinese Embassy to United Kingdom said, the G-7 communique “deliberately slandered China and arbitrarily
interfered in internal affairs of China”. It also exposed intentions of countries like United States.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
NATO is an alliance of European and North American countries. It was formed after World War II against
Russian aggression. This intergovernmental military alliance comprises of 30 European and North American
countries. It works in accordance with North Atlantic Treaty that was signed in April 1949. NATO works on
the principle of collective defence where its independent member states agree for mutual defence against
attack by any external party.
Sustainable Development Report 2021
Sustainable Development Report was prepared and released by experts from UN Sustainable Development
Solution Network (SDSN). The index compares how countries implement 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development.
Key Points
This year, Finland was ranked highest in the index.
A Nordic country has ranked at the top of SDG Index for the first time.
Finland has topped even when COVID-19 has slowed down sustainable development process across
the world.
How Finland topped the index?
As per Government, Finland has topped the index based on its achievements with respect to the goals
related to poverty reduction, health, education, energy, water, peace, reduction of inequality and rule of law.

What were the challenges for Finland?
Fight against climate change, sustainable consumption, elimination of biodiversity loss, production
methods etc are the challenges that Finland faced. Further, covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted
sustainable development.
Which countries have ranked highest?
Top 10 countries in Sustainable development index 2021 are: Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Belgium,
Austria, Norway, France, Slovenia and Estonia (in that order).
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
SDGs was adopted in 2015 by all member states of United-Nations. It describes a universal agenda which
are applicable to all countries. It is a successor to Millennium Development Goals. SDG index is framed on
the basis of implementation of 17 SDG goals among UN member states in six broad categories- education,
skills, health & wellbeing, clean energy & industry, sustainable land use, sustainable cities, and digital
technologies. Index is prepared by independent experts at Sustainable Development Solutions Network
(SDSN) and Bertelsmann Stiftung.
UNESCO Science Report
Latest edition of UNESCO Science Report (USR) was published on June 11, 2021 which is entitled as “race
against time for smarter development”.
About USR
USR is a flagship publication of UNESCO which is published once every five years.
It is a report on science, technology and innovation (STI).
Every edition comprises of a chapter on India.
Chapter on India in latest edition was authored by Prof Sunil Mani, director at Centre for Development
Studies, Thiruvananthapuram.
This chapter provides an overview of STI developments in India along with suggestions and
recommendations.
Recommendations and Suggestions
With respect to initiatives promoting innovation on account of COVID-19, USR suggests to find new
ways for finance research projects and to amend existing IP rules to do away compulsory licenses on
vaccines and drugs.
According to report, India has not adopted industry 4.0 technologies and job losses due to
automation is not a serious threat now.
Report highlights, despite some efforts only a few Indian states have made progress on meeting
renewable energy targets. USR suggests for incentives to promote use of electric and hybrid vehicles.
Report is silent about policies on biofuels or on hydrogen as a source of energy.
On employment report highlights, job opportunities for science, technology, engineering & medicine
(STEM) graduates have not increased. However, employability of STEM graduates has increased to
49% in 2019 from 34% in 2014. It is serious issue because every other graduate is unemployable.
Twitter appoints interim Chief Compliance Officer for India
Twitter has appointed interim Chief Compliance Officer in India to comply with the Indian government’s new
IT rules.
Key Points
Twitter appointed Chief Compliance Officer after a prolonged battle with Indian government over its
new IT rules.
India announced new IT rules in February, 2021 which was implemented on May 25. It requires tech
companies in India like Facebook, WhatsApp, Google etc to appoint chief compliance officer, nodal

officer and grievance officer in India.
Background
When new IT Rules were first brought on May 25, Twitter India had asked government for more time to
comply with new IT Rules while WhatsApp & Facebook appointed their respective grievance officers.
New IT Rule
Indian government notified the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics
Code) Rules 2021 in February 2021. New rules deal with social media and over-the-top (OTT) platforms.
Rules were framed under section 87 (2) of the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000. Under the new rules,
resident grievance officer will be appointed under larger grievance redressal mechanism. Content on social
media platforms will be monitored actively and monthly compliance reports will be made available for
Indian users. Authorities in India can now ask these platforms to identify origin of any message.
Boundary Between Solar System and Interstellar Space Mapped
Scientists have created first-ever 3D map of boundary between our solar system and interstellar space
called Heliosphere. 3D map was created using data from NASA’s IBEX satellite.
Key Points
Boundary of heliosphere has been mapped for the first time.
It will provide for scientists to understand how solar and interstellar winds interact.
Earlier, this boundary was mentioned in theories of Physics models.
This is the first-time scientists were able to measure it and make its three-dimensional map.
What is Heliosphere?
Heliosphere, created by sun, is a vast bubble-like region of space surrounding the sun. It is a cavity formed
by Sun in surrounding interstellar medium. Bubble of heliosphere is continuously inflated by solar winds.
The solar plasma provides a way to interstellar plasma, outside the heliosphere, permeating Milky Way
galaxy. Radiation levels inside and outside the heliosphere differs. Galactic cosmic rays are less abundant
it. Thus, planets inside are partly shielded from their impact. Heliosphere is the area under influence of Sun.
Its edge is decided by heliospheric magnetic field and solar wind from Sun.
Who coined Heliosphere?
Heliosphere was coined by Alexander J. Dessler. He used this word in his scientific literature, called
heliophysics, in 1967. Heliophysics includes space weather and space climate.
PM Modi to address 5th edition of VivaTech
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will deliver his keynote address at 5th edition of VivaTech on June 16, 2021.
He has been invited as a Guest of Honour to deliver keynote address.
Highlights
Other prominent speakers on the occasion will be President of France Emmanuel Macron, Prime
Minister of Spain Pedro Sanchez and Ministers & MPs from various European countries.
It will also witness participation of corporate leaders like Apple CEO Tim Cook, Microsoft President
Brad Smith and Facebook Chairman Mark Zuckerberg.
Event of 2021 will be the 5th edition of VivaTech. It is scheduled to be held between 16th to 19th
June.
VivaTech
It is one of largest digital and start-up events in Europe. It was started in 2016 and is being every year in
Paris. Event is jointly organized by Publicis Groupe which is a prominent advertising and marketing
conglomerate and Les Echos which is a leading media group in France. It brings together stakeholders from
technology innovation and start-up ecosystem. On the occasion exhibitions, awards, panel discussions and
start-up contests are organised.

GI certified Jalgaon Banana exported to Dubai
Consignment of fibre & mineral rich “Jalgaon Banana” was exported to Dubai on June 16, 2021, marking a
major boost to exports.
Key Points
Jalgaon Banana is Geographical Indications (GI) certified agricultural produce from Jalgaon district
of Maharashtra.
Twenty-two metric tonnes of Jalgaon banana were sourced from progressive farmers of Tandalwadi
village. This village is a part of Jalgaon district of Maharashtra.
Jalgaon District is an identified banana cluster under Agri Export Policy and is called as “Banana city”
of Maharashtra. It contributes for two-third of total production of banana in the state.
Jalgaon Banana
Jalgaon Banana got GI certification in 2016. It was registered with Nisargraja Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)
Jalgaon.
India’s banana export
Banana export from India has been rising sharply because of adoption of farm practices in accordance with
global standards. India’s banana exports have increased both in volume as well as value from 1.34 lakh
metric tonne in 2018-19 to 1.95 lakh metric tonne in 2019-20. During 2020-21, India has exported banana
worth of 1.91 lakh tonne which is valued at Rs 619 crore.
Banana production in India
India is world’s leading producer of bananas with its share of 25% in total output. Leading banana producing
states are Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Bihar and Madhya
Pradesh. These states account for about 70% of India’s banana production.
Google Pay expands Cards Tokenization
Google has extended card tokenization by bringing in more banks for card on the Google Pay app.
What is card tokenization?
Card tokenization is a feature which lets users make debit or credit card payments through a secure digital
token which is attached to their phone. It does not require to physically share credit or debit card details.
Currently, this feature can be availed at about 2.5 million Visa merchant locations. With latest extension, it
will allow users to scan and pay at about 1.5 million Bharat QR enabled merchants.
Features of Card tokenization
This feature let users with Near-field communication (NFC) capable devices or phones to make contactless
payments. Users would be able to pay their bills and recharge their numbers using credit cards. This feature
also works with online merchants and provides seamless OTP experiences without redirecting to 3D Secure
sites.
Which banks were using this feature?
Google Pay had earlier rolled out the feature of card tokenization with State bank of India cards, Kotak
Mahindra Bank and Axis Bank.
Which banks have been added now?
Google Pay has now added SBI, IndusInd Bank & Federal Bank and Credit cards of IndusInd Bank & HSBC
India in the list to use tokenization feature.
Biden-Putin Summit
US President Joe Biden reached Geneva before his first summit with Vladimir Putin amid the escalation of
tension between Russia and USA in recent years.
Highlights
Joe Biden flew to Geneva after mending relations with Washington’s closest allies during NATO and

G7 summits in Brussels and Britain.
This will be first meeting between US and Russia since 2018, when Putin met Donald Trump in
Helsinki.
The summit will take place at La Grange villa and its surrounding park.
US-Russia Relation
Relationship between United States and Russia is among most critical bilateral relationships worldwide.
Both the countries have shared interests in diverse set of areas including nuclear security & non-
proliferation, countering terrorism & violent extremism, regional security in Europe & Eurasia, and managing
upheaval in greater Middle East. Russia is also an important partner in U.S. efforts to combat climate
change and space exploration.
What are the concerns?
United States is critical to Russia as they foil and partner in their efforts to come at global centre stage.
Bilateral relations have been rotating between periods of cooperation and confrontation for more than two
decades. However, tensions related to conflicts in Ukraine and Syria are troubling the relation.
What is AY.1 variant of Coronavirus?
Recently, WHO tagged B.1.617.2 strain of coronavirus as ‘Delta’ variant, which now has further mutated.
Mutated form of Delta variant is being termed as “Delta Plus” or “AY.1” variant.
Key Points
Delta variant was identified as one of the factors of second wave of coronavirus infections in India.
Initial data shows that, Delta plus variant have resistance against monoclonal antibody cocktail
treatment, which was recently authorised by Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO)
for COVID-19 treatment.
Delta plus variant
Variant B.1.617.2.1 of coronavirus is known as AY.1 which is characterized by acquisition of K417N
mutation. Delta plus variant was identified in six genomes in India as of now. Health agency has also
confirmed the presence of 63 genomes of Delta variant with the new K417N mutation. However, there is no
immediate cause for concern since prevalence of Delta Plus Variant is still low in India.
Cases Worldwide
As per reports, 36 cases of Delta Plus variant were reported in England. Majority of the cases were
associated with travel from Nepal, Malaysia, Turkey and Singapore.
June 18, 2021
What is Juneteenth in US?
US President Joe Biden is to sign a law to make June 19 or “Juneteenth” a national holiday. This holiday will
be recognized by federal government to commemorating end of slavery after American Civil War.
Highlights
Bill to establish Juneteenth National Independence Day was supported in both houses of US
Congress and now needs to be approved by White House to become law.
It was passed in the backdrop of killing of George Floyd that triggered anti-racism protests in US.
Juneteenth is going to be first new federal holiday created in almost four decades.
What is Juneteenth?
Juneteenth, combination of June and nineteenth, is observed on June 19 every year. It is the oldest
nationally celebrated commemoration of end of slavery in America. The day is recognized as holiday in 47
US states and District of Columbia. Juneteenth is also known as Emancipation Day or Juneteenth
Independence Day.

Background
Juneteenth celebration started in 1866 from state of Texas, with community-centric events like cookouts,
parades, prayer gatherings, historical & cultural readings and musical performances. While, era of “Modern
Juneteenth Movement” started in 1994 from New Orleans in Louisiana with objective of greater recognition
of Juneteenth.
Japan to issue COVID-19 Vaccine Passport
Japan is going to make a vaccine passport available from next month for Japanese travellers in a bid to
relaunch tourism and business trips abroad.
Highlights
This certificate will be paper-based rather than digital.
It will be issued by local governments from next month.
Digital Vaccine Passport in EU
European Union is working on digital vaccine passport for summer of 2021 to reboot tourism and attract
tourists. EU version of certificate will comprise of information on whether a person has been vaccinated or
had the virus, tested negative or had been recovered.
What is vaccine passport?
Vaccine passport, also known as immunity passport or immunity certificate, is a document in paper as well
as digital format. The certificate attest whether its bearer is immune to a contagious disease or not. This
public certification can be taken by governments to mitigate an epidemic. It is different than a vaccination
record or vaccination certificate verified by medical records of the clinic. Concept of immunity passports
has drawn attention during COVID-19 pandemic as a way forward to contain pandemic and permit faster
economic recovery.
Cabinet approves Deep Ocean Mission
Union Cabinet has approved ‘Deep Ocean Mission’ proposed by Ministry of Earth Sciences to conduct study
on biodiversity, impact of climate change and to establish an offshore marine station in order to explore
source of thermal energy.
Highlights
Mission will explore Deep Ocean for resources and help in development of deep-sea technologies for
sustainable use of ocean resources.
Mission will be completed in an estimated budget of Rs 4,077 crores in five-year period.
It will be implemented in phases. First phase will be implemented during 2021-2024.
Estimated cost for first phase for three years is Rs 2,823.4 crore.
Ministry of Earth Sciences will be the nodal ministry to implement this mission.
Which countries conduct such mission?
Such technology and expertise is currently available with five countries Russia, US, France, Japan and
China. India will be sixth country to have it now.
Deep Ocean Mission
It is an Indian initiative to undertake deep ocean exploration. It focuses on India’s exclusive economic zones
and continental shelf. Mission comprise of various manned and unmanned submersibles to explore sea
bed. Main aim of this mission is to explore & extract polymetallic nodules which are composed of minerals
such as nickel, manganese, copper, cobalt and iron hydroxide. These metals are useful in manufacturing
electronic devices, smartphones, solar panels and batteries.
Panel on energy efficiency, low carbon tech
According to Power and Renewable Energy Minister R K Singh, a committee will be set up comprising of
members from all relevant Ministries to implement Roadmap on Energy Efficiency and low carbon

technologies.
Highlights
This was highlighted during a high-level meeting of reviewing progress of several energy efficiency
programmes and preparedness for Climate Change Actions in India.
Activities in the field of energy efficiency across all sectors of economy was discussed with the
objective of reducing CO2 emissions.
It was directed to focus on sectors having highest emissions intensity like Micro, Small & Medium
Enterprises (MSME), Transport and Power plants.
Activities defined under Mission document ROSHANEE was also discussed. Mission document
ROSANEE has been developed to implement several Energy Conservation schemes across India.
Mission ROSHANEE
This mission has been developed by Bureau of Energy Efficiency along with Mission UNNATEE. Both the
missions lay down Sector wise action plan for period 2021-2030. Mission ROSHANEE envisages several
activities in the field of energy efficiency across different sectors of economy. It aims to reduce CO2
emissions by more than 550 million tonnes by 2030.
UNNATEE
UNNATEE is a working document comprising of short term and long-term action plans to lower energy
intensity.
India extends USD 100 mn LoC to Sri Lanka
India has extended a USD 100 million Line of Credit to Sri Lanka to finance projects in solar energy sector.
Key Points
Agreement was signed between Sri Lankan government and Export-Import Bank of India.
This LOC will also ensure that Sri Lanka’s 70 percent power requirements are fulfilled by renewable
energy sources by 2030.
LOC will also finance solar energy projects in Sri Lanka, announced during Founding Conference of
International Solar Alliance (ISA) in 2018. It includes project like rooftop solar photo-voltaic systems
for households and government buildings.
India-Sri Lanka Relation
India has become the first country to sign deal with Sri Lanka on vision of President of Sri Lanka to fulfil 70
per cent of its national power requirements using renewable energy sources by 2030.
International Solar Alliance (ISA)
89 countries, including Sri Lanka, signed the Framework Agreement of ISA, jointly launched by Narendra
Modi and former French president Francois Hollande. ISA seeks to bring together the countries in promoting
large-scale deployment of solar energy and to overcome challenges involved with technology, finance and
capacity.
Solar Power Generation in India
Solar power generation in India has increased to 34.6 GW in 2021 from 2.6GW in March 2014. India has
launched National Solar Mission with the aim of increase it further to 100 GW.
Stygarctus keralensis: New Tardigrade species named after Kerala
A new species named “Stygarctus Keralensis” has been identified in Kerala. This tiny & tough species of
Tardigrades has been named after Kerala.’’
Tardigrades
Tardigrades are small specie which are commonly called as ‘water bears’ and ‘moss piglets’. They are so
tiny that require high-end microscopes to study them. They are also the hardiest animals on Earth despite
their size. They were first described by German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773. He called

these species as kleiner Wasserbar.
Stygarctus keralensis
This new tardigrade species belongs to genus Stygarctus. They are the first taxonomically described marine
tardigrade from Indian waters. Stygarctus keralensis was discovered from Vadakara in north Kerala. They
are the eighth species named under genus Stygarctus. They grow up to the length of 130 micrometers (0.13
mm) and are found on mountain tops as well as deep sea. They have survived five mass extinctions. They
get involved in curious process dealing with environmental stress called ‘cryptobiosis’ which brings their
metabolic activities to reversible standstill.
Stygarctus
Stygarctus is a genus of tardigrades of family Stygarctidae. It was named in 1951 by Erich Schulz. Greek
Styx and arktos.
Hebbal-Nagawara Valley Project
Citizens and Environmentalists are fighting against the proposal to clear over 6,000 trees in
Singanayakanahalli to construct a lake under Hebbal-Nagawara Valley Project by Minor Irrigation
Department in Karnataka.
Key Points
Forest Department, in a recent notification, proposed to felled 6,316 trees to develop Singanayakanahalli
lake, Yelahanka hobli, because they are coming in way of this project.
Hebbal-Nagawara Valley Project
This project was launched with the aim of filling 65 tanks in Bengaluru Urban, Rural and
Chickballapur.
Bagaluru lake was the first lake to receive treated water from this project.
The project was meant to act as an impounded reservoir to supply water in 11 other lakes in this
region.
Direct use of treated water for drinking and agricultural purposes was prohibited but farmers were of
the view that, project is increasing the water table.
What is the issue?
Activists are questioning the need and logic of removing such huge number of trees.
Hebbal Lake
The lake is located in Bangalore at the mouth of National Highway 7, near the junction of Bellary Road and
Outer Ring Road. These lakes were created in 1537 by Kempe Gowda. It was formed by damming natural
valley systems. It spreads over an area of 75 ha with plans for extending it up to 143 ha.
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought was observed on June 17, 2021 to raise awareness on
land degradation, desertification and drought. Theme of the day for year 2021 was ” Restoration, Land,
Recovery”.
Highlights
This day is a unique moment to remind everyone about land degradation neutrality which can be
achieved through problem-solving, strong community involvement and co-operation across all the
levels.
On the occasion, Union Minister for Environment, Forest & Climate Change Prakash Javadekar
highlighted that India is on track to achieve target of land degradation neutrality and will restore 26
million hectares of degraded land by 2030.
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
United Nations observe this day on June 17, every year. Its purpose is to raise awareness on existing

desertification and drought and highlighting methods to prevent desertification & recovering from drought.
This day was proclaimed by a United Nations General Assembly Resolution on January 30, 1995 following
the day when United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification was drafted.
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
This day seeks to protect planet from degradation through sustainable consumption & production and
sustainably managing its natural resources. It also takes urgent action on climate change to support the
needs of present and future generations.
SDG Goal 15
This SDG focuses on “Life on Land”. It officially reads as “Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt & reverse land degradation
and halt biodiversity loss”.
Cross-Disability Early Intervention Centers for children
Minister for Social Justice & Empowerment Shri Thaawarchand Gehlot inaugurated 14 Cross-Disability Early
Intervention Centers at 7 National Institutes and 7 Composite Regional Centers (CRCs).
What is the purpose of these centers?
Centers will provide services like screening, identification, rehabilitation, counselling and therapeutic for
different disabilities under one roof in a contiguous manner. It will help in identifying children with
disabilities or infants who are vulnerable to develop a disability and provide them early assistance to ensure
optimal development of the child.
First Phase
In the first phase, 14 cross-disability centers were launched in our institutions. By 2022, such centers will be
set up in all CRCs across 25 States and Union Territories. 14 Early Intervention Centers have been started in
Dehradun, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Secunderabad, Cuttack, Chennai, Surendranagar, Bhopal, Lucknow,
Patna, Rajnandgaon, Nellore, and Kozhikode.
Background
Existing National Institute and CRCs have been providing rehabilitation services to differently-abled. But
national institutions have been working only for specific disabilities. With the launch of cross disability Early
Intervention Centers, all types of disabilities will be identified and medical & rehabilitation services will be
provided under one roof.
Data on Children with disabilities
As per 2011 Census, there are 20 lakh children with disabilities in age group of 0-6 years. They belong to the
categories of visually impaired, hearing impaired, locomotor disability. Thus, about 7 percent of children in
this age group suffer from one or other form of disability. Numbers are expected to increase with enactment
of Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 as it has 21 categories in disability category instead of 7.
Restructuring of OFB into 7 Defence PSUs
Government has approved its decision to dissolve Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) and replaced it by seven
new Defence Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). which will oversee 41 ordnance factories in India. These
seven entities will be 100 per cent owned by government.
Purpose of restructuring
This decision was taken from the perspective of becoming Atmanirbhar in terms of national security.
It will improve accountability an efficiency of OFB.
Restructuring of OFB will be done with the aim of transforming ordnance factories into productive and
profitable assets.
It will deepen their specialization in product range, enhance competitiveness and improve quality and
cost-efficiency.

Seven entities will be responsible for different verticals of products that are being produced by 41
ordnance factories.
Ammunition and Explosives group will be engaged in production of ammunition.
Vehicles group will engage in production of defence mobility and combat vehicles.
Ordnance Factory Board (OFB)
OFB, consisting of Indian Ordnance Factories, is a Government agency working under department of
defence production (DDP) of Ministry of Defence (MoD). It is engaged in research, development, testing,
production, marketing and logistics of the product range across air, land and sea systems. It comprises of
41 ordnance factories, 9 training institutes, 3 regional marketing centres and 4 regional controllerates of
safety. Now, OFB will be replaced by 7 new Defence PSU.
Govt reduced Tariff on Edible Oil Import
Union government has reduced tariff value for import of edible oil including palm oil by USD 112 per tonne.
This move will lead to reduction in domestic prices.
Key Points
Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) reduced the tariff import value of crude palm oil
by USD 86 per tonne.
Import price on RBD and crude palmolein reduced by USD 112 per tonne.
Base import price of crude soyabean oil was reduced by USD 37 per tonne.
Significance of the move
This move will help in softening the edible oil prices in domestic market as with reduction in import tariff,
customs duty on base import price would also reduce.
Import of edible oils
In India, there is a big gap between domestic production and consumption of edible oils. This leads to
massive imports. India’s two-third of edible oil demand is fulfilled through imports. According to data of
Solvent Extractors’ Association of India, overall import of edible and non-edible oils during November 2020
to May 2021 have increased by 9 percent to 76,77,998 tonnes. With rise in imports, retail prices of edible
oils have also increase while, domestic edible oil prices have increase two fold in past year.
Global Peace Index 2021
15th edition of Global Peace Index (GPI) was announced by Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) Sydney.
Key Points
GPI is world’s leading measure of global peacefulness.
Index ranks 163 independent states and territories as per level of their peacefulness.
Report provides a comprehensive data-driven analysis on trends in peace, its economic value and
recommends on how to develop peaceful societies.
How countries were ranked?
Iceland is most peaceful country worldwide since 2008.
Iceland is joined by other top countries like Denmark, New Zealand, Portugal and Slovenia.
Afghanistan is the least peaceful country again for fourth consecutive year.
Afghanistan is followed by Yemen, Syria, South Sudan, and Iraq.
India and its neighbor
India has moved up by two position from its last year’s ranking. It has become 135th most peaceful
country while, 5th in South Asia region.
Bhutan and Nepal are first and second most peaceful in this region.
Bangladesh was 91th out of 163 countries across the world while being 3rd in South Asia.
Sri Lanka slipped by 19 position to become 95th peaceful country while, 4th in South Asia region.

Pakistan witnessed the most improvement in peacefulness with 150th rank globally and 6th in South
Asia region.
IMD's World Competitiveness Index
World Competitiveness Index was compiled by Institute for Management Development (IMD) which examine
the impact of COVID-19 on economies worldwide.
Key Points
India was ranked at 43rd position among 64 countries.
Switzerland has topped the list and is followed by Sweden (2nd), Denmark (3rd), Netherlands (4th) and
Singapore (5th).
Taiwan was ranked at 8th position, reaching among top-10 for the first time in 33 years.
UAE (9th) and USA (10th) maintains the same spots as in 2020.
Top performing Asian economies include Singapore (5th), Hong Kong (7th), Taiwan (8th) and China
(16th).
About IMD World Competitiveness Ranking
This index ranks 64 economies and assesses extent to which any country promotes prosperity of its people.
This index started ranking countries 33 years ago by measuring countries well-being through hard data and
survey responses from executives. It is released by IMD World Competitiveness Center.
BRICS Nations
Among BRICS, India (43rd) is ranked second after China (16th). India is followed by Russia (45th), Brazil (57th)
and South Africa (62nd).
How India’s rank improved?
India witnessed improvements in government efficiency factor because of relatively stable public finances
amid covid-19 pandemic. As per the report, qualities like investment in innovation, welfare benefits &
leadership, digitalization have helped countries to get higher ranks.
Cabinet nod for Inland Vessels Bill
Union Cabinet has approved the Inland Vessels Bill, 2021, which will replace Inland Vessels Act, 1917.
Key Provisions of the bill
As of now, total 4,000 km inland waterways have been operationalized.
Bill will regulate safety, security and registration of inland vessels.
Bill provides for a unified law for entire India instead of separate rules framed by each States.
Bill grants certificate of registration which will be valid in all States and Union Territories. No
separate permissions will be required from States.
Bill provides for a central data base to record details of vessel, vessel registration and crew on an
electronic portal.
Central database would require all mechanically propelled vessels to be mandatorily registered.
Non-mechanically propelled vessels will also require to be enrolled at district, taluk or panchayat or
village level.
Inland Water Transport in India
India has about 14,500 km of navigable waterways comprising of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. It is
a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly mode of transportation. Under National Waterways Act 2016, 111
waterways have been declared as National Waterways.
June 19, 2021
Second National Sickle Cell Conclave to be inaugurated
Minister of Tribal Affairs, Shri Arjun Munda, will inaugurate Second National Sickle Cell Conclave on the
occasion of World Sickle Cell Awareness Day 2021 on June 19.
National Sickle Cell Conclave
This conclave is held to mark world Sickle Cell Day every year. It is being organised by Ministry of Tribal
Affairs in association with Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI), Apollo
Hospitals, Novartis, Piramal Foundation etc. It will arrange discussions about latest advances and future
trends in treatment of SCD on vulnerable patient population.
What is Sickle cell disease (SCD)?
SCD is the most prevalent inherited blood disorder or a genetic red blood cell disorder. People with sickle
cell disorders don’t have enough healthy red blood cells which carry oxygen throughout the body. It is
widespread amongst many tribal population groups in India. Several cost-effective interventions have
reduced morbidity and mortality from SCD in India. However, access to care for SCD in tribal regions
limited. SCD is prevalent predominantly in Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, western
Odisha, eastern Gujarat and Nilgiri Hills of north Tamil Nadu & Kerala.
World Sickle Cell Awareness Day 2021
World Sickle Cell Day is observed every year on June 19. The United Nations General Assembly adopted a
resolution to recognise sickle cell disease as a public health problem on December 22, 2008.
QCI launches Indian Certification of Medical Devices Plus Scheme
Quality Council of India (QCI) and Association of Indian Manufacturers of Medical Devices (AiMeD) have
launched “Indian Certification of Medical Devices Plus (ICMED) Scheme”.
About ICMED 13485 scheme
ICMED scheme added further features to the ICMED Scheme that was launched in 2016 for
Certification of Medical Devices.
This scheme will undertake verification of quality, safety and efficacy of medical devices.
Scheme has been designed to integrate Quality Management System components and product
related quality validation processes by witness testing of products with respect to the defined
product standards and specifications.
This is the first such scheme across the world in which quality management systems & product
certification standards are integrated with regulatory requirements.
It will be an end-to-end quality assurance scheme for medical devices sector in India and much-
needed institutional mechanism to assure the product quality and safety.
Significance of scheme
Scheme will assist procurement agencies to tackle challenges related to counterfeit products and fake
certification. It will also eliminate circulation and use of sub-standard medical products or devices of
doubtful origin.
Quality Council of India (QCI)
QCI was set up in 1997 as public private partnership model based on the model existing in Netherlands. QCI
was organized as an independent autonomous body which worked for assuring quality standards across all
spheres of economic and social activities. It was established under Societies Registration Act in 1997 to
provide accreditation services across different sectors for product, services and persons.
India Post to release a ‘Special Cancellation’
India Post is going to release a ‘Special Cancellation’ on the occasion of International Yoga Day (IYD) on
June 21, 2021 to capture essence of the day. It is a unique initiative to mark commemoration of 7th
International Day of Yoga.
Key Points
Yoga and IDY are popular subjects for philatelic commemorations for years.
Department of Posts launched a set of two Commemorative Postage stamps and a miniature sheet

on in 2015 on the occasion of IYD. 2016,
Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a set of Commemorative Postage Stamps on Surya
Namaskara to commemorate 2nd International Day of Yoga.
UN Postal Administration (UNPA) issued a set of stamps showing 10 yoga asanas to commemorate
the day in New York in 2016.
Activities by Post offices
All Post Offices in Delhi are affixing message “Be with Yoga, Be at Home” on mail being booked and
delivered. Video is also being played in 60 Post major Offices of Delhi to promote Yoga among visitors of
Post Offices.
International Day of Yoga
This day is celebrated annually on June 21 since 2015. It was incepted in United Nations General Assembly
in 2014.
India Post
India Post, earlier known as Department of Post, is a government-operated postal system of India. It works
under jurisdiction of Ministry of Communications. Warren Hastings had started the Postal Service in British
India, under the name ‘Company Mail’ in 1788. Lord Dalhousie modified it into a service under “Crown” in
1854.
India-Bhutan: MOU inked to cooperate in areas of Environment
India and Bhutan have signed an MoU to develop cooperation between two countries in the area of
environment.
Key Points about MoU
MoU was signed virtually by Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Prakash Javadekar.
It will open new vistas of bilateral cooperation in the area of climate change, waste management etc.
MoU will act as a platform to enhance Indian and Bhutanese partnership & support and exchange best
practices in areas like prevention of Air Pollution, Chemical Management, Waste Management,
Climate Change, etc.
It also provides the possibility to have joint projects in areas of mutual interest.
It seeks to strengthen technological, scientific & management capabilities and expand areas of
cooperation in the area of environment so as to promote a mutually beneficial partnership.
Impact of MoU
MoU will facilitate exchange of experiences, best practices and technical knowhow between both the
countries by means of public and private sectors and will contribute to sustainable development. However,
no significant employment generation is envisaged through it.
Who will meet the Expenditure?
Financial implications of MoU are limited to holding of bilateral meetings or Joint Working Group meetings,
alternatively in India and Bhutan. Travel cost of their delegation will be met by sending side while receiving
side will bear the cost of organizing meetings and other logistic arrangements.
Climate Change to Increase Sea Level in Lakshadweep: Study
According to a study conducted to project different greenhouse gas scenario, Sea-level will rise around
Lakshadweep Islands by 0.4 mm/year to 0.9 mm/year.
Key Findings
As per the study, worst possible inundation scenarios projected for Lakshadweep Islands are similar
under different emission scenarios projected. All the islands in archipelago would be vulnerable to
impact of sea-level rise.
Smaller islands Chetlat and Amini are expected to have major land-loss.

About 60%-70% of existing shoreline would experience land-loss in Amini and 70%-80% in Chetlat.
Larger islands Minicoy and Kavaratti are also vulnerable to sea-level rise. They will experience land-
loss along 60% of existing shoreline.
Sea-level rise effects will have least impact on Androth Island under all emission scenarios.
Only airport in archipelago is located at southern tip of Agatti Island, and has a risk of damage due to
sea-level rise.
What does study suggest for protection of island?
Study suggests to have appropriate coastal protection measures and best-practices to formulate planning
guidelines. Study proposes for outlook and dimension on future research which will assess directional
nature of wave energy, impact of storminess in Arabian Sea region, islands that are exposed & sheltered
and amenities like potable water, sanitation etc.
Oil Spill from Haldia-bound Portuguese flag container ship
Indian Coast Guard is on vigilance after oil spill was reported from Haldia-bound Portuguese flag container
ship.
Key Points
Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre, Colombo notified about mid-sea oil spill about 450 kms South
East of Chennai.
Portuguese flag Container ship MV Devon developed an underwater crack in fuel tank on passage
from Colombo to Haldia, West Bengal.
Tank was containing about 120 KL of Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil.
Crack resulted in spillage of about 10 KL of oil into sea before preventive action was taken.
Vessel was carrying 10,795 tonnes of general cargo in 382 containers and manned by 17 crew.
What is Oil Spill?
Oil spill can be defined as “uncontrolled release of crude oil, gasoline, fuels, or other oil by-products” into
environment. It can pollute land, air, or water; however, the term is mostly used for oceanic oil spills. They
have become a major environmental problem because of intensified petroleum exploration & production on
continental shelves and transportation of huge amounts of oils in vessels.
Impact of Oil spills
In ocean, oil spills are harmful to aquatic life as it prevents sunlight from penetrating into sea and
reduces dissolved oxygen level.
Crude oil damages insulating and waterproofing properties of feathers and fur of birds. Thus, it can
decrease body temperature to below-normal levels.
Oil spills can damage habitat and reproductive rate of animals.
ECI releases Atlas on 2019 General Elections
Election Commission of India released ‘General Elections 2019: An Atlas’ recently.
Highlights
Atlas was released by Chief Election Commissioner Sushil Chandra and Election Commissioner Rajiv
Kumar and Election Commissioner Anup Chandra Pandey.
This document would be beneficial to researchers and academicians and help in exploring vast
landscape of Indian elections.
General Elections 2019: An Atlas
This General Election Atlas comprises of all statistical figures and data of General Elections 2019.
It comprises of 90 tables and 42 thematic maps which depicts different facets of elections.
It also provides interesting anecdotes, facts and legal provisions related to Indian elections.
It highlights,

1. Data from 23 States and UTs where female voting percentage was higher than a male voting
percentage.
2. Information regarding smallest and largest parliamentary constituency with respect to candidates or
electors.
3. Performance of political parties.
It comprises of data of electors belonging to different categories through comparison charts like
Elector Gender Ratio and electors in different age categories. As per atlas, lowest gender gap was
witnessed during the 2019 General Elections in history.
It also compares the number of candidates contesting in General Elections since 1951. 2019 General
Elections had a total of 8054 qualified candidates contesting.
Benefits of Atlas
Atlas provide information for better understanding of Indian electoral diversity and provide insights into
electoral patterns across different levels. It will serve as an illustrative and informative document which will
help in understanding nuances of Indian electoral process and help in analysing changes & trends in India.
World's Third Largest Diamond Unearthed
Debswana Diamond Company have unearthed world’s third-largest diamond in Jwaneng mine of Botswana
in South Africa.
Key Points
Botswana is called as largest producer of diamonds in Africa.
Diamond weighing 1,098 carats was presented to President Mokgweetsi Masisi after it was
unearthed.
It weighs a little less than world’s second-largest 1,109-carat Lesedi la Rona diamond which was
found in Botswana in 2015 and world’s largest 3,106-carat Cullinan diamond which was found in
South Africa in 1905.
Estimation of stone’s final value is not yet released.
World’s second-largest 1,109-carat Lesedi la Rona diamond was sold for $53 million.
About third largest diamond
Diamond is measuring 73mm long, 52mm wide, and 27mm thick. It is yet to be named.
Background
Debswana company had witnessed a 29 per cent fall in production to 16.6 million carats and a 30 per cent
drop in sales amid the covid-19 pandemic. Thus, unearthing of third largest diamond becomes significant.
About Debswana Diamond Company
It is a joint venture between global diamond giant De Beers and government. 80 percent of the income
earned by selling of diamonds by Debswana goes to government by means of royalties, dividends, and
taxes.
Veteran Athlete Milkha Singh passes away
Indian Athlete Milkha Singh passed away at the age of 91 due to Covid-19 related complications on June 18,
2021.
Who was Milkha Singh?
Captain Milkha Singh, known as The Flying Sikh, was an Indian track and field sprinter. He was introduced to
sport while serving the Indian Army. He is the only athlete who won gold in 400 metres race at Asian Games
& Commonwealth Games. He won gold medals in 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. He also represented India in
1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and 1964 Summer Olympics in
Tokyo. He was conferred India’s fourth-highest civilian honour, Padma Shri for his sporting achievements.

Why Milkha Singh is called as Flying Sikh?
During the 1960 Olympic Games, he finished to fourth-place in 400 metres final. Several records were
broken in race. He finished to fourth-place in 45.73 seconds which was an Indian national record for almost
40 years.
Indian Navy - European Union Naval Force Joint Exercise
Indian Navy and European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) are conducting their first ever exercise in Gulf of
Aden. This two-day exercise will end on June 19, 2021.
Key Points
Indian Naval Ship Trikand participated in the exercise, which is currently deployed for anti-piracy
operations.
Total of five warships from four navies participated in the exercise held on 18th & 19th
Other warships that participated in exercise include Italian Navy Ship ITS Carabinere, two French Navy
Ship FS Tonnerre & FS Surcouf and Spanish Navy Ship ESPS Navarra.
A virtual “Information Sharing Exercise” is also being conducted between Indian Navy Information
Fusion Centre in Indian Ocean Region and Maritime Security Centre in Horn of Africa
About the exercise
The two-day exercise witnessed high tempo-naval operations at sea such as advanced air defence & anti-
submarine exercises, cross deck helicopter operations, boarding operations, tactical manoeuvres, underway
replenishment, search & rescue etc. Ships of four navies endeavour to enhance their war-fighting skills and
their ability to promote peace, security and stability in maritime domain. EUNAVFOR and Indian Navy also
saw eye-to-eye on multiple issues such as counter piracy operations and protection of vessels which were
deployed under charter of World Food Programme (UN WFP).
Indian Navy and EUNAVFOR
Both the navies conduct regular interaction through SHADE (Shared Awareness and Deconfliction) meetings
which is held annually at Bahrain. It highlights their shared values of ensuring freedom of seas.
Summit for Vaccine Internationalism
Four-day Summit for vaccine internationalism by Progressive International was opened on June 18, 2021.
Highlights
Summit was opened with the goal of ending “covid-19 pandemic as quickly as possible by
administering and securing COVID-19 vaccines for all”.
Vaccine summit brings together political leaders, Global south governments, healthcare workers and
vaccine manufacturers from about twenty countries and follows criticism of G7’s plan.
Recently, U.N. aid chief Mark Lowcock had criticised G-7 plan as not serious and lacking necessary
urgency.
Agenda of the summit
Participants of the summit seek to boost up production, distribution and delivery of the vaccines
across world as presently, only 6.2% of the world population is fully vaccinated against COVID.
Summit hope to consider concrete proposals to bring technology, invoke patent waivers and invest in
rapid production of vaccines.
Representatives from governments of Argentina, Mexico, Bolivia, Cuba, Venezuela Kerala (India) and
Kisumu (kenya) will be joined by four vaccine manufacturers namely, Fiocruz (Brazilian
manufacturer), Virchow Laboratories (Indian manufacturer), Biolyse (Canadian firm) and BioFarma
Cuba (Cuba manufacturer)
Background
This summit is being organised in the backdrop of fears on vaccine nationalism, where developed

economies were benefiting due to production of home-grown vaccine while, poor countries were not getting
access to vaccine which was prolonging the covid-19 pandemic.
Centrum to takeover PMC Bank
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cleared proposal to takeover of Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperatives Bank
(PMC Bank) by a consortium of non-bank lender Centrum Financial Services & fintech startup BharatPe.
Background
This decision was taken in the backdrop of collapse of Punjab & Maharashtra Cooperatives Bank. This state
cooperative lender was on the verge of collapse when regulator seized it on September 24, 2019. Regulator
seized the cash withdrawals for six months and launched an investigation into its accounting lapses.
Following this, Centrum Financial Services and BharatPe had submitted a joint proposal to overtake PMC
Bank in February 2021.
RBI’s Approval
RBI has decided to grant in-principle approval to Centrum so as to set up a small finance bank. It will be set
up under on-tap licensing norms. On-tap licensing means, when regulator gives out bank licences on
continuous basis rather than once in several years.
Centrum Financial Services
It is a step-down subsidiary of listed entity Centrum Capital which provides credit to small and mid-sized
companies having asset of ₹2 lakh to ₹2 crore. Resilient Innovations Pvt. Ltd, operating BharatPe, will also
be an equal partner in small finance bank.
Punjab & Maharashtra Co-operative Bank Limited (PMC)
PMC is a multi-state co-operative bank that was established in 1983. It has 137 branches across India while
about 100 branches are in Maharashtra. It is regulated by Reserve Bank of India and is registered under
Cooperative Societies Act.
Draft national strategy for Rural Development
Ministry of tourism has released three draft strategies in order to boost tourism sector in aftermath of
covid-19 pandemic. Draft strategies were put forward with roadmaps to promote India as a rural and
medical tourism destination.
National Strategy and Roadmap for Development of Rural Tourism
It seeks to position India as a place for conferences, meetings and exhibitions.
It seeks to develop and promote local products through tourism in order to generate income and jobs
in rural areas and empower local communities.
It will also help in reducing migration from rural areas, poverty alleviation and sustainable
development.
Draft National Strategy and Roadmap for Medical and Wellness Tourism
It seeks to promote India as an accessible and affordable destination of medical treatments and wellness
courses. Key drivers for growth of medical tourism and wellness tourism includes affordability &
accessibility of good healthcare services, minimal waiting time, facilitation around hospitality services,
availability of latest medical technologies & accreditations. This draft is in line with government of India’s
recognition to medical value travel and wellness tourism as an important sector which is having potential of
accelerating India’s development & attaining objective of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
Aim of national strategy
National strategy was released with the aim of providing an institutional framework which can strengthen
the ecosystem for medical & wellness tourism and develop a brand & ensuring quality assurance.
MICE destination
Draft to position India as a MICE destination was also put forward. MICE stand for “Meetings, Incentives,

Conferences and Exhibitions”. It is recognised as a significant market segment and a significant contributor
to national economies.
Government to Reduce Road Accident Deaths by 50%
According to Minister for Road Transport & Highways Nitin Gadkari, central government has set target to
reduce road accident deaths by 50% by year 2024.
Role of Corporates in Arresting Road Fatalities
This target was highlighted while addressing virtual session on ‘Role of Corporates in Arresting Road
Fatalities’ which was organised by FICCI.
Minister emphasised on need for identification of ‘black spot’ in each state, district and city.
He also said, World Bank and ADB have already sanctioned a scheme under which Government is
allocating Rs.14,000 crores for states, NHAI and other stakeholders to remove black spots vulnerable
to accidents.
4-E formula to reduce deaths
Ministry of road & transport is seeking hard to reduce road accident deaths by restructuring and
strengthening four ‘E’ of road safety. 4E’s include- Engineering (road & automobile engineering), Economy,
Enforcement and Education.
Road accidents in India
Road accidents in India are a major cause of deaths, injuries and property damage. According to world bank
data, though India accounts for 1 per cent of world’s vehicles but it accounts for 11 per cent of global death
in road accidents. It stands highest worldwide. About 4.5 lakh road crashes occurs, in which 1.5 lakh people
die per annum in India. It witnesses 53 road crashes every hour and killing of 1 person every 4 minutes. As
per report, road accidents costs at Rs 5.96 lakh crore or 3.14 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP).
UNDRR Report on Drought
The report titled “Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: Special Report on Drought 2021”
was published on June 18, 2021 by UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). It will be a
part of discussions at vital UN climate talks called Cop26, scheduled to take place in Glasgow in November
2021.
Key findings
As per the report, Drought is a hidden global crisis which can become “the next pandemic” if no
urgent action is taken on water & land management and tackling climate emergency.
About 1.5 billion people are directly affected by drought this century.
Economic cost was roughly estimated at $124bn. However, True cost is likely to be many times
higher as these estimates do not include much impact in developing countries.
Most of world will be with water stress in next few years and demand will outstrip the water supply
during certain periods.
Report highlights, drought is now widespread and by end of this century most of the countries will
experience it in some form.
Scenario on Developed countries
Report highlights that, even the developed countries are not immune to drought. US, Australia and southern
Europe have experienced drought in recent past. Drought costs more than us dollar 6 billion a year in US
while euro 9 billion in EU. As per report, Population growth is also exposing more people to the impacts of
drought in many regions.
Reasons for drought
Changing rainfall patterns because of climate breakdown are key driver of drought. However, report
identifies inefficient use of water resources, degradation of land under intensive agriculture and poor

farming practices also plays crucial role. Deforestation, overuse of fertilisers & pesticides, overgrazing &
over-extraction of water for farming are some other factors.
June 21, 2021
International Yoga Day 2021
th
World is celebrating the 7 International Yoga Day on June 21, 2021, with the motto of achieving “One
World, One Health”. This year, day is celebrating under the theme- “Yoga for wellness”. Theme focuses on
practising Yoga for physical as well as mental wellbeing.
Key Points
On the occasion, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “When whole world is combating Covid-19
pandemic, yoga remains a ray of hope.”
Prime Minister launched “mYoga app” and it will be available worldwide.
mYoga app was launched in collaboration with WHO.
mYoga App
mYoga App will provide yoga training videos in different languages for people worldwide. It will also help in
achieving the motto of ‘One World, One Health’.
International Yoga Day
International Day of Yoga is celebrated annually on June 21, since 2015. The day was incepted in United
Nations General Assembly in 2014. June 21st was suggested because it is the longest day of year in
Northern Hemisphere & having a special significance across the world.
Background
Idea of International Yoga Day was conceived and proposed by PM Modi on September 27, 2014 at UN
General Assembly. Resolution to adopt June 21 as International Yoga Day was introduced by India’s
Ambassador, Ashoke Kumar Mukerji. It received support of 177 nations.
Centre to link innovative agriculture technologies to farms in Northeast Region
Government is working towards linking innovative agricultural technologies with farms to benefit small and
marginal farmers in northeast India. It will primarily focus on women under Biotech-KISAN programme.
Highlights
Department of Biotechnology issued special call for Northeast region under the programme which will
help in understanding local issues of farmers & provide scientific solutions to them.
Programme will specifically focus on Northeast region because it is predominantly agrarian where
70% of its workforce were engaged in agriculture & allied sectors for livelihood.
Why this programme was launched for NE region?
Biotech-KISAN programme will be implemented in NE Region with objective of linking innovative
agriculture technologies with farm for small & marginal farmers.
Northeast region produces 1.5% of India’s food grain and continues to be net importer of food grains
for its domestic consumption.
Region has untapped potential to enhance income of farming population by promoting location
specific crops, horticultural & plantation crops, fisheries & livestock production.
Under the programme, hubs in NER will collaborate with scientific institutions of India and State
Agricultural Universities or Krishi Vigyan Kendras etc.
Biotech-KISAN programme
Mission Programme Biotech – Krishi Innovation Science Application Network is a scientist-farmer
partnership scheme launched in 2017. It was launched for agriculture innovation with the objective of
connecting science laboratories with farmers to get innovative solutions and technologies which can be
applied at farm level. So far, 146 Biotech-KISAN Hubs have been established across 15 agroclimatic zones
& 110 aspirational districts of India.
Karnataka Coastal Zone Management Authority
Union ministry of Environment, forest & Climate Change has notified about constituting a Karnataka Coastal
Zone Management Authority. Notification was issued under Environment Protection Act, 1986.
About authority
Karnataka Coastal Zone Management Authority is a 15-member body which will be constituted to
protect & improve the quality of coastal environment.
Its primary work is to prevent, abate and control environmental pollution in Coastal Regulation Zone
of Karnataka.
It is headed by Additional Chief Secretary, State Department of Forest, Ecology and Environment,
Bengaluru.
Term of office of present members is for three years.
Functions of authority
Authority will examine the application received for approval of project proposal, if it is in accordance
with approved Coastal Zone Management Plan.
It will also regulate all developmental activities in CRZ areas as specified in the 2011 notification.
It is responsible for enforcing and monitoring provisions of notification.
It will examine the proposals received from Karnataka government for changes or modifications in
classification of CRZ areas.
It will inquire into cases of alleged violation of provisions of Act or rules and review cases involving
violations or contraventions of provisions of the act or rules.
It will inquire or review cases of violations or contraventions of notification suo moto.
Authority has been authorised to file complaints under Section 19 of Act.
India to host Summit on Green Hydrogen initiatives
India is to host a two-day summit on Green Hydrogen Initiatives. Summit will start on June 22, 2021
involving the BRICS nations.
Key Points
This prestigious event offers a platform to share their respective Green Hydrogen initiatives & views
on how to take it to next level in their countries.
Online event will be hosted by India’s largest power producer and global energy majors called NTPC
Ltd.
Summit will bring best brains, policy makers and major stakeholders from BRICS nations deliberating
and discussing at length future of Hydrogen in energy mix.
Summit will witness panel discussions on ideas integrating hydrogen in overall energy policy
framework.
What are different types of Hydrogen?
Hydrogen which is produced from fossil fuels is called grey hydrogen and those generated from fossil fuels
with carbon capture & storage options is called blue hydrogen. On the other hand, Green Hydrogen is
obtained entirely from renewable power sources.
Advantages of Green Hydrogen
Green hydrogen is Environment friendly because its usage led to zero emissions. It is a clean burning
molecule which can decarbonise sectors like iron & steel, chemicals, and transportation. Green Hydrogen
will also help in transition towards clean electric mobility and will help in reducing dependency on minerals
& rare-earth element-based battery for energy storage.

Chile to draft New Constitution
According to Chilean President Sebastian Pinera, Chilean assembly is set to draft a new constitution for the
country which will replace the one inherited from dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. Its first session will be
held on July 4.
Key Points
Constitution will be re-written following a broad political consensus which was agreed to, after violent
social protests of 2019 against inequality in Chile. Referendum was held which got favour of 78% of
Chilean, on October 25, 2020.
Convention represents a great opportunity to achieve new constitution and it will be recognized &
respected by all Chileans under the framework of unity & stability toward future democracy.
Convention will comprise of 155 delegates who were elected in May, 2021.
Background
Constitution of 1980 has problems of legitimacy. The constitutional commission was not representative of
political spectrum of Chile because its members were handpicked by Pinochet dictatorship. As a result,
constitution has been frequently modified (20 times) ever since democracy was reinstated in the country.
About Chile
The country in western South America, occupies long, narrow strip of land between Andes in east and
Pacific Ocean in west. It covers an area of 756,096 square kilometres and a population of 17.5 million. It is
closest to Antarctica and the southernmost country worldwide. It shares border with Peru, Bolivia Argentina
and the Drake Passage. It also controls Pacific islands of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island in Oceania. Its
capital and largest city is Santiago while Spanish is the national language. Chile is known as copper country
of the world.
Social Justice Ministry sets up ’Divyangta Khel Kendras’
Union minister for Social Justice & Empowerment, Shri Thaawarchand Gehlot, announced to set up
“Divyangta Khel Kendras” across the country to work towards interest of Divyangjans in sports and their
good performance in Paralympics.
Key Points
First such kendra would be open in Ahmedabad City.
This announcement was made while virtually addressing ‘Samajik Adhikarita Shivir’ in Gujarat.
Samajik Adhikarita Shivir
This shivir was organised to distribution of aids and assistive devices to ‘Divyangjan’ under ADIP Scheme
(Scheme of Assistance to Disabled Persons) of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. It was
organized by Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD) in association with
ALIMCO & District Administration Jamnagar. Total of 6225 aids and assistive devices worth Rs.3.57 crore
will be distributed free of cost to 3805 Divyangjan in state. Assessment camps to identify Divyang
beneficiaries was conducted under ADIP scheme by ALIMCO in Jamnagar Parliamentary Constituency.
Scheme of Assistance to Disabled Persons (ADIP)
This scheme was launched in 1981 with the objective of assisting needy disabled persons in procuring
durable, sophisticated and scientifically manufactured, modern aids & appliances. Scheme seeks to
promote their physical, social & psychological rehabilitation by reducing effects of disabilities & enhance
their economic potential. Under the scheme, assistive devices are provided to divyangjan with the aim of
improving their independent functioning.
Tribal Affairs Ministry- NCERT partner for NISHTHA
Tribal Affairs Ministry and NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) have joined
hands with the objective of fulfilling vision of ministry to achieve academic excellence in Eklavya Model

Residential Schools (EMRSs).
Key Points
Partnership also aims to achieve excellence among 120 EMRS teachers and principals of 3 states
which completed 40 days’ NISHTHA programme.
NISHTHA Programme
NISHTHA stands for “National initiative for School Heads’ & Teachers’ Holistic Advancement”
programme.
It is a national flagship program of NCERT.
This is a capacity building program launched with the aim of building competencies among teachers
and school principals. It seeks to improving Quality of School Education through Integrated Teacher
Training.
This programme will be conducted across 350 functional EMRS schools in India.
First batch under programme
First batch of 120 EMRS teachers and principals were selected from 3 states viz., Himachal Pradesh,
Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Participants were trained on 18 modules covering aspects like Learning
Outcomes, Assessment Practices, Art-Integrated Learning, Gender Equality, POCSO Act, Covid Response of
Schools etc.
mYoga App
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launch mYoga app on the occasion of international day of Yoga and gave the
mantra of “Yog se Sahyog Tak”. This app is a great example of fusion of modern technology & ancient
science.
About mYoga App
mYoga App was launched to provide yoga training videos which will be available across the world in
different languages.
Currently it is available in English, Hindi and French languages. It will be launched in other UN
languages soon.
This app will play a great role in expanding yoga worldwide.
App was launched in collaboration with World Health Organisation (WHO).
What is the purpose of app?
This app has been launched to provide users with collection of videos and audio practice sessions which
can be practiced “in comfort of their own homes, whenever they wish.” App can be used for daily yoga
companion for persons aged 12-65 years.
Who developed the app?
mYoga app was developed by “reviewing scientific literature & extensive international expert consultation
processes.” It was developed in collaboration between WHO and Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy,
Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy.
India-US launched Hydrogen Task Force
According to US India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF), India and United States has launched a
hydrogen task force under “Strategic Clean Energy Partnership (SCEP)” which will boost India’s energy
security efforts.
About US-India Hydrogen Task Force
This task force was launched by United States Department of Energy, Union Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE) and USISPF.
It will represent industry & government stakeholders and assess technology status, study innovative
policy options & make recommendations.

This task force will bridge government research with unique industry perspectives which will help in
reaching the goals of decarbonizing, high-polluting industrial sectors and achieving a greener &
cleaner planet.
It will strengthen focused public, private cooperation between both the countries and make way for
accelerated development & deployment of hydrogen energy technologies
It will bring industries and academy together with an aim of integrating private sector inputs to bring
latest technology & adopt business models to develop and deploy hydrogen technologies.
Aim of the task force
US-India Hydrogen Task Force was constituted with the aim of serving as a forum to achieve affordable
hydrogen solutions. It seeks to enhance energy security & resilience by boosting up low or zero-carbon
hydrogen technologies & deployment.
What are Monoclonal antibodies?
Recently, scientists conducted experiments on monoclonal antibody cocktail named REGEN-COV2. Antibody
has been found to be life-saving treatment for severely affected Covid-19 patients.
What are Monoclonal Antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies are artificial antibodies that perform the activity of our immune systems. They are
produced by extracting specific antibodies from human blood and then cloning them. They are designed to
target a virus or specific part of one the virus. For example, REGEN-COV2 is a cocktail of two monoclonal
antibodies that targets SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Monoclonal antibodies bind to specific parts of spike
protein and block its ability to infect healthy cells.
Uses of Monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies are used to treat cancers, Ebola and HIV, besides covid-19. Research, amid the
covid-19 pandemic, are optimistic about abilities of monoclonal antibodies in reducing the risk of
hospitalisation. Monoclonal antibodies have also shown ability to retain activity against multiple variants of
covid-19 virus.
Limitation of Monoclonal Antibodies
Monoclonal therapies have shown results in high-risk groups with mild to moderate Covid-19 infections.
However, they are not approved for use in severe Covid-19 cases that require oxygen. Further, emerging
variants like Delta Plus have also displayed ability to nullify the use of monoclonal antibodies.
UN: India is 5th largest FDI recipient in 2020
As per UN report, India received USD 64 billion in foreign direct investments (FDI) in 2020. It has emerged
the fifth largest recipient of FDI inflows across the world.
World Investment Report 2021
“World Investment Report 2021” was released by UN Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD).
As per the report, global FDI flows have been severely hit by covid-19 pandemic.
FDI flow have decreased by 35 per cent in 2020 to USD 1 trillion from USD 1.5 trillion in 2019.
Lockdowns across the world have slowed down existing investment projects, and prospects of
multinational enterprises (MNEs) to start new projects.
Study on India
According to report, FDI has increased by 27 per cent to USD 64 billion in 2020. FDI was increased up by
acquisitions in information and communication technology (ICT) industry. Pandemic has also increased
demand of digital infrastructure and services globally. It has led to higher values of greenfield FDI project in
ICT industry and has increased by more than 22 per cent. Report highlights, second wave of COVID-19 India
have impacted country’s overall economic activities. India has been ranked 18 among world’s top 20

economies for FDI outflows. Report further highlights, Investments from India will stabilise in 2021, with the
support of country’s resumption of free trade agreement (FTA) talks with European Union (EU) and its
strong investment in Africa.
Tamil Nadu to set up Economic Advisory Council
Newly-elected Tamil Nadu government has decided to constitute an “Economic advisory council to the chief
minister”.
Key Points
Advisory council will comprise of leading economic experts from across the world as its members.
Its members include:
1. Nobel laureate Esther Duflo of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in USA,
2. Former Reserve Bank of India governor, Raghuram Rajan,
3. Former chief economic advisor to central government, Dr Arvind Subramanian,
4. Development economist, Jean Dreze and
5. Former Union finance secretary Dr S Narayan.
Purpose of the council
On the basis of recommendations of this council, government will revitalise economy in the state and
ensure that benefits of economic growth reach all segments of society.
Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (PMEAC)
PMEAC is a non-constitutional, non-permanent and independent body which have been constituted to
provide economic advice to Government, specifically Prime Minister. It serves to highlight key economic
issues that country faces such as inflation, microfinance, and industrial output. Council has been
constituted several times since independence. Recently, Prime minister Modi revived the council in 2017.
Presently, Bibek Debroy is the acting chairman of PMEAC. NITI Aayog serves as the Nodal Agency for
PMEAC for administrative, logistic, planning and budgeting purposes.
SEBI Reconstitutes Takeover Panel
Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has reconstituted its Takeover Panel.
About Takeover Panel
The takeover panel looks into application that seeks exemption from mandatory open offer which as
acquirer needs to make to minority shareholders.
N Venkatram MD and CEO of Deloitte India has been appointed as the new member of Takeover
Panel.
Panel is chaired by N K Sodhi, former chief justice of high courts of Karnataka and Kerala. He was
also the former presiding officer of Securities Appellate Tribunal.
Panel was constituted in accordance with regulation 11(5) of SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares
and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011.
Function of takeover panel
This panel makes its recommendations to Sebi on applications following which SEBI gives an opportunity to
concerned parties before passing any order.
Members of the panel
Other members of takeover panel are:
1. Darius Khambata, who was former advocate general in Maharashtra and
2. Thomas Mathew T who was former chairman of Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Background
First ever takeover panel was constituted in November 2007. It was a four-member panel under
chairmanship of former Bank of Baroda chairman, K Kannan.

Flex-fuel Engines to get mandatory in India
Central government is planning to make production of vehicle with flex-fuel engines mandatory for
carmakers in India.
Highlights
This decision was taken days after advancing cut-off date for mixing 20 per cent ethanol in petrol
from 2030 to 2025.
Government will soon take decision to ask auto industry to provide customers with option to choose
a more cost-effective fuel to run their cars and two-wheelers.
Flex-fuel engines are already in vogue in countries such as Brazil, Canada and United States. In these
countries, a lot of vehicle owners use ethanol as fuel for their cars.
What is flex-fuel vehicle?
Flexible-fuel vehicle of flex-fuel vehicle or dual-fuel vehicle is an alternative fuel vehicle in which internal
combustion engine are designed to run on more than one fuel. They usually run-on gasoline blended with
either ethanol or methanol fuel. Both of the fuels are stored in same common tank. Modern flex-fuel
engines can burn any proportion of resulting blend in combustion chamber because fuel injection and spark
timing are adjusted automatically in accordance with actual blend detected by fuel composition sensor.
Are they different than Bi-fuel Vehicles?
They are different than bi-fuel vehicles, where two fuels are stored in separate tanks and engine runs on one
fuel at a time.
June 22, 2021
What is Virtual Water analysis?
Researchers from Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati have found way for better water management
policies in India through Virtual Water analysis. This study was led by IIT-Guwahati professor Anamika
Barua.
Virtual Water
According to the professor, Virtual Water (VW) is water involved in production & trade of food & non-
food commodities & services.
Virtual water is that “invisible” water that has been consumed in the entire lifecycle of product or
service.
Virtual Water Analysis
Results obtained from study of IIT Guwahati will help in bridging knowledge governance gap to mitigate
water scarcity in Virtual Water flows assessment. As per the study, states with chronic water scarcity,
planning & implementation of sustainable agriculture are crucial to achieve water and food security. Study
finds that, pressure on freshwater resources in water parched states can be reduced by diversifying
production areas by using Virtual Water flows analysis to produce agro-climatically suitable food grains.
Background
Concept of Virtual Water was first conceived in 1990s to understand how water-stressed countries can
provide people with essential items like water-intensive products including food, clothing, and shelter.
Aim of Virtual water flows assessment
Assessment is done with the aim of inducing sustainable use which can lead to water security. It will also
address the gap between science & policy on water scarcity by analysing water flows hidden in agriculture
products which are moving across states in India. It can also help in framing evidence-based water policies
and establishing link between hydrological-economic-institutional aspect of water scarcity.
Laurel Hubbard: 1st Trans Olympian
New Zealand Olympic Committee (NZOC) has selected weightlifter Laurel Hubbard to contest women’s +87
kg category. Weightlifter will be the first transgender athlete to compete at Olympics.
Key Points
43-year-old weightlifter had competed in men’s weightlifting competitions before gender transition in
2013.
Hubbard has been eligible to compete at Olympics since 2015.
In 2015, International Olympic Committee issued guidelines to allow any transgender athlete to
compete as woman on the condition that their testosterone levels are below 10 nanomoles per litre
for at least 12 months before they take part in first competition.
About Laurel Hubbard
Hubbard is a New Zealand weightlifter who has been selected to compete at 2020 Summer Olympics. She
will be the first transgender athlete to compete in Olympic Games after gender transition. Before her gender
transition, Hubbard had set New Zealand junior records in 1998 in newly established M105+ division with
snatch 135 kg, clean & jerk 170 kg. However, these records were later surpassed by David Liti. Hubbard
transitioned to female and became Laurel Hubbard in 2012. She won a silver medal at 2017 World
Championships and gold in 2019 Pacific Games in Samoa. She also competed at 2018 Commonwealth
Games but a serious injury set back her career.
Throat Gargle Sample Test for Children
As per the recommendations of a 13-member expert committee headed by cardiologist Devi Prasad Shetty,
detection of COVID-19 can be done through throat gargle for children.
Key points
Committee, set up by state government to assist in controlling the potential third wave, submitted its
interim report which highlights that, throat gargle samples can be used to detect COVID-19 infection
among children aged 6-14.
A study by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) also revealed that throat gargle can be a
feasible alternative to swabs to collect sample to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Impact of Third wave on Children
As per estimates, about 3.4 lakh children aged up to 18 years are likely to hit by peak of third wave in State.
Recommendations of the committee
Committee has recommended some measures to combat possible third wave.
According to the committee, demand for paediatric beds at peak level during third wave is likely to
touch 23,804 in hospitals.
It suggests, about 6,801 ICU or HDU beds and 43,358 COVID Care Centre beds may be required to
treat the infected children.
As per committee, managing children with COVID-19 in ICU is completely different than handling adult
patients. Because, adults can take care of themselves with required support but children cannot be
left alone with nurses and doctors. Thus, a different treatment protocol will be needed to treat
children.
Swedish PM Stefan Lofven loses no-confidence vote
Swedish Prime Minister, Stefan Lofven, has become country’s first prime minister to lose a no-confidence
vote.
Key Points
Losing a no-confidence vote means, he can now either resign or trigger a snap election.
Motion of no confidence was passed with a majority of 181 MPs in 349-seat parliament.
Lofven is the first head of government to lose a no-confidence vote and it means collapse of Social
Democrat and Green Party coalition minority government.

Political Crisis in Sweden
Political crisis in Sweden was triggered by a project to reform its rent controls and open door for landlords
to freely set rents for new apartments. However, this project is still in its preliminary stages. This project is
being seen as odds with Swedish social model and as a threat to tenants.
The Riksdag
Swedish Parliament is called as Riksdag. It is the national legislature and supreme decision-making body of
Sweden. Riksdag has been a unicameral legislature since 1971. It is having 349 members who are elected
proportionally and serving for a fixed four-year term. Constitutional functions of Riksdag are enumerated in
instrument of Government and its internal workings are mentioned in Riksdag Act.
Japan to allow 10,000 local fans at Olympics
Olympics organisers has capped the number of spectators at 10,000 for each venue in the 2020 Tokyo
Games following the warnings of experts that event without fans will be a least risky option during the
Covid-19 pandemic.
Key Points
This decision was taken because, vaccine roll-out has been slow in Japan and medical system
pushed to the brink. Though, Japan has avoided explosive coronavirus outbreaks which has
devastated other countries.
Limit for Games will be set at 50% of venue capacity.
This limit is subject to reduction after July 12, on the basis of provisions of any emergency or anti-
infection measures.
2020 Summer Olympics
It is officially called as Games of XXXII Olympiad and also known as Tokyo 2020. It is an upcoming
international multi-sport event which will be held from July 23 to August 8, 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. Earlier, it
was scheduled to from July 24 to August 9 2020. But it was postponed in March 2020 because of COVID-19
pandemic. Event will not allow international spectators. Even though it has been rescheduled for 2021, it
retains Tokyo 2020 name for marketing and branding purposes. This was the first time that Olympic Games
have been postponed and rescheduled.
Key Facts to remember
2020 Games will be the second time that Japan has hosted Summer Olympic Games. First Summer Olympic
was held in Tokyo in 1964. This also makes Tokyo, the first city in Asia to host Summer Games twice. 2020
games will be the fourth Olympic Games to be held in Japan. Japan also hosted Winter Olympics in 1972 at
Sapporo and in 1998 at Nagano.
Cassava: Feedstock for Bioethanol Production
ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) have found CASSAVA as a raw material for bioethanol
production to meet Ethanol Blending Petrol (EBP) programme target of 2025 by India.
Key Points
As a biofuel crop, cassava has several advantages over sugarcane.
Cassava is having a high starch content and ability to grow under low management conditions. It has
been globally recognised as a potential candidate for bioethanol production.
However, economic viability to scale-up production from cassava varieties has to be ascertained
because of failure of an alcohol plant set up in Palakkad in 1990s.
Pas biofuel crop
Its starch is having a unique physicochemical and functional properties which finds extensive applications
in food and industrial sectors. Agricultural residues of cassava like peels, stems and leaves are the
potential feedstock for 2G bioethanol production.

Production of Cassava in India
Cassava, also known as Tapioca, production in India is estimated to be 4.98 million tonnes. Tamil Nadu,
followed by Kerala accounts for major amount of production. Its cultivation is also extending towards non-
traditional areas like Maharashtra in order to meet projected demand for starch.
National Policy on Biofuels 2018
This policy ensures the availability of biofuels to meet demand of 20 per cent ethanol produced from
molasses, sugarcane juices & biomass in form of grasses & agricultural residues, sugar-containing
materials like sugar beet, & sweet sorghum or starch-containing materials like rotten potatoes, corn,
cassava, and damaged food grains. India has a target to produce 1,016 crore litres of ethanol for its
blending programmes.
UN: Great Barrier Reef should be listed as 'in danger’
UN committee recommended to add Great Barrier Reef to the list of “in danger” World Heritage Sites.
However, this recommendation is opposed by Australia which is blaming political interference.
Key Points
Recommendation was made by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
committee. This committee sits under UNESCO. According to the committee, world’s biggest coral reef
system should be added to ‘in danger’ list because of impact of climate change.
Background
Australia has been battling to keep Great Barrier Reef off the “in danger’ for four years. UNESCO noted in
2015 that, outlook for this reef was poor. However, it kept the site’s status unchanged. Since 2015, Great
Barrier Reef has experienced three major coral bleaching events because of severe marine heatwaves.
Great Barrier Reef
It is world’s largest coral reef system that comprises of about 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands
stretching for 2,300 kilometres over an area of 344,400 square kilometres. It is located in Coral Sea, off the
coast of Queensland, Australia. The reef can be seen from outer space. It is world’s biggest single structure
made by living organisms. Structure of the reef is composed of and built by tiny organisms called coral
polyps. It was selected as World Heritage Site in 1981.
Israel successfully tests airborne high-power Laser
Israeli military has successfully tested an airborne high-power laser which have the capability to shoot down
drones.
Key points
Israel already have large and sophisticated air defense system.
This system had 90 per cent interception rate against thousands of rockets which were fired from
Gaza during 11-day war of May 2021.
About Israel’s Laser defence system
Laser is a prototype developed with Elbit Systems. It was mounted on a civilian plane and successfully shot
down drones in recent test conducted over Mediterranean Sea.
What is a laser weapon?
Laser weapon is a directed-energy weapon which are based on lasers. As of January 2020, directed-energy
weapons including lasers are currently at experimental stage despite several R&D. It is yet to be seen if or
when laser weapons will be deployed as practical, high-performance military weapons. Laser generates a
beam of light which needs clear air or a vacuum to work[5] without thermal blooming.
Challenges with laser weapon
Atmospheric thermal blooming is a major problem. This problem can worsen if fog, smoke, rain, dust, snow,
smog, foam like obscurant chemicals is present.

Yellow Gold 48: Yellow Watermelon commercially introduced
German agrochemicals major Bayer has commercially launched first-ever yellow watermelon variety called
“Yellow Gold 48” in India under Seminis brand.
About Yellow Watermelon
Yellow watermelon has been developed from superior germplasm under Bayer’s global research and
development efforts.
Yellow watermelon variety has been commercially introduced in India after two years of local trials.
Yellow Gold 48 have enhanced yield potential, better disease & pest tolerance and higher returns
which can benefit watermelon growers.
Yellow Gold 48 variety is best suited for cultivation during October to February. Harvest can be done
from April onwards after which it will be available in market until mid-July.
Significance of Yellow Gold 48
Yellow Gold 48 is having high yield and income potential which will empower watermelon growers to
diversify into new categories. It will also help in growing demand for exotic fruits. It is the first of its kind
yellow flesh watermelon which have moderate to good plant type. It has dark green rind with slight stripes
and orange yellow flesh colour. Average weight of the fruit is 2.5 -3 kg.
Proposed Amendments to Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules, 2020
India has planned to tighten rules for e-commerce marketplaces like Amazon and Flipkart and has proposed
several amendments to Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules, 2020.
Background
This decision was taken following complaints from small businesses. They have accused e-commerce
marketplace of misusing market dominance and deep discounting by online retailers. Amendments have
been proposed at a time when large e-commerce marketplaces like Flipkart and Amazon India are being
investigated by Competition Commission of India (CCI) for alleged abuse of market dominance. CCI probe
also focuses on deep-discounting practices that e-commerce marketplaces often come up with.
Proposed Rules
Amended rules propose to limit ‘flash sales’ of goods and services by e-commerce companies.
However, it does not ban Conventional e-commerce flash sales. Some specific flash sales or back-to-
back sales that limit customers choice, increase prices & prevents a level playing field will not be
allowed.
E-commerce firms will have to establish adequate redressal mechanisms and appoint a chief
compliance officer.
Companies are also required to name a resident grievance officer who has to be a company employee
and a citizen of India. He will serve as nodal point of contact for law enforcement agencies.
Assam signs MoU with Survey of India to implement Svamitva
Assam government has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Survey of India to implement
Svamitva scheme in the state.
Key Points
Svamitva scheme aims to provide an integrated property validation solution in rural areas.
Scheme will be implemented by Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj, and Assam Government’s
Department of Revenue and Disaster Management with the support of Panchayat and Rural
Development.
Survey of India is the technology partner. It will take steps to survey inhabited rural land by drone and
will establish ground-based control stations which will enable a detailed spatial database of
properties in rural areas.

This scheme is expected to reduce property related disputes and legal cases across rural areas.
Svamitva scheme
This scheme was launched on April 24, 2020 on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day. It would
provide ‘record of rights’ to village household owners who are possessing houses in inhabited rural areas in
villages. This in turn, would enable the villagers to use their property as financial asset to take loans and
other financial benefits from banks.
UN Annual Report on children and armed conflict
United Nations published its “Annual Report of Secretary-General on Children & Armed Conflict (CAAC)”. As
per the report, about 19,300 children, including boys and girls, have suffered from one or more incidents of
grave violations in 2020.
Key Findings of report
As per the report, 26425 grave violations were committed against children in 2020, including attacks
on schools and hospitals.
About 19,300 children affected by war in 2020 were victims of grave violations like killing, maiming or
rape.
As per report, recruitment & use of children, killing & maiming were most prevalent grave violations
against children which is followed by denial of humanitarian access & abduction.
Crimes of abduction has increased by 90%, incidents of rape & other forms of sexual violence have
increased by 70% in 2020.
Wars of adults have taken away childhood of millions of boys and girls in 2020.
One in four children affected by grave violations like rare & other forms of sexual violence were girls.
98% of incidents of sexual violence perpetrated against girls.
Impact of Covid-19
Covid-19 pandemic has complicated UN’s efforts to reach out to children in situations of armed conflict. It
has increased vulnerability of children to abduction, recruitment & use, sexual violence and attacks on
schools & hospitals.
Odisha: Only state to have all three species of crocodiles
Odisha has become the only state in India to have all the three species of crocodiles.
Key Points
Three species in the state of Odisha are:
1. Reptile freshwater Gharials at Satkosia in Mahanadi,
2. Muggers in Bhitarkanika National Park and
3. Saltwater crocodiles.
Odisha has witnessed natural nesting of Gharials (a critically endangered species) for the first time
since they were introduced in its rivers in 1975.
About 28 hatchlings of Gharials were spotted in Mahanadi River in Baladamara area near Satkosia
range.
Gharials in Odisha
Original Gharials which were introduced in Odisha are dead now. After waiting for 40 years for their
numbers to grow naturally, Odisha introduced 13 more Gharials in past three years in the Mahanadi. But
only eight survived.
About Gharial
Gharials, also known as gavial or fish-eating crocodile, are crocodilian of family Gavialidae. They are among
longest of all living crocodilians. They have been named gharial because of a distinct boss at the end of
snout, which resembles an earthenware pot called ghara. Gharials are well adapted to catching fish because

of its long, thin snout and 110 sharp & interlocking teeth. They have been listed as critically endangered in
IUCN Red List since 2007.
Background
They probably evolved in northern Indian subcontinent. Fossil gharial remains were excavated in Pliocene
deposits from Shivalik Hills and Narmada River valley. They currently inhabit rivers in northern Indian
subcontinent.
June 23, 2021
Study: Benefits in Punjab due to BT Cotton adoption
As per recent study in Punjab, adoption of BT cotton in Punjab has resulted in net economic and
environmental benefits.
About BT Cotton
BT cotton is a genetically modified organism (GMO) or genetically modified pest resistant plant cotton
variety. It produces an insecticide to combat bollworm. BT toxins are insecticidal to larvae of moths,
butterflies, cotton bollworms, beetles and flies. Commercial cultivation of BT cotton (Bacillus thuringiensis
cotton) began in 2002 after Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) approved it. Its cultivation was
started in 2002 in western and southern parts of the country. it was introduced by joint venture between
Monsanto and Mahyco. India grew the largest GM cotton crop in 2011 at 10.6 million hectares.
BT cotton in Punjab
BT cotton was released for cultivation in Punjab in 2005. Even before it was released, 72% farmers were
growing BT Cotton on 22% of cotton area.
Study: Success of BT in Punjab
Research conducted the study funded by Agricultural Extension Division of Indian Council of Agricultural
Research under extramural project “Impact evaluation of integrated pest management technologies”. Study
found that, since the commercialization of BT cotton,
1. Insecticide use by volume & applications, environmental & human health impact associated with
insecticide use and use of highly hazardous & riskiest insecticides has reduced over time.
2. Expenses associated with insecticide use has also reduced.
3. Cotton yields in the past 13 years have been stable, except in 2015.
World’s first GM Rubber planted in Assam
Rubber Board has started field trial of world’s first GM (genetically modified) rubber in the state of Assam.
Key Points
GM Rubber was developed in biotechnology laboratory at Rubber Research Institute of India (RRII) in
Puthuppally, Kottayam.
It was planted at Rubber board’s Sarutari research farm in Guwahati.
Rubber Board launched field trial of GM Rubber in Assam a decade after Kerala Government denied
permission for the same because of its adverse impact on environment.
Background
GM Rubber is the second genetically modified crop for which field trial has started after Bt. Cotton. Genetic
Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) had allowed to open field trials of GM rubber in 2010 at
Chetchackal, Thombikandom, in Kottayam.
Significance of GM Rubber
GM variant rubber has the capacity to withstand adverse climatic conditions. It will give a big boost to
rubber production in India. It will greatly benefit farmers after trials are over. The crop is resistant to
reduced moisture or drought, low & high temperatures as well as high light intensity. It will also cut short the
maturity period of rubber. It will result into early yielding.
Issue with the growth of rubber
Growth of young rubber gets slower in winter season in North East because plants do not get enough light
during monsoon. Lack of adequate water during summer season also creates stress to plants. Thus, GM
rubber can overcome these issues and result into faster growth.
India-Fiji MoU for Cooperation in Agriculture
A memorandum of understanding (MoU) for cooperation in agriculture & allied sectors was signed between
Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Shri Narendra Singh Tomar and Fiji’s Minister of
Agriculture, Waterways & Environment, Dr. Mahendra Reddy.
Key Points
India and Fiji share a cordial and friendly relations based on mutual respect, cooperation and strong
cultural & people-to-people ties.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Fiji and first Forum for India Pacific Islands Cooperation have
given a new boost to India’s engagement with Fiji and Pacific region.
In the lines, signing of this MoU will further strengthen the multi-faceted cooperation between both
the countries.
Cooperation between countries
Food and agriculture are closely associated to climate change. Both countries are cooperating to deal with
global challenges in agriculture. Amid the covid-19 pandemic, India have distributed about 7 tonnes of
seeds of 14 varieties of fruits and vegetables to Fiji as a grant for livelihood restoration of communities who
were affected by Cyclone Yasa.
About MoU
MoU between both the countries provides for cooperation in fields of Dairy Industry Development, Root crop
diversification, Rice Industry Development, Water Resources Management, Food Processing Industry
Development, Coconut Industry Development, Agriculture Mechanization, Animal Husbandry, Agricultural
Research, Horticulture Industry Development, Pest & Disease, Cultivation, Value Addition & Marketing, Post-
Harvest & Milling, Breeding & Agronomy. MoU will be executed by Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’
Welfare, India and Ministry of Agriculture, Fiji. A Joint Working Group will also be established to set down
procedures. MoU will be valid for five years.
Green Tariff Policy launched
Union Government is working on a ‘Green Tariff Policy’ with the objective of reinforcing India’s green energy
credentials.
Green Tariff Policy
Green Tariff Policy will help electricity distribution companies (DISCOMs) supply electricity generated
from clean energy projects at a cheaper rate as compared to power from conventional fuel sources
such as coal.
Large corporate who are looking to procure only green power, they can contract such power from a
clean energy developer as it is done in commercial and industrial (C&I) segment.
Once the policy is finalised, DISCOMs can exclusively buy green electricity and supply it at ‘green
tariff’.
Green Tariff will be the weighted average tariff of green energy that consumer will have to pay.
The tariff will be slightly lower than tariff from conventional fuel sources and a new regulation will
help to ensure, if an industry wants only green power from developer, open access applications will
be approved within a fortnight.
Open access
Open access allows large users of energy, consuming over 1 megawatt of power, to buy energy from open

market, instead of depending on expensive grid. However, state DISCOMs are not allowing clean energy
developers to use power transmission and distribution networks to supply electricity to third-party.
Background
Green tariff policy is being finalised in the backdrop of India’s solar and wind power tariffs hitting a low of
₹1.99 per unit and ₹2.43 per unit respectively.
ZyCoV-D: World's first DNA-based Vaccine
Indian pharmaceutical company Zydus Cadila is soon going to apply Central Drugs Regulator (DGCI) for
emergency approval of the corona vaccine ZyCoV-D. If approved, it will be the world’s first DNA-based
vaccine. With this, the number of vaccines available in the country will increase to 4. So far, Serum
Institute’s Covishield, Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin and Russia’s Sputnik-V are being used in India.
Single Dose or Double Dose
All three vaccines currently being administered in India are double dose vaccines. At the same time, there
are single-dose vaccines also such as Johnson & Johnson and Sputnik Lite, which may come to India in the
coming months. But the Zykov-D vaccine is different from all these. Not one or two but three doses of this
Indian vaccine will be applied. During Phase-1 and Phase-2 trials, this vaccine keeps immunity strong for a
long time after applying three doses. However, Cadila is also testing two doses of it. Results related to this
can also come soon.
Method of Applying Vaccine
ZyCoV-D is a needle free vaccine. It will be fitted with a jet injector. Jet injectors are widely used in USA and
some other countries. This allows the vaccine to be injected into people’s skin under high pressure. At the
same time, the needle injections that are usually used, fluid or medicine goes into the muscles. Compressed
gas or springs are used for pressure in jet injectors.
This device was invented in 1960. WHO gave permission for its use in 2013. Jet injectors have been in
widespread use in the US since 2014. Along with this, it is also used in some countries of Europe, Africa and
Asia.
Benefits of vaccine with a jet injector
Firstly, it reduces the pain to the person who is getting it, because it does not go inside your muscle like a
normal injection.Secondly, the risk of spreading the infection is much less than the needle injection.
Companies like Farmjet, Spirit International, Valeritus Holdings, Injex, Enteris Pharma manufacture jet
injectors.
Vaccine Application Status
Cadila may apply to DGCI for emergency approval of ZyCoV-D this week. The data analysis of Phase 3 of the
vaccine trial is almost ready. The company has informed the government about this. Apart from adults, this
vaccine is also being tested on children aged 12 to 18 years. This vaccine is also being tested on people
who already have serious diseases. Zydus Cadila is talking about producing 24 crore doses in a year. The
preparation of the company is such that it will come in the market just a few days after getting the approval.
The company will produce 2 crore vaccines every month. Along with this, talks are also going on with other
manufacturers to increase production. The company will make about one crore doses in the first month.
After this the production will be doubled from next month.
Information on Three doses of ZyCoV-D
The second dose of ZyCoV-D will be administered 28 days after the first dose. At the same time, the third
dose will be taken 56 days after the first dose. That is, there will be a difference of 4 weeks in each dose.
More than 28000 people have been enrolled for the third phase trial of ZyCoV-D. This includes children
between the ages of 12 and 18. Cadila has conducted Phase III trials at 20 centers across the country. At
each centre, 20-20 children in the age group of 12 to 18 years were also part of the trial. It has been said by

the centers involved in the trial that no side effects have been seen on the children of the vaccine. It is
expected that soon the country will get the first vaccine for children. It is being said that the company may
soon trial the vaccine on children aged 5 to 12 years. If the results of the trial are encouraging, then the
scope of vaccination can be expanded further.
How does this vaccine work?
ZyCoV-D is a DNA-plasmid vaccine. This vaccine uses genetic material to increase the immunity of the
body. Just as Pfizer and Moderna’s vaccines in many countries including the US use mRNA to increase
immunity, in the same way it uses plasmid-DNA. mRNA can also be called messenger RNA, which goes into
the body and gives the message to make antibodies against the corona virus. Whereas, plasmid is a small
DNA molecule present in human cells. This DNA is different from the common chromosome DNA. Plasmid-
DNA is commonly found in bacterial cells and can replicate independently. The plasmid-DNA is converted
into a viral protein when it enters the human body. This develops a strong immune response to the virus in
the body. This stops the virus from growing. If a virus changes its shape, that is, it has a mutation, then this
vaccine can be changed in a few weeks. It is easier to maintain than other vaccines. It can be stored at 2 to
8 degree temperature. Even at 25 degree room temperature, it does not spoil. Because of this, there is no
need of cold chain for its maintenance. Even for the new variant of the corona, it can be easily modified
compared to the other vaccines.
Mizoram announces incentives for having more children
Sports Minister of Mizoram, Robert Romawia Royte, has announced a cash incentive of Rs 1 lakh for having
more children.
Highlights
Rs 1 lakh would be given to living parent with highest number of children in minister’s constituency to
encourage population growth among the demographically small Mizo communities.
This declaration was announced at a time when several Indian states are advocating population
control policy.
Person will also get a certificate and a trophy.
Cost of the incentive will be borne by a construction consultancy firm which is owned by Royte’s son.
Why this declaration was made?
Minister made this declaration as infertility rate has increased and growth rate has decreased among Mizo
population which has become a serious concern. Mizoram is far below optimum number of people to attain
development across several fields because of gradual decline in its population.
Population density in Mizoram
About 52 persons live in area of per square kilometre in Mizoram. It has the second lowest population
density in India, next to Arunachal Pradesh. National average is 382 per sq km.
Delhi launched Mukhyamantri Covid-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana
Delhi government has launched “Mukhyamantri COVID-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana” to provide
financial assistance to the families who lost a member due to Covid-19 pandemic.
Why scheme was launched?
According to notification by Social Welfare Department, Rs 50,000 ex-gratia will be provided to every
family that has lost a member amid pandemic.
A pension of Rs 2,500 per month would also be given to those families that lost the sole breadwinner
to covid-19 pandemic.
Government will also consider single member of affected family to be enrolled as civil defence
volunteer.
Government will also look after health and education needs of dependent children.

What are the conditions to get ex-gratia?
There is no income criterion to apply to get ex-gratia under this scheme. However, deceased and
dependant should be from Delhi.
To get the ex-gratia, death should be certified as COVID-19 death or death within one month of testing
positive with Covid-19.
Background
Announcement to bring such scheme was announced by Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal on May 18, 2021. He
also promised free education and financial assistance to children who lost one or both parents.
International Olympic Day 2021
World Olympic Day is observed on June 23 across the world to embrace all through pure Olympic values.
Key points
This day signifies the Olympic Games which is held every four-year featuring summer and winter
sports competitions.
During the event, thousands of athletes from world take part in several competitions.
Athletes participate in sports activities like runs, music, exhibitions, and educational seminars on this
day.
Olympic Day
Olympic Day is observed on the basis of three pillars:
1. Move
2. Learn
3. Detect
History of the day
World Olympic Day was introduced in 1948. It was started to commemorate the birth of modern Olympic
Games on June 23, 1894. Modern Olympic Games was born at Sorbonne in Paris. Modern-day Olympic
games are inspired by ancient Olympic Games which were held in Olympia, Greece between 8th century BC
and 4th century AD.
Goal of the day
Olympic Day is celebrated to promote participation in sport across the world irrespective of gender, age, or
athletic ability.
Modern Olympic Games
Olympic Games are leading international sporting events that features summer and winter sports
competitions wherein thousands of athletes from world participate in several competition. These Games
are considered world’s foremost sports competition in which about 200 nations participate. Games are
normally held in Summer and Winter, every two years in four-year period.
WHO Report: Suicide worldwide in 2019
Suicide worldwide in 2019 report was published by World Health Organization (WHO).
Key findings of report
Report finds that, reducing global suicide mortality rate by a third is an indicator as well as a target in
United Nations-mandated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). But world will not be able to reach
this target.
Only 38 countries have a national suicide prevention strategy, as of now.
Suicide crisis was already in place in 2019. About 7,03,000 people (one in 100) died by suicide in
2019.
In 2019, global age-standardized suicide rate was 9.0 per 1,00,000 population.
58% of the suicides occurred before the age of 50 years.

Suicide was fourth-leading cause of death in young people aged 15-29 worldwide in 2019.
77% of global suicides occurred in low-income and middle-income countries in 2019.
Africa, Europe and South-East Asia accounted for suicide rates higher than world’s average.
Suicides in India
As per the WHO report, India has highest suicide rate in Southeast Asian region. National Crime Records
Bureau shows that, about 1,34,516 cases of suicide were reported in 2018. Rate of suicide was 9.9 in 2017
which increased to 10.2 in 2018.
Gujarat launches Agricultural Diversification Scheme
Chief Minister of Gujarat, Vijay Rupani, e-launched Agricultural Diversification Scheme-2021 which will
benefit vanbandhu- farmers in tribal areas. It seeks to make agriculture sustainable and profitable in tribal
areas.
About the scheme
Scheme will benefit some 1.26 lakh farmers from 14 tribal districts of the state.
Under this scheme, tribal farmers will be provided fertilizer-seed assistance of Rs. 31 crores.
About 45 kg of urea, 50 kg of NPK and 50 kg of ammonium sulphate will be provided to these
farmers.
Seeds of crops such as maize, millet, tomato, Bitter Melon (karela), Calabash (dudhi) etc. will be
provided under this scheme.
What state government has done to provide water?
State government has also undertaken works to deliver irrigation water at high altitudes through several lift
irrigation schemes in hilly areas of tribal districts. These schemes would enable tribal farmers to cultivate
on their own.
Tribal districts in Gujarat
Scheduled areas or Tribal areas of Gujarat are distributed across Tapi district, Bharuch district, Dangs
district & taluka, Valsad district, Panchmahal district, Vadodara district, Saurashtra region, Sabarkantha
district and Surat District. As per census 2011, population of Gujarat was 60,439,692 out of which 8,917,174
persons are Scheduled Tribes (STs). They constitute about 14.75 percent of total population of Gujarat.
Reuters Digital News Report, 2021
th
10 edition of Reuters Digital News Report 2021 was published on June 23, 2021. Report is published by
Reuters Institute for Study of Journalism (RISJ).
India was ranked at 31st position in the category of “trust in news” out of 46 media markets that were
surveyed by Reuters.
Asian College of Journalism (ACJ) provided logistical support to survey Indian market.
Study focused on trust in news and featured India for the first time in its main report this year.
As per report, 73 per cent of respondents in India use smartphones to access news while 82 per cent
source news online using social media.
63 per cent of the respondents are acquiring information from social media platforms like WhatsApp
and YouTube only.
38 percent of the respondents in India trusted news overall.
Finland, with 65%, has highest levels of overall trust in news.
USA, with 29 %, has the lowest levels of trust.
Who were the respondents?
ACJ and RISJ interviewed only online news users and English-speaking affluent, younger, educated and city-
dwelling population. They account for small portion of Indians and cannot be considered as representing

India.
Moody's: India's growth projection at 9.6 per cent for 2021
Moody’s Investors Service has reduced India’s growth forecast to 9.6 per cent for 2021 from the earlier
forecast of 13.9 per cent. According to it, growth will restrict to 7 % in 2022.
Highlights
Growth forecast was published in its report called ‘Macroeconomics India: Economic shocks from second
COVID wave will not be as severe as last year’s’.
As per the report, high-frequency economic indicators shows that second wave of COVID-19 in India
has hit hard the economy in April and May.
It highlights, as restrictions are now easing, economic activity in May will signify the trough.
Faster vaccination progress will be the key in restricting economic losses to June 2021.
It further states, virus resurgence has added uncertainty to India’s growth forecast for 2021. But it is
likely that the economic damage will remain restricted for April-June quarter.
Which states have been hardest hit?
10 states in India have been hardest hit by second wave. They account for about 60 per cent of pre-
pandemic level of India’s GDP. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka are the four states
that contributed largest shares among all states in financial year 2019-20.
Background
Indian economy witnessed the growth rate of 7.3 per cent in fiscal 2020-21 during the first wave of COVID
against the growth rate of 4 per cent in 2019-20.
BRICS Green Hydrogen Summit
India’s largest energy integrated company, NTPC Ltd, anchored two-day BRICS Green Hydrogen Summit.
Highlights
Green Hydrogen is one of the most popular and demanding fields in current times and is considered
as next carrier of energy.
Online event was attended by experts from Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS)
countries.
BRICS countries shared their insights and professional views on subject and latest developments of
their countries in the field of green hydrogen.
Key notes from expert highlights that, government & industry must work together to ensure that
existing regulations are not an unnecessary barrier to investment.
Significance of BRICS in bringing green hydrogen
Five BRICS countries have a common vision of sustainable development and inclusive economic growth.
Strategic areas of importance for grouping include- strengthening energy cooperation & ensuring affordable,
reliable, accessible and secured energy for all. BRICS countries are capable of ensuring a net-zero carbon
emission because the cost of deployment of emerging technologies in BRICS countries is a fraction as
compared to developed countries.
Why focus is on green hydrogen?
BRICS countries are focusing on green hydrogen because it has a great potential to ensure sustainable
energy supply, increase level of energy availability and minimize negative impact on environment.
Cabinet approves merger of CWC-CRWC
Union Cabinet has approved merger of Central Railside Warehouse Company (CRWC) and its holding
enterprise Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) in order to unify similar functions of both the
companies. Companies were merged with the aim of improving efficiency and increase financial savings.

Significance of merger
With the merger, it is expected that, management expenditure of Railside Warehouse Complexes
(RWCs) will be reduced by Rs 5 crore due to savings in corporate office rent, salary of employees and
other administrative costs.
India & Saint Vincent and The Grenadines signed agreement for exchange of information & assistance
to collect taxes which will help in India’s fight against offshore tax evasion and tax avoidance
practices.
CRWC & CWC merger will unify similar functions of both companies, like warehousing, handling, and
transportation. These functions would come under single administration which in turn will promote
efficiency, optimum capacity utilisation, accountability, transparency and ensure financial savings.
It will help in setting up at least 50 more Railside warehouses near goods-shed locations which will
generate employment opportunities for 36,500-man days for skilled workers and 9,12,500-man days
for unskilled workers.
Central Railside Warehouse Company Limited (CRWC)
CRWC is a Public Sector Enterprise of Mini-Ratna status of Category-II. It was incorporated on in 2007 under
the Companies Act, 1956.
Jamsetji Tata: World's top philanthropist of last century
Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata who was the founder of Tata Group, has emerged as the topper of the list of
EdelGive Hurun Philanthropists of Century.
Highlights
An estimated donation of $102.4 billion was in health and education sector.
Total philanthropic value of Tata is made up of 66 percent of Tata Sons which is estimated at $100
billion.
Tata Group and its philanthropic activities are presently headed and overseen by Emeritus Chairman
Ratan Tata
Who was Jamsetji Tata?
Jamsetji Tata was the founder of Tata Iron and Steel Works Company (TISCO) in Jamshedpur which is now
known as Tata Steel. His endowments started as early as 1892 and he was popular for his ventures within
cotton and pig iron industry. Though Jamsetji Tata died in 1904, Tata Steel operates across 26 countries
and employs about 80,500 people. Jamsetji Tata is regarded as the “Father of Indian Industry”. He was so
influential across the world of industry that Jawaharlal Nehru referred him as “One-Man Planning
Commission”.
Tata Group
It is an Indian public multinational conglomerate that manufacture automobiles, airplanes and other
products. It is headquartered in Mumbai and was founded in 1868.
India- USA Navy Passage Exercise
India and USA are all set to conduct Passage Naval Exercise in last week of June 2021. Indian naval ships
will carry maritime patrol & other aircraft to participate the exercise with US Navy’s Ronald Reagan Carrier
Strike Group during its transit through Indian Ocean Region.
Key Points
Passex is part of regular exercises between Indian and US navies.
This bilateral and multilateral format exercises “underscore shared values of both the navies in
ensuring commitment of an open, inclusive and rules-based international order.
Background
Indian Navy conducted Passex exercise with USS Ronald Reagan in October 2020 and later Indian naval

ships conducted another Passex with USS Nimitz that was returning from South China Sea through Strait of
Malacca where Freedom of Navigation Operations were undertaken. In September 2020, a US Navy P-8A
long range maritime patrol aircraft also landed at Port Blair in Andaman & Nicobar Islands for refuelling for
the first time under bilateral logistics support agreement.
Ronald Reagan Carrier Strike Group (CSG)
CSG is currently on its way to Middle East to help provide support for US withdrawal from Afghanistan.
Earlier in June, CSG was in contested waters of South China Sea where it conducted exercises with
Singapore Navy.
Aim of India-US Passex exercise
India-US Passex exercise is a two-day exercise which aims to strengthen bilateral relationship and
cooperation by demonstrating ability to integrate & coordinate comprehensively in maritime operations.
June 24, 2021
Cochin International Airport wins honour in airport service quality.
Cochin International Airport (CIAL) won Airport Council International (ACI) Director General’s Roll of
Excellence honour in Airport Service Quality.
Key Points
Airport Council International (ACI) is a global body of airport operators which established Roll of
Excellence recognition to airports.
This recognition is awarded to those airports which, in opinion of passengers, consistently delivered
excellent services.
Award will be presented during ACI Customer Experience Global Summit which will be held on
September 9, 2021 in Montreal, Canada.
Why Cochin International Airport won?
Cochin International Airport has consistently delivered excellence in customer service by winning multiple
awards for five years in past 10 years. It is one among six airports across the world that will receive
recognition in 2021.
Service quality programme
ACI’s service quality programmes have been helping airport officials in ensuring international standards in
airport management. Roll of Excellence honour is a gesture from global organisation recognising CIAL’s
commitment to the passengers.
Airports Council International (ACI)
ACI is a global trade representative of world’s airport authorities. It was established in the year 1991. It
represents interests of airport with governments & international organizations, develops standards and
recommended practices for airports. It provides information and training opportunities to raise standards
worldwide. It seeks to provide public a safe, secure, efficient, and environmentally responsible air transport
system. ACI is governed by ACI Governing Board. It is located in Montreal, Canada.
CII-IGBC launches Green High-Speed Rail Rating System
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) in association with the National High-Speed Rail Corporation Ltd
(NHSRCL) has launched world’s first exclusive Green rating system for High-Speed Rail.
About NHSRCL
NHSRCL is a tool to enable new High-Speed Rail (HSR) stations which will apply energy-efficient
concepts during design and construction.
It will reduce measurable adverse environmental impacts.
IGBC’s Green HSR rating system has been launched with the objective of ensuring environmental
sustainability while enhancing commuter experience.
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
IGBC is a green building which uses less water, optimises energy efficiency, generates less waste,
conserves natural resources and provides healthier spaces for occupants as opposed to conventional
building. It is the leading green building movement of India. It was established by Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) in 2001. It is based in CII-Sohrabji Green Business Centre, Hyderabad which is 1st Platinum
rated green building of India. IGBC seeks to enable a ‘Sustainable built environment for all’ by 2025.
Green building council (GBC)
GBC is a national non-profit, non-government organization which is part of global network recognized by
World Green Building Council. It’s goal is to promote transformation of sustainable built environment.
National High-Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL)
NHSRCL was established on February 12, 2016 under Companies Act, 2013 with the objective of financing,
constructing, maintaining and managing High Speed Rail Corridor in India. Company is modelled as ‘Special
Purpose Vehicle’ in joint sector with equity participation by Ministry of Railways and Government of Gujarat
& Government of Maharashtra.
Cabinet approves PMGKY 4.0
Union government has approved PMGKY 4.0 to allocate additional food grain for another period of five
months from July 2021 to November 2021.
Key Points
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana Phase IV will be launched from July 2021 to November 2021.
Under it, free of cost food grains will be given at 5 kg per person per month.
Phase four of the scheme will reach to the 81.35 crore beneficiaries, who are covered under National
Food Security Act (NFSA), Antyodaya Anna Yojana and Priority Households. It will also benefit those
covered under Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
Additional food grain will be sanctioned at the subsidy of Rs.64,031 crore.
Government of India is bearing entire expenditure without any contribution by states or UTs.
Additional expenditure of about Rs 3,234.85 crore will be required to meet transportation & handling
and FPS dealers’ margins. Thus, total estimated expenditure for Government of India will be Rs 67,
266.44 crore.
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY)
PMGKAY was launched under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP) to help poor fight against
Covid-19. It was launched by the Ministry of Finance. Initially the scheme was announced for a three-month
period that is April, May & June 2020. It covered 80 crore ration cardholders. Later, it was extended till
November 2020. The scheme was restarted in April 2021 after second wave of covid-19 pandemic.
Checklist of Colombian Butterflies- Highlights
As per recent study, Colombia is home to world’s largest variety of butterflies. It accounts for 20% of all
known species.
Key points
International team of scientists classified 3,642 species and 2,085 subspecies.
They registered the species in document titled “Checklist of Colombian Butterflies.”
About 200 butterfly species are found in Colombia.
Project researchers travelled widely in Colombia and analysed about 350,000 photographs.
About Colombia
Colombia is a country having great diversity of natural habitats. It is having a complex and heterogeneous
geography. It is located in a privileged location of extreme northeast of South America. It is bounded by
Caribbean Sea, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, and Pacific Ocean. It’s rich cultural heritage is

highly influenced by various Amerindian civilizations, European settlement, forced African labour, and
immigration from Europe & Middle East.
Biodiversity in Colombia
Colombia is one among megadiverse countries. It ranks first in bird species. It has around 40,000 and
45,000 plant species accounting for 10 to 20% of total global species. It is second most biodiverse country
of the world, following Brazil. Country has 10% of world’s mammals species, 14% of amphibian species and
18% of bird species.
Ingenuity undertakes 8th flight on the Mars
NASA’s experimental Mars helicopter called Ingenuity undertook its 8th flight on Red Planet.
Highlights
Most recent flight was made by Ingenuity to Mars was on June 21, 2021.
During the flight, Ingenuity remained aloft for 77.4 seconds.
It flew 525 feet and landed about 440 feet away from Perseverance rover.
Ingenuity was originally designed to fly only five times. But its steady successes made agency to
extend its mission and experiment with more ambitious flights.
What is Ingenuity?
Ingenuity is a small robotic helicopter which is operating on Mars under NASA’s Mars 2020 mission. It
successfully completed first powered controlled flight by an aircraft on a planet besides Earth on April 19,
2021. As of June 22, it has successfully completed eight flights. A solar-charged battery-powered coaxial
drone rotorcraft is serving as a technology and operations demonstration which will help in flying probes on
future missions to Mars. Ingenuity was built by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of NASA. It travelled to
Mars attached to underside of Perseverance rover.
Perseverance rover
It is a car-sized Mars rover, to explore Jezero crater on Mars under NASA’s Mars 2020 mission. It was
manufactured by Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Rover was launched on July 30, 2020 and was landed to Mars
on February 18, 2021. Perseverance has been active on Mars for 122 sols or 125 Earth days since its
landing, as of June 2021.
IIT Madras launches 'Centre for Research on Start-Ups and Risk Financing’
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras has launched a ‘Centre for Research on Start-Ups and Risk
Financing’ (CREST) which will provide academic & thought leadership in innovation, entrepreneurship and
risk capital.
About CREST
CREST will help in creating a data repository on Indian start-ups and ventures.
It will address a hurdle for engaging in high-quality research.
CREST as an information resource will be made accessible for researchers & policymakers which can
result in top-tier publications.
CREST mission would engage in scholarly research encompassing areas of innovation,
entrepreneurship, and risk capital.
This data repository is being developed on innovation, venturing and risk capital which will create
infrastructure to carry high-quality research.
Vision of CREST
CREST mission has been launched with the vision to be globally recognized as leading centre of research in
the fields of creation, development, and financing of innovation, start-ups, and entrepreneurship. It also
seeks to establish a system of cross-country collaborative research which will help in use of unique data
sets on start-ups and venture capital. It will carry evidence synthesis on start-up & innovation ecosystem to

inform policymakers and practitioners.
G20 Education Ministers’ Meeting
G20 education ministers’ meeting was held on recently in which ministers reiterated commitment to ensure
continuity of quality education amid the ongoing covid-19 pandemic.
Key Points
During the meeting, ministers reaffirmed their commitment to eliminate education and workspace
inequalities.
Sanjay Dhotre, minister of state for education, represented India.
He reiterated India’s commitment towards reducing and eventually eliminating educational poverty,
inequalities and early school leaving.
Meeting was hosted by Italy, in which G20 education ministers shared views on ‘how to progress
towards fight against educational poverty and inequalities’ in the midst of Covid 19 pandemic.
Ministers also decided to share innovative experiences with each other in order to ensure continuity
of learning pathways using the blended education model.
Indian Minister reiterated India’s new education policy and several welfare scheme which are running
to bridge education inequalities especially for girls and socially & economically disadvantaged
groups.
He reaffirmed India’s support for “collective efforts of G-20 countries to reduce educational poverty &
inequalities.”
About G20
G20 is an intergovernmental forum of 19 countries and European Union (EU). It addresses major issues
related to global economy like international financial stability, sustainable development and climate change
mitigation. G20 is comprise of most of world’s largest industrialized and developing nations. It accounts for
90 percent of gross world product (GWP), two-thirds of world’s population and half of world’s land area.
Grouping was founded in 1999 to look after world economic crises.
G20 Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting
G20 Labour & Employment Ministers’ Meeting was hosted in blended mode by Italy.
Highlights
During the virtual meeting, G-20 Ministers exchanged their views on transitions from school to work.
Ministry of labour & employment, India was represented by MoS (I/C) Shri Santosh Gangwar along
with minister of state for education, Sanjay Dhotre.
Ministers reiterated to recognize the need to equip youth well for a smooth transition into work space
after they complete their education.
This move is especially important for learners belonging to socially and economically disadvantaged
population groups, who are more at risk of being left behind.
Indian Minister committed to help its youth in developing knowledge, skills and attitudes which are
necessary for 21st century global work space. India’s approach is to integrate vocational education
with general academic education. It also focuses on demand driven, competency based and modular
vocational courses.
India is also enhancing post education apprenticeship opportunities for youth by realigning existing
National Apprenticeship Training Scheme.
India-G20
India has a great importance for collaboration between G20 countries in the areas of vocational education
and training.

G20 countries
G20 grouping invites its members, invited countries, international partner organizations and some groups to
dialogue & build consensus so as to promote public policies which can solve challenges being faced by
humanity. G20 member countries include- Germany, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Australia, Canada, China,
Brazil, France, India, South Korea, United States, Italy, Japan, Indonesia, Mexico, United Kingdom, Russia,
South Africa, Turkey and European Union.
LIC introduces Technology Platform ‘e-PGS’
Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) has launched a centralized web-based workflow-based IT platform called
“e-PGS”.
Why this platform was launched?
LIC launched this platform for its group business operations.
Project e-PGS was inaugurated by M R Kumar, Chairman of LIC, at Central Office, Mumbai.
First digital receipt generated on new IT platform was received by Rakesh Sharma, Managing Director
& Chief Executive Officer of IDBI Bank.
Significance of e-PGS
New technology platform, e-PGS, has been designed to provide a centralized collection and payment
accounting with high level of bank integration.
It will provide collection through host-to-host connectivity. It has been designed to provide very
innovative features of seamless and integrated banking with automatic reconciliations.
This system is capable of providing comprehensive self-servicing capabilities through customer
portal. On this portal, corporate customers will be able to view their data, initiate actionable
processes and lodge & track claims.
It has been designed to cater the expectations of technology intensive corporate customers.
It will provide a high-level integration service with customers’ technology systems to transfer data
and services seamlessly.
Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)
LIC is an Indian government owned insurance and investment corporation. It works under the ownership of
Ministry of Finance. It was established on September 1, 1956 by Life Insurance of India Act.
International Widows Day 2021
International Widows Day is observed on June 23 to bring attention to the voices of widows and highlight
the problems they face.
Background
International Widows Day was established by The Loomba Foundation to raise awareness regarding the
issue of widowhood. It is a United Nations ratified day of action. It addresses “poverty and injustice faced
by millions of widows and their dependents across the countries.
Why it is celebrated on June 23?
June 23 was chosen to mark the day because on this day, Shrimati Pushpa Wati Loomba, mother of Lord
Loomba, became a widow in 1954.
History
First International Widows Day was observed in 2005. It was launched by Lord Loomba and Cherie Blair who
are foundation’s president. Later on, December 21, 2010, the day was formally adopted as International
Widows Day by United Nations. In 2010, it was the sixth edition. After the sixth edition, the events are being
held in other countries like Sri Lanka, United States, UK, Syria, Nepal, India, Kenya, and Bangladesh.
This day provides an opportunity for action to achieve full rights and recognition for widows. It also talks

about providing widows with information regarding the access to fair share of their inheritance, land,
productive resources, social protection, decent work, equal pay, and pensions.
Number of widows
There are about 258 million widows across the world. Out of them, one in ten windows live in extreme
poverty.
WHO: Delta variant may become dominant lineage
World Health Organisation has warned that; Delta variant, which is significantly more transmissible strain of
COVID-19, is expected to become a dominant lineage if current trends continue. Warming came after WHO
reported in 85 countries & continues to be detected at more places worldwide.
Highlights
WHO warned this in its “COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update” which was released on June 22.
According to it, variant Alpha has been reported across 170 countries, variant Beta in 119 countries,
variant Gamma in 71 countries while variant Delta in 85 countries.
Concerns with Delta Variant
Delta variant has been reported in 85 countries worldwide so far and continues to be reported in new
countries. 11 countries reported in past two weeks. Delta variant is significantly more transmissible than
Alpha variant. As a result, it is expected to become a dominant lineage.
New covid cases in India
As per WHO, India reported highest numbers of new COVID-19 cases, in between June 14-20, 2021. Cases
were 30 per cent lesser than past week. Highest numbers of new deaths were reported in India accounting
for 1.2 new deaths per 100,000. Death rate has also decreased by 31 per cent for the same period. South-
East Asia Region reported about 600,000 new cases and 19,000 new deaths highlighting the decreasing
trend. Decreasing trends in weekly case and death in region are associated with decreasing cases in India.
CEOS COAST: ISRO- NOAA Project endorsed by UN Body
Recently, UN body has endorsed a multinational project called “Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
Coastal Observations, Applications, Services, and Tools (CEOS COAST)”.
About CEOS COAST
CEOS COAST programme is co-led by ISRO and NOAA from US.
This programme aims to improve accuracy of coastal data on the basis of satellite and land-based
observations.
It also seeks to foster trust and collaboration among scientists.
This pilot projects are uniquely capable of using Earth Observation technologies to meet 17 UN-
designated sustainable development goals for Ocean Decade initiative.
Themes of these projects are disaster risk reduction & coastal resilience among continental
shorelines & small island nations.
About National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is an American scientific agency working under the
United States Department of Commerce. It focuses on conditions of oceans, major waterways, and
atmosphere. It warns about the dangerous weather, charts seas and guides on use & protection of ocean &
coastal resources. It also conducts research to provide understanding and improve stewardship of
environment.
India to provide CoWIN technology to other countries
India has decided to make CoWIN platform an open source for other countries in order to enable them to
use this technology to run their own vaccination drives.

Which countries to join?
Countries including Vietnam, Iraq, Peru, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Panama, Nigeria, Ukraine, United Arab
Emirates and Uganda have expressed their interest in learning about CoWIN technology to run their
vaccination programmes.
Co-WIN App
Co-WIN is a digital platform that helped in implementation of nationwide COVID-19 vaccination programme
in India. It is also called as Covid Vaccine Intelligence Network. This cloud-based IT platform is supposed to
handle minute details with respect to India’s Covid-19 immunisation programme. It provides for registration
of beneficiaries, allocation of vaccination centres, sending text messages with name of their vaccinator and
live monitoring of vials stored in cold storage.
Who developed the platform?
Co-WIN platform is owned by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Earlier, this platform was used to
conduct Pulse Polio and other crucial immunisation programmes in India. Ministry of Electronics & IT and
National Informatics Centre are backend supporters
India-Bhutan: Tax Inspectors Without Borders Initiative
India and Bhutan have jointly launched the “Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB)” on June 23, 2021.
Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB)
TIWB is a joint initiative of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Organisation for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
TIWB seeks to provide support to the developing countries to help them strengthen national tax
administrations by building audit capacity.
It complements the efforts of international community to strengthen cooperation on tax matters &
contribute to domestic tax mobilisation efforts.
Aim of TIWB
TIWB programme aims to strengthen tax administrations among developing countries by transferring
technical know-how and skills to their tax auditors and by sharing general audit practices & dissemination
of knowledge products with them.
India-Bhutan TIWB
Bhutan launched this programme and choose India as Partner Jurisdiction. India provided the Tax
Expert for this programme.
This programme will run for about 24 months.
Under the programme, India in collaboration with UNDP and TIWB Secretariat aims to provide aid to
Bhutan in order to strengthen its tax administration.
The programme focuses on the area of International Taxation and Transfer Pricing.
India has always supported capacity building in tax matters in developing countries. India being a
global leader plays an important role in South-South Cooperation in tax matters.
Significance of the programme
This programme is another step ahead in continued cooperation between India and Bhutan and India’s
active support for South-South cooperation.
United Nations Public Service Day 2021
United Nations Public Service Day is observed on June 23, to recognise value and virtue of public service to
community.
Key Points
The day emphasizes on the importance of public service in advancement phase.
It recognises work of public servants & encourages young people to undertake careers in public

sector.
Background
United Nations Public Service Day is celebrated on June 23 every year. The day was designated by United
Nations General Assembly’s resolution to “celebrate the value and virtue of public service to community”.
United Nations Public Service Awards
On the occasion, United Nations Economic & Social Council established the United Nations Public Service
Awards in 2003. This award programme was updated in 2016 to accord with 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. This award is bestowed on Public Service Day for contribution made towards enhancing role,
prestige and visibility of public service.
This day also marks anniversary of date when International Labour Organization adopted the Convention on
Labour Relations (Public Service), 1978 (ILO convention no. 151). This Convention determines the working
conditions of all civil servants worldwide.
Theme of the day
This day was observed under the theme “Innovating the Future Public Service: New Government Models for
a New Era to Reach Sustainable Development Goals” in 2021.
June 25, 2021
Kerala's Kaval Plus programme
Department of Women & Child Development in Kerala has decided to expand Kaval Plus programme to five
districts, after the success of this pilot project in two districts of Kerala.
What is Kaval Plus Programme?
It is an ambitious programme to lend holistic support to children in need of care & protection and to
the survivors of sexual abuse.
Project has reached out to about 300 children in Thiruvananthapuram district and 150 children in
Palakkad district.
It will not be implemented in Ernakulam, Idukki, Malappuram, Kozhikode, and Kannur districts.
It covers both children at homes and child care institutes.
Now, vulnerable children in the community outside the purview of child welfare committees (CWCs)
and other agencies would also be included.
Background
This programme was launched in December 2020 in two districts of Kerala, namely Thiruvananthapuram
and Palakkad. This scheme was launched because, 15 homes of Children in Kerala account for about 500
inmates and leave 96% of high-risk children in need of support unprotected in community.
Early identification system
An early identification system will also be launched under the programme using community-level workers
like Asha and Anganwadi workers.
Who implements the project?
This project is being implemented with help and support of NGOs who have experience in working with
children. Two NGOs are selected in each district by a committee of district child protection officer, CWC
representative and protection officer. These NGOs will not work in silos but in association with child
protection agencies.
Warren Buffett exits from the Gates Foundation
Warren Buffett, chairman & chief executive of Berkshire Hathaway, resigned as a trustee of Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation.

Who is Warren Buffett?
Buffett had been a big contributor to the Gates Foundation. He is an American business magnate, investor,
and philanthropist. He currently holds the position of chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. He is one
of the most successful investors in worldwide with a net worth of over $100.6 billion. He is the world’s
seventh-wealthiest person. He created Buffett Partnership Ltd in 1956.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
BMGF is a merging of William H. Gates Foundation and Gates Learning Foundation. It is an American private
foundation which was founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000. Foundation is reported to
be second largest charitable foundation across the world as of 2020. It holds about $49.8 billion in assets.
Primary goals of foundation are to enhance healthcare & reduce extreme poverty worldwide and to expand
educational opportunities & access to information technology. Key individuals of foundation are Bill Gates,
Melinda Gates, Warren Buffett (who resigned now), Chief Executive Officer Mark Suzman and Michael
Larson.
World Bank sanctions funds for Andhra's SALT programme
According to Education Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Adimulapu Suresh, International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) has sanctioned funds of Rs 1,860 crore to implementation of SALT
programme.
What is SALT Programme?
SALT programme stands for “Supporting Andhra’s Learning Transformation” programme. This programme
was launched with the aim of improving learning outcomes, quality of teaching practices and school
management in basic education. This aim would be achieved by transforming government schools into
vibrant and competitive institutions.
Focus areas of SALT Programme
Apart from improvement in basic education etc, the programme focuses on reforming curriculum, improving
classroom practices, professional development of teachers and preparing students to be fit for global
competitive by introducing English as medium of instruction across State-run educational institutions.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
IBRD is an international financial institution. It was established in 1944. It is headquartered in Washington
D.C., United States. It is the lending arm of World Bank Group. It offers loans to middle-income developing
countries. It is the first of five member institutions that forms World Bank Group. IBRD and International
Development Association (IDA), are collectively known as World Bank because they share same leadership
and staff.
S&P Cuts India's Growth Forecast to 9.5%
Global rating agency, S&P, has cut India’s growth forecast for fiscal year 2021-2022 to 9.5 per cent. Earlier,
it was kept at 11 per cent.
Highlights
Rating agency has warned of risk to the growth rate from upcoming waves of COVID-19 pandemic.
S&P lowered growth projecting because lockdown, induced as a result of severe second COVID-19
outbreak in April and May, led to sharp contraction in economic activity.
According to S&P, permanent damage to private and public sector balance sheets will constrain
growth for some years.
It has projected India’s growth at 7.8 per cent for fiscal year 2022-2023.
Indian economy contracted by 7.3 per cent in 2020-21 amid first wave of COVID-19, as against 4 per
cent growth in 2019-20.
S&P highlights, households are running down saving buffers to support consumption. After economy

will open, desire to rebuild saving will hold back spending.
Further Risks
Further covid-19 pandemic waves are a risk for the growth as only about 15 per cent of the India’s
population has received one vaccine dose so far.
GDP growth projection by other agencies
GDP growth in fiscal year 2021-2022 was estimated to be in double digits earlier. But a severe second wave
of pandemic has made various agencies to cut growth projections. RBI has reduced India’s growth forecast
to 9.5 per cent for 2021-2022 from earlier estimate of 10.5 per cent. Moody’s has projected India’s growth
to 9.3 per cent for 2021-22. World Bank had also reduced GDP growth forecast to 8.3 per cent from 10.1 %
for same period.
Twitter- Razorpay tie up for Tip Jar feature
Social media platform, Twitter, has partnered with first payments operator, Razorpay for its Tip Jar feature.
Highlights
Twitter is in process of adding new monetization features. It was first announced in February, 2021.
It opened access to Ticketed Spaces and Super Follows. These two monetisation features which will
only be able in US currently.
Ticketed Spaces will allow creators to charge for Twitter’s live audio rooms while Super Follows
feature will allow users to charge for special access to content.
What is Tip Jar feature?
Tip Jar Feature allows Twitter users to pay creators for content. Twitter announced the tie-up with Razorpay
on June 24, 2021. This Tip Jar feature is currently available to “select users”.
How this feature will help users?
Integration of Razorpay with Twitter will allow Twitter users to pay creators using credit & debit cards, along
with UPI, net-banking & payment wallets in India.
Who can avail this feature?
In the initial phases, only limited group will be able to avail option to add Tip Jar to their profile. This group
includes creators, journalists, experts, public figures, and community leaders.
Significance of the feature
It is the first among several ways for creators to monetise their content and earn money from their
supporters. Everyone can send tips to applicable accounts on Twitter via third-party payment service
RIL launches New Clean Energy Business
Reliance Industry has announced to launch a new clean energy factory to make solar photovoltaic cells for
next three years.
New Clean Energy Business
Mukesh Ambani will launch a Rs 75,000 crore investment project.
It will be launched to set up four ‘Giga’ factories in order to make solar photovoltaic cells, green
hydrogen, batteries and fuel cells for next three years.
It will set up 100 GW of solar power generating capacity.
These capacities will be set up through rooftop installations and de-centralised operations across
villages.
Reliance will set up solar manufacturing units, a battery factory to store energy, a fuel cell-making
factory and an electrolyser unit which will produce green hydrogen under the business.
This new business will be set up with the aim of bridging green energy divide in India as well as in
world.

Purpose of four Giga Factories
Reliance will set up four Giga Factories under “Dhirubhai Ambani Green Energy Giga Complex” to
manufacture and integrate all critical components of new energy ecosystem, energy storage battery factory,
solar photovoltaic module factory, electrolyser factory and fuel cell factory. These four factories will be set
at an investment of Rs 60,000 crore. Reliance will also build solar capacities of 100 GW by 2030.
PM Modi asks to focus on 'toyconomy'
Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, interacted with participants of Toycathon-2021 through video conferencing.
Key Points
Union Ministers Piyush Goyal and Sanjay Dhotre were also present in conference.
Participants also discussed their games with PM Modi where, PM suggested more ideas to
developers to include it in their games.
What is Toyconomy?
During the meeting, PM Modi highlighted the importance of toys and game industry in Indian Economy. Toy
and Game Industry was termed as ‘Toyconomy’ by him. As per PM Modi, global toy market is about 100
billion dollars out of which India contributes only 1.5 billion dollars. India imports 80% of its toys from
foreign countries. Thus, PM highlighted the capacity of this sector in bringing progress & growth to neediest
segments of society.
Online gaming in India
PM Modi also asked to explore possibilities across virtual, digital & online gaming in India because cheap
data & growth of Internet have led to rural connectivity. He asked to bring about new models of innovation
and financing to make Indian toys competitive across the world.
Games on India’s freedom struggle
75th anniversary of India’s Independence will bring huge opportunity for innovators and creators of toy
industry. Many incidents, stories of our freedom fighters and their leadership can be used in gaming
concepts. Innovators can play a big role in connecting ‘folk with the future’. PM Modi underlined the need of
creating interesting & interactive games which can ‘engage, entertain and educate’.
China to run First Electric Train in Tibet
China will operationalise first electric train in remote Himalayan region of Tibet. The electric train will
connect provincial capital Lhasa with Nyingchi.
Highlights
The 435.5-km Lhasa-Nyingchi section of Sichuan-Tibet Railway will be inaugurated ahead of
centenary celebrations of ruling Communist Party of China (CPC) on July 1.
Nyingchi is a strategically located Tibetan border town close to Arunachal Pradesh.
Electricity transmission process has been completed and tested.
Sichuan-Tibet Railway
Sichuan–Tibet railway is a high-elevation railway under construction. It will connect Chengdu (capital of
Sichuan) and Lhasa (capital of Tibet Autonomous Region). It is a 1,629 km long line which is going to cut
travel time from Chengdu to Lhasa to 13 hours from 48. This will be the second railway into Tibet after
Qinghai-Tibet Railway. It will go through southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is one among world’s
most geologically active areas.
Three segments of railway
First segment of the railway called Chengdu–Ya’an, came into operation on December 28, 2018. Second
segment of railway named Nyingchi–Lhasa, will open June 25, 2021. While final segment called
Ya’an–Nyingchi, is expected to complete in 2030.

Why this project was launched?
China claims Arunachal Pradesh as part of South Tibet. This claim is rejected by India. Thus, China has
launched the project to establish its foot near the region.
NSDC-WhatsApp launched Digital Skill Champions Programme
National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and WhatsApp has launched its Digital Skill Champions
Programme on June 24, 2021.
Highlights
Under the programme, partnership of NSDC and WhatsApp have identified following areas of collaboration:
1. WhatsApp Digital Skills Academy, and
2. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra (PMKK) and
3. WhatsApp Business App Training sessions.
Digital Skill Champion Programme
This programme was launched with the aim of training Indian youth on digital skills in order to make
them employment ready.
Under this programme, school & university students would be coached to consume digital and online
skills. These skills would culminate with ‘Digital Skill Champions’ certification by WhatsApp and
NSDC.
Course under the programme is based on module-format. It is comprehensive and intensive in
imparting knowledge regarding important aspects of online ecosystem.
It will also equip students with technology-based learning on campuses across tier III and IV towns
and cities.
It will be imparted through WhatsApp’s project implementation partner, InfiSpark.
WhatsApp Digital Skills Academy
In this academy, youth from tier III and IV cities will be trained on digital safety and online privacy. Initiative
will be launched on a pilot basis across 50 campuses in five states- Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Study: Nano-decoys from human LSCs can neutralize SARS-CoV-2
A recent study finds that, Nano-decoys can bind to and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
Key Points
Nano-decoys are made from human lung spheroid cells (LSCs).
It promotes viral clearance and reduce lung injury in macaque model of COVID-19.
Nano-decoy therapy could be effective against emerging variants of coronavirus by mimicking the
receptor that coronavirus binds to rather than targeting it.
How this therapy will work?
SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell when its spike protein binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
receptor on cell’s surface. LSCs, which is a natural mixture of lung epithelial stem cells and mesenchymal
cells, also express ACE2. It making LSCs a perfect vehicle for tricking coronavirus.
How testing was done?
Scientists confirmed that spike protein did bind to ACE2 receptors on decoys in vitro. They then used a
fabricated SARS-CoV-2 mimic virus for in vivo testing in mouse model. Decoys were delivered by inhalation
therapy. In mice, Nano-decoys remained in lungs for 72 hours after first dose and accelerated clearance of
mimic virus.
What are Nano-decoys?
Nano-decoys are cell ghosts. One LSC can generate about 11,000 Nano-decoys. When these Nano-decoys
are deployed, they exponentially increase surface area of fake binding sites to trap the virus.

Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project
Central government, state government of Mizoram and the World Bank signed a loan agreement of worth
$32 million.
Key points
Loan agreement was signed for Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project.
It will improve management capacity and quality of health services in Mizoram.
Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project
This project will strengthen governance and management structure of Department of Health & Family
Welfare (DoHFW) and its subsidiaries. It will also improve quality & coverage of services delivered by state
government health systems. Project would also invest in comprehensive Quality Assurance program, which
would enable quality certification of health facilities.
Focus of the project
This project will be launched with the focus on
1. Strengthening the effectiveness of state health insurance programme
2. Building synergies with Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY); and
3. Reducing financial barriers in accessing hospital services
4. Preventing catastrophic out of pocket expenditure for health by poor families and
5. Expanding coverage.
Who will benefit?
Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project will benefit people across eight districts of the state. It will
also benefit health sector staff at secondary and primary level by strengthening their planning &
management capacity and building their clinical skills & competencies.
Bio-medical waste management
Project will also invest in improving overall ecosystem for solid & liquid bio-medical waste management. It
will include segregation, disinfection, and collection besides safeguarding environment. It will also improve
quality of health service and patient safety.
West Bengal approves Student Credit Card scheme
West Bengal Cabinet approved the “Student Credit Card scheme” on June 24, 2021. Trinamool Congress
had promised to launch this scheme in its election manifesto.
Students Credit Card Scheme
This scheme will be implemented and launched on June 30, 2021. Under the scheme, student can get a soft
loan of up to ₹10 lakh with the help of credit card to enroll into higher studies. Loans will be given for higher
studies in India as well as abroad. Loans will be given at 4% interest rates. State government would act as
guarantor.
Who can get the loan?
Anyone who has spent 10 years in West Bengal can avail loan benefits under the scheme. Loan will be
available for undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and post-doctoral study. One person is eligible to get
loans under scheme till 40 years of age.
How loans can be repaid?
Students will be provided Fifteen years to repay the loan after they get a job.
Background
Similar scheme is run by Bihar government. Bihar government has launched “Student Credit Card Scheme”
on October 2, 2016. Under this scheme, interest free loan of up to 4 lakh rupees is provided by state
government to the poor 12th pass students of Bihar state to enroll into higher education. It was launched to
benefit the students of Bihar with poor background and who are eager to complete their higher education.

Loans are provided only to those students who are permanent resident of Bihar.
UN World Drug Report 2021
World Drug Report 2021 was released by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). As per the
report, 275 million people used drugs across the world in 2020.
As per the report, 36 million people suffered from drug use disorders.
In last 24 years, cannabis potency had increased by four times in some parts of the globe.
Percentage of adolescents who perceived drug as harmful has reduced by 40 per cent.
Despite that, cannabis use is associated with a variety of health and other harms, particularly among
regular long-term users.
Drug Report highlight the need to close gap between perception and reality to educate young people
about harmful effects of drugs and safeguard public health.
Percentage of Δ9-THC, main psychoactive component in cannabis, has increased from six per cent to
11 per cent in Europe between 2002-2019.
Drugs and COVID-19
Most countries have reported an increase in use of cannabis during covid-19 pandemic. As per surveys of
health professionals in 77 countries, 42 per cent asserted that cannabis use had increased.
Which age group is vulnerable?
As per the latest report, about 5.5 percent of population aged 15 and 64 years have used drugs at least once
in 2020. While, 36.3 million people (13% of total number of persons who use drugs) suffered with drug use
disorders.
FM addressed USISPF-Global Investors Meet
Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, addressed the Global Investors Roundtable organised by US-India
Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) on June 24, 2021.
Highlights
While addressing the investor’s meet she asserted that; continuous reforms make India a great place
to do business.
She also invited global investors to take advantage of recent FDI reforms, privatisation policy and
performance linked incentive (PLI) scheme in India.
She further highlighted, fiscal situation is under control and is expected to improve in coming days
and emphasised the strong fundamental of economy.
According to her, COVID-19 and its aftermath has shown Indian economy’s resilience. Highest ever
Goods and Services Tax (GST) were collected amid the pandemic. It signifies the bright spot and
indicates greater formalisation of economy and tax compliance.
Fiscal Deficit in India
Fiscal deficit was at 9.3 per cent of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) for fiscal year 2020-2021. It was
lower than 9.5 per cent estimated by finance ministry in revised Budget estimates.
US-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF)
USISPF is a non-profit organization which was set up in 2017 with the objective of strengthening USA-India
bilateral and strategic partnership. It aims to strengthen economic and commercial ties between both the
countries by policy advocacy. It will lead to boosting economic growth, entrepreneurship, employment-
generation, and innovation in order to establish a more inclusive society.
China plans First Manned MARS Mission in 2033
China has planned to send its first crewed mission to MARS in the year 2033.

Key points
Manned MARS Mission will be launched with regular follow-up flights.
Mission will be launched with a long-term plan to build a permanently inhabited base on MARS and
extract its resources.
This ambitious plan will intensify a race with United States to put humans on MARS.
Plan was disclosed after China landed a robotic rover on Mars in May 2021. It was China’s inaugural
MARS mission.
Manned Mission by China
China has planned manned launches to Mars for 2033, 2035, 2037, 2041 and so on. Before the manned
missions, China will send robots to Mars that will study possible sites to set up base and to build systems
to extract resources there. Resources would be extracted to study it properly for manned mission.
What are the challenges ahead?
For human habitation on the planet, crews will have to be able to use resources from MARS. For instance,
they should be ready for extracting any water beneath planet’s surface, generating oxygen on-site and
producing electricity there. China must also develop technology to fly crew back to Earth.
How spacecraft will tap energy?
To reduce travel time to MARS, spacecraft would have to tap energy from nuclear reactions in the form of
heat and electricity, besides from traditional chemical propellants.
June 26, 2021
Denmark signs ‘ISA FA’
Denmark has signed the International Solar Alliance Framework Agreement (ISA FA) and Instrument of
Ratification with India.
Key Points
Denmark has become the first country to ratify International Solar Alliance Framework Agreement (ISA FA)
after amendments in the ISA FA entered into force on January 8, 2021.
International Solar Alliance (ISA)
ISA is an alliance of 121 countries. It was initiated by India. Most of member countries are sunshine
countries located completely or partly between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. It is a treaty-based
intergovernmental organization. ISA is the largest grouping of states, after United Nations.
Objective of ISA
ISA was established with the objective of working for efficient consumption of solar energy in a bid to
reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Background
ISA initiative was first proposed by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his speech in November 2015 at
Wembley Stadium. During his speech, he referred the sunshine countries as Suryaputra.
Who can join ISA?
ISA is primarily an alliance of countries lying between Tropics. However, countries which do not fall within
the Tropics can join alliance and enjoy all benefits as other members, except the voting rights.
ISA Framework agreement (ISA FA)
ISA FA was opened for signatures in Marrakech, Morocco in November 2016. It was joined by 200 countries.
6 years of Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT and PMAY-U

Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) organised an online event on June 25, 2021 to
commemorate 6 years of launch of three Urban Missions namely Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT and Pradhan
Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban.
Key points
These schemes were launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 25 in 2015.
These schemes were part of visionary agenda for urban rejuvenation and designed as part of multi-
layer strategy in order to meet aspirations of 40 percent of India’s population living across cities.
June 25 also marks 45 years of establishment of National Institute of Urban Affairs. It is an
autonomous body of MoHUA which focuses on bridging the gap between research and practice on
issues with urbanization.
How successful these missions are?
Projects implemented under these three Missions is now bringing about perceptible change in lives of
India’s urban residents.
These missions have led to development of urban infrastructure viz., better water supply, sanitation
and housing for all. It has also pioneered the use of data, technology and innovation in planning and
managing Indian cities.
Missions also played an important role during COVID-19 pandemic.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U)
PMAY-U, under the aegis of ‘Housing for All’, cater to urban housing shortage among EWS/LIG and MIG
categories including slum dwellers and seeks to provide them a ‘pucca’ house by 2022. About 1.12 crore
houses have been sanctioned under it out of which 82.5 lakh houses have been grounded and 48 lakh have
been completed.
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation & Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
AMRUT mission was launched to tackle the issues of Water Supply, Storm Water Drainage to reduce
flooding, Sewerage and septage management, Non-motorized Urban Transport and creating green space or
parks across 500 cities with population of more than 1 lakh.
Smart Cities Mission
It is a transformational Mission launched with the aim of bringing a paradigm shift in practice of urban
development. Projects developed under it are multi-sectoral and mirror aspirations of local population. 69
Smart cities have developed and operationalised their Integrated Command & Control Centres (ICCCs) as of
now. These operational ICCCs functioned as war-rooms for COVID management.
NITI Aayog: National Convention on Prevention of Obesity
National Convention on Prevention of Maternal, Adolescent and Childhood Obesity was convened by NITI
Aayog.
Highlights
Convention was held under the chairmanship of Dr. V.K. Paul and Co-chairmanship of Dr. R
Hemalatha.
NITI Aayog described obesity as “silent epidemic”.
During the convention & national consultation, global experts, representatives from UN bodies &
central ministries presented their evidence on increasing prevalence of obesity and presented best
practices of reducing obesity.
Secretaries of Ministry of AYUSH and Department of Youth Affairs also made suggestions on
promoting healthy behaviour.
All of them expressed need to address the issue of obesity on a priority basis, with emphasis on
better mass communication.
In conclusion, Dr. V.K Paul called for a multi-sectoral approach to target adolescents in a bid to
promote activity and healthy lifestyle.

Obesity in India
A survey by Indian Council of Indian Research and National Institute of Nutrition highlights that, adults in
urban India consume more fat than those in rural areas. According to ‘What India Eats’ Survey, adults in
urban centres of India consumed 51.6 grammes fat per day per head on an average. This volume was 36
grammes in rural areas. 84 percent of the rural received their energy requirement for per day from total fats
or oils or added fats. Southern India reported lowest per capita consumption of added fat or oils with 22.9-
gram intake per day.
India's First IAC to be commissioned in 2022
According to Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, India’s first Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC) named ‘INS
Vikrant’ (meaning courageous) will be commissioned in 2022.
Key Points
Defence Minister described this achievement as India’s pride and a shining example of Atmanirbhar
Bharat.
Commissioning of IAC will be befitting tribute to India’s 75th year of India’s independence.
About INS Vikrant
INS Vikrant is also called as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 (IAC-1). This aircraft carrier is being constructed
by Cochin Shipyard in Kochi, Kerala for Indian Navy. It will be the first aircraft carrier to be built in India.
Motto of the IAC is Jayema Sam Yudhi Sprdhah. It is taken from Rigveda 1.8.3.
Background
Work on Vikrant’s design started in 1999. Its foundation was laid in February 2009. It was floated out of its
dry dock in December 2011 and was launched in August 2013. Basin trials of the ships were completed in
December 2020. It will undergo sea trials by end of 2022 and is expected to enter into service by end of
2022.
Project Seabird
Defence minister conducted aerial survey of several ongoing projects which are being carried out at INS
Kadamba under Navy’s “Project Seabird”. He received on-site briefings, capability demonstration at shiplift
tower and undertook a tour of naval harbour.
RBI: New Dividend Payout norms for NBFCs
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to prescribe guidelines on distribution of dividend by NBFCs in
order to induce a greater transparency and uniformity in practice.
Highlights
Guidelines will be effective for the declaration of dividend from profit for financial year 2021-2022
and onwards.
Board of directors will consider the proposals for dividend.
They will take into account the supervisory findings of Reserve Bank (National Housing Bank for
HFCs) on divergence in classification and provisioning of non-performing assets (NPAs).
Board will also ensure that total dividend proposed for financial year does not exceed ceilings as
specified in these guidelines.
As per circular, RBI will not entertain any request for ad-hoc dispensation on declaration of dividend.
How can NBFCs comply with guidelines?
As per guidelines, NBFCs will need to comply with minimum prudential requirements to be eligible to
announce dividend.
One of the eligibility criteria is, net NPA ratio should be less than 6% in each of last three years as
well as at the close of financial year for which dividend is being proposed.
For NBFCs, that do not accept public funds & do not have any customer interface, no specific ceilings

on dividend payout have been set.
Maximum dividend payout ratio for core investment companies has been set at 60%, standalone
primary dealers at 60% and for other NBFCs at 50%.
BIS: India's bank credit-to-GDP ratio grows 56% in 2020
As per the latest data from Bank for International Settlements (BIS), incremental credit growth has
decreased to 59-year low at 5.56% in Financial Year 2021.
Key points
As per data, bank credit-to-GDP ratio has increased to a five-year high at about 56% in 2020.
However, this increase is way behind its peers and is half of the G20 average.
Total outstanding bank credit was at $1.52 trillion in 2020 at the credit-to-GDP ratio of 56%. However,
this was the second lowest among all other Asian countries.
In case of emerging market peers’ credit-to-GDP ratio is 135.5% while it is at 88.7% in advanced
economies.
Massive credit-driven stimulus which government pushed to help tide over impact of covid-19
pandemic in 2020, incremental credit growth increased by only 5.56%. It was the lowest recorded
growth. In 1962, the growth rate was at 5.38%.
Bank Credit Growth
As per analysts, bank credit growth is the key indicator of economic growth. Credit-GDP ratio of 100% is the
ideal, indicating robust demand for credit without fear of bubble in making. High credit-to-GDP ratio
indicates aggressive & active participation of banking sector in real economy. Lower credit-to-GDP ratio
indicates the need for more formal credit.
BRICS member
Credit-GDP ratio for other four BRICS members is as follows- Brazil-50.8%, Russia-88.12%, China-161.75%
and South Africa-40.1%.
Kerala sets up Committee for Safety of Fishers
Kerala’s Fisheries Department has constituted a seven-member committee to study and submit report on
methods to resolve issues related to safety at sea.
About the committee
Committee is headed by P. Sahadevan who was former additional director of fisheries.
Committee will study and submit report on methods to resolve issues related to safety at sea, coastal
security and vessel monitoring systems (VMS).
It will also look after illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing.
Committee will also analyse the ”latest trends and internationally available options”.
Why committee was constituted?
Kerala’s Fisheries department decided to constitute the committee as long-term solution because of
increasing instances of fishing-related accidents at sea, especially during monsoons; problems related to
coastal security and illegal & unregulated fishing.
Who are the members of committee?
Committee comprises of Superintendent of Police (Marine Enforcement); Joint executive director of Agency
for Development of Aquaculture (ADAK); Joint director & assistant directors (projects) of Fisheries
Department and Registrar of Kerala University of Fisheries & Ocean Studies (KUFOS).
What are the concerns?
Currently, only fishing boats owned by entrepreneurs have been equipped with electronic safety aids. As a
result, fishermen going astray across the ocean are pulled away by strong currents. They end up landing in
neighbouring coastal countries like Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Further, porous coastline poses a

threat on national security. So, an effective vessel monitoring and surveillance system in Kerala is need of
the hour to resolve these issues.
Japan to help India build Vaccine Cold Chain Facilities
Japan is all set to provide India a $10 million assistance for building cold chain facilities to safely store
covid-19 vaccines.
Key Points
Japan will provide this assistance to India to build cold chain equipment including medical equipment
like cold-storage facilities.
Cold storage facilities will be built as ‘Last One Mile Support’.
These facilities will ensure vaccination in each country, through United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF).
Japan and COVAX Facility
To contain covid-19, common challenges that countries are facing include- ensuring equitable access to
vaccines and accelerating vaccination. To do away this challenge Japan has led operationalization of
COVAX facility as an international mechanism to procure vaccines.
USA’s contribution in India’s covid fight
US announced to donate more than 70 million doses of vaccines, from a stockpile, to countries including
India where cases of covid-19 had seen a surge. However, it is not yet clear which vaccines India will get
from US which has stockpiled doses of AstraZeneca, Moderna, Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson vaccines.
Why cold chain facilities are required for vaccine?
Vaccines are required to continuously stored in a limited temperature range; from the time they are
manufactured until the vaccination. It is because too high or too low temperatures can cause the vaccine to
lose its potency, which cannot be regained or restored. Among the available covid-19 vaccines, stringent
storage conditions are required for Pfizer & Biotech’s COVID-19 vaccine while, Moderna COVID-19 vaccine
requires temperatures of -20°C at which it can remain stable for up to six months
IIT Delhi develops Rapid Antigen Test Kit for COVID-19
Minister of State for Education, Shri Sanjay Dhotre, launched a Rapid Antigen Test kit for COVID-19. It was
developed by IIT Delhi.
Rapid Antigen Test kit (RAT Kit)
RAT kit has been developed by IIT Delhi researchers led by Dr. Harpal Singh. He is a professor at Centre for
Biomedical Engineering of IIT Delhi. kit has been developed entirely using internal resources at IIT Delhi. It
has been named as SENSIT Rapid COVID-19 Ag Testing Kit. It exhibits 86% Sensitivity & 100% Specificity.
Salient features of RAT kit
kit is used for in vitro qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen.
It is a colloidal gold enhanced double antibody which is sandwich immunoassay to perform
qualitative determination of coronavirus antigen in human nasal swabs, throat swabs and deep
sputum sample.
This kit is suitable for general population screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.
This invention by IIT Delhi is directed towards an in vitro diagnostic kit for detection of SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus antigens in nasopharyngeal swab.
It uses rapid immunochromatographic method.
Virus is identified on the basis of monoclonal antibodies which is specific for Coronavirus antigen.
Results obtained are qualitative based which can be inferred visually with naked eye.
Serbia grants market access for Indian Horticulture Products
Serbia market has opened its market for Indian potatoes, onions, pomegranate, and pomegranate arils.

Key Points
As per Agriculture and Processed Food Export Development Authority
(APEDA), phytosanitary certificate is not required to export pomegranate fruits & arils and onion bulbs
growing in India.
However, this certificate is required for export of potatoes.
Potato consignments needs to be met with specific phytosanitary requirements and it should be
mentioned on phytosanitary certificate as additional declaration.
What is Phytosanitary certificate?
It is an important official declaration which is required for export and import of plants and plant material.
This certificate shows that, consignment is free from pests & diseases. This certification is provided
to prevent spread of pests & diseases to countries importing the consignment. It also prevents introduction
of new pests and diseases.
How this certification is provided?
Each country has their own requirements for this certificate. Certification is done under the guidelines given
by National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) or authorities equivalent to it. Parameters of this
certificate are in accordance with the guidelines issued by World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement. It is
an important component of final Act of General Agreement of Tariff and Trade GATT 1994.
New human species discovered in Israel
An international group of archaeologists have discovered new human species in Israel which is being
considered as a missing piece in the history of human evolution.
Key Points
Excavations were done at Israeli site of Nesher Ramla.
Archaeologists have recovered a skull which might represent a late-surviving example of a distinct
Homo population.
It is expected that, they lived about 420,000 to 120,000 years ago.
What was discovered?
Archaeologists discovered pieces of skull, including a right parietal (towards the back/side of the
skull).
They also discovered a mandible (jaw) which dates back to 140,000–120,000 years old. Analysis
finds that, this jaw belonged to person who were neither fully Homo sapiens nor were Neanderthal.
They found a parietal bone featured “archaic” traits that are different from both early and recent
Homo sapiens.
Bone is considerably thicker than those found in Neanderthals and other homo sapiens.
Jaw and bones together display archaic features as well as Neanderthal features, which are distinct
from early homo sapiens and later Neanderthals.
Lady of Tabun
As per researchers, fossils like famous Lady of Tabun, found at other Israeli sites might be part of this
newly excavated human population. “Lady of Tabun” was discovered in 1932 by pioneering archaeologist
Yusra.
Traces of fire
Bones of animals caught, butchered, and eaten on-site were also excavated. It indicates Nesher Ramla
Homo hunted species like gazelle, tortoise, aurochs, boar and ostrich. Also, they were using fire to cook
their meals. It is evident through excavation of a campfire feature of same age as the fossils.
International Day of the Seafarer 2021
International Day of Seafarer is observed every year on June 25. This day is marked to appreciate the efforts

of seafarer in boosting global economics and commerce.
Significance of Seafarer
Seafarers play an important role in boosting global economics and commerce. Several industries rely on
sea routes and ships to transport their good to get the business. Therefore, seafarers are extremely
imperative in facilitating these things.
Background
This day was first celebrated in 2011 by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The day was
designated by organization which is a United Nations agency focussed on shipping. It was designated by a
resolution adopted by “Conference of Parties to International Convention on Standards of Training,
Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW)”. This conference was held in 1978 in Philippines.
This day is significant for economy and commerce. On this day, governments of different countries and
shipping corporations etc are invited to celebrate and promote awareness regarding the day. On the
occasion, awareness is raised about the role that sailors play in facilitating business and boosting
commerce worldwide. IMO also discusses rights of the sailor at foreign posts. Private shipping companies
are also asked to provide sailor adequate facilities.
Theme of day for 2021
This year, international day of seafarers was observed under the theme- “Seafarers: at the core of shipping’s
future”.
Smart City Awards, 2020
Smart City Awards 2020 was announced under the ‘Smart Cities Mission’ on June 25.
Which state is the winner?
Uttar Pradesh was ranked as top performing state under India Smart Cities Award Contest 2020.
Madhya Pradesh came second while Tamil Nadu at third position.
Surat and Indore won best award for their overall performance in 2020.
Best union territory award was conferred to Chandigarh.
Background
These awards were announced to mark six years of three urban transformative missions by Central
government namely, Smart Cities Mission, Atal Mission for Urban Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
(AMRUT) and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban.
Theme for awards
These awards were given under the themes of Social Aspects, Governance, Urban Environment, Sanitation,
Culture, Economy, Water, Built Environment and Urban Mobility. Some other interesting themes were added
this year namely, Sustainable Business model of ICCC and Innovation award specially in COVID
Management.
Category Wise winner
Under this theme, Tirupati won award for Health Benchmark for Municipal Schools while Bhubaneswar won
for Socially Smart Bhubaneswar. Tumakuru won award for Digital Library Solution. In governance category,
Vadodara received the first rank. In urban environment category, joint winners are Bhopal and Chennai.
Smart Cities Leadership Award was conferred on Ahmedabad, Varanasi and Ranchi.
DRDO successfully test fires enhanced Pinaka Rockets
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully test fired an extended range
version of “Pinaka” rocket. Test fire was carried at Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha on
June 25.

Highlights
DRDO test-fired 25 Enhanced Pinaka Rockets in quick succession against targets at different ranges.
This 122 mm Caliber rockets were launched with the help of Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL).
To check accuracy of rockets hitting the target, all flight articles were tracked by various Range
instruments.
About Enhanced Pinaka Rocket System
The enhanced range version of Pinaka Rocket System has been developed by Pune based Armament
Research and Development Establishment (ARDE) in association with High Energy Materials Research
Laboratory (HEMRL). They got manufacturing support from Economic Explosives Limited, Nagpur.
Enhanced Systems can destroy targets kept at distances up to 45 kilometres. These systems were
developed to achieve longer range performance.
About Pinaka
It is an indigenous multi-barrel rocket launch system. It was developed by Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) for Indian Army. Its weapon system comprises of state-of-the-art
guidance kit which is bolstered by advanced navigation and control system. Navigation system of this
missile is aided by Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). Initial version of weapon system
was called Mark I, which had the range of 40 km. This range was increased up to 70 to 80 kms in upgraded
missile called Pinaka Mark II.
Itat e-dwar: e-filing portal of IT Appellate Tribunal
Union Minister for Law & Justice, Communications and Electronics & IT, Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad, launched
a e-filing portal of Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) called ‘itat e-dwar’ on June 25, 2021.
Highlights
While launching the portal, Minister highlighted the power of Digital India.
According to him, Digital India means empowering ordinary Indian with power of technology in order
to bridge the digital divide between digital haves and digital have nots.
As per the minister, data of more than 18 crore cases are available in National Judicial Data Grid
(NJDG). He suggested to integrate cases of ITAT with NJDG.
About itat e-dwar’
Itat e-dwar is a larger narrative of transformation that India is undergoing through digital medium. It will
enable innovation & empowerment and open new avenues for growth. This e-filing portal will enhance
accessibility, accountability and transparency in working of ITAT. It will result into economization of use of
paper, savings in costs and rationalization of fixation of cases which in turn help in quicker disposal of
cases. It would help parties to file their Appeals, Miscellaneous Applications, documents, etc electronically.
June 28, 2021
Goa: First Rabies-free state
Goa has become the first Rabies-free state of India. According to Chief Minister, Pramod Sawant, state has
not reported a single rabies case in last three years.
Highlights
Chief Minister highlighted; Goa has achieved 5,40,593 vaccinations against rabies in dogs.
State has also educated nearly a lakh people about dog bite prevention and has set up 24-hours
rabies surveillance which comprise of an emergency hotline and rapid response team for dog bite
victims.
Task of controlling rabies was being carried out by Mission Rabies project which is a central
government grant.

Mission Rabies
It is a charity, initially founded as an initiative by Worldwide Veterinary Service (WVS). It is a United
Kingdom-based charity group which assists animals. Mission Rabies works with ‘One Health approach’
which is driven by research to eliminate dog bite transmitted rabies disease. It was launched in September
2013 with the objective of vaccinating 50,000 dogs against rabies in India. Rabies has estimated to kill
59,000 people annually. Mission Rabies teams have vaccinated 968,287 dogs since 2013. Organisation has
worked in the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Goa,
Jharkhand, Rajasthan, and Assam.
About Rabies
As per WHO, Rabies is a vaccine-preventable viral disease that occurs in about 150 countries and territories.
Dogs act as the source of majority of human rabies deaths. Dogs are responsible for contributing up to 99%
of rabies transmissions to humans. In Asia and Africa regions, low awareness regarding the need of health
care after dog bite takes lives of about 55000 people per year. India is endemic for rabies with the burden of
36% of world’s deaths. 30-60% of reported rabies cases and deaths in India occur in children aged under 15
years because bite often go unrecognized and unreported.
New Definition of Small and medium companies (SMC)
Ministry of corporate affairs (MCA) has expanded the definition of small and medium sized companies
(SMCs).
Highlights
As per expanded definition, Small & Medium Companies is an unlisted company, a bank, an insurance
or a financial institution with sales up to Rs 250 crore and borrowings up to Rs 50 crore.
Earlier limit for sales was Rs 50 crore and for borrowings was Rs 10 crore.
Now, SMCs are permitted to avail number of exemptions under Company (Accounting Standards)
Rules 2021. It will reduce complexity of regulatory filings for smaller firms.
Which companies are classified as SMCs?
Banks, insurance companies, financial institutions, and listed companies cannot be classified as
SMCs.
Any holding company or subsidiary of company which is not an SMC cannot be classified as SMC.
Exemptions available to SMCs
They are completely exempted from filing cash flow statements and providing segmental break up of
their financial performance.
They can avail partial reporting exemptions in areas like reporting on employee benefits obligations.
For instance, on pensions.
They are exempted from providing detailed analysis of benefit obligations to employees.
They are also exempted from reporting diluted earnings per share in their filings.
Significance of the move
This move will promote ease of doing business for firms which are included under definition of SMC.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
SMEs are businesses whose personnel numbers are kept below certain limits. SMEs sometimes outnumber
big companies by wide margin and employ more people. For instance, Australian SMEs accounts for 98% of
all Australian businesses, produce one-third of GDP and employ 4.7 million people. SMEs are also
responsible for driving innovation and competition across different sectors.
Odisha- WFP tie up to empower SHGs
Odisha government and United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) have partnered to improve household
food and nutritional security.

Key Points
Household food & nutritional security would be improved by strengthening livelihood initiatives &
reaching out to state-supported Women’s Self-Help Groups (WSHGs).
This is a significant partnership to achieve nutritional security in Odisha which will also focus on
empowerment, livelihood and incomes of women.
Such initiatives are important to address and reduce vulnerabilities across food security.
This partnership will be in effect till December 2023.
Empowering Women
Sustainable livelihoods will improve household food and nutritional security. It will lead to holistic
empowerment of women. Collaboration between Odisha government and WFP will support Women’s Self-
Help Groups (WSHGs) by providing them technical assistance and capacity development. It will directly
contribute to long-term food security and develop a replicable model. Partnership will also focus on creating
livelihood opportunities, improve household nutritional security and increase participation of women in
decision making fulfilling the core objectives of Department of Mission Shakti.
Objective of partnership
Partnership was done do improve linkage of women’s groups with government procurement systems. It will
increase awareness on entitlements, build capacity of women’s groups, develop monitoring tools and
undertake evaluations to improve functioning of SHGs.
UN World Food Programme (WFP)
WEP is a food-assistance branch of United Nations. It is world’s largest humanitarian organization, focusing
on hunger & food security and is the largest provider of school meals. WEP was founded in 1961 with
headquarter in Rome. It has served 97 million people across 88 countries, as of 2019. It was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize in 2020 for its efforts of providing food assistance in areas with conflict and to prevent
use of food as weapon of war & conflict.
FAME scheme extended till 2024
Government has decided to extend adoption of electric vehicles ‘Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of
Electric Vehicles in India Phase II (FAME Phase II)’ by 2 years.
Highlights
Initially FAME scheme was to be implemented for a period of three years from April 1, 2019.
Now, it will be in force till March 31, 2024.
Date was extended after the Department of Heavy Industries increased demand incentive for electric
two-wheelers (e2W) from Rs 10,000/KWh to Rs 15,000/KWh.
Background
These amendments were made in the scheme because it faced criticism for being ineffective in lifting share
of EVs in Indian market. As per data, only 5 per cent or about Rs 500 crore of allocated Rs 10,000 crores has
been spent to make green mobility affordable. Only 58,613 e2Ws were sold under the scheme across states
against the target of 10 lakh units by March 2022. With the latest amendment, EV industry will get more
time to extend benefits to customers and achieve target under scheme.
FAME Scheme
This scheme is a part of National Electric Mobility Mission Plan. Scheme was launched to encourage
electric vehicles by providing subsidies. This scheme aims to incentivise all vehicle segments. It was
launched in two phases. Phase 1 was started in 2015 & ended on 31st March, 2019. While, phase II was
started from April 2019 and will end in 2024 (Earlier to end in 2022). Scheme is monitored by Department of
Heavy Industries under Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.

National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP)
Under the NEMMP, government targeted to achieve 6-7 million sales of electric and hybrid vehicles across
India by 2020. This plan aims to achieve national fuel security by promoting hybrid and electric vehicles.
International Day against Drug Abuse
International Day Against Drug Abuse is observed on June 26 every year to raise awareness among people
regarding dangerous effects of drugs and it’s illicit trafficking.
Drug abuse and mental health go hand in hand. People addicted to drugs not only put their physical health
at stake but also give rise to severe mental issues. Thus, the day becomes significance to make aware
people of harmful impact of drugs.
2021 theme of day
This year, International Day against Drug Abuse was observed under the theme ‘Share Facts on Drugs, Save
Lives’. Its motive is to combat misinformation by sharing real facts on drugs ranging from health risks &
solutions for world drug problem to evidence-based prevention, treatment & care.
Background
International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is a United Nations International Day to fight the
menace of drug abuse and illegal trading of drug. It is observed on June 26, since 1989. Date 26 was
selected to commemorate Lin Zexu’s dismantling of opium trade in Humen, Guangdong on June 25, 1839
before First Opium War in China. The day was instituted by General Assembly Resolution 42/112 of
December 1987.
Drug Abuse in India
Menace of drug addiction is spreading fast among youth of India. The reason for this is, India is sandwiched
between two largest Opium producing regions of world namely, Golden triangle and Golden crescent.
Golden triangle comprises Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos while golden crescent comprises
Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. As per the report of All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS) in 2019,
alcohol is the most abused substance in India. About 5 crore Indians used cannabis and opioids when
survey was conducted in 2018.
ESA to hire First Disabled Astronaut
European Space Agency is set to hire and launch world’s first physically disabled astronaut.
Key points
It is going to be 22-member space programme for which decennial recruitment call for astronauts. It
received 22,000 applicants. Space mission will ESA’s 7-billion-euro budget mission and is a third of NASA’s.
Seven or eight launches in a year are dwarfed by 40 launches by United States.
How Space Missions are evolving?
Space is developing fast. Different space agencies are refashioning their outlining plans to refresh space
missions. Founder of Amazon, Bezos hopes, will become the first man to go into space on his own rocket
in July 2021. This highlights the role that tech billionaires are playing in space field which was once
dominated by public agencies.
European Space Agency (ESA)
ESA is an intergovernmental organization comprising of 22 member states. The agency, established in
1975, is dedicated to exploration of space. It is headquartered in Paris. Its space flight programme includes
human spaceflight, launch & operation of unmanned exploration missions to other planets & Moon, Earth
observation, science & telecommunication etc.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
NASA is an independent agency of U.S. engaged in civilian space program, aeronautics and space research.

It was established in 1958 by replacing the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Most of
the US space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including Apollo Moon landing missions, Space
Shuttle and Skylab space station. It also supports the International Space Station and look after the
development of Orion spacecraft.
Indian Private players allowed to build and operate rocket launch sites
Government has allowed private companies to establish & operate rocket launch sites within and outside
the country. However, it is subject to prior authorisation from government.
Key Points
Draft National Space Transportation Policy-2020 which was put forward by the Department of Space
and IN-SPACe is the nodal agency responsible for overall approval.
As per the policy, any orbital or sub-orbital rocket launch from Indian or overseas territory can be
carried out only after authorisation from Indian National Space Promotion & Authorization Center (IN-
SPACe).
Mission can be launched from own or leased launch site or from mobile platforms like land, sea or
air.
Currently, Agnikul Cosmos is developing small rocket to launch small satellites into orbit. Skyroot
Aerospace is the other small rocket maker.
As per the policy, IN-SPACe authorisation requires financial guarantee or insurance cover by proposer
under its ownership to fulfil nation’s liability as per international agreements.
If the launch will be carried outside the India, all approvals necessary to undertake the scope of
activities in another nation or territory will be in accordance with applicable laws of concerned nation
or territory.
Compliance and approvals of administration which is controlling the territory from where Launch is
performed will be ensured by proposer. The proof of compliance or approvals will be enclosed with
application for authorisation.
Significance of the policy
These reforms announced by Government is aimed to unlock the potential of space sector in India. It
expects to attract entrepreneurs to invest in cost-effective & quick turn-around space transportation
systems. It is comprehensive policy covering all aspects of space transportation like launching, launchpads
and re-entry.
Report: Indians invested $40 bn in cryptocurrency in 2020
As per Chinalysis report, Indians who are known to traditionally invest in gold are now investing into
cryptocurrency.
Key Findings
India is home to world’s biggest holders of gold (25,000 tonnes).
Now, Indians are shifting towards cryptocurrency and have invested billions in it.
Investments in cryptocurrency has increased from $200 million $40 billion in last one year.
Concerns
This investment has increased even though Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is not inclined towards digital
currency. RBI had banned banks from supporting cryptocurrency transactions in 2018 following several
digital currency frauds. However, in March 2020, Supreme Court struck down the ban and prompted RBI to
notify that its earlier order has been reverted.
About Cryptocurrency
It is a digital asset which is designed to work as a medium of exchange where individual coin ownership
records are stored in ledger in the form of computerized database. Strong cryptography is used to secure

transaction records, control creation of additional coins and to verify transfer of coin ownership. It does not
exist in physical form and is usually not issued by any central authority. Such currencies use decentralized
control. When a cryptocurrency is minted or created prior to issuance or when it is issued by a single issuer,
it is considered centralized.
First Cryptocurrency
Bitcoin is the first cryptocurrency released as open-source software in 2009. It is the first decentralized
cryptocurrency.
First Country to legalise bitcoin
Recently, El Salvador has become first country to formally adopt bitcoin as legal tender. Its proposal was
put forward by President Nayib Bukele which was later approved by Congress.
Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project - Key Facts
As per Karnataka government, work on ‘Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project’ will start in month of September
2021. Project is expected to be completed by 2026.
Highlights
Project will be completed at an estimated cost of Rs 15,767 crore.
It is being considered as India’s most integrated rail project.
Project will connect Bengaluru with its suburbs through a rail-based rapid-transit system.
This project has been a dream of Karnataka governments since 1983.
Background
Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project was proposed by Karnataka government in 1983. It was first proposed by
an expert team from Southern Railway (then Bengaluru was under purview of Southern Railway). Its
proposal was submitted as Karnataka’s first Transportation Survey which was commissioned by the then
Chief Minister R Gundu Rao.
Aim of the project
Project was proposed with the aim of linking Bengaluru to its suburbs, satellite townships and surrounding
rural areas by rail-based rapid-transit system. It is expected air-conditioned and metro-like trains will run
across the network. It will also provide a fast, safe and more comfortable mode of travel to rural and urban
commuters.
Who will implement the project?
This project will be implemented by Rail Infrastructure Development Company, Karnataka, (K-RIDE) which is
a joint venture of government of Karnataka and Union Ministry of Railways.
Areas covered under this project
This project will span across a rail network of 148.17 kilometres. A total of 57 stations planned across four
corridors. It will connect Karnataka capital to its outskirts in six directions. Four corridors have been named
after regional flowers of Bengaluru viz, Sampige (Champa), Parijata (Prajakta), Mallige (Chameli), and
Kanaka (Priyardarsha).
Taj named strongest hotel brand in the world
According to South Asia’s largest hospitality company, Indian Hotels Company (IHCL), iconic brand Taj has
been rated as the Strongest Hotel Brand across the World by Brand Finance.
Key Points
This announcement was made by world’s leading brand valuation consultancy, Brand Finance, in its
annual ‘Hotels 50 2021′ report.
This report recognises most valuable and strongest hotel brands worldwide.
How Taj emerged as strongest hotel brand?
Taj was given an overall Brand Strength Index of 89.3 out of 100 and AAA rating for employee satisfaction,

customer familiarity, corporate reputation and world-class customer service. Hotel 50 2021 report also
highlights about company’s successful implementation of R.E.S.E.T 2020 strategy. This strategy provided a
transformative framework and helped the Taj brand surmount pandemic related challenges.
Taj Hotels
It is a chain of luxury hotels, which is subsidiary of Indian Hotels Company Limited. It is headquartered at
Express Towers, Nariman Point in Mumbai. Hotel was incorporated by founder of Tata Group, Jamsetji Tata,
in 1903. Thus, it is a part of Tata Group. The company operates 100 plus hotels and hotel-resorts. 84 are
operating in India while 16 in other countries like Malaysia, Maldives, Bhutan, Nepal, South Africa, Sri Lanka,
UK, UAE, USA and Zambia.
Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL)
IHCL is an Indian hospitality company. It manages a portfolio of hotels, jungle safaris, resorts, palaces, spas
and in-flight catering services. It was founded in 1868 by Jamsetji Tata and is a subsidiary of Tata Group
conglomerate. IHCL has more than 196 hotels in 80 locations in India and world.
Amazon Web Services acquires encrypted messaging app Wickr
Amazon Web Services has acquired encrypted messaging app called Wickr. This messaging app was
founded in 2012.
Impact of the move
Wickr app is an encrypted messaging app which has been popular with journalists and whistle-blowers. It is
not yet clear how this move will impact app`s popularity for free users. This acquisition was partially
influenced by need to preserve information security while working remotely.
About Amazon Web Services
Amazon web services is a subsidiary of Amazon which provides on-demand cloud computing
platforms and APIs to individuals.
Stephen Schmidt is the Vice President of Amazon Web Services.
These cloud computing web service provides several basic abstract technical infrastructure and
distributed computing building blocks.
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is one such service by the company which allows users to have
a virtual cluster of computers through Internet, all the time.
These virtual computers are similar to real computer with respect to hardware central processing
units (CPUs) & graphics processing units (GPUs), local & RAM memory, hard-disk & SSD storage etc.
About Wickr
It is an American software company, headquartered in New York City. Company is best known for its instant
messenger application of name Wickr. It has developed several secure messaging apps on the basis of
different customer needs including Wickr Me, Wickr Pro, Wickr Enterprise, Wickr RAM. Wickr instant
messaging apps allow users to send & receive end-to-end encrypted & content-expiring messages. App is
available on iOS, Android, Windows, Linux operating systems and Mac.
Exotic dragon fruit from Maharashtra exported to Dubai
A consignment of Dragon Fruit, was exported to after sourcing it from farmers of Tadasar village in Sangli
District, Maharashtra.
About Dragon Fruit
Dragon fruit is also referred to as “Kamalam”.
They are grown mostly in states including, Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, West
Bengal, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Its cultivation requires less water.
It can be grown in variety of soils.

There are three main varieties of dragon fruit:
1. White flesh with pink skin,
2. Red flesh with pink skin, and
3. White flesh with yellow skin.
Fruit is rick in fibre, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
It’s production was commenced in India in early 1990s.
Apart from India, Dragon fruit is cultivated in Southeast Asia, United States, Caribbean, Mesoamerica,
Australia and throughout tropical & subtropical world regions.
It is a fruit of several different cactus species which is indigenous to America.
Background
Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the ‘Mann Ki Baat’ programme, in July 2020, mentioned about dragon fruit
farming in arid Kutch region of Gujarat. He congratulated farmers of Kutch for cultivation of fruit and for
ensuring India’s self-sufficiency in production.
Renaming Dragon Fruit
Gujarat government renamed dragon fruit as “Kamalam” in January 2021. Government has applied for a
patent to change its nomenclature from Dragon Fruit to “Kamalam”. Name was changed as the government
did not find dragon fruit proper.
About Sangli district
Sangli is the largest district of Maharashtra. Industrial town of Kirloskarwadi is located in Sangli District.
Industrialist Laxmanrao Kirloskar started his first factory in the city. This city is known as sugar bowl of
India because of its high sugarcane productivity. It is also popular as a political power house of
Maharashtra. District is often referred as Heaven of Farmers.
Riots in Lebanon over economy
Lebanese troops were deployed in northern city of Tripoli on June 27, 2021 to take positions across major
state institutions following a night of protests and riots against worsening living conditions in the country.
Ground situation
Riots have left several protesters and 10 soldiers injured. Protests were reported throughout Lebanon after
its 20-month economic crisis worsened. World Bank described this crisis as one of the worst crisis in 150
years. Economic crisis is coupled with political deadlock which has left Lebanon without any government
since August 2020.
Lebanon Economic crisis
Lebanese Economic or liquidity crisis is an ongoing financial crisis in Lebanon. It was started in August
2019. Crisis further exacerbated by spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon and 2020 Beirut port
explosion. As a result, Lebanon has been suffering severe shortages of vital products like fuel, medicine
and medical products.
Background
Lebanese pound has been pegged to U.S. dollar at a rate of 1,507.5 LBP per USD in 1997. In August 2019,
black market exchange rate reached 1,600 LBP per USD while it increased to 3,000 LBP per USD in April
2020 and 15200 LBP per USD in June 2021. USD black market exchange rate is fluctuating continuously due
to devaluation of Lebanese pound. On June 27, Lebanon’s currency reached to 18,000 LBP against U.S.
dollar. Pound has lost 90% of its value since this crisis started.
About Lebanon
Lebanon is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria in north & east, Israel in south and Cyprus in
west across the Mediterranean Sea. It is location at crossroads of Mediterranean Basin and Arabian
hinterland as a result of which, the country has a rich history and cultural identity of religious diversity. It I

one of the smallest countries in Asia. Arabic is the official language.
DRDO flight test New-Gen Nuclear Capable Ballistic Missile Agni P
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight-tested a new generation
nuclear-capable ballistic missile Agni P on June 28, 2021.
Key Points
Missile is also known as ‘Agni Prime’.
It was blasted-off from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam island off Odisha coast, Balasore.
Agni-Prime is the advanced version of Agni-1 missile.
Flight test was monitored by various telemetry and radar stations which were positioned along the
eastern coast.
It followed textbook trajectory and met the mission objectives with the high level of accuracy.
About Agni P Missile
It is a new generation advanced variant of Agni class missiles. It is a canisterised missile having a range of
1,000 and 2,000 kms. Missile can hit targets up to a range of 2000 kms. It is very short and light as
compared to with other missiles in this class. This new nuclear-capable missile is fully made up of
composite material.
Agni-I missile
It is a single stage, solid fuel, road & rail mobile and a Short-range ballistic missile developed by DRDO
under Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. It is a single-stage missile which was developed
after Kargil War to fill gap between 250 km range of Prithvi-II missile and 2,500 km range of the Agni-II.
Missile was first launched from a road mobile launcher at Integrated Test Range (ITR) from Wheeler Island,
on 25 January 2002. It is a 15 meter tall Agni-I missile, weighing 12 tonnes and is capable of carrying
conventional and nuclear warheads of 1,000 kg.
June 29, 2021
UK bans World’s Largest Crypto Exchange
Britain’s financial regulator, Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), has banned world’s largest cryptocurrency
exchanges, Binance.
Key Points
Binance cannot conduct any regulated activity as it will come under growing scrutiny globally.
What is the issue?
Binance Markets was acquired by Binance company in 2020. It was not using regulatory permissions.
However, FCA’s move will not affect services offered on its website called Binance.com.
Background
Binance had announced in June 2021 that it bought an FCA-regulated entity and it will offer cryptocurrency
trading services using pounds and euros.
Implications of FCA’s move
FCA’s move will extends a regulatory crackdown on cryptocurrency sector because of rising concerns about
its involvement in money laundering and fraud.
Do Britain regulate cryptocurrencies?
Trading of cryptocurrencies is not directly regulated in Britain. Services like trading in cryptocurrency
derivatives does require authorization.
What is Binance?
Binance is a cryptocurrency exchange from Cayman Islands. It provides a platform to trade several
cryptocurrencies. It was founded in 2017. Binance is the largest cryptocurrency exchange worldwide in
terms of trading volume, as of April 2021. This cryptocurrency exchange was founded by Changpeng Zhao.
It was initially based in China. But due to increased regulation of cryptocurrency in China, it moved
headquarters out of China.
Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)
FCA is a financial regulatory body in United Kingdom. It operates independently of UK Government. It is
financed by charging fees to members of financial services industry. Its function is to regulate financial
firms providing services to consumers. It works alongside Prudential Regulation Authority and Financial
Policy Committee.
FAO Report: Indigenous Peoples’ food systems
As per U.N. Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)’s report, traditional food gathering techniques of
indigenous communities are under threat because of accelerated climate change and economic pressures
right from Arctic to the Amazon.
As per FAO, food systems used by different indigenous peoples were among world’s most
sustainable in terms of efficiency. It was avoiding waste and adapting to the seasons.
Report warns against increasing threats to such sophisticated food systems.
Food systems are at high risk due to climate change, major infrastructure projects and granting of
concessions which allow mining, commercial agriculture & companies to operate in territories of
indigenous people.
Indigenous people
There are around 500 million people across 90 countries who are self-identify as indigenous people. Food
systems of eight indigenous people are examined in depth and it comes among most sustainable system in
world with respect to efficiency, no waste, seasonality and reciprocity. These indigenous people generate
hundreds of food items from environment without depleting natural resources and achieve high levels of
self-sufficiency. For instance, in Solomon Islands, Melanesians people combine agroforestry, wild food
gathering and fishing and generate 70 per cent of their dietary needs.
Way forward
Report emphasises on the urgent need for governments and international community to establish and
enforce intercultural policies which support the efforts of indigenous people in protecting their food
systems.
Distribution of Indigenous people
Food system of Indigenous people was analysed on-
1. Baka people in Cameroon
2. Inari Sami people in Finland
3. Khasi, Bhotia and Anwal peoples in India
4. Melanesians people in Solomon Islands,
5. Kel Tamasheq people in Mali,
6. Tikuna, Cocama and Yagua peoples in Colombia, and
7. Maya Ch’orti’ in Guatemala.
How their food system is different?
Food system of indigenous people comprises of different food generation techniques such as hunting,
gathering, fishing, pastoralism and shifting cultivation. Mobile practices & nomadism are important to link
food generation and production activities to natural cycles.
SEBI- Franklin Templeton case
Franklin Templeton (FT) has been given interim relief from Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) on June 28,
2021.

Key points
SAT put stay on Securities Exchange Board of India’s (SEBI) order on FT that prevented it from launching
new debt scheme. Tribunal also put a temporarily stayed on SEBI’s order of recovery of Rs 512 crore from
Franklin Templeton and its direction on FT to deposit Rs 250 crore in three weeks. Next hearing on Franklin
Templeton-SEBI’s matter will be on August 30, 2021. Order of SAT will be applicable until further orders
from it.
Background
SEBI had put a penalty of Rs 5 crore and ordered to disgorge Rs 512 crore investment management by fund
house to manage six suspended schemes. Fine of Rs 3 crore was levied on Franklin Templeton Trustee
Services Pvt Ltd while Rs 2 crore each on President of Franklin Asset Management (India) Pvt Sanjay Sapre
and its Chief Investment Officer Santosh Kamat. Sebi had also imposed a penalty of Rs 15 crore on senior
officials of Franklin Templeton AMC and its trustee because they violated regulatory norms in case of
winding up of six debt schemes in 2020.
What are those schemes?
Six of the schemes namely, Franklin India Low Duration Fund, Franklin India Credit Risk Fund, Franklin India
Dynamic Accrual Fund, Franklin India Ultra Short Bond Fund, Franklin India Short Term Income Plan, and
Franklin India Income Opportunities Fund, together had an estimated Rs 25,000 crore as assets under
management.
Franklin Templeton
It is a global investment firm which was founded in New York City in 1947. It is listed on the New York Stock
Exchange under ticker symbol BEN. Company has been named so in honor of Benjamin Franklin.
Finance Minister announces Stimulus Package
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announce Rs 6.28 lakh crore stimulus package on June 28, 2021 with
the aim of boosting Covid-affected sectors following the eight measures proposed by Ministry of Finance.
Eight key announcements
1. Expansion of healthcare infrastructure
Credit guarantee scheme and an amount of Rs 23,220 crore was earmarked to expands medical
infrastructure for one year. Funding aims to increase the number of ICU beds and enhance availability of
equipment & liquid medical oxygen (LMO). It will emphasise on preparedness of healthcare infrastructure in
terms of child and paediatric care.
2. Free visas, loan for travel agencies
As issuance of visa resumes, first five lakh tourist visas will be issued free of cost. This visa incentive will
cost government around Rs 100 crore. She also announced loan guarantee scheme for tourism sector
because it has been one among worst-hit sectors by covid-19 pandemic. Under the scheme, loan will be
given with 100 per cent guarantee of up to Rs 10 lakh for travel agencies and Rs 1 lakh for regional tourist
guides.
3. Rs 1.1 lakh crore loan guarantee scheme
A Rs 1.1 lakh crore loan guarantee scheme was announced for Covid-affected sectors. Out of Rs 1.1 lakh
crore, Rs 50,000 crore will be provided to health sector. It will benefit 25 lakh beneficiaries as they will be
able to borrow up to Rs 1.25 lakh through micro-finance institutions (MFIs). Both public and private
hospitals can avail a maximum of Rs 100 crore with a guarantee duration of three years.
4. ECLGS cap raised by Rs 1.5 lakh crore
Cap of Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) was increased from Rs 3 lakh crore to Rs 4.5 lakh
crore. ECLGS scheme was announced as part of Aatmanirbhar Bharat package in 2020.

5. Rs 33,000 crore for NEIA
Ministry of finance announced a corpus that will enable National Export Insurance Account (NEIA) to
underwrite an additional Rs 33,000 crore of project exports over five years. NEIA facilitates cover for buyer’s
credit to project exporters and borrowers having lesser creditworthiness, through EXIM Bank.
6. Extension of Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana was extended from June 30, 2021 till March 31, 2022. This wage
subsidy scheme was announced with the aim of incentivizing employers through EPFO to generate fresh
employment.
7. PPP projects, DISCOMs, BharatNet
New process is being adopted for speedy clearance of public-private partnership projects. Rs 3.03 lakh
crore was allocated to revamp DISCOMs. Additional Rs 19,041 crore was allocated to BharatNet to improve
broadband connectivity to villages.
8. Fertiliser subsidy, PMGKAY
Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) for fertilizers was increased to Rs 42,275 crore. Additional Rs 14,775 crore
will be given to stakeholders, for DAP (Di-ammonium Phosphate) and NPK-based complex fertilisers.
China starts Baihetan Hydro Project
China operationalised the two units of giant Baihetan hydropower plant, which is the largest hydro project
under construction worldwide on June 28, 2021.
Key Points
Yangtze river in southwest China generated electricity for the first time.
First two 1-gigawatt (GW) turbines of the hydro project will go into formal operation after a three-day
trial that started on June 28.
About Baihetan Hydro Project
This hydro project has been built by China Three Gorges Corporation which is the operator of world’s
largest hydropower plant.
This three Gorges Dam is located on the border between southwestern provinces of Yunnan and
Sichuan.
It was constructed on upstream section of Yangtze River called Jinsha.
Total installed capacity of the project is 16 million kilowatts.
Hydropower station is equipped with 16 hydro-generating units. Each unit have a capacity of 1 million
kilowatts. This is the largest single-unit capacity worldwide.
Background
Dam has been operationalised in the backdrop of 100th anniversary of ruling Communist Party of China
(CPC) on July 1. Project symbolises the efficiency of CPC in planning and completing large-scale projects.
Yangtze River
It is the longest river in Asia and third-longest in world. This river is also the longest worldwide to flow
entirely within one country. It originates from Jari Hill in Tanggula Mountains in Tibetan Plateau and flows
for 6,300 km in east direction to drain into East China Sea. It is considered as sixth-largest river by
discharge volume in world. The river drains one-fifth of China’s land area.
Jinsha River
It is the Chinese name for upper stretches of Yangtze River. River flows across Qinghai, Sichuan, and
Yunnan provinces in western China. It passes through Tiger Leaping Gorge. It is significant in generating
hydroelectric power. Several world’s largest hydroelectric power stations have been constructed on Jinsha
river.

National Statistics Day 2021
National Statistics Day is being observed on June 29, 2021. This day commemorate the birth anniversary of
late Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis.
Significance of the Day
June 29 has been selected to celebrate this day at national level to recognise Mahalanobis’ invaluable
contribution in establishing National Statistical System.
2021 Theme
Theme of National Statistics Day 2021 is UN sustainable development goal 2 to “End Hunger, Achieve Food
Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture”. It seeks “sustainable solutions to
end hunger by 2030 and to achieve food security.
Who was Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis?
C. Mahalanobis is often referred to as ‘father of Indian statistics’. He was born on June 29, 1893 in
Calcutta. He is best remembered for Mahalanobis distance which is a statistical measure. He was one of
the members of first Planning Commission of India. He founded Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) and
contributed to design of large-scale sample surveys.
Mahalanobis distance
This formula is used to find distance between a point and a distribution. It is based on measurements in
multiple dimensions. This formula is widely used in field of cluster analysis and classification.
Significance of Statistics
Statistics is the discipline concerning collection, analysis, organization, interpretation, and presentation of
data. Statistics is applied to a scientific, industrial, or social problem which start with studying a statistical
population or statistical model. Statistics helps in formulating economic plans and policies. It presents
facts in a precise form. It also plays a significant role in health field and helps conduct social surveys. It is a
significant part of Mathematics.
Ukraine-NATO launch Black Sea drills
Ukraine and United States is conducting a military exercise, joined by 30 countries, in Black Sea and
southern Ukraine. Exercise was started despite Russia called to cancel it.
Key Points
According to US Navy Capt. Kyle Gantt, large number of participants in exercise reflects shared
commitment to ensure free access to international waters.
Exercise is being conducted in the backdrop of a rise in tensions between NATO and Russia. Russia
had fired warning shots and dropped bombs in path of British warship to run it out from Black Sea
waters along the coast of Crimea. However, United Kingdom rejected this claim by Russia.
Another bone of contention is, Russia annexed Crimea in 2014 and claims it as Russian territory. But
Crimea is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine.
Sea Breeze 2021
This exercise started on June 28, 2021 and will last for two weeks. It will involve some 32 warships and 40
aircraft from US, NATO allies and Ukraine. Drill will witness the participation of 5,000 troops and 18 special
operations. From US side, US destroyer Ross has arrived at Ukrainian port of Odessa jo join the drills.
According to Ukraine, exercise is being conducted with the goal of gaining experience in joint actions during
multinational peacekeeping and security operations.
History
Sea Breeze exercise is the largest exercise since 1997. Their aim is to train headquarters and subdivisions
of Ukrainian Navy to perform assigned tasks as per NATO standards and procedures. It also seeks to gain
experience in joint actions in multinational operations. Primary aim of the drill is to improve naval and land

operations besides improving cooperation between the participating counties.
Mastercard-Instamojo tie up to assist MSMEs, Gig workers
Mastercard announced a strategic equity investment in Instamojo on June 28, 2021.
Key Points
Investments in India’s largest full-stack digital solutions provider, Instamojo, is aimed at empowering
MSMEs and gig workers.
Empowerment will be done by providing easy to use solutions which will help them to rapidly digitize.
It will help in setting online stores, equip with digital payment acceptance capabilities and reach out
to customers.
How Instamojo will help merchants?
Instamojo platform offers small and micro merchants a ready-made virtual platform on which they can
quickly set up e-commerce business and accept digital payments through fast and easy onboarding
process. Using Instamojo’s platform, merchants will get ready access to a functional online store with
facilities like in-built payments, shipping capabilities, marketing tools, logistics and credit facilities. This
investment and partnership will strengthen companies’ initiative to support gig workers such as personal
trainers, electricians, tutors, and small F&B operators to grow and run their businesses.
How Mastercard will help?
Mastercard is committed to support small merchants with company’s strategic investment and partnerships
to unlock power and potential of digital commerce. With this partnership, Mastercard along with Instamojo
will enable small businesses to grow by strengthening their digital footprint and payment acceptance
capabilities. Mastercard had also committed Rs 250 crores to support small businesses in India in 2020
and launched several initiatives such as providing low-cost digital, growing digital payments awareness and
physical acceptance solutions.
Team Cashless India
Team Cashless India was started by Mastercard to educate and upskill small merchants to benefits and
practicalities of accepting digital payments.
About Instamojo
It is full-stack e-commerce platform for DTC brands and Micro, Medium & Small Enterprises (MSMEs). It
helps them in starting, managing and growing their business online. It was founded in 2012 by Sampad
Swain, Akash Gehani and Aditya Sengupta.
About Mastercard
Mastercard is a global technology company in payments industry. It seeks to connect and power an
inclusive & digital economy.
Govt to link e-courts with land records
Centre government has planned to link e-court with land records and registration base in order to help
bonafide buyers know if land is under any legal dispute.
Key Points
As of now, pilot project on linking eCourt with land records and registration database has been
completed in states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Haryana.
Department of Justice in Law Ministry has urged the registrars general of all high courts to provide
clearance to state governments in order to integrate land records & registration database with e-
Courts & National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) for faster disposal of property disputes.
Eight courts have responded including Tripura, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Himachal Pradesh.

Significance of eCourt-land record linking
eCourt- land record linking will reduce dubious transactions.
It will also help in dispute containment and reduce clogging of court’s system.
Why this linking was done?
As per Department of Justice, “registration of property easily and transparently” is a parameter evaluated by
World Bank to assess performance of 190 global economies on Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) Index. Thus,
to comply with this index, linking was done.
Which nodal department will register the property?
Department of Land Resources (DoLR) is responsible for registering property index.
National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG)
NJDC, launched in 2015, is a part of e-Courts Integrated Mission Mode Project. It was launched with the aim
of tracking judicial performance across different courts in India. It is working as National data warehouse
for case data like orders or judgments for Courts. NJDC acts as a monitoring tool to identify, manage &
reduce pendency of cases. It will also help in providing timely inputs on policy decisions to reduce delay in
the system & facilitate better monitoring of court performance. It has helped India in improve its ranking in
World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Report.
Assam's Burmese grapes exported to Dubai
To harness the export potential of agricultural & processed food products from north-eastern states, fresh
Burmese grapes shipment was exported to Dubai from Guwahati.
Highlights
Burmese grapes are referred as ‘Leteku’ in Assamese language.
Leteku is rich in vitamin C and Iron.
Grapes were sourced and packed at a collection centre in Darang district of Assam.
Consignment was exported by APEDA registered Kiega EXIM Pvt Ltd.
Role of APEDA
APEDA has been carrying out promotional activities to register North-Eastern states on agricultural
and processed food products export map of India.
Recently, APEDA had facilitated exports of first consignment of ‘red rice’ to USA, which is ‘grown in
Brahmaputra valley of Assam. It does not make use of any chemical fertilizer. This rice variety is also
called as ‘Bao-dhaan’ and is an integral part of Assamese food.
APEDA also assisted in exports of Geographical Indications (GI) certified Kaji Nemu (Assam lemon)
to London. About 40 metric tonnes of Assam Lemon has been exported so far.
It has provided financial assistance to private sector to set up a pack house at Guwahati after
fulfilling mandatory requirement or infrastructure for export of fresh fruits and vegetables to Europe.
It also undertakes market promotion activities for structured marketing strategies for export of food
product market intelligence to take informed decision and for skill development, capacity building &
high-quality packaging.
About Burmese Grape
It is a slow-growing evergreen tree of family Phyllanthaceae with a spreading crown and thin bark. It is
found in Asia and most commonly cultivated in Burma, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Bangladesh, India and
Malaysia. It grows in evergreen forests on variety of soils. It is eaten as fruit, stewed or made into wine, or
is used medicinally to treat skin diseases.
P. Sainath awarded 2021 Fukuoka Prize
Noted journalist, P. Sainath, was selected as one of the three recipients of Fukuoka Prize 2021.

Key Points
Sainath will receive ‘Grand Prize’ of Fukuoka Prize.
Academic Prize will go to Prof. Kishimoto Mio of Japan.
Prize for Arts & Culture will be given to filmmaker Prabda Yoon of Thailand.
Secretariat of Fukuoka Prize Committee described P. Sainath as “very deserving recipient of Grand
Prize of Fukuoka Prize”.
He will be awarded for his work of creating a new form of knowledge through his writings &
commentaries on rural India and for promoting civil cooperation.
Fukuoka Prize
It is an award established by city of Fukuoka and Fukuoka City International Foundation. It is given to honor
work of individuals or organizations in preserving & creating Asian culture. Fukuoka prize has three prize
categories- Grand Prize, Academic Prize and Arts & Culture Prize. Fukuoka has organised Asia-Pacific
Exposition with the concept of interaction between Asia-Pacific region in 1989. This prize was inaugurated
in 1990 to carry on spirit of Expo. Prizes are given annually to distinguished people for fostering &
increasing awareness of Asian cultures.
Grand Prize
Grand Prize has been awarded to Muhammad Yunus from Bangladesh, historian Romila Thapar and sarod
maestro Amjad Ali Khan. So far, eleven Indians have received Fukuoka Prize. About 115 people from 28
countries and areas have received Prize in past 30 years.
Who is Palagummi Sainath?
He is an Indian journalist and author of book called “Everybody Loves a Good Drought”. He has been actively
campaigning over famer’s issues and backed Samyukta Ekta Morcha that leads farmers’ agitations in India.
He was awarded with Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2007 because he believes “journalism is for people, not
for shareholders”. He founded People’s Archive of Rural India (PARI) in 2014 which is an online platform
focussing on social & economic inequality, poverty, rural affairs, poverty and aftermath of globalization in
India.
Mobile World Congress 2021
Mobile World Congress (MWC) is world’s biggest mobile event of the 2021. It started on June 28 in
Barcelona.
Key Points
It is one of biggest trade shows which is being organised in hybrid form amid the covid-19 pandemic.
This annual telecom industry gathering is synonymous to some big announcements across the past.
Event is being attended by brands like Nokia, Goggle, Facebook, Xiaomi, and Sony this year.
What is Mobile World Congress?
Mobile World Congress or MWC Barcelona is an annual event focused on innovations in telecom industry. It
is being hosted by GSMA. This event is attended by major telecom operators, component manufacturers,
smartphone companies, trade insiders, media, and representatives from telecom ministries across the
world.
Covid-19 in Spain
Spain has eased COVID-19 restrictions on June 26, 2021 and scrapped a requirement to wear face masks
outdoors. However, Masks is mandatory indoors in public places and on public transport.
Background
Barcelona is being hosting MWC since 2006. MWC 2021 was originally scheduled for March 2021 but it was
postponed due to covid-19 pandemic. This year, MWC is being conducted from June 28 to July 1. This event
was cancelled altogether in 2020. Cancellation led to major economic blow in the city with lost revenue for

hotels, restaurants and taxi companies because this event costs 473 million euros and about 14,000 part-
time jobs for locals.
GSM Association (GSMA)
GAMA is also called as Global System for Mobile Communications. It is an industry organisation
representing the interests of mobile network operators across the world. About 750 mobile operators are
full GSMA members while 400 companies are associate members. GSMA represents its members through
industry programmes, working groups and industry advocacy initiatives. Mats Granryd is the present
Director General of GSMA.
UN Report on Racial Justice and Equality
United Nations published its report on Racial Justice & Equality and called to immediately dismantle
systemic racism against black people worldwide to avoid repeating outrages such as killing of George
Floyd.
UN report was triggered by death of Floyd, who was murdered by white US police officer, Michelle
Bachelet.
According to the report, dehumanisation of people of African descent has created a culture tolerance
for racial discrimination and violence.
It also covered accountability and redress for victims.
Way forward
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has set a four-point agenda to bring about
transformative change on racial justice & equality and asked states to implement it.
It called to include reparations for historical racism and funding for groups such as Black Lives
Matter.
It called to reverse” cultures of denial” when it comes to racism. It said there must not be no impunity
for human rights violations by law enforcement officials. It also urged to build up trust and
institutional oversight reinforced.
It also mandated to hear voices black people and anti-racism activists.
Finally, it asked to confront legacies of historic racism through accountability and redress, the report
concluded.
Background
UN Human rights office was mandated to produce a comprehensive report in June 2020 following Floyd’s
death. It was mandated to produce a comprehensive report on systemic racism and human rights violations
by law enforcement agencies against black people.
Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
It is commonly known as United Nations Human Rights Office. This department of Secretariat of United
Nations works to promote and protect human rights guaranteed under international law and stipulated in
Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. This office was established in 1993 by United Nations
General Assembly following 1993 World Conference on Human Rights. This office is headed by High
Commissioner for Human Rights. He co-ordinates human rights activities throughout United Nations System
and acts as secretariat of Human Rights Council in Geneva, Switzerland.
NASA to create computer models to protect delta system
NASA Scientists and scientists form other universities from Boston to California are aiming to create
computer models which can be used with satellite data to learn which parts of their dwindling deltas can be
shored up and which deltas are past hope.

Why this need was felt?
Scientists decided to create computer models in the backdrop of erosion, sinking land and sea rise
due to climate change which have killed Louisiana woods near the Mississippi River delta system.
NASA is using high-tech airborne systems comprising of boats and mud-slogging work on islands at
the cost of $15 million.
Where is Louisiana?
It is a state in south-central regions of United States. It is 19th-smallest by area and 25th most populous
among 50 U.S. states. It shares its border with state of Texas in west, Arkansas in north, Mississippi in east,
and Gulf of Mexico in south. Its eastern boundary is demarcated by Mississippi River. It is the only state in
U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes. It, along with Alaska, are two U.S. states which are not
subdivided into counties. Baton Rouge is its capital while New Orleans is its largest city.
Mississippi River
It is the second-longest river in North American continent after the Hudson Bay drainage system. Lake
Itasca in northern Minnesota is the source of river. It flows generally south for 2,320 miles to form
Mississippi River Delta in Gulf of Mexico. Mississippi’s watershed drains about 32 U.S. states and two
Canadian provinces. Main stem of the river is entirely within United States. It is the fourteenth-largest river
by discharge worldwide.
June 30, 2021
Odisha to set up "Investment Promotion Agency" in all districts
Government of Odisha has decided to set up district-level industry and investment promotion agencies in all
the districts of state.
Key points
Such agencies would be set up in a bid to create more economic opportunities across the state.
This decision was taken at a high-level meeting, chaired by Chief Secretary SC Mohapatra.
What are the functions of these agencies?
Investment promotion agency would be dedicated for facilitating and handholding the micro, small
and medium enterprises.
These agencies would operate as single-point contact for entrepreneurs and investors.
Agencies would also facilitate MSME entrepreneurs from the “time of project formulation & capacity
building” to “financing, starting of production, & market linkages”.
It would facilitate MSMEs to avail different assistance from government as per prevailing provisions.
Who will manage these agencies?
These agencies would be managed by three professionals under the supervision of respective district
collectors.
Setting up of agencies
These agencies would be set up in all the districts of Odisha in a phased manner with the help of feedback
and learning of functioning and outcome. This project will start in August, 2021. For the first phase of
project districts of Ganjam, Sundargarh & Jagatsinghpur were selected. In second phase, districts of Angul,
Jajapur, Balasore, Keonjhar, Jharsuguda, Rayagada, and Sambalpur will be covered. Government has
targeted to cover all districts by March 2022.
Significance of MSMEs
MSMEs are movers of economy. This, their promotion across all the districts of state will result into an
equitable growth. This sector is a critical source of livelihood and employs about 110 million people.
Justice Department launches “Enforcing Contracts Portal”
Department of Justice has launched an “Enforcing Contracts Portal” on June 29, 2021.
Enforcing Contracts Portal
Justice department launched this portal with the aim of promoting ease of doing business and
improving ‘Contract Enforcement Regime’ across India.
Portal will also provide easy access to latest information regarding the commercial cases in
Dedicated Commercial Courts of Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Bengaluru.
Dedicated Commercial Courts have been set up for speedy resolution of commercial disputes and
boast of dedicated infrastructure & exclusive judicial human power.
It will also provide access the repository of commercial laws.
Portal was launched to act as a comprehensive source of information pertaining to legislative and
policy reforms that are being undertaken on Enforcing Contracts parameters.
legislative and policy reforms undertaken to strengthen Enforcing Contracts regime for Ease of Doing
Business is being monitored by Department of Justice under Ministry of Law & Justice.
Information on commercial court and related services can be easily assessed by portal using several
features like-
1. Details or links of Dedicated Commercial Courts in Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Bengaluru
2. Instructive videos related to e-filing
3. Advocate registration
4. Manuals on using Electronic Case Management Tools (ECMTs) like “JustIS app for judicial officers”
5. e-Courts services app for use by lawyers
6. repository of all related commercial laws for ready reference.
It also hosts online reporting by all High Courts on Mediation and Arbitration centres annexed to
Commercial Courts so as to monitor and promote institutional mediation & arbitration through Pre-
institution Mediation and Settlement (PIMS) of commercial cases.
Enforcing Contracts
These contracts are an essential area of measuring time and cost in order to resolve a standardized
commercial dispute and a series of good practices in the judiciary.
NITI Aayog: Study on 'Not-for-Profit' hospital model
NITI Aayog released a comprehensive study on not-for-profit hospital model in India on June 29, 2020.
Highlights
According to NITI Aayog, it is a step of closing information gap on such institutions.
This study was conducted in the backdrop of low investment in expansion of health sector in private
sector.
Report provides insight into operation model of not-for-profit hospitals.
Findings of report
NITI Aayog highlights the growing disparity between hospitalisation cases in for-profit and not-for-
profit hospitals.
As per report, not-for-profit hospitals account for 1.1% of treated ailments, as of June 2018.
for-profit hospitals account for 55.3% of in-patients. On the other hand, not-for-profit hospitals
account for 2.7% of in-patients in India.
Cumulative cost of care at not-for-profit hospitals is lower than for-profit hospitals by one-fourth with
respect to in-patient department.
This low cost is reckoned by package component of cost, which is about 20% low.
Doctor’s or surgeon’s charges are 36% lower while bed charges, which are approximately 44% lesser
than for-profit hospitals.
Cumulative cost of OPD care across not-for-profit hospitals is about one-third lower than in private

for-profit hospitals.
NSS 75th round data
According to this data, not-for-profit hospitals provide medicines to patients at 26% lesser than for-profit
hospitals. It also highlights, doctor’s fees are about 18% lesser in not-for-profit hospitals.
Way Forward
NITI Aayog calls to strengthen not-for-profit hospitals by giving 100% income tax exemption for donations,
fast release of dues from government schemes and grants. Not-for-profit hospitals be allowed to utilize
primary health care (PHC) infrastructure to take health care in rural India.
China certified Malaria-free
China was certified as malaria-free by World Health Organisation on June 30, 2021 after a 70-year effort of
eradicating this mosquito-borne disease.
Highlights
China reported 30 million cases of Malaria annually in 1940s but no indigenous case was reported for four
consecutive years.
Who can get Malaria-free status?
Nations that have achieved at least three consecutive years of zero indigenous cases of Malaria can apply
for WHO certification of malaria-free status. To get this status, nations must present rigorous evidences
and demonstrate capacity to prevent transmission re-emerging.
Status of China
China has become 40th territory to get malaria-free status by WHO. Four other countries that gained the
status recently were El Salvador in 2021, Algeria & Argentina in 2019, and Paraguay & Uzbekistan in 2018.
China has also become the first country in WHO’s Western Pacific region to be awarded malaria-free
certification in about three decades. Others countries with this certified status are Australia (1981),
Singapore (1982) and Brunei (1987).
WHO’s World Malaria Report 2020
According to WHO report, global progress against the disease was plateauing specially in African countries
that are bearing the brunt of cases and deaths. As per the report, 736,000 lives were claimed in 2000.
Disease had claimed an estimated 411,000 lives in 2018 while 409,000 in 2019. In 2019, global malaria
cases were estimated at 229 million. It highlights, about 90% of malaria deaths occur in Africa and majority
of them are young children.
China’s battle against Malaria
China started working out where malaria was spreading and began to combat in 1950s using preventative
anti-malarial medicines. It reduced mosquito breeding grounds and sprayed insecticide in homes. In 1967,
China had launched a scientific programme to look after new malaria treatments, which led to the discovery
of artemisinin which are the most effective antimalarial drugs.
What is European Union’s Green Pass list?
European Medicines Agency (EMA) has excluded Serum Institute of India (SII) manufactured Covishield
from the list of approved vaccines for ‘Green Pass’. As per EMA, vaccine was excluded from list because it
does not have marketing authorisation in European Union (EU).
Key Points
Covishield does not have a marketing authorisation even though it may use an analogous production
technology to Vaxzevria.
Vaczevria is the only Covid-19 vaccine from AstraZeneca for which marketing authorisation
application was submitted to and evaluated by EMA. It was given authorisation.
EMA highlights, small differences in manufacturing conditions can result in differences among final

produce because vaccines are biological products.
How EU give clearance to vaccines?
EU law requires manufacturing sites and production process to be assessed, before giving clearance to
vaccines.
How it will impact Indians?
Indian travellers vaccinated with Covishield may not be eligible to get European Union ‘Green Pass’.
What is Green Pass?
EU member states have started issuing digital ‘vaccine passport’ to enable easy travel into and between EU
countries for the purpose of work and tourism. EU ‘Green Pass’ is also a kind of digital vaccine passport
recognising EMA approved Vaxzevria version of AstraZeneca vaccine which are produced in UK and Europe,
even though World Health Organisation (WHO) has endorsed SII’s Covishield for emergency use across the
globe. Green pass will be launched on July 1, 2021. It will display bearer’s vaccination status.
Which vaccines are approved by EMA?
EMA, which is responsible for evaluation and supervision of medicinal products, has approved four Covid-19
vaccines namely, Comirnaty, Moderna, Vaxzevria and Janssen, as of now. But Covishield, which is the
Indian version of AstraZeneca and University of Oxford’s Covid vaccine, is yet to be recognised for European
market by EMA.
Russia begins construction of 5th Nuclear Power Unit at Kudankulam
Russia started construction of fifth nuclear power unit at Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu on June 29, 2021.
Key points
This development is a significant step in bilateral relation between both the countries.
Rosatom (a Russian company) is providing technology to construct the Kudankulam plant.
This plant has six units each having 1,000 MWe generation capacity.
It is going to be India’s first light water reactor.
Background
India and Russia started talk for constructing two units of nuclear plant at same site under the General
Framework Agreement (GFA). GFA was signed in June 2017 for units five and six. Unit one and two of
kudankulam plant are already operational.
About Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP)
This nuclear power plant is the largest nuclear power of India. It is located in Kudankulam town in
Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. Construction of the plant started on March 31, 2002. However, it faced
several delays because of opposition from local fishermen.
Six reactors of KKNPP
KKNPP is scheduled to have six VVER-1000 reactors. All these reactors have been built or is being built in
collaboration with Russian state company and Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL).
Reactors have the installed capacity of 6,000 MW of electricity. Unit one was made operation and
synchronised with southern power grid in October 2013. It has been generating electricity up to 1,000 MW.
Unit two was synchronised with electricity grid on August 29, 2016. Units three & four was inaugurated on
February 17, 2016. Now, construction of Unit five & six will start.
SEBI amends norms for Independent Directors
Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has cleared amendments to SEBI (Listing Obligations and
Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 while reviewing regulatory provisions related to independent
directors.
Highlights
To boost corporate governance between listed companies, SEBI approved amendments to rules that

govern appointment, re-appointment and removal of independent directors.
It also amended the rules that requires to disclose resignation letters of such individuals.
What rules have been amended?
Appointment, re-appointment and removal of independent directors will be done only through special
resolution passed by shareholders. This provision will be applicable to all listed entities.
Under the amended rules, a one-year cooling period will be given for an independent director
transitioning to a whole-time director in same company or holding or subsidiary or any company
belonging to promoter group.
Process to be followed by Nomination and Remuneration Committee (NRC) when it is selecting
candidates for appointment as independent directors was made transparent.
NRC required to disclose skills required for appointment as independent director and how proposed
candidate fits into that skillset.
Composition of NRC has been updated to include 2/3rd independent directors instead of current
requirement of majority of independent directors.
Under the new rules, resident Indian fund managers have been allowed to be constituents of foreign
portfolio investors and to amend mutual fund rules to provide investment of a minimum amount as
prescribed by SEBI.
Presently, investment of 1% of the amount raised in a New Fund Offer (NFO) or an amount of Rs 50
lakh (whichever is less) is required.
Who are accredited investors?
Accredited investors can be individuals, HUFs, family trusts, partnership firms, sole proprietorships, trusts
and body corporates on the basis of financial parameters.
Saudi to launch a Second National Airline
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia Mohammed bin Salman announced plans of launching second national airline
as part of broader strategy to turn kingdom into global logistics hub in a bid to diversify from oil.
Key Points
Creation of another flag carrier will put Saudi Arabia into 5th rank worldwide in terms of air transit
traffic.
Detailed plan, of when and how airline will be created, is not yet out.
Background
Plan of creating new airlines was announced because; Prince Mohammad has been pushing for Saudi
Arabia, which is the biggest Arab economy and largest country in Gulf geographically, to boost non-oil
revenues to 45 billion riyals by 2030.
Boosting Non-oil revenues
Saudi Arabia government seeks to make the kingdom a global logistics hub. Plan includes the development
of ports, rail and road networks. These networks would increase transport and logistics sector’s
contribution about 10 % in gross domestic product which currently stands at 6 percent.
What is the purpose of creating new airline?
Comprehensive strategy of creating new airlines aims to position Saudi Arabia as global logistics hub by
connecting three continents. New airline would increase number of international destinations from Saudi
Arabia to more than 250. It will also double air cargo capacity to 4.5 million tonnes.
Why need of second airline was felt?
Current flag bearer Saudi Arabian Airlines, Saudia, is one of the smallest airline networks in gulf region
relative to its size. Saudia has struggled with losses for years. It has also been hit hard by covid-19
pandemic.

Public Investment Fund (PIF)
PIF is the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia. it has planned to build a new airport in Riyadh as a part of
new airline launch. This fund is the main vehicle of boosting Saudi Arabian investments at home and
abroad.
Moderna: India licenses fourth Covid vaccine
Drug regulator of India, DCGI, has allowed Mumbai-based pharmaceutical company Cipla to import
Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine for restricted emergency use in India.
Key points
Moderna’s vaccine is going to be fourth COVID-19 vaccine available in India after Covaxin, Covishield and
Sputnik.
About AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine Covishield
This vaccine is locally manufactured by Serum Institute of India. It was created using a weakened variant of
common cold virus called adenovirus from chimps. This virus has been altered to resemble coronavirus,
which will boost immune system to produce antibodies.
About Covaxin
Covaxin is an inactivated vaccine. It has been made with coronaviruses after killing them. Thus, it is safe to
inject into body. It was created and being manufactured by Bharat Biotech. Immune cells in body have
ability to recognise dead virus after it has been injected. It prompts immune system to produce antibodies
against the coronavirus.
Sputnik Vaccine
This vaccine was created by Gamaleya Institute in Russia. It is composed of a harmless cold-type virus as a
carrier which will deliver a small portion of coronavirus in body. Body then starts to manufacture antibodies
which are specifically adapted to coronavirus after being vaccinated.
Moderna Vaccine
Moderna’s method of creating vaccine to protect against Covid-19 is based on messenger RNA (mRNA).
mRNA helps the cells to generate immunity against coronavirus. This vaccine along with Pfizer is being
preferred among wealthy countries. they are more than 90% effective at preventing coronavirus.
Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI)
DGCI is the head of department of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization in India. It is responsible for
approval of licences of specified categories of drugs like blood and blood products, vaccines, IV fluids, and
sera in India. It works under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. it also sets standards for manufacturing,
import, sales and distribution of drugs in India.
Aadhaar can be ID proof for GRE, TOEFL
Education Testing Service (ETS) has allowed use of Aadhar card for GRE and TOFEL Exams.
Key points
Indian students who are writing GRE or TOEFL examinations will be allowed to use their Aadhaar
cards as identification proof from July 1, 2021.
This decision was taken by Educational Testing Service as many students have faced difficulties in
getting passports amid the COVID-19 induced lockdowns.
Educational Testing Service (ETS)
ETS conducts the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).
These are standardised tests which are required to be passed to get admission in many universities in
United States and elsewhere. Earlier, passport was the only accepted identification proof so far for those
taking tests in India. Aadhar card will be applicable for TOEFL and GRE General home-based tests which
have gained popularity during pandemic. These Internet-based tests conducted at designated centres. It will

also be applicable to the new TOEFL Essentials Test which will start from August 2021 and on GRE Subject
Tests which will start in October 2021.
Is this a permanent measure?
No, this decision was taken as a temporary measure. It will come into effect from July 1 and will be
applicable until further notice.
About Aadhaar
It is a 12-digit unique identity number which can be obtained voluntarily by residents or passport holders of
India. It is based biometric and demographic data. Data is collected by Unique Identification Authority of
India (UIDAI) which is a statutory authority established in January 2009. It comes under Ministry of
Electronics and Information Technology. Aadhaar is world’s largest biometric ID system. it is considered a
proof of residence but not a proof of citizenship. It does not grant any rights to domicile in India.
India cuts Crude Palm Oil Import Tax
India has cut import tax on crude palm oil from 15 % to 10% for three months. This new duty would be
effective from June 30, 2021.
Key Points
India is world’s biggest importer of vegetable oils. But it has been struggling to bring down edible oils
prices. Thus, decision to reduce the import tax was taken. After the tax reduction, palm oil imports will
account for 30.25% tax in total. It will include 10% base import duty and other taxes. Overall tax rate on
palm oil imports was 35.75% earlier.
How tax cut will help?
Tax cut will make palm oil more attractive than the soy oil and sunflower oil for Indian refiners. It will thus
boost imports of tropical oil in next three months and will support benchmark Malaysian prices. Duty cut
will provide a necessary respite to consumers from high edible oil prices.
Background
Prices for domestic soy oil and palm oil were doubled in 2020 which hit hard the consumers who were
already stung by high fuel prices and reduced incomes because of lockdowns amid COVID-19 pandemic.
Oil import in India
India imports palm oil mainly from Indonesia and Malaysia. India will buy 500,000 tonnes of additional palm
oil in these three months. Average monthly imports will be around 850,000 tonnes.
Palm oil
Palm oil is the most widely used and imported oil in India. It is mainly for bulk buyers like food processors
and for use in restaurants. Households in India usually prefer soy oil, sunflower oil and rapeseed oil.
GoI extends tenure of NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant
Central government has extended tenure of NITI Aayog Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Amitabh Kant, by one
year. His tenure will now end in June 2022. Extension order was issued by Department of Personnel and
Training after it was approved by Appointments Committee of Cabinet headed by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi.
Who is Amitabh Kant?
He is a 1980 batch retired IAS officer of Kerala cadre. He has been at helm of policy think tank of
government since 2016. Before joining NITI Aayog, he was Secretary in Government of India. He was
handling industrial policy and promotion. Following his superannuation, he was appointed CEO and he will
continue till 2022. He is known for his reformist mind and articulation & marketing strategies. He is the key
player involved at top level in policy related matters like industrial development, technology and investment.
NITI Aayog
It is a public policy think tank of Government of India which was established in 2015 by replacing the

planning commission with the aim of achieving sustainable development goals with cooperative federalism
by involving State Governments in economic policy-making process. Some of its initiatives include AMRUT,
15-year road map, 7-year vision, strategy & action plan, Digital India, Medical Education Reform, Atal
Innovation Mission etc.
Background
Independent Evaluation Office submitted a report to Prime Minister Narendra Modi with recommendation to
replace Planning Commission with a “control commission” on 29 May 2014. Following the
recommendations, Union Cabinet scrapped Planning Commission in August 2014. A Cabinet resolution was
passed on January 1, 2015 to replace Planning Commission NITI Aayog which stands for National
Institution for Transforming India.
India ranks 10th in Cybersecurity Index
th
India has been ranked at 10 position in the cybersecurity index.
Key points
India was ranked ahead of China (No. 33) and Pakistan (No. 79) in global cybersecurity ranking of
countries.
India has improved its ranking from 47 to 10 in United Nation’s ITU Global Cybersecurity Agenda
(GCA).
United States has been ranked first and is followed by United Kingdom.
Improved ranking acknowledges multiple initiatives that India have taken along with CERT (Cyber
Emergency Response Team).
Background
This ranking was announced at a time when government has been dealing with instances of cross-border
cyber-attacks. In February 2021, several instances were observed where government domain email
addresses were used to launch cyber-attacks.
Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI)
GCI is a project of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to rank cybersecurity capabilities of nations
across the globe. It is a trusted reference measuring commitment of nations to cybersecurity at a world
level. It is published to raise awareness of importance and different dimensions of cybersecurity issues.
Country’s level of development or engagement in the field of cybersecurity is assessed in five pillars
1. Legal Measures
2. Technical Measures
3. Organizational Measures
4. Capacity Development and
5. Cooperation
And then data are aggregated into an overall score. GCI leverages capacity and expertise of different
organizations in order to improve quality of survey, and to promote knowledge exchange in the fields of
cybersecurity. ITU Global Cybersecurity Agenda (GCA) provides general foundation and framework for
initiative.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
ITU was founded in 1865 and is an integral part of United Nations 1947. It has widest decision-making
scope among international ICT organizations with respect to issues addressed and types of decisions
made. Its treaties provide an international legal framework for cooperation between states, private sector
etc.

120 Multiple Choice Questions
The below MCQs are select 120 questions sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2021 Daily 20 MCQ
Series in GKToday Academy Android Application.
1. Who was the President of the 14th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations
Convention to Combat Desertification?
[A] Narendra Modi
[B] Yoshihide Suga
[C] Xi Jinping
[D] Gotabaya Rajapaksa
Answer: Narendra Modi
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was the President of the 14th session of the Conference of the
Parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD COP14 President). The
event was held at New Delhi in 2019. Recently, PM Modi is set to address a high-level virtual dialogue on
desertification, land degradation and drought at the UN. The event will be convened by the President of
the 75th session of the General Assembly, Volkan Bozkir.
2. Naftali Bennett, who was making news recently, is the new Prime Minister of which country?
[A] Italy
[B] Israel
[C] France
[D] Iran
Answer: Israel
Naftali Bennett has been selected as the new Prime Minister of Israel, after Benjamin Netanyahu lost his
12-year-old tenure. Netanyahu, who was Israel’s longest serving Prime Minister, is on trial for fraud. He
fell short of obtaining majority support after the general election in March this year. Yair Lapid is
expected to replace Bennett as PM after two years.
3. Raja Parba, which was celebrated recently, is a famous festival of which state?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Kerala
[C] Odisha
[D] West Bengal
Answer: Odisha
Raja Parba, a 3-day festival celebrating womanhood is being celebrated across the state of Odisha.
During this period, it is believed that Mother Earth menstruates and prepares for future agricultural
activities with the arrival of monsoon. Odisha Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) also launched a
special programme named 'Pitha on Wheels'.
4. Which country plays host to the World Blood Donor Day 2021 events?
[A] USA
[B] Germany
[C] Italy
[D] UAE
Answer: Italy
World Blood Donor Day is observed on June 14 every year, to create awareness across the world about
the need for safe blood and life-saving components of blood required for transfusion. For 2021, the
World Blood Donor Day slogan will be “Give blood and keep the world beating”. Italy hosts the World

Blood Donor Day 2021 through its National Blood Centre.
5. As per the mandatory Hall marking scheme, what types of gold jewellery can be sold in India?
[A] 18, 20 and 22 carats
[B] 14, 18 and 22 carats
[C] 20, 22 and 24 carats
[D] 14, 18 and 24 carats
Answer: 14, 18 and 22 carats
The government is set to implement mandatory hallmarking of gold jewellery and artefacts from 15 June
2021. Gold hallmarking is a purity certification of gold and at present hallmarking is voluntary. This will
protect the public against lower caratage. From the cut-off date all jewellers will be allowed to sell only
14, 18 and 22 carats of gold jewellery.
6. Which country has developed a ceiling-mounted ‘Covid alarm’ that can detect Covid infection?
[A] USA
[B] China
[C] UK
[D] India
Answer: UK
Scientists from the United Kingdom have developed a ceiling-mounted ‘Covid alarm’ that can detect the
persons infected in 15 minutes. This accurate device can be used for screening in aircraft cabins,
classrooms, care homes and offices. The sensor works by detecting chemicals produced by the skin or
in the breath of the persons infected with coronavirus.
7. New Shephard, which was in the news recently, is the rocket system of which space agency?
[A] SpaceX
[B] NASA
[C] Blue Origin
[D] Rocosmos
Answer: Blue Origin
Amazon founder and billionaire Jeff Bezos’s space company Blue Origin recently concluded the online
auction for the first seat on New Shephard. It is a rocket system developed to take tourists to space.
Over 7,600 people registered from 159 countries to bid for this seat. It went for a winning bidder of USD
28 million, who would fly aboard New Shephard along with Bezos.
8. Which Indian state is ranked first in the Anemia Mukt Bharat Index?
[A] Kerala
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Tamil Nadu
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh is at the first position with a score of 64.1, in the Anemia Mukt Bharat Index. It is
released by the National Health Mission. M.P is followed by Odisha with a score of 59.3. Himachal has
jumped to third spot this year, against its rank 18 in the year 2018-19. Almost 50% of the pregnant
women, 59% of children less than five years of age, 54% of adolescent girls and 53% of non-pregnant
non-lactating women in India are anemic.
9. As per ICAN’s recent report, which country spent the highest amount on nuclear weapons?
[A] China
[B] Russia
[C] USA
[D] UK
Answer: USA
Geneva-based International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) has released a report titled
“Complicit: 2020 Global Nuclear Weapons Spending”. The report details the spending of nine countries
on their weapons, the companies that profited, among others. The amount had an increase of $1.4
billion from last year. USA tops the list with an expenditure of $37.4 billion, followed by China at $ 10.1
billion. Russia, UK and France are in the next places.
10. The ‘Open Societies Statement’, which was making news recently, was adopted at which
Summit?
[A] NATO Summit
[B] G 7 Summit
[C] G 20 Summit
[D] OECD Summit
Answer: G 7 Summit
The ‘Open Societies Statement’ was adopted at the end of G-7 outreach session, which encourages the
values of “freedom of expression”. The title of the session was ‘Building Back Together—Open Societies
and Economies’. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was invited as the Lead Speaker during the event.
11. Which institution releases the ‘World Giving Index 2021’?
[A] UNDP
[B] Charities Aid Foundation (CAF)
[C] Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
[D] UNICEF
Answer: Charities Aid Foundation (CAF)
The World Giving Index (WGI) for the year 2021 has been released by the Charities Aid Foundation (CAF).
The report states that COVID 19 and associated lockdowns have changed the giving behaviour of
countries across the globe. India stands at 14th most generous countries in the world. Indonesia has
been ranked at the 1st spot.
12. Which Indian state produces GI certified Jardalu mangoes, which were recently exported to the
UK?
[A] Bihar
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Bihar
The first commercial consignment of GI-certified Jardalu mangoes from Bhagalpur, Bihar was exported
to the United Kingdom. APEDA, in collaboration with Bihar government, Indian High Commission & Invest
India, exported the mangoes that were packed and treated at APEDA packhouse, Lucknow. Jardalu
mangoes from Bhagalpur district of Bihar received GI certification in 2018, due to their distinct aroma
and taste.
13. When is the World Elder Abuse Awareness Day observed by the UN every year?
[A] June 15
[B] June 20
[C] June 25
[D] June 27

Answer: June 15
Every year, the United Nations observes June 15th as World Elder Abuse Awareness Day. This was
initiated by the International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse (INPEA) in 2006 and the UN
General Assembly passed a resolution in this regard in the year 2011. This year’s June 15 is observed
under the title “Safeguard older persons during COVID-19 and beyond”.
14. Britain announced a free trade agreement with which country for Cars, Scotch whisky and
Confectionery?
[A] India
[B] Australia
[C] New Zealand
[D] Japan
Answer: Australia
The Government of Britain has announced a free trade agreement with the Government of Australia, for
the first time post Brexit. Under the agreement cars, Scotch whisky and confectionery made in Britain
would be sold in Australia at a cheaper cost because of the agreement which aims to reduce tariff
barriers.
15. Which recently-released report was titled “The race against time for smarter development”?
[A] World Development Report
[B] Global Economic Prospects
[C] UN Sustainable Development Report
[D] UNESCO Science Report
Answer: UNESCO Science Report
The 7th edition of the UNESCO Science report has been released recently under the title “The race
against time for smarter development”. This report makes a detailed analysis of the development path
that countries have been following over the last five years in the field of science.
16. NAFED is registered under which of the following Acts?
[A] Companies Act
[B] Banking Regulation Act
[C] Co-operative Societies Act
[D] NABARD Act
Answer: Co-operative Societies Act
The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd (NAFED) is registered under the
Co-operative Societies Act and is established to promote the cooperative marketing of agricultural
produce. Recently, NAFED has launched “Nafed Fortified Rice Bran Oil ''. This is expected to significantly
reduce India's dependence on imported edible oil and would provide an impetus to the Atma Nirbhar
Bharat initiative.
17. Which country played host to VivaTech technology conference?
[A] France
[B] China
[C] Japan
[D] India
Answer: France
VivaTech is an annual technology conference which is organised in Paris, France. This conference has
been organised since 2016 and is dedicated to innovations and startups across the globe. Prime
Minister of India Narendra Modi delivered the keynote address at this year’s VivaTech conference, where

he highlighted the close association of India and France on the technology front.
18. The Trusted Telecom Portal is established under which council?
[A] TRAI
[B] Telecom Council
[C] National Security Council
[D] Telecommunication Council
Answer: National Security Council
The Union Government has launched the Trusted Telecom Portal under the Cyber wing of the National
Security Council. This portal has been launched after the Cabinet approved the National Security
Directive on the Telecommunication Sector. From now on, telecom operators are mandated to use
equipment and connect networks using devices which are designated as trusted products / authentic
sources.
19. SilverLine, is a flagship rail project of which state?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Gujarat
Answer: Kerala
The state government of Kerala has recently approved for commencing land acquisition to SilverLine
project, which is a semi high-speed railway project. Proposed at a cost of Rs.63,940 crore, the project
aims to connect the northern and southern part of Kerala by rail and reduce the travel time. This is one
of the biggest infra projects of recent times in the state.
20. As per the new MSME rules, what documents are required for registration of MSMEs?
[A] GSTIN, PAN and Aadhar
[B] PAN and Aadhar
[C] Udyog Aadhar
[D] Biometric Identification
Answer: PAN and Aadhar
Union MSME Ministry recently announced simplification of process for registration of Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises. As per the new rules, only PAN and Aadhaar will be required for registration of
MSMEs. After getting registered, the MSME unit would get priority and finance.
21. Which Indian wrestler has clinched Gold medal in the Poland Open Tournament?
[A] Vinesh Phogat
[B] Sakshi Malik
[C] Sushil Kumar
[D] Yogeshwar Dutt
Answer: Vinesh Phogat
Indian wrestler Vinesh Phogat has clinched the 53kg gold medal at the Poland Open in Warsaw. It is the
third title of the season for the 26-year-old wrestler, who had previously won gold medals at the Matteo
Pellicone event (March) and Asian Championship (April). Vinesh won the final match against Ukraine's
Khrystyna Bereza 8-0. The victory would make her the top seed at the Tokyo Olympics.
22. The National Maritime Heritage Complex is to be developed in which state?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Gujarat
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Kerala
Answer: Gujarat
The Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways signed a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) for ‘Cooperation in Development of National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC)
at Lothal, Gujarat’ NMHC, a world-class facility is to be developed near the ASI site of Lothal, located
about 80 kms away from Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The complex would be developed as an international
tourist destination, where the maritime heritage of India would be showcased.
23. Which is the lead institution of India for the BRICS Network University?
[A] IISC Bangalore
[B] IIT Bombay
[C] IIT Delhi
[D] IIT Madras
Answer: IIT Bombay
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay hosted a three-day virtual conference of BRICS Network
Universities on electric mobility. The conference is part of the events that India hosts under the
education stream during its 13th BRICS Summit this year. BRICS Network University is a union of higher
education institutions of the five BRICS member countries. IIT-Bombay is the lead institution of India for
the BRICS Network University.
24. ‘Data Lake’, which was making news recently, is the online portal of which organisation?
[A] RBI
[B] NHAI
[C] CBI
[D] DRDO
Answer: NHAI
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) mandated to use drones for monthly video recording of
all national highway projects during their different stages of construction, operation and maintenance.
NHAI has directed contractors to carry out the drone video recording in the presence of the Supervision
Consultant, and upload the status of the current and last month on ‘Data Lake’, the portal of NHAI.
25. What does “A” stand for in ‘ADMM-Plus’ platform?
[A] Asian
[B] ASEAN
[C] Asia
[D] Africa
Answer: ASEAN
The ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus) is a platform comprising 10-nation ASEAN
nations and its eight dialogue partners namely India, China, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of
Korea, Russia and the United States. The meeting aims to strengthen security and defence cooperation
among the above-mentioned nations and ensures peace, stability and development in the region.
26. In which city, the historic summit between US President Joe Biden and Russian President
Vladimir Putin took place?
[A] Geneva
[B] Washington
[C] Moscow
[D] Vienna
Answer: Geneva

The historical summit between US President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin took place
recently in Geneva, Switzerland. This visit was a part of the US President’s three-country foreign trip
undertaken for a period of 8 days. The talks covered cybersecurity, arms control, human rights and
Ukraine.
27. Google Pay has announced cards tokenisation feature in collaboration with which payments
major?
[A] Visa
[B] Master Card
[C] Rupay
[D] NPCI
Answer: Visa
Google Pay has collaborated with Visa and has announced to expand its cards tokenisation feature. This
feature would enable users to make debit or credit card payments in a secure mode using a digital token
attached to their phone. In India, card tokenization feature of google pay has been on boarded to Kotak
Mahindra Bank, SBI, Axis Bank, IndusInd Bank, Federal Bank etc.
28. What is AY.1, which is seen in news recently?
[A] Coronavirus variant
[B] New Exoplanet
[C] New Galaxy
[D] Human Gene
Answer: Coronavirus variant
B.1.617.2.1, is a new Coronavirus variant and is denoted as AY.1 for simplicity. This variant is found to
be rapidly spreading in several countries including India. This corona virus variant has immune escape
properties, thereby making it partially or fully resistant to the body’s immune response, vaccines and
antibody therapies.
29. “ICICI Stack” is a digital banking solution for which segment of customers?
[A] Retail Customers
[B] Home Loan Customers
[C] Corporate Customers
[D] Insurance customers
Answer: Corporate Customers
ICICI Bank has launched a comprehensive set of digital banking solutions for corporates named “ICICI
STACK”. This platform caters to the entire system within a corporate like promoters, group companies,
employees, dealers, vendors and all other stakeholders. It enables the corporate houses to meet all
banking needs on a single platform.
30. 'TV Channel Selector' web portal has been launched by which regulator body?
[A] Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
[B] Competition Commission of India
[C] Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
[D] Telecom Disputes Settlement Board
Answer: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
The telecommunication regulator – TRAI has launched a TV Channel Selector web portal. Using this
portal, consumers who do not have smart phones can check their subscription, modify it, view all
channels provided by their cable operators. Alternatively, this service could also be accessed using TV
Channel Selector App, using a smart phone.
31. A new specie named “Satin berrypecker” has been discovered in which country?
[A] New Guinea
[B] Argentina
[C] Brazil
[D] Nicaragua
Answer: New Guinea
A new species of berrypecker named “satin berrypecker” has been discovered in the Kumawa Mountains
of western New Guinea. Berrypecker is a very small bird family restricted to the mountain forests of New
Guinea. “Satin berrypecker” is the 6th species to be discovered and is distinct from other members of
the genus in term of coloration, morphological measurements, and genetic markers.
32. Which country has launched the satellites named HISEA-2, YANGWANG-1 & TKSY01-TJ?
[A] Japan
[B] China
[C] USA
[D] Russia
Answer: China
The China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC) which is a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science
and Technology Corporation (CASC) has successfully launched Chinese satellites namely BEIJING-3,
HISEA-2, YANGWANG-1 & TKSY01-TJ. These satellites were launched using Long March-2D (LM-2D)
Launch Vehicle. Of the said satellites, BEIJING-3 is a high-performance commercial remote sensing
satellite which will provide high-resolution data and information.
33. Which country recently passed anti-LGBT law ahead of 2022 election?
[A] Kenya
[B] Saudi Arabia
[C] Denmark
[D] Hungary
Answer: Hungary
Hungary's parliament recently passed legislation that bans the dissemination of content in schools
deemed to promote homosexuality and gender change. This step has been taken amid strong criticism
from human rights groups and opposition parties.
34. The Affordable Care Act (ACA), that was making up news recently is a statute of which country?
[A] United States
[B] Canada
[C] China
[D] United Kingdom
Answer: United States
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States
Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. The Supreme Court
recently dismissed the challenge to this Act, saving insurance coverage for millions of Americans.
35. Which Indian state recently decided to adopt the Andhra Pradesh government's flagship scheme,
“Nadu Nedu”?
[A] Telangana
[B] Odisha
[C] Karnataka
[D] Tamil Nadu

Answer: Telangana
The Telangana government recently decided to adopt the Andhra Pradesh government's flagship
scheme, Nadu Nedu. The Telangana government has recently sought a "no objection certificate" from
the Andhra Pradesh government over the Mana Badi Nadu Nedu. Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh YS
Jagan Mohan Reddy launched the ‘Nadu-Nedu’ programme which seeks to transform government
schools into vibrant and competitive institutions.
36. Which two countries recently unveiled a roadmap for a joint International Lunar Research
Station?
[A] US and UAE
[B] US and UK
[C] Russia and China
[D] Russia and UAE
Answer: Russia and China
Russia and China recently unveiled a roadmap for a joint International Lunar Research Station. The
International Lunar Research Station is a comprehensive scientific experiment base with the capability
of long-term autonomous operation. The ILRS will become operational from 2036 onwards, providing a
range of scientific facilities and equipments.
37. Paraceratherium, that was recently un news, is an extinct genus of which animal?
[A] Rhinoceros
[B] Crocodile
[C] Dinosaur
[D] Snake
Answer: Rhinoceros
Paraceratherium is an extinct genus of hornless rhinoceros. It is one of the largest terrestrial mammals.
The exact size of Paraceratherium is unknown because of the incompleteness of the fossils. It lived in
habitats ranging from arid deserts with a few scattered trees to subtropical forests.
38. Stygarctus keralensis, that was recently making news, was discovered in which Indian state?
[A] Goa
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Kerala
[D] Manipur
Answer: Kerala
Stygarctus keralensis was discovered in Kerala by a research team which consisted of Vishnudattan
N.K., Jayachandran P.R., and S. Bijoy Nandan, professor, Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology
and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology. J.G. Hansen, University of Copenhagen.
It is the eighth species named under the genus Stygarctus.
39. The recently discovered Pristimantis ledzeppelin, which has been named after English rock band
Led Zeppelin, is a __:
[A] Crocodile
[B] Snake
[C] Frog
[D] Lizard
Answer: Frog
Scientists have named a newly discovered frog species after name of Led Zeppelin, an English rock
band of 1960s . Pristimantis ledzeppelin is a ground-breeding frog found in a part of the Ecuadorean

Andes. This frog has coppery-red eyes and a yellow, brown, black and orange skin.
40. Critically endangered grass species Lophopogon prasannae has recently been found in which
Indian state?
[A] Manipur
[B] Meghalaya
[C] Uttarakhand
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
The new grass species, "Lophopogon prasannae" has recently been discovered in the Nigidi forest of
Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh. This grass species has been named after Dr PV Prasanna. This
species has been marked as ‘critically endangered’ on the basis of the International Union for
Conservation of Nature’s ‘red list’ criteria.
41. Queshuachaca Bridge, that was recently in news, is located in which country?
[A] Kenya
[B] Indonesia
[C] Peru
[D] Mongolia
Answer: Peru
Queshuachaca Bridge is in Quehue District, Canas Province, Peru. The dimension of the bridge is 33 m.
long and 1.20 m. wide, the material used is only the braided straw, obtained from the high Puna. It
requires an annual maintenance because the straw used for its construction begins to decompose.
42. What is the theme of the World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought for 2021?
[A] Restoration. Land. Recovery
[B] Restoration. Land. Preservation
[C] Restoration. Land. Conservation
[D] None of the above
Answer: Restoration. Land. Recovery
The United Nations observes World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought on 17 June every year.
Theme: Restoration. Land. Recovery World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought focuses on
changing public attitudes towards land degradation and desertification.
43. The ‘Crash course programme for Covid-19 frontline workers’ launched by the PM, is designed
under which scheme?
[A] PM Atma Nirbhar Bharat Yojana
[B] PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0
[C] PM Swachh Bharath Abhiyan
[D] PM Cares
Answer: PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0
The Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi has launched a customized crash course programme for
Covid-19 frontline workers, which would make available trained health workers across the country to
assist the battle against covid. The course has been launched with a financial outlay of Rs.276 crore
under the Central Component of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0.
44. ‘Varuna and Assi’ rivers, which were seen in the news recently, flow through which Indian state?
[A] Sikkim
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Odisha
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
The National Green Tribunal has set up a committee for rejuvenation of rivers Varuna and Assi in
Varanasi, both of which joins the river Ganga. This move has been made by the tribunal after taking note
of the reported discharge of untreated sewage in these rivers and unauthorised constructions on the
banks of these rivers.
45. CSIR has tied up with which health care institution to ramp up Covid-19 testing in across towns
and rural India?
[A] Ranbaxy
[B] Religare
[C] Tata MD
[D] Serum Institute
Answer: Tata MD
The CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) has entered into a partnership with Tata
group’s health care venture “Tata MD”. This partnership aims to increase the Covid-19 testing capacity
across Tier 2 and 3 towns and in rural regions of the country. Under this partnership, Tata MD CHECK
SARS-CoV-2 test kits would be extensively used to perform RT-PCR tests across the CSIR labs in India.
46. India has launched a trilateral with which two countries, for Indo-Pacific stability?
[A] Italy – Japan
[B] France – Australia
[C] UAE - New Zealand
[D] Germany – South Korea
Answer: Italy – Japan
India, Italy and Japan have launched a trilateral, through a virtual meeting in which India was
represented by the Union Ministry of External Affairs. This trilateral aims to create stability and a rules-
based international order in the Indo-Pacific region, which is based on “consent of all” and not “power of
the few”.
47. When is the Sustainable Gastronomy Day observed every year by the United Nations?
[A] June 5
[B] June 10
[C] June 18
[D] June 26
Answer: June 18
Every year, 18th June is observed as the Sustainable Gastronomy Day by the United Nations. This day
was first adopted by the UN in the year 2016. Gastronomy refers to local food and cuisine. The United
Nations defines Sustainable Gastronomy as a cuisine that takes into account where the ingredients are
from, how the food is grown and how it gets to our markets and eventually to our plates.
48. Who was the first Indian to win individual gold medal at the Commonwealth Games?
[A] P T Usha
[B] Milkha Singh
[C] Dhyan Chand
[D] Paan Singh Tomar
Answer: Milkha Singh
Milkha Singh, who is also called as the “Flying Sikh'', passed away recently due to COVID. He was 91
years old. Milkha Singh won India's first individual gold medal at the Commonwealth Games, in 1958 in

Wales. Milkha Singh was a soldier and a track and field sprinter, who represented India in various
international events and brought laurels to the country.
49. RBI has approved which institution to takeover Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative Bank?
[A] Centrum Financial Services
[B] Ujjivan Small Finance Bank
[C] DHFL Limited
[D] Bandhan Bank
Answer: Centrum Financial Services
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted in-principle approval consortium of Centrum Financial Services
and fintech startup BharatPe, to takeover Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative Bank. In September
2019, RBI capped cash withdrawals and launched an investigation into its accounting lapses. Centrum
Financial Services is a subsidiary of the listed entity Centrum Capital. Resilient Innovations Ltd, which
operates BharatPe, will be an equal partner in the small finance bank.
50. What is the Government’s target to reduce road accident deaths by year 2024?
[A] 20%
[B] 25%
[C] 50%
[D] 75%
Answer: 50%
The Minister for Road Transport & Highways and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Nitin Gadkari
recently said that the Government's target is to reduce road accident deaths by 50% by year 2024. He
announced this during FICCI webinar on 'Role of Corporates in Arresting Road Fatalities'. The World
Bank and ADB have sanctioned a scheme by which the Government is allocating Rs.14,000 crores for
states and NHAI to remove accident black spots.
51. Which organisation released a proposed global roadmap for universal access to clean energy by
2030?
[A] IEA
[B] UN
[C] World Bank
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: UN
The United Nations released a proposed global roadmap for universal access to clean energy by 2030.
This report was released ahead of the major Ministerial meeting on June 21-25 where countries and
businesses will announce energy plans for the decade. The report envisages annual investments of $35
billion and $25 billion for electricity access and clean cooking by 2030 respectively.
52. Which organisation has proposed to set up an International Carbon Price Floor?
[A] World Bank
[B] IMF
[C] IEA
[D] FAO
Answer: IMF
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has proposed to set up an International Carbon price floor to help
limit global warming. It aims to achieve the transition toward low carbon growth over this decade. As per
the IMF chief, limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2 degrees will require emissions to be cut by a quarter to
a half by 2030.

Treeparna Das | treeparnadas@gmail.com |
53. What is the theme of the International Day of Yoga 2021?
[A] Yoga and Science
[B] Yoga amid Covid
[C] Yoga For Wellness
[D] Yoga For World
Answer: Yoga For Wellness
The International Yoga Day has been celebrated every year on June 21 since 2015. PM Modi proposed to
observe an International Yoga Day, in his address during the opening of the 69th session of the United
Nations General Assembly. This year, the theme of the International Day of Yoga is 'Yoga For Wellness'.
The focus will be on practicing yoga for physical and mental well-being.
54. Which Union Ministry is to set up ’Divyangta Khel Kendras’?
[A] Sports and Youth Affairs Ministry
[B] Social Justice and Empowerment Ministry
[C] Law and Justice Ministry
[D] Home Affairs Ministry
Answer: Social Justice and Empowerment Ministry
Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment Thaawarchand Gehlot announced that the Ministry
has decided to establish five ’Divyangta Khel Kendra’ in different parts of country. He also added that
Ahemdabad City is identified to open one of such facilities. The Minister was participating in ‘Samajik
Adhikarita Shivir’ for distribution of aids and assistive devices to ‘Divyangjan’ under the ADIP Scheme.
55. Laurel Hubbard, who is selected as the first transgender athlete to compete at the Olympics, is
from which country?
[A] USA
[B] Russia
[C] New Zealand
[D] South Africa
Answer: New Zealand
43-year-old Laurel Hubbard from New Zealand has been selected as the first transgender athlete to
compete at the Tokyo Olympics. Hubbard will be the first Trans Olympian when she takes part in the
super-heavyweight women's competition. She will compete in the super-heavyweight 87-kg category
after testosterone levels required by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) are met.
56. What is the name of the Engine which can be used with 100 per cent crude oil or 100 per
ethanol?
[A] Multi Fuel Engine
[B] Flex Fuel Engine
[C] Alternative Engine
[D] Sustainable Engine
Answer: Flex Fuel Engine
The Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways announced that the Ministry will make the Flex-fuel
engines, mandatory for the automobile industry. In a flex fuel engine, there will be choice for the people
to use 100 per cent crude oil or 100 per ethanol. India has earlier preponed the cut-off date for mixing 20
per cent ethanol in petrol from 2030 to 2025.
57. Stefan Löfven, who was in the news recently, was the former Prime Minister of which country?
[A] France
[B] Sweden

[C] Switzerland
[D] Italy
Answer: Sweden
Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven lost a no-confidence vote recently, which made the leader to
resign in a week to resign. With this scenario, the Speaker is given the job of finding a new Government
or call a snap election. The Left Party withdrew support for the centre-left government over a plan to
ease rent controls for new-build apartments.
58. Drag Reduction System (DRS) is associated with which sport?
[A] Cricket
[B] Football
[C] Car Racing
[D] Soccer
Answer: Car Racing
DRS Stands for Drag Reduction System, which is a method in F1 racing, in which drivers follow their
rivals at a very proximate distance in order to overtake them. Recently, F1 champion Max Verstappen
won the French Grand Prix, by overtaking his rival Lewis Hamilton in the penultimate lap using the DRS
technique.
59. When is the World Sickle Cell Awareness Day observed every year?
[A] June 15
[B] June 19
[C] June 25
[D] June 30
Answer: June 19
Every year, the World Sickle Cell Awareness Day is observed on 19th June. This day aims to increase
awareness on the disease and the challenges faced by people affected by the disease. Sickle cell
disease is caused as a result of sickle-shaped red blood cells which stick together and block blood flow
and thereby reduce the ability of oxygen to reach all parts of the body. Affected patients experience
pain, anaemia, infection and other serious health complications.
60. Which country plays host to the BRICS summit on Green Hydrogen initiatives?
[A] India
[B] Russia
[C] Brazil
[D] China
Answer: India
India’s state-owned power sector major NTPC Ltd is anchoring a two-day summit on Green Hydrogen
initiatives. The event would involve participation from BRICS nations. This summit creates a platform to
share Green Hydrogen initiatives by the nations across the globe and present detailed road maps to take
green energy to the next levels. The event is proposed to be held in a virtual format.
61. When does the UN observe “International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in
Conflict”?
[A] June 10
[B] June 19
[C] June 20
[D] June 30
Answer: June 19

Every year, the United Nations observe “International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in
Conflict” on 19th June. This day is observed to raise awareness about this inhuman issue and the urgent
need to put an end to conflict-related sexual violence. A resolution to observe this day was passed in the
United Nations General Assembly in 2015.
62. Great Barrier Reef, which was seen in the news recently, is a famous coral reef situated in which
country?
[A] USA
[B] Australia
[C] Japan
[D] India
Answer: Australia
Great Barrier Reef spans for 2,300km off Australia's north-east coast. It gained World Heritage ranking in
1981 due to its scientific and intrinsic importance. Recently, UNESCO recently said the Great Barrier Reef
should be put on a list of World Heritage Sites that are "in danger" due to the damage it has suffered.
Several bleaching events on the reef in the past five years caused significant loss of coral.
63. Which organisation released the ‘Annual report on children and armed conflict’?
[A] World Bank
[B] UN
[C] IMF
[D] Niti Aayog
Answer: UN
As per the UN chief Antonio Guterres’ annual report to the Security Council on children and armed
conflict, more than 8,500 children were used as soldiers last year in various conflicts across the world.
The most violations in 2020 were committed in Somalia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Afghanistan,
Syria and Yemen.
64. When is the International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice observed every year by the UN?
[A] June 19
[B] June 21
[C] June 25
[D] June 30
Answer: June 21
Every year, the United Nations observes June 21 as International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice.
As per the United Nations, solstices and equinoxes symbolize fertility of the land, agricultural and
cultural heritage. Hence the UN General Assembly acknowledged this event and recognized this date for
celebration.
65. When is World Music Day observed every year?
[A] June 20
[B] June 21
[C] June 22
[D] June 23
Answer: June 21
Every year, the 21st of June is celebrated as World Music Day. This day was first celebrated in the year
1982 in France. The day coincides with the Summer solstice and is aimed to bring people out on the
streets and enjoy themselves listening to the music.
66. Nikol Pashinyan, has been elected as the Prime Minister of which country?
[A] Armenia
[B] New Zealand
[C] Singapore
[D] Vietnam
Answer: Armenia
Nikol Pashinyan, who is presently the acting Prime Minister of Armenia and a member of the Civil
Contract party, has won the recently held general elections for the Parliament. He has claimed a sharp
victory against his rival former President Robert Kocharyan. The acting PM has called for a poll with an
aim to end the political crisis that occurred after Armenian forces lost a six-week war against Azerbaijan
last year.
67. Which Indian state has announced cash awards for having the maximum number of children, in
one of its constituencies?
[A] Haryana
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Bihar
[D] Mizoram
Answer: Mizoram
Robert Romawia Royte – the Sports Minister of Mizoram has announced a cash incentive of Rs. 1 lakh
for parents having maximum number of children in Aizawl East-2 assembly constituency. This
announcement was made on Father's day on the backdrop of increasing infertility and decreasing
growth rate in the district.
68. Which space agency launched Baby Squids into space for experimental purposes?
[A] ISRO
[B] ESA
[C] Roscosmos
[D] NASA
Answer: NASA
American space agency NASA has sent a few numbers of squids into space for experimental and
research purposes. These Hawaiian bobtail squids were raised at the University of Hawaii - Kewalo
Marine Laboratory and have been sent to space in a SpaceX resupply mission to the International Space
Station.
69. In which Indian state the field trials of the world's first genetically modified (GM) rubber has
commenced?
[A] Kerala
[B] Karnataka
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Assam
Answer: Assam
The Rubber Board of India has launched the field trials of the world's first genetically modified (GM)
rubber in Rubber Board’s Sarutari research farm – Guwahati, Assam. This variant has been developed by
the Rubber Research Institute of India (RRII) in Puthuppally, Kottayam, Kerala. The Government of Kerala
had earlier denied the field trials of GM crops in the state.
70. What type of satellite is ‘Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, which was making news
recently?
[A] Ocean-Observing Satellite

[B] Communication Satellite
[C] Remote Sensing Satellite
[D] Navigation Satellite
Answer: Ocean-Observing Satellite
The Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich was launched in November 2020. It is an Ocean-Observing
Satellite, dedicated to measuring sea-level rise. After six months of calibration works, the satellite has
recently started functioning. It was a mission of the European Union, being implemented along with ESA,
NASA and CNES French Agency. The Copernicus Sentinel-6B satellite will be launched in 2025.
71. Which scheme of providing additional food-grain to NFSA beneficiaries, has been extended till
November?
[A] PM KISAN
[B] PM Garib Kalyan Yojana
[C] PM Atmanirbhar Yojana
[D] PM Food grain Yojana
Answer: PM Garib Kalyan Yojana
The Cabinet has recently approved further allocation of additional foodgrain to National Food Security
Act (NFSA) beneficiaries under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (Phase IV) till November. Under the
scheme, the government will provide 5 kg foodgrains per person per month free of cost to maximum
81.35 crore beneficiaries covered under National Food Security Act (NFSA), including those covered
under Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
72. Which country is home to the world's largest variety of butterflies, as per a recent study?
[A] Colombia
[B] Fiji
[C] Papua New Guinea
[D] New Zealand
Answer: Colombia
As per a recent study published by the Natural History Museum, Colombia is home to the world's largest
variety of butterflies. The South American country has approximately 20% of all known species. An
international team of scientists prepared a document titled "Checklist of Colombian Butterflies." Over
200 butterfly species are found only in Colombia
73. Which state has rolled out ‘Electric Vehicle Policy 2021', to provide subsidies of up to Rs 1.5 lakh
on EVs?
[A] Odisha
[B] Gujarat
[C] Telangana
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Gujarat
Gujarat Chief Minister Vijay Rupani announced the 'Gujarat Electric Vehicle Policy 2021', which aims to
provide subsidies of up to Rs 1,50,000 on EVs. The policy is expected to benefit nearly 2 lakh buyers
over the next four years. It provides a subsidy of up to Rs 20,000 on electric two-wheelers, Rs 50,000 on
electric three-wheelers and Rs 1.50 lakh on electric four-wheelers. The subsidy will be credited to the
buyer's bank account through DBT.
74. Who is the head of the Delimitation commission on Jammu and Kashmir (J&K)?
[A] A K Sikri
[B] Ranjan Gogoi

[C] Ranjana Desai
[D] K V Kamath
Answer: Ranjana Desai
The Delimitation commission was set up six months after the abrogation of Article 370 and withdrawal
of J&K's special status in August 2019. The commission is headed by retired Supreme Court judge
Justice Ranjana Desai. Recently, the Commission held a meeting with deputy commissioners (DCs) of all
20 districts in J&K. This is ahead of the all-party meeting called by the Prime Minister, with the leaders
from J&K.
75. Which institution released a report titled 'Macroeconomics India: Economic shocks from 2nd
COVID wave will not be as severe as last year's'?
[A] IndRa
[B] Moody’s
[C] Goldman Sachs
[D] FICCI
Answer: Moody’s
Moody's Investors Service released a report titled 'Macroeconomics India: Economic shocks from 2nd
COVID wave will not be as severe as last year's'. In the report, it slashed India's growth projection to 9.6
per cent for 2021 calendar year, from its earlier estimate of 13.9 per cent. It also observed that faster
vaccination progress will be important in restricting economic losses to June quarter.
76. Indian Air Force and Indian Navy have participated in a ‘Passage-Exercise’ south of
Thiruvananthapuram, with which country’s Naval force?
[A] Sri Lanka
[B] USA
[C] UK
[D] Japan
Answer: USA
The Indian Air Force (IAF) and Indian Navy participated in a passage exercise with the carrier strike
group (CSG) of the US Navy. This exercise was carried out south of Thiruvananthapuram on the western
seaboard. On Indian front, Sukhoi aircraft, Jaguars, IAF refuelling aircraft and warships and maritime
patrol aircrafts participated.
77. As per Hurun Research and EdelGive Foundation report, who is the world’s biggest
philanthropist of the last century?
[A] Jamsetji Tata
[B] Bill Gates
[C] Henry Ford
[D] Azim Premji
Answer: Jamsetji Tata
As per Hurun Research and EdelGive Foundation report, India’s industrialist and Tata Group founder
Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata has been declared to be world’s biggest philanthropist of the last century. He
has made donations worth $102.4 billion. Bill and Melinda Gates have been ranked the second. Wipro
Founder and Chairman Azim Premji has been ranked at 12th position in the list.
78. What is the rank of India in the ‘Digital News Report 2021’, on levels of overall trust in news?
[A] 11
[B] 21
[C] 31

[D] 41
Answer: 31
The 10th edition of Digital News Report for the year 2021 has been released by Reuters Institute for the
Study of Journalism. It details the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on news consumption across the
globe. The report has been compiled based on the data collected from six continents and 46 markets,
which includes India, Indonesia, Thailand, Nigeria, Colombia, and Peru for the first time. India ranked 31
out of 46 countries on levels of trust in news.
79. When is the World Olympic Day or International Olympic Day celebrated every year?
[A] June 20
[B] June 23
[C] June 29
[D] June 30
Answer: June 23
Every year, the 23rd of June is celebrated as the World Olympic Day or International Olympic Day across
the globe. This day was first introduced in the year 1948, to commemorate the birth of the modern
Olympic Games on June 23, 1894, at the Sorbonne in Paris. This day aims to promote participation in
sport across the globe irrespective of age, gender, or athletic ability.
80. What is the main objective of Toycathon 2021?
[A] Developing robust antivirus system
[B] Conceptualizing innovation in toy making
[C] Training sportsmen for upcoming Olympics
[D] Skill Development for children
Answer: Conceptualizing innovation in toy making
The Union Minister Women and Child Development Smriti Zubin Irani along with Minister of State for
Education Sanjay Dhotre have virtually inaugurated the grand finale of Toycathon 2021. This is being
organized jointly by the Union Education Ministry along with 5 other ministries and aims to
conceptualize innovative toy making using locally made / available materials.
81. Mukhyamantri COVID-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana is implemented by which state /UT?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Karnataka
[C] Delhi
[D] Assam
Answer: Delhi
The Government of Delhi has announced the implementation of Mukhyamantri COVID-19 Pariwar Aarthik
Sahayata Yojana in the UT. Under the scheme, a financial assistance of Rs.50,000 would be provided as
ex-gratia for the families which have lost a member due to COVID 19 disease and an additional Rs.2500
per month if the deceased member was the sole breadwinner of the family.
82. MSDC, an apex advisory body, formed in 1997, is associated with which Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Skill Development
[B] Ministry of Port, Shipping and Waterways
[C] Ministry of Education
[D] Ministry of Electronics and IT
Answer: Ministry of Port, Shipping and Waterways
Maritime State Development Council (MSDC) is an apex advisory body formed in 1997, for the
development of the Major and non-Major Ports. Recently, Union Minister of State (I/C) for Port, Shipping
and Waterways Mansukh Mandaviya chaired the 18th meeting of MSDC through a video conference. He
highlighted that the ‘Indian Port Bill 2021’ will ensure optimum management and utilization of the
coastline.
83. Which country won the inaugural ICC World Test Championship (WTC)?
[A] India
[B] New Zealand
[C] Australia
[D] England
Answer: New Zealand
New Zealand beat India in the inaugural ICC World Test Championship (WTC) Final to become the first
World Test Champion. This is New Zealand's first ICC title in two decades. New Zealand chased down
the 139-run target with eight wickets in hand on the reserve day of the final.
84. As per the UN data, what is the estimated number of widows across the world, as of 2021?
[A] 25 million
[B] 258 million
[C] 56 million
[D] 568 million
Answer: 258 million
To empower women and safeguard the rights of widows, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution
and declared June 23 as International Widows Day. International Widows Day is aimed at showing
solidarity with women who have lost their partners. As per the United Nations, there are an estimated
258 million widows around the world, and nearly one in ten live in extreme poverty.
85. When is the United Nations Public Service Day observed every year?
[A] June 20
[B] June 21
[C] June 23
[D] June 30
Answer: June 23
Every year, the United Nations Public Service Day is observed on 23rd of June. This day recognizes the
role of public service, stresses the importance of the same and recognizes the work of public servants
across the globe. The theme for this year is “Innovating the Future Public Service: New Government
Models for a New Era to Reach the SDGs”.
86. Union Cabinet of India approved agreement with which Caribbean country for tax information
exchange?
[A] St Vincent and the Grenadines
[B] Barbados
[C] Dominica
[D] Jamaica
Answer: St Vincent and the Grenadines
The Union Cabinet approved an agreement between India and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines for the
exchange of tax information and assistance in the collection. The agreement between India and St
Vincent and the Grenadines, will help in facilitate sharing of information held by the banks and other
financial institutions including the information regarding the legal and beneficial ownership.
87. Which Indian state is implementing the ‘Kaval Plus programme’?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Karnataka
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Kerala
In December 2020, Kerala launched the pilot project of ‘Kaval Plus programme’, to support children in
need of care and survivors of sexual abuse in the state. After the success of the pilot project, the
Department of Women and Child Development in Kerala is set to expand Kaval Plus to five more
districts. It covers the children at homes, child care institutes, and those in the community outside the
ambit of child welfare committees.
88. Guillain-Barre Syndrome is reported to be associated with which vaccine?
[A] AstraZeneca-Oxford Vacccine
[B] Covaxin
[C] Sputnik
[D] Sinovac
Answer: AstraZeneca-Oxford Vacccine
Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder, in which the body's immune system attacks its
own protective coatings on nerve fibres. This syndrome was first reported in Europe and the UK among
some patients who undertook AstraZeneca-Oxford Covid-19 vaccine, but such a probability is found to
be small. The syndrome may start with extreme weakness that can eventually paralyse the entire body.
The vaccine is traded as Covishield in India, which also reported some cases.
89. What is the turnover limit of small and medium companies (SMC), as per the definition issued by
the Corporate Affairs Ministry?
[A] Rs 50 crore
[B] Rs 100 crore
[C] Rs 250 crore
[D] Rs 500 crore
Answer: Rs 250 crore
The Union Ministry of Corporate Affairs has enlarged and expanded the definition of small and medium
companies (SMC). As per the new definition, small and medium companies are unlisted entities which
are not banks, financial institutions or insurance firms. They should have a turnover of up to Rs 250
crore and borrowings up to Rs 50 crore in the immediately preceding accounting year.
90. Which organization has released the report titled World Drug Report 2021?
[A] WHO
[B] UNICEF
[C] UNESCO
[D] UNODC
Answer: UNODC
World Drug Report 2021 has been released by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
The report states that 275 million people used drugs worldwide in the year 2020 and that 36 million
people suffered from drug use disorders. The report further reveals that, in the last 24 years, the
cannabis potency has increased by about 4 times and the percent of adolescents who perceive drugs as
harmful fell by as much as 40%.
91. K K Shailaja, who has been awarded with the Central European University (CEU) Open Society
Prize, belongs to which state?
[A] Tamil Nadu

[B] Kerala
[C] Karnataka
[D] Assam
Answer: Kerala
Ms K K Shailaja – commonly known as “Shailaja Teacher”, the former Health Minister of Kerala has been
awarded with the Central European University (CEU) Open Society Prize, for her selfless commitment to
the public health services. This price is awarded to personalities of exceptional distinction who have
served the ideals of an open society.
92. Which Union Ministry implements the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA)?
[A] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
[B] Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
[C] Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
[D] Ministry of Law and Justice
Answer: Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
Union Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment implements the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA).
Union Social Justice Minister recently launched the website for the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan
(NMBA). Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment is the nodal ministry for Drug Demand Reduction in
India.
93. What is the theme of the ‘International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking’ 2021?
[A] Leaving None Behind
[B] Share Facts on Drugs, Save Lives
[C] Rehabilitation of Drug Users
[D] Sustainable Drug Prevention
Answer: Share Facts on Drugs, Save Lives
International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is observed on June 26. The Day is observed
worldwide to strengthen action and cooperation in achieving the goal of a sustainable world free of
substance abuse. The theme of the Day this year is ‘Share Facts on Drugs, Save Lives’. The campaign
highlights key statistics and data drawn from UNODC’s yearly World Drug Report.
94. Which state has recently dropped interviews for all recruitments in government jobs?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Andhra Pradesh
[C] Kerala
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
The Andhra Pradesh Government has issued a formal order to dispense with the process of interviews
for all future recruitments into government service. The new system calls for only written examinations
would be conducted for all categories of posts, including Group-1 services. It aims to maintain
transparency and ensure trust of the competing candidates in the selection process.
95. ‘Grey List’, which was sometimes seen in the news, is associated with which institution?
[A] WHO
[B] FATF
[C] IMF
[D] WTO
Answer: FATF
Paris-based Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is the Global Watchdog dog for money laundering and
terror financing. When the FATF places a country in grey list, it means the country is subject to increased
monitoring. Recently, it added Malta, Haiti, the Philippines and South Sudan to its grey list of countries
and kept Pakistan on the list. It removed Ghana from the list after the country showed progress.
96. Abhishek Verma, who recently won a gold medal for India, is associated with which sports?
[A] Badminton
[B] Shooting
[C] Archery
[D] Boxing
Answer: Archery
Abhishek Verma created history by becoming the first man to win two World Cup gold medals in
individual compound archery. He recently won the gold in the men's individual compound event at the
Archery World Cup Stage 3, being held in Paris. He had previously won gold at the individual event in
Wroclaw in 2015.
97. Which organisation test-fired enhanced Pinaka rocket and Caliber Rockets?
[A] HAL
[B] DRDO
[C] ISRO
[D] L&T
Answer: DRDO
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test fired an extended range
version of indigenously developed "Pinaka" rocket. 25 Enhanced Pinaka Rockets were test fired at
Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur off the coast of Odisha. The 122 mm Caliber rockets were
launched from a Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL).
98. Which country’s starter cryptocurrency accounts are named as ‘Chivo’?
[A] France
[B] El Salvador
[C] Venezuela
[D] Mauritius
Answer: El Salvador
El Salvador recently announced that the country is planning to give out starter cryptocurrency accounts
with $30 to promote its use. It was the first country to make bitcoin, a legal tender. The government will
allocate $120 million to establish 4 million starter Bitcoin accounts, or wallets named as ‘Chivo’. When
the law takes effect in September, accepting Bitcoin will not be mandatory rather it will be optional, as
per the Government.
99. Derek Chauvin, who was recently sentenced to 22.5 years, belongs to which country?
[A] Russia
[B] North Korea
[C] USA
[D] China
Answer: USA
A US court sentenced former police officer Derek Chauvin to 22 and a half years in jail for the murder of
George Floyd. His death created a huge outcry against racial injustice in the USA and across the world.
The Court went beyond the 12-and-a-half-year sentence prescribed under state guidelines. This is one of
the longest prison terms ever imposed on a US police officer.
100. As per the Draft National Space Transportation Policy, which entity authorises the rocket
launches from Indian or overseas territory?
[A] NSIL
[B] ISRO
[C] IN-SPACe
[D] DRDO
Answer: IN-SPACe
As per the Draft National Space Transportation Policy-2020 brought out by the Department of Space,
private companies will be allowed to establish and operate rocket launch sites within and outside the
country. Indian National Space Promotion & Authorization Center (IN-SPACe) would authorise any rocket
launch from Indian or overseas territory. It is an independent body constituted by the Government of
India, under the Department of Space (DOS).
101. Which company has acquired the Signal-rival messaging application Wickr?
[A] Google
[B] Amazon
[C] Microsoft
[D] Apple
Answer: Amazon
The Amazon subsidiary, Amazon Web Services (AWS) has acquired a messaging application Wickr. The
messaging application was founded in 2012. Wickr is considered as a rival to Signal platform, as it
boasts of strong encryption. This acquisition will help Amazon develop platforms for the military,
security-conscious firms and government agencies.
102. Which fruit is scientifically referred to as ‘Hylocereusundatus’?
[A] Dragon fruit
[B] Pear
[C] Kiwi
[D] Litchi
Answer: Dragon fruit
Scientifically referred to as Hylocereusundatus, the dragon fruit is called as ‘Kamalam’ in India, due to its
resemblance to a lotus flower. Recently, India exported its first consignment of the Dragon Fruit sourced
from the farmers of Sangli district, Maharashtra to Dubai, as per the announcement from the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry.
103. Which institution conducted the first LiDAR-based project to map water requirement within
forest areas?
[A] ISRO
[B] WAPCOS
[C] NPCC
[D] NHAI
Answer: WAPCOS
Union Environment Minister Prakash Javadekar released LiDAR-based reports, which map the water
requirement within forest areas in 10 states. WAPCOS, a PSU under the Jal Shakti Ministry conducted
this project. These reports will be used to enhance groundwater in forest areas so that animals come
out of forests in search of water.
104. What is the name of the new generation nuclear capable missile tested by the DRDO?
[A] Agni-P (Prime)
[B] Bhim

[C] Arjun-P (Prime)
[D] Bharat
Answer: Agni-P (Prime)
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight tested the new
generation nuclear-capable ballistic missile, Agni-P from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam island off the coast of
Odisha. Agni P is an advanced variant of the Agni class of missiles and is a canisterised missile with a
range capability between 1000km and 2000 km.
105. NERAMAC, which was seen in the recent stimulus package, is associated with which sector?
[A] Agriculture
[B] Health
[C] Tourism
[D] Sports
Answer: Agriculture
Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that the North Eastern Regional Agricultural
Marketing Corporation (NERAMAC) is to be revived with a package of Rs 77.45 crore. The Minister also
announced a credit guarantee scheme worth Rs 1.1 lakh crore for Covid-affected sectors with Rs 50,000
crore out of this for scaling up the healthcare sector. Rs. 23,220 crore more is earmarked for public
health with emphasis on paediatric care.
106. Which Indian state exported Burmese grapes (Leteku), Bao-dhaan (Red Rice) and KajiNemu
(Lemon), to foreign countries?
[A] West Bengal
[B] Bihar
[C] Assam
[D] Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: Assam
A shipment of fresh Burmese grapes referred as ‘Leteku’ in Assamese language has been recently
exported to Dubai from Guwahati by air route. APEDA facilitated the export of the fruits rich in vitamin C
and Iron. Recently, APEDA assisted in exports of the first consignment of ‘red rice’ to the USA and GI-
certified KajiNemu (Assam lemon) to London.
107. Kaluchak military station, which was in the news recently, is located in which Indian state/UT?
[A] Uttarakhand
[B] Sikkim
[C] Jammu & Kashmir
[D] Himachal Pradesh
Answer: Jammu & Kashmir
Kaluchak IAF station, is said to have witnessed an attack from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), using
highly explosive impact IEDs. This was the first time that UAVs were used to strike a strategic military
installation in India. A day after, the Army personnel spotted and fired at two drones said to be hovering
over the Kaluchak military station.
108. As per a recent report, Indian households invested around $40 billion in which asset, in 2020?
[A] Gold
[B] Cryptocurrency
[C] Real Estate
[D] Equity
Answer: Cryptocurrency

As per a recent report by Chainalysis, investments in cryptocurrency grew from about $200 million to
nearly $40 billion in the year 2020. The Reserve Bank of India, however expressed it has “major
concerns” about the asset class. Six months ago, the Indian government proposed a ban on trading in
digital coins.
109. Which city’s Suburban Rail Project, named India’s most integrated rail project, is set to
commence?
[A] Mumbai
[B] Bengaluru
[C] Chennai
[D] New Delhi
Answer: Bengaluru
The Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project (BSRP) was first proposed in 1983. The state government
announced that the project is set to commence soon. It will connect Bengaluru to its satellite townships,
suburbs, and surrounding rural areas, by a rail-based rapid-transit system. Rail Infrastructure
Development Company, Karnataka, (K-RIDE) is in charge of the project. It is expected to be completed by
2026 at an estimated cost of Rs 15,767 crore.
110. Which organisation released the report titled ‘Indigenous Peoples' Food System’?
[A] IMF
[B] NITI Aayog
[C] FAO
[D] UNICEF
Answer: FAO
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), along with the Alliance of Bioversity International and the
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) released a new report, titled Indigenous Peoples'
Food System, Insights of sustainability and resilience from the front line of climate change. It identified
hundreds of diverse plant and animal species that Indigenous people around the world depend on, to
generate food sustainably and enhance biodiversity. The report also warned of increasing threats to
these sophisticated food systems.
111. Which constitutional post is being held by Mr K K Venugopal, who is set to be reappointed for a
period of one more year?
[A] Election Commissioner
[B] Attorney General
[C] UPSC Chairperson
[D] Comptroller and Auditor General
Answer: Attorney General
The Central Government is set to notify the reappointment of Senior Advocate K K Venugopal as
Attorney General for India for a period of one more year. Being a constitutional post, the Attorney
General for India is the top legal officer in the country. Mr Venugopal took over as the 15th Attorney
General for India on July 1, 2017 and he is 91 years old.
112. Baihetan hydropower plant is situated in which country?
[A] Japan
[B] China
[C] South Korea
[D] Philippines
Answer: China

Baihetan hydropower plant is said to be the world’s largest hydropower plant under construction. It is
situated on the Yangtze River in southwest China. Recently, two units of the plant generated electricity
for the first time. It is built by the China Three Gorges Corporation. Yangtze river is the longest river in
Asia.

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